JP5555048B2 - X-ray inspection equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an X-ray inspection apparatus for detecting foreign matter mixed in an object to be inspected, such as meat, fish, processed food, and medicine, and in particular, X-rays irradiated from an X-ray generator and transmitted through the object to be inspected. The present invention relates to an X-ray inspection apparatus to be detected.

  For example, an X-ray inspection apparatus has been conventionally used to detect the presence or absence of foreign matter in an inspection object such as food. In this type of conventional X-ray inspection apparatus, an X-ray generator is disposed on the upper side of the apparatus body, and an X-ray detector is attached to a position below the conveyor belt below the X-ray generator. X-rays emitted from the generation unit are received by the X-ray detection unit.

  In this type of X-ray inspection apparatus, linear sensor modules that receive X-rays from the X-ray generation unit are arranged side by side in the transport direction with respect to one X-ray generation unit, and each X-ray generation unit receives each X-ray from the X-ray generation unit. An X-ray variable body that varies the quality of each X-ray reaching the line sensor is provided, and each X-ray having a different quality transmitted through the inspection object is detected by each sensor module, thereby transmitting these X-rays. It is known that the amount of foreign matter in an inspection object is detected by distinguishing it from foreign matter that easily transmits X-rays and foreign matter that does not easily transmit X-rays (for example, see Patent Document 1). For example, this X-ray inspection apparatus can detect only a foreign substance with high sensitivity by calculating a difference between a high energy image and a low energy image acquired by a plurality of sensor modules.

JP 2002-168803 A

  However, although the thing described in patent document 1 can detect a foreign material with high sensitivity, the output of the X-ray generated by the X-ray generation unit is equal to or higher than that of a conventional X-ray inspection apparatus. there were. For this reason, for example, compared with the case where the X-ray output is small, the X-ray exposure amount received by the object to be inspected is high, and the heat generation of the X-ray generation part during operation is large, so that a cooling means is necessary. There is a problem that it is not suitable for food inspection. In addition, there is a problem that the life of the X-ray generation unit is short and a problem that the apparatus becomes large in order to strengthen the shielding structure for preventing X-ray leakage.

  That is, if the output of the X-ray generated by the X-ray generator is reduced, the detection output of the X-ray detector is lowered, making it difficult to detect foreign matter with high sensitivity. In order to detect the sensitivity, the above-described problem has been caused by maintaining or increasing the output of X-rays.

  Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve the conventional problems as described above, and can detect foreign matter with high sensitivity even if the output of the X-ray generated by the X-ray generation unit is low. An object is to provide an inspection device.

An X-ray inspection apparatus according to the present invention includes an X-ray generator that irradiates an inspection object conveyed on a conveyance path with X-rays, and a main scanning direction orthogonal to the conveyance direction on a plane in the conveyance direction of the inspection object A plurality of detection element arrays each including a plurality of detection elements arranged in a straight line in the transport direction, and the detection data obtained from each detection element for each stage of the plurality of detection element arrays is synthesized by time delay integration. An X-ray detector that outputs combined data, a determination unit that determines the presence or absence of foreign matter in the inspection object based on the combined data output by the X-ray detector, and the thickness of the inspection object And the number of stages of the detection element rows to be subjected to time delay integration performed by the X-ray detector according to the thickness of the inspection object input by the thickness input means and characterized by comprising a stage number setting means for setting a That.

  With this configuration, the X-ray detector can detect X-rays with high sensitivity by synthesizing and outputting the detection data by time delay integration, so the output of the X-rays irradiated by the X-ray generator can be reduced. can do.

  Therefore, foreign matter can be detected with high sensitivity even if the output of the X-ray generated by the X-ray generator is low.

  Thereby, by reducing the output of X-rays emitted by the X-ray generator, the amount of X-ray irradiation to the object to be inspected and the heat generation of the X-ray generator are reduced, and the life of the X-ray generator is extended. The shielding structure for preventing wire leakage can be reduced in size.

  With this configuration, by performing time delay integration by the number of stages set by the stage number setting means, it is possible to suppress a reduction in the spatial resolution of the image of the synthesized data obtained from the X-ray detector.

  In addition, the X-ray inspection apparatus according to the present invention includes a thickness detection unit that detects the thickness of the inspection object and inputs the detected thickness to the thickness input unit.

  With this configuration, the thickness of the inspection object is detected without the user measuring and inputting the thickness of the inspection object.

  The present invention can provide an X-ray inspection apparatus capable of detecting a foreign substance with high sensitivity even when the output of the X-ray generated by the X-ray generator is low.

1 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of an X-ray inspection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the side surface and internal structure of the X-ray inspection apparatus which concern on one embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the X-ray detector of an X-ray inspection apparatus. It is a figure explaining the time delay integration of an X-ray detector and output data. It is a figure which shows the structure of the horizontal direction of an X-ray detector, and is a figure which shows the state in the middle of passage of a to-be-inspected object. It is a figure which shows the structure of the horizontal direction of an X-ray detector, and is a figure which shows the state in the middle of passage of a to-be-inspected object. It is a figure which shows the transition of the X-ray permeation | transmission path | route to a to-be-inspected object. It is a figure which shows the structure of the horizontal direction of a X-ray detector, and is a figure explaining the number of stages of time delay integration.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  First, the configuration will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the X-ray inspection apparatus 1 includes a transport unit 2 and a detection unit 3 inside a housing 4, and a display unit 5 at the upper front of the housing 4.

  The conveyance unit 2 sequentially conveys the inspection object W at a predetermined interval. This conveyance part 2 is comprised by the belt conveyor arrange | positioned horizontally inside the housing | casing 4, for example. The transport unit 2 serves as a transport surface for the inspection object W loaded from the carry-in port 7 at a transport speed set in advance by driving the drive motor 6 shown in FIG. 1 toward the carry-out port 8 side (X direction in the figure). The belt surface 2a is conveyed. A space passing through the belt surface 2 a from the carry-in entrance 7 to the carry-out exit 8 within the housing 4 forms a transport path 21.

  The detection unit 3 irradiates the inspection object W sequentially conveyed with X-rays in the inspection space 22 in the middle of the conveyance path 21 and detects X-rays transmitted through the inspection object W. 21 includes an X-ray generation unit 9 disposed at a predetermined height above an inspection space 22 in the middle of the 21 and an X-ray detector 10 disposed in the transport unit 2 so as to face the X-ray generation unit 9. Yes.

  An X-ray generation unit 9 as an X-ray generation source has a configuration in which a cylindrical X-ray tube 12 provided in a metal box 11 is immersed in insulating oil (not shown). X-rays are generated by irradiating an anode target with an electron beam from 12 cathodes. The X-ray tube 12 is arranged such that its longitudinal direction is the conveyance direction (X direction) of the inspection object W. The X-rays generated by the X-ray tube 12 are directed toward the lower X-ray detector 10 in a substantially triangular screen shape (see FIG. 3) by a slit (not shown) so as to cross the transport direction (X direction). It comes to be irradiated.

  As shown in FIG. 2, X-ray shielding shielding curtains 16 are suspended and arranged at a plurality of locations along the conveyance direction (X direction) on the ceiling portion 21 a in the conveyance path 21. The shielding curtain 16 is composed of a rubber sheet mixed with lead powder that shields X-rays and processed into a good shape (a state in which the upper part is connected and the lower part is divided into strips), and is conveyed from the inspection space 22. This prevents X-rays from leaking outside the housing 4 via the path 21. In the present embodiment, two shielding curtains 16 are provided between the carry-in entrance 7 and the inspection space 22 and between the examination space 22 and the carry-out exit 8, respectively. Even when a gap is generated due to elastic deformation due to contact with the inspection object W, the other shielding curtain 16 shields X-rays, so that leakage of X-rays can be prevented without exceeding the leakage reference amount. An inner space surrounded by the shielding curtain 16 in the conveyance path 21 constitutes an inspection space 22.

  The X-ray inspection apparatus 1 receives the X-ray transmission data from the X-ray detector 10 and displays and outputs a control unit 40 that inspects the presence or absence of foreign matter in the inspection object W, and the inspection results by the control unit 40. And a setting unit 45 for inputting various parameters and the like to the control unit 40.

  The control unit 40 includes a CPU, a memory, and the like. The control unit 40 stores a data received from the X-ray detector 10, and synthesizes various filters for the data read from the storage unit 42. An image processing unit 43 that performs image processing, and a determination unit 44 that determines whether the inspection object W is a foreign object from the image-processed data and determines whether or not foreign material is mixed.

  The setting unit 45 includes a plurality of keys and switches operated by the user, and performs setting input of various parameters and selection of operation modes to the control unit 40. Further, thickness information of the inspection object W is input from the setting unit 45 by a user operation. In addition, thickness information of the inspection object W detected by a thickness detection sensor 60 described later is input to the setting unit 45.

  In addition, the control unit 40 determines the number of stages of the detection element arrays 101 to 108 (see FIG. 3) to be subjected to time delay integration performed by the X-ray detector 10, and the thickness of the inspection object W input to the setting unit 45. A stage number setting unit 46 that is set based on the length information is provided.

  The display unit 5 is constituted by a flat display or the like, and displays the inspection result by the control unit 40. Further, the display unit 5 displays the pass / fail judgment result of the inspection object W with characters or symbols such as “OK” and “NG”, and sets the inspection results such as the total number of inspections, the number of non-defective products, and the total number of NGs as default settings. Or based on a request by a predetermined key operation from the setting unit 45.

  In addition, the X-ray inspection apparatus 1 includes a thickness detection sensor 60 that detects the thickness of the inspection object W in the transport path 21, and thickness information of the inspection object W detected by the thickness detection sensor 60. Is output to the setting unit 45. The thickness detection sensor 60 optically detects the thickness of the inspection object W or detects it using sound waves.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the X-ray detector 10 includes a plurality of detection elements 101 a in the Y direction perpendicular to the transport direction on the plane in the width direction, that is, the transport direction (X direction) of the object W to be transported. 101b, 101c,..., 102a, 102b, 102c,... Are arranged in a plurality of stages in the conveying direction and arranged as a line sensor. ing.

  X-rays that have passed through the inspection object W are incident on the X-ray detector 10, and detection elements 101 a, 101 b, 101 c,..., 102 a, 102 b, 102 c, ... Outputs X-ray transmission data based on the intensity of incident X-rays.

  Specifically, as an example, each detection element is composed of a scintillator (not shown) and a light receiving element such as a photodiode that are in close contact with each other. X-rays are converted into light by the scintillator, and this light is received by the light receiving element. It receives light, converts it into an electrical signal, and outputs it as X-ray transmission data. As another example, X-rays may be directly and efficiently converted into an electrical signal using a semiconductor such as cadmium telluride (CdTe).

  The X-ray detector 10 includes a combining unit 100a (see FIG. 2) that combines the X-ray transmission data output from the detection element arrays 101 to 108 by a predetermined number of stages by time delay integration and outputs the combined data. ing.

  Specifically, in FIG. 4, for example, when the synthesis unit 100 a synthesizes X-ray transmission data from the detection element arrays 101, 102, and 103 by time delay integration when the number of stages performing time delay integration is three, X-ray transmission data detected by the detection element array 101 at time T1, X-ray transmission data detected by the detection element array 102 at time T2, and X-ray transmission data detected by the detection element array 102 at time T3 are processed. The synthesis is performed with a delay so that the positions on the lower surface of the inspection object W coincide. The synthesizer 100a synthesizes X-ray transmission data for a predetermined number of stages among the detection element arrays 101 to 108 by time delay integration.

  As described above, the X-ray detector 10 combines the X-ray transmission data for a predetermined number of stages of the detection element arrays 101 to 108 by the time delay integration by the combining unit 100a, thereby detecting the X-ray detection sensitivity and The S / N ratio can be improved. Therefore, even if the X-ray output of the X-ray generation unit 9 is reduced, the foreign matter in the inspection object W can be detected with sufficient sensitivity. Therefore, by reducing the X-ray output of the X-ray generation unit 9, The amount of X-ray exposure received by the object to be inspected can be reduced, and the heat generation of the X-ray generation part during operation can be reduced, so that it is not necessary to separately provide a cooling means, which is suitable for food inspection. It can be set as an X-ray inspection apparatus. In addition, by reducing the X-ray output of the X-ray generation unit 9, the life of the X-ray generation unit 9 can be extended, and the apparatus can be downsized by simplifying the shielding structure for preventing X-ray leakage. can do.

  In the present embodiment, the X-ray detector 10 is described using an example in which the X-ray detector 10 is composed of eight stages of detection element arrays 101 to 108 for the sake of simplicity, but is limited to eight stages. It is not a thing.

  Here, the angle at which the X-rays pass through the inspection object W conveyed on the X-ray detector 10 is, for example, that the inspection object W passes directly below the X-ray generation unit 9 as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, which is a state after a lapse of a predetermined time from the state of FIG. 5 (for example, after 4 seconds), the inspection object W is positioned at a position downstream of the X-ray generation unit 9 in the conveyance direction. It differs depending on when it passes.

  When the angle of the X-ray transmitted through the inspection object W is different, as shown in FIG. 7, when the inspection object W being transported is viewed from the side, the lower surface of the inspection object W is used as a reference. The position of the X-ray transmitted through the center of the lower surface of the inspection object W changes on the upper surface of the inspection object W as the inspection object W is transported and moved on the X-ray detector 10. It will be.

  In FIG. 7, when the inspection object W passes just below the X-ray generation unit 9, the horizontal position where the X-ray passes through the lower surface of the inspection object W and the horizontal position where the X-ray passes through the upper surface are determined. However, when the inspection object W passes through a position other than the position directly below the X-ray generation unit 9, the horizontal position where the X-ray passes through the lower surface of the inspection object W and the horizontal position where the X-ray passes through the upper surface are determined. In contrast, the difference in transmission position increases as the inspection object W moves away from directly below the X-ray generation unit 9.

  For this reason, the image of the synthesized data obtained from the X-ray detector 10 can be increased in sensitivity and the S / N ratio can be improved while increasing the number of detection element rows to be synthesized by time delay integration, while the spatial resolution is improved. descend. Further, the synthesized data image obtained from the X-ray detector 10 has a lower spatial resolution as the thickness of the inspection object W increases. In other words, the greater the thickness of the inspection object W, the lower the contrast of the image obtained from the X-ray detector 10 and the more blurred the image becomes. The contrast is objectively measured as, for example, a value of MTF (Modulation Transfer Function).

  Therefore, in this embodiment, in order to suppress a decrease in spatial resolution, the number of stages for time delay integration among the eight detection element arrays 101 to 108 (see FIG. 3) is set as thickness information of the inspection object W. The stage number setting unit 46 is set based on the above.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 8, the thickness of the inspection object W is h, the distance from the X-ray generation unit 9 to the inspection object W is L, the number of steps on one side of the detection element arrays 101 to 108 is n, Assuming that the pitch of the detection element arrays 101 to 108 is p and the image deviation is Δx, the relationship between the image deviation Δx and the number n of one-side stages is expressed by an equation: Δx = hnp / Ld. For example, when the maximum allowable image shift 2Δx is set to 25% or less of the pitch p, the mathematical formula 2Δx = 2hnp / L ≦ 0.25p is solved, and the number n of one side is n ≦ L / 8h. That is, by setting the number n of one side so that n ≦ L / 8h, the maximum image shift 2Δx can be made 25% or less of the pitch p.

  Note that the pitch p is the distance between the centers of the detection element arrays 101 to 108, and the image shift Δx is the horizontal distance between the X-ray transmission position on the upper surface of the inspection object W and the X-ray transmission position on the lower surface. is there.

  In this way, the maximum allowable image deviation 2Δx is determined in advance, and the number n of one-side stages is set so as to satisfy this, thereby suppressing the reduction in the contrast of the image obtained from the X-ray detector 10. it can.

  The foreign substance detection operation of the X-ray inspection apparatus 1 having the above configuration will be described.

  The X-ray generator 9 irradiates the inspection object W with X-rays at an intermediate position where the inspection object W is conveyed by the conveyance unit 2. X-rays that pass through the inspection object W along with the irradiation of the X-rays are detected by the detection element arrays 101 to 108 in the X-ray detector 10 and are integrated with time delay by the synthesis unit 100a.

  As the thickness information of the inspection object W, the dimension (h) in the height direction of the inspection object W measured by the user is input from the setting unit 45 in advance, or the thickness detection sensor 60 performs the conveyance at the time of conveyance. The detected dimension (h) in the height direction of the inspection object W is input from the setting unit 45.

  The stage number setting unit 46 calculates the number of stages of time delay integration from the above equation of Δx = hnp / Ld based on the thickness of the inspection object W acquired from the setting unit 45, and calculates the number of stages to the X-ray detector 10. Is set in the combining unit 100a.

  The synthesizing unit 100a of the X-ray detector 10 synthesizes X-ray transmission data corresponding to the number of stages set by the stage number setting unit 46 among the X-ray transmission data detected by the respective detector element arrays 101 to 108 by time delay integration. .

  The combined data is stored in the storage unit 42, subjected to image processing by the image processing unit 43, and then determined by the determination unit 44 to determine whether the inspection object W and the foreign object are mixed. Is determined.

  When the dimension (h) in the height direction is not uniform due to the shape of the inspection object W, the maximum value (ha), the minimum value (hb), etc. are input by the setting unit 45, and the step number setting unit 46 may use the average value (hc) to set the number of stages of time delay integration.

  Further, the thickness detection sensor 60 may detect the thickness stage (h [n]: h [1] to h [5]) of the inspection object W. At this time, the stage number setting unit 46 sets the number of stages of time delay integration associated in advance with the detected thickness level (h [n]).

  As described above, the X-ray detector 10 according to the present embodiment includes the X-ray generation unit 9 that irradiates the inspection object W conveyed on the conveyance path 21 with the X-rays, and the conveyance direction of the inspection object W. The detection element arrays 101 to 108 including a plurality of detection elements 101a, 101b,... Arranged linearly in the main scanning direction (direction Y) orthogonal to the conveyance direction on the plane (direction X) are arranged in the conveyance direction. An X-ray detector 10 that has a plurality of stages, combines detection data obtained from each detection element for each stage of the plurality of detection element arrays 101 to 108 by time delay integration, and outputs combined data; and X-ray detector 10 And a determination unit 44 that determines the presence / absence of a foreign substance in the inspection object W based on the composite data output by the above.

  With this configuration, the X-ray detector 10 can detect X-rays with high sensitivity by synthesizing and outputting the detection data by time delay integration. Therefore, the X-ray generation unit 9 outputs X-rays. Can be reduced.

  Therefore, even if the output of the X-ray generated by the X-ray generator 9 is low, the foreign matter can be detected with high sensitivity.

  Thereby, by reducing the output of the X-rays irradiated by the X-ray generation unit 9, the X-ray irradiation amount to the inspection object W and the heat generation of the X-ray generation unit 9 are reduced, and the life of the X-ray generation unit 9 is reduced. The shielding structure for preventing X-ray leakage can be reduced in size.

  In addition, the X-ray detector 10 according to the present embodiment has a setting unit 45 that inputs the thickness information of the inspection object W, and the thickness information of the inspection object W that is input by the setting unit 45. And a stage number setting unit 46 for setting the number of stages of the detection element arrays 101 to 108 to be subjected to time delay integration performed by the X-ray detector 10.

  With this configuration, by performing time delay integration by the number of stages set by the stage number setting unit 46, it is possible to suppress a reduction in the spatial resolution of the composite data image obtained from the X-ray detector 10.

  The X-ray detector 10 according to the present embodiment includes a thickness detection sensor 60 that detects thickness information of the inspection object W and inputs the detected thickness information to the setting unit 45. And

  With this configuration, the thickness information of the inspection object W can be detected without the user measuring and inputting the dimension of the inspection object W in the height direction.

  As described above, the X-ray inspection apparatus according to the present invention has an effect that foreign matter can be detected with high sensitivity even when the output of the X-ray generated by the X-ray generator is low, and the X-ray generator It is useful as an X-ray inspection apparatus that detects X-rays that are irradiated and transmitted through the inspection object.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 X-ray inspection apparatus 2 Conveyance part 2a Belt surface 3 Detection part 4 Case 5 Display part 6 Drive motor 7 Carry-in port 8 Carry-out port 9 X-ray generation part (X-ray generator)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 X-ray detector 11 Box 12 X-ray tube 16 Shielding curtain 21 Transport path 21a Ceiling part 22 Inspection space 40 Control part 42 Storage part 43 Image processing part 44 Determination part (determination means)
45 Setting section (thickness input means)
46 Stage number setting unit (stage number setting means)
60 Thickness detection sensor (thickness detection means)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100a Synthesis | combination part 101-108 Detection element row | line | column 101a-108a, 101b-108b, ... Detection element W Inspected object

Claims (2)

An X-ray generator (9) for irradiating the inspection object (W) transported on the transport path (21) with X-rays;
Detection comprising a plurality of detection elements (101a, 101b,...) Arranged linearly in the main scanning direction (direction Y) orthogonal to the conveyance direction on the plane of the inspection object in the conveyance direction (direction X). X-rays having a plurality of element rows (101 to 108) in the transport direction, and synthesizing detection data obtained from each detection element for each stage of the plurality of detection element rows by time delay integration and outputting synthesized data A detector (10);
Determination means (44) for determining the presence or absence of foreign matter in the inspection object based on the composite data output by the X-ray detector;
A thickness input means (45) for inputting the thickness of the inspection object;
A stage number setting means (46) for setting the number of stages of the detection element array to be subjected to time delay integration performed by the X-ray detector according to the thickness of the inspection object input by the thickness input means. And an X-ray inspection apparatus . The X-ray inspection apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a thickness detection unit (60) for detecting the thickness of the inspection object and inputting the detected thickness to the thickness input unit.

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