JP5557159B2 - Hazardous waste treatment method and hazardous waste treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a waste processing method and a waste processing apparatus for safely detoxifying by avoiding scattering of hazardous waste to the surroundings.

  Currently, the shortage of waste disposal sites is becoming prominent, and most of industrial waste and general waste are in landfills after being incinerated or reduced in volume as they are generated or after some pretreatment. Often, final disposal is performed. There are various methods for the incineration treatment described above, but in recent years, management of harmful substances such as dioxins in the gas generated at the incineration plant has become a problem. In order to prevent dioxins from being discharged outside the furnace by decomposing dioxins as harmful substances generated by being brought into the high-temperature oxidizing atmosphere in the furnace for high-temperature atmosphere in the furnace There is a need for a processing method that can do this. As a waste treatment method capable of such high temperature treatment, there is a waste treatment method disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3 (referred to as Prior Art 1). In the process disclosed in Patent Documents 2 and 3 of the prior art 1, in order to perform such processing at a high speed, the waste is compression-molded to form a compression block, and then the volume is reduced. Is a waste treatment process in which the fuel gas, slag, and metal are obtained by drying and charging in a gasification and melting furnace to pyrolyze and gasify and melt incombustible components. This waste treatment method is considered to be a highly versatile method because industrial waste and general waste generated in various forms are processed by batch compression molding with a compressor.

  On the other hand, when processing hazardous waste, such as PCB contaminants, asbestos contaminants, dioxin contaminants, infectious medical waste, etc. that are not allowed to be scattered during transportation to the incineration plant, sealed containers made of synthetic resin, etc. The incineration process is carried out after being transported in a sealed container. When the waste stored in such a sealed container (referred to as a container-closed waste) is compressed in the same manner as other wastes using the above-described waste processing method of Prior Art 1, the container is sealed. When compressing waste, the hermetic container is destroyed, and there is a problem that hazardous waste inside leaks and contaminates the inside of the compression apparatus. Therefore, a waste treatment method disclosed in Patent Document 4 (referred to as Prior Art 2) has been developed as an improved technique capable of treating container-sealed waste using the waste treatment method of Prior Art 1.

  As disclosed in Patent Document 4, prior art 2 includes a step of supplying a waste containing no harmful substances into a compression device from an input port and then pressurizing and compressing batchwise to form a compression block; The obtained compression block is charged into a tunnel-type heating furnace to which the compression device is connected and dried, and then the compression block is charged into a gasification melting furnace to be pyrolyzed and gasified, and non-combustible. The minutes are about to melt. In such a waste treatment method, Patent Document 4 provides a charging device for directly charging a container-sealed waste in which a hazardous waste is sealed in a container into a tunnel-type heating furnace separately from the waste. The container-sealed waste is charged into the gasification melting furnace together with the waste compression block. Since the container-sealed waste is not compressed or destroyed by such a waste treatment method, it is said that pyrolysis, gasification, and melting are performed without contaminating the inside of the compression apparatus.

JP-A-6-26626 JP-A-6-79252 JP-A-7-323270 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-218313

  In the waste treatment method according to the prior art 2, hazardous waste is sealed in a container, and the container-sealed waste is supplied into the furnace without being destroyed, and is subjected to pyrolysis, gasification, and melting treatment together with the waste compression block. be able to. However, it is necessary to provide a charging device for directly charging the container-sealed waste into the tunnel heating furnace separately from the waste, and the charging device prevents gas leakage from the tunnel heating furnace. For this reason, there is a problem that the charging device has a complicated configuration, such as providing a double seal valve and sealing with an inert gas.

  In addition, even in electrical equipment that does not use polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), there are those that contain insulating oil contaminated with a trace amount of PCB of about several mg / kg to several tens mg / kg. This was confirmed in July 2002. The amount of electrical equipment is estimated to be about 1.2 million for electrical equipment and 1,400 km for OF cables. Such trace PCB contaminated waste electrical equipment (insulating oil contaminated with trace PCB) It is clear that there is a large amount of waste and the electrical equipment and OF cables used in it are waste, and these treatments are technically safe and reliable. In addition, there is a need for measures to efficiently treat large quantities based on the characteristics of waste. In the waste treatment method according to the prior art 2, since the container-sealed waste is dropped and charged into the space between the inner wall of the tunnel-type heating furnace and the compression block, this space itself cannot be secured largely. Larger container waste will not fit in this space if dropped, and even in the case of container sealed waste of dimensions fit in this space, the compressed block and container sealed waste will also be in that space. There is a problem that it is difficult to process a large amount of container-sealed waste because the space remains between them and the space cannot be used effectively.

  In view of such circumstances, the present invention solves the problems of the prior art described above, and is a complicated device while ensuring that hazardous waste is processed safely and reliably without fear of scattering to the surroundings. It is an object of the present invention to provide a hazardous waste processing method and a hazardous waste processing apparatus that can be processed in large quantities.

  According to the present invention, the above-mentioned problems are solved by the following first and second inventions with respect to the hazardous waste treatment method, and by the third and fourth inventions with respect to the apparatus used in this method, respectively. .

  Here, in the present invention, hazardous waste refers to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contaminants, asbestos contaminants, dioxin contaminants, infectious medical wastes, and the like.

<First invention>
In a hazardous waste processing method for detoxifying hazardous waste with a vertical gasification melting furnace,
A container sealing process for sealing hazardous waste in a container to form a container-sealed waste;
A compression process in which a block is formed by compression molding other wastes that do not contain harmful substances in the compression space of the compression device;
A feed process in which the block and the container-sealed waste are fed together toward the vertical gasification melting furnace,
It comprises a gasification and melting process in which the sent block and container-sealed waste are pyrolyzed and gasified in a vertical gasification and melting furnace, and the pyrolysis residue and incombustible material are melted and discharged.
The container sealing step is performed outside the compression space,
The feeding step is performed by pushing the block formed in the compression space forward and the pressure lower than the breaking pressure of the container sealed waste with respect to the container sealed waste formed outside the compression space and then placed in the compression space. A hazardous waste treatment method characterized in that the container-sealed waste is integrally fed to the vertical gasification and melting furnace in a state of being sandwiched between the front and rear blocks by alternately pushing forward of the container .

  In the first invention, the container sealing step may be sealed by charging the container with waste or solid fuel containing fixed carbon together with hazardous waste.

  Furthermore, in the first invention, the waste or solid fuel containing fixed carbon is installed so that the amount of fixed carbon contained in the waste or solid fuel containing fixed carbon is 10% by weight or more of the ash content of the hazardous waste. It is preferable to enter.

  In the present invention, fixed carbon refers to carbon that does not volatilize and burns in a solid state. Moreover, coal, coke, and charcoal are mentioned as solid fuel.

<Second invention>
In a hazardous waste processing method for detoxifying hazardous waste with a vertical gasification melting furnace,
A resin sealing process in which hazardous waste is hermetically sealed with synthetic resin to form resin-sealed waste;
A compression process in which a block is formed by compression molding other wastes that do not contain harmful substances in the compression space of the compression device;
A feed process in which the block and the resin-sealed waste are integrally fed to the vertical gasification melting furnace,
The block and the resin-sealed waste that have been sent are pyrolyzed and gasified in a vertical gasification and melting furnace, and a gasification and melting process is performed to melt and discharge the pyrolysis residue and incombustibles,
The resin sealing step is performed outside the compression space,
The feeding step is performed by pushing the block formed in the compression space forward and the pressure smaller than the breaking pressure of the resin sealed waste with respect to the resin sealed waste formed outside the compression space and then placed in the compression space. The hazardous waste treatment method is characterized in that the resin-enclosed waste is integrally fed to the vertical gasification melting furnace in a state of being sandwiched between the front and rear blocks by alternately pushing forward to the front. .

<Third invention>
In hazardous waste treatment equipment that detoxifies hazardous waste,
A container sealing device for sealing hazardous waste in a container to form a container sealed waste;
A compression device in which a cylindrical portion is formed as a compression space for compressing and molding other waste that does not contain harmful substances, and forming a block;
A vertical gasification and melting furnace that thermally decomposes and gasifies the sealed container waste and the block, melts and discharges the pyrolysis residue and incombustibles,
A heating furnace that has a space that allows the block to move forward from the cylindrical portion of the compression device to the vertical gasification melting furnace, and that heats the block in the space;
The container sealing device is provided outside the compression space;
In the compression device, a hopper that receives supply of container-sealed waste and other waste that does not contain harmful substances is provided at the lower portion thereof so as to be able to communicate with the cylindrical portion. Between the compression support plate provided at the front position toward the mold gasification melting furnace so that the opening on the downstream side of the upper part of the cylinder can be freely opened and closed, and the compression support plate at the closed position driven forward from the rear of the hopper. Compression means for compressing and compacting the waste material to form a block, and repeating the following series of operations (a) to (d) to hold the container-sealed waste material between the front and back blocks A hazardous waste treatment device that feeds forward toward a vertical gasification melting furnace .
(A) After closing the compression support plate, another waste is supplied to the compression space, and the other waste is pushed forward toward the compression support plate by the compression means and compressed to form a block.
(B) Open the compression support plate and push the block forward by the compression means from the position of the compression support plate.
(C) Retracting the compression means, and then throwing the container-closed waste into the compression space, and with the compression support plate open, the container-closed waste is removed by the compression means from the burst pressure of the container-closed waste. Extrude to the position just after the block extruded with (b) with a small pressure.
(D) Retract the compression means.

<Fourth Invention>
In hazardous waste treatment equipment that detoxifies hazardous waste,
A resin sealing device that seals and solidifies hazardous waste with synthetic resin to form resin sealed waste,
A compression device in which a cylindrical portion is formed as a compression space for compressing and molding other waste that does not contain harmful substances, and forming a block;
A vertical gasification and melting furnace that thermally decomposes and gasifies resin-enclosed waste and blocks, melts and discharges pyrolysis residues and incombustibles,
A heating furnace that has a space that allows the block to move forward from the cylindrical portion of the compression device to the vertical gasification melting furnace, and that heats the block in the space;
The resin sealing device is provided outside the compression space,
In the compression device, a hopper that receives supply of resin-sealed waste and other waste that does not contain harmful substances is provided in a lower portion thereof so as to be able to communicate with the cylindrical portion. Between the compression support plate provided at the front position toward the mold gasification melting furnace so that the opening on the downstream side of the upper part of the cylinder can be freely opened and closed, and the compression support plate at the closed position driven forward from the rear of the hopper. Compression means for compressing and compacting the waste material to form a block, and repeating the series of operations (a) to (d) below, and sandwiching the resin-sealed waste material between the front and back blocks In this state, the hazardous waste treatment apparatus is characterized in that it is fed forward toward the vertical gasification melting furnace .
(A) After closing the compression support plate, supply other waste to the compression space, put other waste into the compression space, close the compression support plate, and then compress and support the other waste by the compression means A block is formed by pushing forward toward the board and compressing it.
(B) Open the compression support plate and push the block forward by the compression means from the position of the compression support plate.
(C) The resin sealing waste is thrown into the compression space after the compression means is retracted, and the resin sealed waste is released from the pressure of the resin sealed waste by the compression means with the compression support plate open. Extrude to the position just after the block extruded with (b) with a small pressure.
(D) Retract the compression means.

  As described above, the present invention seals hazardous waste in a container, or seals and solidifies with a synthetic resin, and supplies it to a gasification melting furnace together with other waste blocks that do not contain harmful substances. Since this is thermally decomposed by the gasification melting furnace, the container and the resin solidified product are not damaged, so that it is ensured that hazardous waste can be safely and reliably processed without fear of scattering to the surroundings, It is possible to provide a hazardous waste processing method and a hazardous waste processing apparatus that do not require a complicated device and that can be used in a large amount by effectively using the inside of the cylindrical portion as a compression space without waste. In particular, the space of the cylindrical body that receives the container-sealed waste sealed in the container or the resin-sealed waste that is sealed and solidified with the synthetic resin is the distance between the upper inner surface and the lower inner surface of the cylindrical body in the height direction. The entire height can be used, and in the front-rear direction, the distance between the two blocks is determined freely, so that a sufficient size can be secured. Therefore, the container-sealed waste or the resin-sealed waste has an effect that it can be received in the space of any size as long as it is smaller than the size of the inner space of the cylindrical body.

1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a hazardous waste processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a diagram showing, in order, compression steps in the hazardous waste processing method for the main part of the apparatus of FIG. 1 (A) to (F).

  FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a hazardous waste processing apparatus according to the present embodiment. Before describing the specific configuration of the processing apparatus, first, an outline of the processing of hazardous waste by the processing apparatus will be described.

  A processing apparatus is an apparatus for detoxifying a hazardous waste without scattering it. In this processing apparatus, first, a hazardous waste is sealed in a container to create a container-sealed waste, or after sealing and solidifying with a synthetic resin to create a resin-sealed waste, this container is sealed and discarded. Waste or resin-sealed waste is supplied to a thermal decomposition section of a vertical gasification melting furnace together with a block formed by compressing other waste not containing harmful substances with a compression device. In the thermal decomposition section, an oxygen-containing gas is introduced, the container-closed waste or the resin-closed waste is thermally decomposed together with the block, the incombustible material is melted, and the hazardous waste is made harmless.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a PCB contaminated waste oil processing apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment. Hereinafter, the configuration of the processing apparatus 1 will be described with reference to FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the processing apparatus 1 is provided with a container sealing device 40 that seals hazardous waste in a container and creates container sealed waste. The container sealing device 40 may be provided in a site section where the vertical gasification melting furnace is installed, or may be provided in another place so as to transfer the container-sealed waste after sealing to the place of the processing apparatus. May be.

  The processing apparatus 1 is provided with a waste charging apparatus 10, a compression apparatus 20, a tunnel heating furnace 30, and a vertical gasification melting furnace 50. The waste input device 10 inputs container-closed waste and other waste not containing harmful substances from above into a compression device 20 to be described later. The waste input device 10 is a container-closed waste. And a hopper 11 for receiving the other waste, and a lid 12 that forms the bottom of the hopper 11 and can be opened and closed. The waste input device 10 communicates with the compression device 20 when the lid 12 is in the open position, and inputs the container-sealed waste or the like into the compression device 20.

  The other waste mentioned above refers to general waste that does not contain hazardous substances, and industrial waste that does not contain harmful substances, separate from container-sealed waste or resin-sealed waste. Is put into a waste input device.

  Below the waste charging device 10, another waste containing no harmful substances is compressed to form a compressed block. Further, the compressed block and the container-sealed waste are moved forward toward the heating furnace 30. There is provided a compression device 20 that pushes out and sends out. The compression device 20 includes a cylindrical portion 21 extending in the horizontal direction at a position below the hopper 11 and a compression head 22 as compression means that reciprocates in the cylindrical portion 21 in the front-rear direction (left-right direction in FIG. 1). And a plate-like compression support plate 23 that reciprocates in the vertical direction at a position downstream of the hopper 11 (right side in FIG. 1) to open and close the downstream side opening of the tubular portion 21. . The compression support board 23 also serves as a gate for opening and closing an upstream opening of the heating furnace 30 described later. The cylindrical portion 21 has an inner wall section having the same shape and the same dimension as an inner wall section of a heating furnace 30 described later.

  The compression device 20 is in a closed state in which the compression support plate 23 approaches the compression support plate 23 in the closed state in which the compression support plate 23 closes the downstream side opening of the cylindrical portion 21 at the lowered position (right in the figure). The other waste thrown in from the hopper 11 is compressed by the compression head 22 and the compression support board 23 to form the compression block P1. The compression block P1 is molded batchwise. The compression head 22 has a function of pushing the compression block P1 or the container-sealed waste and sending it forward from the position of the compression support plate 23 when the compression support plate 23 is in the raised position and is open. It also has.

  A tunnel-type heating furnace 30 (hereinafter referred to as “heating furnace 30”) connected to the cylindrical portion 21 of the compression apparatus 20 extends in the horizontal direction on the downstream side of the compression apparatus 20. The heating furnace 30 is heated from the outside, and the compression block P <b> 1 supplied from the compression device 20 is dried in the heating furnace 30. The downstream end of the heating furnace 30 is connected to an inlet 51 of a vertical gasification and melting furnace 50 (hereinafter referred to as “gasification and melting furnace 50”), and the sealed container waste P0 and the above-mentioned after drying. The compression block P <b> 1 can be supplied from the charging port 51 into the gasification melting furnace 50.

  The gasification melting furnace 50 has a vertical portion extending in the vertical direction and a horizontal portion extending in the horizontal direction from the lower portion of the vertical portion. The portion extending in the vertical direction has a substantially lower half portion formed as a thermal decomposition portion 52 and a substantially upper half portion formed as a gas reforming portion 53. Further, the horizontal portion is formed as a melting portion 54.

  In the thermal decomposition section 52, the container-closed waste P0 and the compressed block P1 are mixed and deposited to form a waste stack layer Q, and the container-closed waste of the waste stack layer Q is gasified by pyrolysis. At the same time, the incombustible component is melted into a melt. A first oxygen-containing gas supply port 55 for supplying an oxygen-containing gas into the waste accumulation layer Q is provided at the lower part of the side wall of the gasification melting furnace 50. The melt is mainly molten slag and molten metal.

  In the gas reforming unit 53, as will be described later, the gas generated from the waste accumulation layer Q in the thermal decomposition unit 52 is reformed to generate a reformed gas. A plurality of second oxygen-containing gas supply ports 56 for supplying an oxygen-containing gas for gas reforming are provided in the gas reforming unit 53 on the upper side of the side wall of the gasification melting furnace 50.

  In the melting part 54, the melt generated in the thermal decomposition part 52 is heated, and carbon and the like contained in the melt are gasified and removed. A fuel gas supply port 57 for supplying fuel gas to the melting portion 54 is provided on the upper wall of the horizontal portion of the gasification melting furnace 50. Further, a melt discharge port 58 for discharging the melt to the outside is provided in the melt section 54 so as to extend downward.

  A gas duct 60 is provided at the top of the gasification melting furnace 50 and extends from a reformed gas discharge port 59 formed at the top to discharge the reformed gas generated in the gas reforming unit 53 to the outside of the furnace. Yes. On the downstream side of the gas duct 60, a cooling / washing water circulation device (not shown) for cooling and cleaning the reformed gas, which is formed as a separate device from the processing device 1, an HCL gas in the reformed gas, and the like. A gas purification device (not shown) for removal is provided.

  Hereinafter, the hazardous waste processing method by the processing apparatus 1 of the above-described embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

  First, prior to the treatment in the vertical gasification and melting furnace 50, the hazardous waste is sealed in the container by the container sealing device 40 to form the container sealed waste P0. As the container, plastic is preferable because it can be gasified and recovered as fuel gas. However, since the incombustible material eventually melts, it may be made of metal. The shape of the container can be spherical, cylindrical or box-shaped. The container sealing device 40 may be provided in a site section where the vertical gasification melting furnace 50 is installed, or may be provided in another place, and the container-sealed waste P0 may reach the place of the vertical gasification melting furnace 50. It may be transferred.

  (1) The compression support plate 23 of the compression device 20 is brought into a closed position where the compression support plate 23 is lowered, and the front portion of the cylindrical portion 21 is closed, and the lid portion 12 is harmful to the cylindrical portion 21 from the hopper 11 in the open position. Drop and supply other wastes that are free of substances. Next, the compression head 22 is advanced to compress the other waste with the compression support plate 23 to form the compression block P1, and then the compression support plate 23 is lifted upward to be in the open state. The compression head 22 feeds the compression block P1 to a position in front of the compression support plate 23. After this delivery, the compression head 22 is retracted, and the compression support plate 23 is brought into the closed state again. The sealed waste P0 is dropped and supplied to the cylindrical portion 11 (see FIG. 2A).

  (2) Next, after the compression support plate 23 is opened, the compression head 22 is advanced to push out the container-sealed waste P0 forward, and is brought into close contact with the rear surface of the compression block P1 located in front of it. (See FIG. 2B).

  (3) Thereafter, the compression head 22 is retracted and the compression support plate 23 is set to the closed position, and another waste P1 ′ in a separated state is dropped from the hopper 11 between them (FIG. 2). (See (C)), by moving the compression head 22 forward, the other waste P1 ′ is compressed with the compression support plate 23 in the closed position to form a compression block P1 (FIG. 2D). reference). The procedure for forming the compressed block P1 by compressing other wastes shown in FIGS. 2C and 2D is the same as in the case of forming the compressed block P1 shown in the above (1). is there.

  (4) Next, the compression support plate 23 is opened, and the compression block P1 is sent forward from the compression support plate 23 by the compression head 22, and is brought into contact with the rear surface of the container-sealed waste P0 to further advance. As a result, the container-closed waste P0 is fed forward so as to be sandwiched between the compressed block P1 located in front of it. Thus, the container-sealed waste P0 sandwiched between the front compression block P1 and the rear compression block P1 together with the above-mentioned compression blocks P1 and the subsequent compression block and container-sealed waste that are sent forward in the same manner. (See FIG. 2 (E)), the furnace 30 moves forward, reaches the vertical gasification melting furnace 50, and successively enters the space of the thermal decomposition section 52 of the vertical gasification melting furnace 50. Fall down.

  (5) After that, the compression head 22 moves backward, the compression support plate 23 is brought to the closed position, and the hopper 11 with the lid 12 opened is prepared for the fall supply of other waste as the next process cycle. (Refer to FIG. 2 (F)), the above operations (1) to (4) are repeated.

  In the above (1) and (2), after the container-closed waste P0 is dropped and supplied from the hopper 11 to the cylindrical portion 11, the other waste P1 ′ in a separated state is dropped into the container-closed waste P0. Another separated waste P1 ′ may be pushed forward and brought to a position in close contact with the rear surface of the compression block P1 located in front of the waste P1 ′. If it does in this way, a space | gap will not be formed in the heating furnace 30, but it can utilize effectively.

  In such an advancement process of the compression head, the type of container, so that the delivery pressure to the compression block P1 and the container sealed waste P0 when the compression head 22 is advanced is set to a pressure that does not destroy the container sealed waste P0. Check the upper limit of the indentation pressure in advance according to the shape, adjust the pressure, and pressure sufficient to make the compression block so dense that the compression block does not easily break its shape It is preferable to set to.

  In the present embodiment, since the inner wall cross section of the cylindrical portion 21 is formed in the same shape and the same size as the inner wall cross section of the heating furnace 30, the cross sectional shape of the compression block P1 is the same as the inner wall cross section of the inlet of the heating furnace 30. Therefore, the compression block P1 is pushed in while being in contact with the inner wall of the heating furnace 30, so that the atmosphere in the heating furnace can be sealed by the compression block P1 at the inlet of the heating furnace 30. Each time a new compression block is sequentially pushed, the compression block P1 moves toward the charging port 51 of the gasification melting furnace 50 while sliding in the heating furnace 30.

  As described above, the heating furnace 30 is heated from the outside, the temperature inside is raised, and the moisture in the compression block P1 is evaporated and dried in the process of moving and raising the temperature of the compression block P1. And the dried compression block P1 is the thermal decomposition part of this gasification melting furnace 50 from the inlet 51 of the gasification melting furnace 50 with this container sealing waste P0 in the state which clamped the container sealing waste P0 back and forth. Charged into 52 and supplied.

  The supply ratio between the container-closed waste P0 and the other waste-free compression block P1 in the compression process is the heat generated after the compression block P1 moves in the heating furnace 30 or is supplied to the thermal decomposition section. From the viewpoint of decomposition behavior and the like, it is preferable to supply the container-closed waste P0 to the compressed block P1 of other waste at 20% by weight or less.

  By the compression process for forming the compression block P1 as described above, the compression block P1 can be made dense so that the shape of the block can be maintained without breaking during movement in the heating furnace or supply to the thermal decomposition section. In a state where the waste accumulation layer Q is formed by the block P1 and the container-closed waste P0, a gap is formed between the compression block P1 and the container-closed waste P0 to form a flow path for gas rising, The gas flow in the waste accumulation layer Q can be made good through this gap. Furthermore, the amount of thermal energy generated by burning fixed carbon contained in other wastes formed as the compressed block P1 with the oxygen-containing gas is set to an amount sufficient to thermally decompose the container-closed waste P0. it can. Further, when the above-mentioned ratio is larger than 20% by weight and the supply amount of the container-closed waste P0 is increased, the amount of heat energy necessary for thermally decomposing the container-closed waste P0 and the hazardous waste contained therein is reduced. Since it may be difficult to obtain from other waste, it is not preferable.

  The compressed block P1 and the container-sealed waste P0 supplied into the thermal decomposition unit 52 form a waste accumulation layer Q as described above. In the waste accumulation layer Q, an oxygen-containing gas is supplied into the waste accumulation layer Q from a first oxygen-containing gas supply port 55 provided in the lower part of the thermal decomposition unit 52. As a result, combustibles such as fixed carbon in the waste are burned, and the volatile components of the container-closed waste P0 and the compressed blocks P1 of other wastes are volatilized and thermally decomposed by the thermal energy. By this thermal decomposition, the hazardous waste in the container-sealed waste P0 is thermally decomposed and rendered harmless. In addition, the waste is thermally decomposed to be gasified into carbon monoxide, hydrogen, hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, and the like, and the incombustible portion (metal, Ashes and the like are melted to produce a melt.

  Further, in the melting part 54 connected to the lower part of the thermal decomposition part 52, the melt is heated by the high-temperature combustion gas generated by combustion of the fuel gas supplied from the fuel gas supply port 57, and is contained in the melt. A small amount of carbon is removed by gasification, and the melt is discharged from the melt outlet 58 as molten slag and molten metal.

  In the present embodiment, when the hazardous waste is sealed in the container, the waste containing solid carbon or the solid fuel may be charged and sealed together.

  Moreover, it is preferable to charge the waste or solid fuel containing fixed carbon so that the amount of fixed carbon contained in the waste or solid fuel containing fixed carbon is 10% by weight or more of the ash content of the hazardous waste. This is because the fixed carbon contained in the waste or the solid fuel becomes a heat source when pyrolyzing the hazardous waste, and the thermal decomposition treatment of the hazardous waste can be performed more stably. At that time, if the lower limit of the fixed carbon amount is less than 10% by weight of the ash content of the hazardous waste, the calorific value as a heat source is small and there is no effect of stabilizing the thermal decomposition treatment of the hazardous waste. The upper limit of the amount of fixed carbon is not particularly defined, but if it is increased unnecessarily, the proportion of hazardous waste charged in the container decreases and the processing capacity decreases. . Here, examples of the solid fuel include coal, coke, and charcoal.

  When hazardous waste is sealed in a container, when the waste containing solid carbon or solid fuel is charged and sealed together, the fixed carbon contained in the waste or solid fuel pyrolyzes the hazardous waste. As compared with the case where only the hazardous waste is charged into the container, the supply ratio of the other sealed waste P0 containing no harmful substances in the compression process to the compression block P1 is increased. It is preferable to supply the container-closed waste P0 to the compressed block P1 of other wastes at 50% by weight or less.

  In the present invention, the hazardous waste may be sealed with a synthetic resin instead of sealing the container. For example, toxic waste is covered with a synthetic resin and sealed as it is or in a plastic bag. As a kind of synthetic resin, a thermosetting resin such as a phenol resin is preferable because it has a large amount of fixed carbon, and since it has a large amount of fixed carbon, it can be used as a thermal raw material when pyrolysis or melting incombustibles.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the hazardous waste can be safely and reliably rendered harmless without being scattered, and the container is formed of a compressed block formed of other waste that does not contain harmful substances. Since these sealed wastes or resin sealed wastes are sandwiched and sent to a gasification melting furnace and thermally decomposed in the gasification melting furnace, a large amount of hazardous waste can be efficiently detoxified. Furthermore, the space between the compression blocks before and after the container-sealed waste is sandwiched can be used in the height direction because the entire height in the cylindrical part can be used and can be determined freely in the front-rear direction. The allowable dimensions of the sealed container waste can be increased, and the processing capacity is improved accordingly.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hazardous waste processing apparatus 11 Hopper part 20 Compression apparatus 21 Cylindrical part 22 Compression means (compression head)
23 Compression support board 40 Container sealing device 50 Gasification melting furnace 52 Pyrolysis section 54 Melting furnace P0 Container sealed waste P1 (compression) block

Claims (6)

In a hazardous waste processing method for detoxifying hazardous waste with a vertical gasification melting furnace,
A container sealing process for sealing hazardous waste in a container to form a container-sealed waste;
A compression process in which a block is formed by compression molding other wastes that do not contain harmful substances in the compression space of the compression device;
A feed process in which the block and the container-sealed waste are fed together toward the vertical gasification melting furnace,
It comprises a gasification and melting process in which the sent block and container-sealed waste are pyrolyzed and gasified in a vertical gasification and melting furnace, and the pyrolysis residue and incombustible material are melted and discharged.
The container sealing step is performed outside the compression space,
The feed process is performed by pushing the block formed in the compression space forward, and the pressure smaller than the breaking pressure of the container sealed waste with respect to the container sealed waste formed outside the compression space and then placed in the compression space. Hazardous waste treatment, characterized in that the container-sealed waste is fed forward to the vertical gasification melting furnace in a state of being sandwiched between the front and rear blocks by alternately performing forward extrusion at Method.   2. The hazardous waste processing method according to claim 1, wherein the container sealing step charges and seals the container with waste containing solid carbon or solid fuel together with the hazardous waste.   The waste or solid fuel containing fixed carbon is charged so that the amount of fixed carbon contained in the waste or solid fuel containing fixed carbon is 10% by weight or more of the ash content of hazardous waste. The hazardous waste disposal method according to 2. In a hazardous waste processing method for detoxifying hazardous waste with a vertical gasification melting furnace,
A resin sealing process in which hazardous waste is hermetically sealed with synthetic resin to form resin-sealed waste;
A compression process in which a block is formed by compression molding other wastes that do not contain harmful substances in the compression space of the compression device;
A feed process in which the block and the resin-sealed waste are integrally fed to the vertical gasification melting furnace,
The block and the resin-sealed waste that have been sent are pyrolyzed and gasified in a vertical gasification and melting furnace, and a gasification and melting process is performed to melt and discharge the pyrolysis residue and incombustibles,
The resin sealing step is performed outside the compression space,
The feeding step is a pressure smaller than the pressure at which the block of the resin-enclosed waste is pushed forward and the resin-enclosed waste disposed outside the compression space and then placed in the compression space. Hazardous waste treatment, characterized in that the resin-sealed waste is fed forward to the vertical gasification melting furnace in a state of being sandwiched between the front and rear blocks by alternately performing forward extrusion at Method. In hazardous waste treatment equipment that detoxifies hazardous waste,
A container sealing device for sealing hazardous waste in a container to form a container sealed waste;
A compression device in which a cylindrical portion is formed as a compression space for compressing and molding other waste that does not contain harmful substances, and forming a block;
A vertical gasification and melting furnace that thermally decomposes and gasifies the sealed container waste and the block, melts and discharges the pyrolysis residue and incombustibles,
A heating furnace that has a space that allows the block to move forward from the cylindrical portion of the compression device to the vertical gasification melting furnace, and that heats the block in the space;
The container sealing device is provided outside the compression space;
In the compression device, a hopper that receives supply of container-sealed waste and other waste that does not contain harmful substances is provided at the lower portion thereof so as to be able to communicate with the cylindrical portion. Between the compression support plate provided at the front position toward the mold gasification melting furnace so that the opening on the downstream side of the upper part of the cylinder can be freely opened and closed, and the compression support plate at the closed position driven forward from the rear of the hopper. Compression means for compressing and compacting the waste material to form a block, and repeating the series of operations (a) to (d) below, and sandwiching the container-sealed waste material between the front and back blocks A hazardous waste treatment apparatus characterized by being fed forward toward a vertical gasification melting furnace in a state .
(A) After closing the compression support plate, another waste is supplied to the compression space, and the other waste is pushed forward toward the compression support plate by the compression means and compressed to form a block.
(B) Open the compression support plate and push the block forward by the compression means from the position of the compression support plate.
(C) Retracting the compression means, and then throwing the container-closed waste into the compression space, and with the compression support plate open, the container-closed waste is removed by the compression means from the burst pressure of the container-closed waste. Extrude to the position just after the block extruded with (b) with a small pressure.
(D) Retract the compression means. In hazardous waste treatment equipment that detoxifies hazardous waste,
A resin sealing device that seals and solidifies hazardous waste with synthetic resin to form resin sealed waste,
A compression device in which a cylindrical portion is formed as a compression space for compressing and molding other waste that does not contain harmful substances, and forming a block;
A vertical gasification and melting furnace that thermally decomposes and gasifies resin-enclosed waste and blocks, melts and discharges pyrolysis residues and incombustibles,
A heating furnace that has a space that allows the block to move forward from the cylindrical portion of the compression device to the vertical gasification melting furnace, and that heats the block in the space;
The resin sealing device is provided outside the compression space,
In the compression device, a hopper that receives supply of resin-sealed waste and other waste that does not contain harmful substances is provided in a lower portion thereof so as to be able to communicate with the cylindrical portion. Between the compression support plate provided at the front position toward the mold gasification melting furnace so that the opening on the downstream side of the upper part of the cylinder can be freely opened and closed, and the compression support plate at the closed position driven forward from the rear of the hopper. Compression means for compressing and compacting the waste material to form a block, and repeating the series of operations (a) to (d) below, Hazardous waste treatment apparatus characterized by being fed forward toward a vertical gasification melting furnace in a sandwiched state .
(A) After closing the compression support plate, supply other waste to the compression space, put other waste into the compression space, close the compression support plate, and then compress and support the other waste by the compression means A block is formed by pushing forward toward the board and compressing it.
(B) Open the compression support plate and push the block forward by the compression means from the position of the compression support plate.
(C) The resin sealing waste is thrown into the compression space after the compression means is retracted, and the resin sealed waste is released from the pressure of the resin sealed waste by the compression means with the compression support plate open. Extrude to the position just after the block extruded with (b) with a small pressure.
(D) Retract the compression means.

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