JP5559789B2 - アルツハイマー病の処置のための免疫治療組成物 - Google Patents
アルツハイマー病の処置のための免疫治療組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5559789B2 JP5559789B2 JP2011522064A JP2011522064A JP5559789B2 JP 5559789 B2 JP5559789 B2 JP 5559789B2 JP 2011522064 A JP2011522064 A JP 2011522064A JP 2011522064 A JP2011522064 A JP 2011522064A JP 5559789 B2 JP5559789 B2 JP 5559789B2
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Description
本出願は、2008年8月7日に出願された米国仮出願第61,086,938号(この内容は、出典明示により本明細書に包含させる)の利益を主張する。
本願は、アルツハイマー病(AD)の進行を予防、遅延、停止または反転するための安全かつ効果的なワクチンに関する。ADは脳におけるアミロイドβ(Aβ)沈着により特徴付けられる。Aβ1−42ワクチン接種(AN1792)によるAβのクリアランスは、臨床的に有望であると示されているが、患者の一部は制限的な炎症作用に苦しんでいる。Aβのような自己抗原は免疫原性が乏しく、Th1バイアス(biased)反応を誘導する強力なアジュバント、例えば、AN1792ワクチンにおいて使用されるサポニンQS21を必要とする。承認されているTh2バイアスアジュバントであるアラム(Alum)は、自己抗原とあまり作用しない。
アルツハイマー病(AD)は、認知機能の進行性喪失により特徴付けられる神経変性障害であり、高齢者における認知症の最も頻度の高い型であり、認知症を有するすべての患者のほぼ半数に影響する。
強力なTh2バイアス免疫反応を誘導するが、有害な炎症性Th1バイアス細胞性免疫反応を回避する抗−Aβワクチンは、ADの処置に効果的であり得る。適当なアジュバント中のAβ1−42も、この結果を達成し得る。加えて、Th1エピトープを欠いているB細胞−特異的短Aβペプチドエピトープは、起こりうる有害な炎症性細胞性免疫反応を回避することにより、ADに関する有効な免疫療法レジメンのための有望な候補である。しかしながら、このようなペプチド自己エピトープはさらなるT細胞の助けを必要とし、さらにヒトにおいて所望の免疫反応を引き起こし、高い力価の抗−Aβ抗体を産生するように、強いTh2バイアスアジュバントを必要とする。本発明は、Th1バイアス細胞介在炎症を回避するか、または抑制するために、油中水型エマルジョン型Th2バイアスアジュバント/送達系中のAβペプチドエピトープ、例えば、Aβ1−42を提供する。本発明の1つの態様は、Aβ15DT複合体を形成するように免疫原性担体(DT)と複合体化したTh1エピトープを欠く自己エピトープ(Aβ1−15)に関し、次にこれはTh2バイアス免疫反応を誘導するように油中水型エマルジョンアジュバント/送達系中で製剤化される。免疫原性組成物は、一つの例において、皮下または筋肉内注射により患者に投与され得る。
図1AおよびBは、免疫化後の血漿における抗−Aβ1−42抗体レベルおよびIgアイソタイプを描写している。
詳細な説明において提供されている実施例および図は、単なる例であり、いかなる特許請求の範囲の説明または解釈においても特許請求の範囲を限定するために使用してはならない。
ペプチドを含む小分子と免疫原性担体、例えば、DTとの複合体化は、免疫原性を増強するための確立された手段である。しかしながら、ヒトにおいて自己抗原複合体を強い免疫原性にするためには、また、適当なアジュバントと製剤化する必要がある。MAS−1は、Mercia Pharma, Incから市販されているマンニドモノオレエート(Mannide monooleate)、スクアレンおよびスクアランを含む油中水型エマルジョンアジュバント系である。MAS−1は、細胞介在細胞毒性を引き起こすことなく、またはワクチンの自己成分に対する免疫自己寛容を破壊することなく、自己抗原に対する持続的中和抗体反応を刺激し、耐容性が良く、全身毒性ではない治療ワクチンを生産するために、自己抗原複合体構築物と共にヒトにおいて使用するために開発された。
数十年間、フロイントアジュバントエマルジョン(CFA/IFA)は、他のアジュバントと比較する基準である。CFAは、特にマイコバクテリウム成分により誘導される激しい炎症反応のため、ヒトにおける使用に適当ではないが;IFAは、ヒト適応に対して未だ承認されていないが臨床試験において使用されている。それにもかかわらず、これらの油中水型(W/O)エマルジョンは、強力なアジュバントとして一般的に認識されており、動物試験において幅広く使用されている。
Aβ1−42ワクチン(AN1792)は、QS21ベースのアジュバント中で製剤化される。強いTh1バイアスアジュバントであるQS21は、AN1792ワクチンの炎症性副作用に寄与し得る。MAS−1中で製剤化されたAβ1−42を、脳組織におけるアミロイドプラークに対する強力なTh2バイアス抗体反応を促進するが、Th1反応と関連するアミロイドベータ特異的細胞介在免疫の産生を回避する能力に関して評価する。
ペプチドエピトープ選択:Aβ−特異的T細胞エピトープを回避するAβB細胞エピトープへの標的化は、全長Aβ1−42である原線維でのAN1792臨床試験において見られるいくつかの副作用を回避するために治験担当医により遂行されている戦略である。Aβ1−15配列が関連B細胞エピトープをコードすることが示されている(Geylis et al., 2005; Lemere et al., 2004; Lemere et al., 2000; McLaurin, et al., 2002; Agadjanyan et al., 2005)。この配列は、免疫原性を改善するために、免疫原性担体と複合体化され得る。
多数の因子、例えば、抗原、アジュバントおよび送達系は、特異的細胞性および体液性免疫反応を引き起こすために修飾され得る。データは、油中水型アジュバント送達系、例えば、MAS−1中で製剤化されたAβ1−42が、主にTh2バイアス(IgG1およびIgG2bアイソタイプ)にて未処理マウスにおいて有意な体液性抗体反応を誘導することを示す(図1および2)。
遺伝子標的化トランスジェニックマウスはAD病理学の種々の局面のモデリングのための重要なツールであるが、マウスモデルは神経病理学を完全には再現しない。3×Tg−ADマウスは、空間的かつ文脈的学習および記憶パラダイムの両方における認知表現型における年齢依存性の減少と共に、関連脳領域においてAβペプチドから構成されるプラークおよび過リン酸化タウタンパク質から構成される神経原線維変化の両方を生じる。したがって、それらはAD治療の可能性を評価するための重要なモデルを提供する(Oddo et al., 2003)。
Aβ1−42ペプチド:42残基ペプチドは固相合成を使用して製造され得る。このペプチドの配列を以下に示す:DAEFR5HDSGY10EVHHQ15KLVFF20AEDVG25SNKGA30IIGLM35VGGVV40IA42(配列番号:1)。
Claims (12)
- 免疫原性担体と複合体化しているヒトAβ1−15ペプチドを含む免疫原を含む、アルツハイマー病の処置または予防のための免疫治療組成物であって、
該担体は、DT、TTおよびKLHからなる群から選択され、
該ペプチドは、免疫原性担体と複合体化しており、
該免疫原は、油アジュバントビヒクルを含む油中水型エマルジョン中で製剤化され、
該油アジュバントビヒクルは、スクアレン、スクアランおよびマンニドモノオレエートを含み、
該免疫原は、約100ナノメートルから約1ミクロンの中央直径を有する水球内に含まれている、免疫治療組成物。 - 平均水球直径が約300ナノメートルである、請求項1に記載の免疫治療組成物。
- 免疫原性担体タンパク質がDTを含み、そしてAβペプチド1−15残基−対−担体の複合比率が1モルの担体あたり約5から約30モルのペプチドである、請求項1または2に記載の免疫治療組成物。
- 複合比率が7:1または22:1であるか、または約5:1から約25:1の範囲内の複合比率における複合体の組合せである、請求項3に記載の免疫治療組成物。
- ヒト患者におけるアルツハイマー病の処置または予防のための、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の免疫治療組成物。
- Aβ1−42ペプチドである免疫原を含む、ヒト患者におけるベータ−アミロイドプラークを減少させるための免疫治療組成物であって、
該ペプチドは、Th2バイアス(biased)アジュバント中で製剤化され、
該Th2バイアスアジュバントは、スクアレン、スクアランおよびマンニドモノオレエートを含む油中水型エマルジョンであり、
該エマルジョンは、水球を含み、
該水球の平均直径は、約300ナノメートルである、免疫治療組成物。 - ペプチドがAβ残基1−15ペプチドである、請求項6に記載の免疫治療組成物。
- Aβ1−15ペプチドが免疫原性担体タンパク質と複合体化している、請求項7に記載の免疫治療組成物。
- 担体タンパク質がDT、TTまたはKLHである、請求項8に記載の免疫治療組成物。
- 担体タンパク質がDTであり、そしてAβ1−15−対−DTの複合比率が1モルの担体あたり約5から約30モルのペプチドである、請求項9に記載の免疫治療組成物。
- アジュバントがMAS−1である、請求項6−10のいずれかに記載の免疫治療組成物。
- ヒト患者におけるベータ−アミロイドプラークを減少させるための薬剤の製造のための、請求項6−11のいずれかに記載の免疫治療組成物の使用。
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US9926353B2 (en) | 2011-07-19 | 2018-03-27 | New York University | Immunotherapeutic modulation of amyloidogenic disease using non-fibrillogenic, non-amyloidogenic polymerized proteins and peptides |
US8906382B2 (en) | 2011-07-19 | 2014-12-09 | New York University | Method for treating amyloid disease |
WO2015017280A1 (en) | 2013-07-28 | 2015-02-05 | Qantu Therapeutics, Inc. | Vaccine formulations that induce a th2 immune response |
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