JP5547029B2 - Building damage evaluation method and building damage evaluation apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a building damage evaluation method and a building damage evaluation apparatus for evaluating building damage against disturbances such as earthquakes.

  When a building is subjected to a disturbance such as an earthquake, it is necessary to evaluate the damage of the building against the disturbance by monitoring the behavior of the building during the disturbance and to grasp the extent of the damage as soon as possible. As a method for evaluating the damage, for example, there is a method of directly measuring the distortion of the member and evaluating the damage of the member (see Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, Patent Document 3, Patent Document 4, and Patent Document 5). ). In addition, there is a method for evaluating the seismic performance of the entire building by measuring acceleration, velocity, etc. of each floor of the building and evaluating changes in the dynamic characteristics of the building (Patent Document 6, Patent Document 7, Patent Document 8, Patent) Reference 9 and Patent Reference 10). Moreover, the structure of the damage evaluation of the building by monitoring is proposed (refer patent document 11 and patent document 12). Moreover, as a method of measuring the displacement of each floor of the building, there is a method of measuring with an optical method with high accuracy (see Patent Document 13).

JP-A-6-180281 JP 2000-186944 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-177085 JP 2004-37351 A JP 2007-39879 A JP 2003-344213 A JP 2005-83975 A JP 2006-226716 A JP 2008-134182 A JP 2008-8810 A JP 2001-60207 A JP 2008-281435 A JP 2009-216402 A

  However, in the case of the method of measuring the damage of each member by measuring each member, in order to evaluate the damage of various members constituting the building by this method, it is necessary to measure each member to be evaluated with a measuring device. There is a huge number of measuring devices. Therefore, this method is limited to a method for evaluating damage of a specific member limited in practical use. In Patent Document 3, when the number of measuring devices is reduced, an estimation method based on a simulation using an analysis model is used in combination, but there is no mention of deterioration in evaluation accuracy due to analysis.

  Further, in the case of the method for evaluating the seismic performance of the entire building, the damage of individual members constituting the building is not evaluated, and the damage status of various members constituting the building cannot be grasped.

  Further, in the case of a method for evaluating damage by monitoring, Patent Document 11 describes a method of processing measurement data and the like, and Patent Document 12 describes that an interlayer displacement of a building is measured and used as a damage evaluation means. Has been. However, these Patent Documents 11 and 12 do not specifically disclose a method for evaluating damage of each member constituting a building.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a building damage evaluation method and a building damage evaluation apparatus that measure the displacement information of a building and evaluate damage of each member constituting the building.

The building damage evaluation method according to the present invention is a building damage evaluation method that evaluates building damage against disturbance, and is a displacement information measuring step that measures displacement information of the building against disturbance at one or a plurality of locations in the entire building. Then, using one or a plurality of displacement information measured in the displacement information measuring step as an input, a structural analysis is performed using a structural analysis model that dynamically represents the damage status of each member constituting the building, and the building is configured a simulation step of calculating the degree of damage of each member, and damage evaluation step of evaluating the degree of damage of each member is calculated in the simulation step, look including an output step for outputting the evaluation result in the damage evaluation step, mechanics The structural analysis model that expresses structurally is a structural analysis model that expresses rigidity, and is a structure that is executed in the simulation step. In the analysis, the stiffness matrix K is set from the structural analysis model according to the displacement vector x composed of the displacement information, and the equation of motion Kx = f is solved using the displacement vector x and the stiffness matrix K to obtain the restoring force vector f of the entire building. It is characterized by guiding .

  In this building damage evaluation method, first, in the displacement information measurement step, the displacement information (for example, the horizontal displacement amount and the vertical displacement amount) with respect to the disturbance is measured at one or a plurality of locations in the entire building. In the measurement of the displacement information, one or a plurality of measuring means are provided to such an extent that the state of displacement of the entire building against the disturbance can be grasped, and the measurement is performed by the one or more measuring means. Next, in the simulation step, structural analysis is performed using a structural analysis model with one or more measured displacement information as input, and the degree of damage (for example, the plastic modulus) of each member constituting the building is calculated. To do. The member whose degree of damage is calculated is a member to be evaluated (for example, a column, a beam, a wall, or a floor) among all the members constituting the building. The structural analysis model is a model that dynamically represents the damage state of each member (a member to be evaluated) constituting the building. Next, in the damage evaluation step, the degree of damage is evaluated for each calculated member. In the output step, the damage evaluation result for each member is output. As described above, the building damage evaluation method measures the displacement information of the entire building with respect to the disturbance, and performs structural analysis using the measured displacement information as an input, thereby accurately damaging each member constituting the building. The reliability of building damage assessment is high. By utilizing this highly accurate evaluation result, it can be used for disaster prevention plans such as understanding the soundness of buildings, evacuation plans, restoration plans, and business continuity plans (BCP) as soon as possible after an earthquake or other disturbance. . Further, since the building damage evaluation method only measures displacement information of the entire building, it is not necessary to individually measure each evaluation target member constituting the building, and the number of measuring means can be greatly reduced.

  In the building damage evaluation method of the present invention, the displacement information measurement step measures the maximum absolute value of the building interlayer displacement with respect to the disturbance, and the simulation step includes one or more interlayer displacements measured in the displacement information measurement step. It is preferable to calculate the degree of damage of each member constituting the building by performing the incremental displacement loading analysis using the structural analysis model of the incremental displacement loading analysis with the absolute value of the absolute value of the input as the input.

  In the displacement information measurement step of the building damage evaluation method, the absolute value of the absolute value of the interlayer displacement of the building with respect to the disturbance is measured. Therefore, only the data of the largest interlayer displacement during the disturbance can be obtained for one disturbance. In the simulation step, the maximum value of the measured absolute value of one or more interlayer displacements is input, and the incremental displacement loading analysis is performed using the structural analysis model of the incremental displacement loading analysis. Calculate the damage for each. Incremental displacement loading analysis is a technique that divides the maximum absolute value of the interlaminar displacement and analyzes each value incrementally incremented from the smallest divided value on the structural analysis model. In the step, the degree of damage of each member is calculated. As described above, the building damage evaluation method can reduce the data storage capacity and the calculation load because the input data in the structural analysis is small by performing the incremental displacement loading analysis with the maximum absolute value of the interlaminar displacement as an input. (Calculation time) can be reduced, and it can be used for judgments that require urgency after the end of a disturbance.

  In the building damage evaluation method of the present invention, the displacement information measurement step measures the interlayer displacement of the building at regular time intervals during the occurrence of the disturbance, and the simulation step includes one or a plurality of constant time times measured by the displacement information measurement step. It is preferable that the displacement loading analysis is performed using the structural analysis model of the displacement loading analysis with the interlayer displacement for each input as an input, and the degree of damage of each member constituting the building is calculated.

  In the displacement information measuring step of the building damage evaluation method, the interlayer displacement of the building is measured at fixed time intervals during the occurrence of disturbance. Therefore, the time history data of the interlayer displacement during the occurrence of the disturbance is obtained for one disturbance. In the simulation step, the displacement load analysis is performed using the structural analysis model of the displacement load analysis, using the measured inter-layer displacement at one or a plurality of fixed times as input, and damages of each member constituting the building are respectively detected. calculate. The displacement loading analysis is a technique of loading and analyzing the interlayer displacement at each time on a structural analysis model in sequence, and calculates the degree of damage of each member at each time step. In this way, the building damage evaluation method can perform detailed load analysis by using the displacement load analysis with the time history of the interlayer displacement as an input, so that detailed structural analysis can be performed with detailed data on the interlayer displacement during the occurrence of disturbances. Can be used for accurate damage assessment and accurate judgment after the end of disturbance.

The building damage evaluation apparatus according to the present invention is a building damage evaluation apparatus that evaluates building damage against disturbances, and each of the displacement information measuring means measures the displacement information of the building against disturbances at one or a plurality of locations in the entire building. Storage means for storing a structural analysis model that dynamically expresses the damage status of each member constituting the building, and one or a plurality of displacement information measured by the displacement information measurement means as inputs, and stored in the storage means A simulation means for performing a structural analysis using a structural analysis model, calculating a degree of damage of each member constituting the building, a damage evaluation means for evaluating a degree of damage of each member calculated by the simulation means, and a damage structural analysis model and an output means for outputting the evaluation result by the evaluation means, for mechanically representation is structural analysis model expressing the rigidity, stain In the structural analysis performed by the distribution means, the stiffness matrix K is set from the structural analysis model according to the displacement vector x consisting of the displacement information, and the equation of motion Kx = f is solved using the displacement vector x and the stiffness matrix K, and the entire building The restoring force vector f is derived .

  In the building damage evaluation apparatus according to the present invention, the displacement information measuring means measures the maximum absolute value of the interlayer displacement of the building with respect to the disturbance, the storage means stores the structural analysis model of incremental displacement loading analysis, and performs simulation. The means receives the maximum value of the absolute value of one or more interlayer displacements measured by the displacement information measuring means, and performs incremental displacement loading analysis using the structural analysis model of incremental displacement loading analysis stored in the storage means It is preferable to calculate the degree of damage of each member constituting the building.

  In the building damage evaluation apparatus according to the present invention, the displacement information measuring means measures the interlayer displacement of the building at regular intervals during the occurrence of the disturbance, the storage means stores the structural analysis model of the displacement loading analysis, and the simulation means The structure is constructed by performing displacement loading analysis using the structural analysis model of displacement loading analysis stored in the storage means, using one or more inter-layer displacements measured at certain time intervals as input by the displacement information measuring means. It is preferable to calculate the degree of damage of each member.

  The damage evaluation apparatus for each building described above operates in the same manner as the damage evaluation method for each building by each means constituting the apparatus, and has the same effect.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the damage of each member which comprises a building can be evaluated with high precision, without measuring each member of the evaluation object which comprises a building individually.

It is a schematic diagram of the damage evaluation method of this Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the damage evaluation apparatus which concerns on this Embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows the outline | summary of the simple type damage evaluation apparatus of 1st Embodiment, (a) is each floor displacement distribution of a building, (b) is a damage condition. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the simplified evaluation of the simplified damage evaluation apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows the outline | summary of the detailed type damage evaluation apparatus of 2nd Embodiment, (a) is a time history of the interlayer displacement of a building, (b) is the damage condition of a building. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of detailed type | mold evaluation of the detailed type | mold damage evaluation apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is an example of the object building which evaluated by the damage evaluation apparatus of this Embodiment, (a) is a reference | standard floor plan of a building, (b) is a frame drawing of one side of a building, (c) Is an axis diagram of the other side of the building. It is a damage evaluation result (maximum plastic modulus of a beam) at the time of performing simple type | mold evaluation with the simple type | mold damage evaluation apparatus of 1st Embodiment with respect to the object building shown in FIG. FIG. 7 is a damage evaluation result when a detailed type evaluation by the detailed type damage evaluation apparatus according to the second embodiment is performed on the target building shown in FIG. 7, (a) is a maximum plastic modulus of the beam, (b ) Is the cumulative plastic energy of the beam.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of a building damage evaluation method and a building damage evaluation apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the element which is the same or it corresponds in each figure, and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted.

  In the present embodiment, the present invention is applied to a building damage evaluation apparatus using a damage evaluation method based on displacement information in a building monitoring system against disturbance such as an earthquake. The damage evaluation apparatus according to the present embodiment measures the displacement information of the building with respect to the disturbance, performs structural analysis using the measured displacement information, and evaluates damage of each evaluation target member constituting the building. In this embodiment, there are two forms. The first embodiment is a simple damage evaluation apparatus using a simple damage evaluation method, and the second embodiment is a detailed damage using a detailed damage evaluation method. Evaluation device.

  First, the outline of the damage evaluation method according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the damage evaluation method of the present embodiment.

  In the damage evaluation method according to the present embodiment, the interlayer displacement (relative displacement between the lower and upper floors) of each layer of the building is measured as a response to the input of the disturbance such as an earthquake to the building. To do. Interlayer displacement includes a displacement in the minus direction and a displacement in the plus direction with the zero point of displacement as the center. In the present embodiment, a horizontal interlayer displacement is used as the interlayer displacement, and the horizontal two-dimensional interlayer displacement is detected. In particular, in the first embodiment, only the maximum value of the absolute value of the interlayer displacement obtained from the maximum value (plus value) or the minimum value (minus value) among the interlayer displacements measured for the disturbance is used. In the second embodiment, an inter-layer displacement time history consisting of inter-layer displacements at fixed time intervals between the respective layers measured during the occurrence of a disturbance is used. FIG. 1 shows a seismic motion T input to a 12-story building, and shows a time history DH of interlayer displacement and a maximum absolute value DM of interlayer displacement as responses on the third floor of the building.

Next, in the damage evaluation method, the maximum value of the absolute value of the interlayer displacement or the time history of the interlayer displacement is input, and the structural analysis is performed using the structural analysis model of the building. Calculate damage. At this time, x is given to the equation of motion represented by Equation (1), the equation of motion is solved, and the stress and strain of each part of each member to be evaluated are calculated. In equation (1), x (input value) is a displacement vector consisting of the displacement of each layer of the building (incremental displacement at each displacement incremental step obtained by dividing the maximum absolute value of interlayer displacement of each layer or in the time history of interlayer displacement of each layer) (Displacement between layers at each time step), K (known) is a stiffness matrix, and f is a restoring force vector applied to each floor of the building constituted by disturbances such as earthquakes, inertial forces and damping forces of each floor of the building. As for the rigidity of the building, the restoring force characteristic and the hysteresis characteristic corresponding to the interlayer displacement are determined for each member constituting the building. The stiffness matrix K is a matrix composed of each stiffness for all members to be evaluated. Therefore, the state of the stiffness matrix K is determined by the displacement vector x of the input value, the stiffness matrix K varies according to the variation of the displacement vector x of each layer, and the variation of the stiffness matrix K is evaluated. The members to be evaluated are mainly structural members that constitute a building. The structural member is, for example, a pillar, a beam, a wall, or a floor, and the non-structural member is, for example, a partition wall, a window, glass, or a curtain wall. In FIG. 1, the stiffness matrix K defines a curve C indicating the relationship between the interlayer displacement and the shear force of the layer. When the interlayer displacement (corresponding to the displacement vector x) is input, the value of the stiffness matrix K is The layer shear force (corresponding to the restoring force vector f) can be derived.

Incidentally, in the conventional structural analysis, the equation of motion shown by the equation (2) was used. In Equation (2), M is a building mass matrix, C is an attenuation matrix, K is a stiffness matrix, x is a displacement vector of each floor of the building, and a first-order derivative of x is a velocity vector of each floor. Yes, the second-order differential of x is the acceleration vector of each floor, and w is the external force vector that a disturbance such as an earthquake gives to each floor of the building. Conventionally, a method is generally used in which w (for example, an inertial force obtained from a measured value of ground motion) is given to the second-order differential equation of Equation (2), and the second-order differential equation is sequentially solved on the time history. In that case, in addition to information on w, information on the mass, attenuation, and rigidity of the building is essential, and in order to ensure analysis accuracy, the rigidity matrix K is non-structured together with information on the structural members constituting the building. Information on the influence of the rigidity of the member is also required.

  Next, in the damage evaluation method, it is determined whether or not the damage is based on the stress and strain of each part of each evaluation target member calculated in each step in the structural analysis, and the degree of the damage is calculated. . In the damage evaluation method, the damage state of the building is specified using the damaged part and the damage degree, and the damage state and the like are displayed. FIG. 1 shows a damage state S in which a damaged portion is indicated by black circles P, P, P... In a schematic diagram of a 12-story building.

  As described above, in the damage evaluation method according to the present embodiment, the structural analysis is performed using the building displacement information, which is one of the responses of the building to the disturbance, so that each evaluation target member constituting the building can be evaluated. Assessing damage. In the damage evaluation method according to the present embodiment, the structural analysis model only needs information on the mechanical characteristics (rigidity, etc.) of each member to be evaluated for the building, and is related to the mass and attenuation of other buildings. Information is not necessary, and information regarding the degree of influence of members other than the evaluation target (for example, non-structural members) is not necessary regarding the rigidity. Therefore, it has high robustness with respect to analysis including modeling accuracy, and enables damage evaluation with greatly improved reliability.

  The simplified damage evaluation apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the damage evaluation apparatus according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an outline of the simplified damage evaluation apparatus according to the first embodiment, in which (a) is a displacement distribution of each floor of the building, and (b) is a damage state.

  The simple damage evaluation apparatus 1 measures the maximum value of the interlayer displacement absolute value of each layer with respect to disturbances such as earthquakes as building displacement information. Then, the simplified damage evaluation apparatus 1 uses the structural analysis model in which the incremental displacement loading analysis is set, with the displacement distribution of each floor of the building obtained from the maximum value of the absolute value of the interlaminar displacement of each layer as an input after the end of the disturbance. Carry out loading analysis and evaluate damage to the evaluation target components that make up the building. For this purpose, the simplified damage evaluation apparatus 1 includes a structural analysis model data storage device 10, a displacement measurement device 11, a simulation device 12, a damage evaluation device 13, and a damage status display device 14. The simplified damage evaluation apparatus 1 may be configured by incorporating application software for simplified damage evaluation into a general-purpose computer such as a personal computer, or may be configured as a dedicated apparatus.

  In the first embodiment, the structural analysis model data storage device 10 corresponds to the storage means described in the claims, and the displacement measurement device 11 corresponds to the displacement information measurement means described in the claims. The simulation device 12 corresponds to the simulation means described in the claims, the damage evaluation device 13 corresponds to the damage evaluation means described in the claims, and the damage status display device 14 described in the claims. It corresponds to output means.

  The structural analysis model data storage device 10 is configured in a specific area set in a memory device such as a computer and stores a structural analysis model. The structural analysis model is a building structural analysis model in which each member (eg, column, beam, wall, floor) to be evaluated for damage is replaced with an element that represents each mechanical characteristic (eg, stiffness, yield characteristic). is there. As a structural analysis model of a building, for example, there is one disclosed in a reference (by Muto Kiyoshi, dynamic design of a structure, Maruzen, 1977). In particular, the structural analysis model data storage device 10 stores a structural analysis model for incremental displacement loading analysis set at the time of design.

  The displacement measuring device 11 is a device that measures the maximum value of the interlayer displacement absolute value of each layer (each floor) against disturbances such as earthquakes. The displacement measuring device 11 includes a plurality of measuring devices provided at least one on every floor (including the rooftop floor) of the building. The measuring device on each floor calculates the horizontal (two-dimensional) displacement of the floor (beam) on that floor. The displacement measuring device 11 acquires the interlayer displacement of each layer using the measurement values respectively measured by the measuring devices on each floor, and further acquires the maximum value of the interlayer displacement absolute value of each layer. The method for obtaining the maximum value of the absolute value of the interlayer displacement is, for example, storing the interlayer displacement calculated every fixed time during the occurrence of the disturbance, and the maximum or minimum value of the interlayer displacement from the stored after the disturbance The maximum value of the absolute value of the interlaminar displacement obtained from the above is extracted, or only the maximum value of the absolute value of the interlaminar displacement is stored every time the interlaminar displacement is calculated during the occurrence of the disturbance.

  The displacement measurement method includes, for example, an optical displacement meter using a phototransistor or a position detector (PSD [Position Sensitive Detector], etc.), video camera shooting, a dedicated jig or steel wire installed between the layers of the building, etc. There are a method of directly measuring the displacement of each layer of the building using a displacement meter or the like, and a method of calculating the displacement of each layer of the building by integrating data measured by an accelerometer or a speedometer installed on each floor of the building.

  The simulation device 12 is a processing device configured in a computer or the like. In the simulation device 12, the incremental displacement stored in the structural analysis model data storage device 10 with respect to each floor displacement distribution of the building obtained from the maximum value of the interlayer displacement absolute value of each layer of the building measured by the displacement measuring device 11. The incremental displacement loading analysis is performed by the structural analysis model of the loading analysis, and the degree of damage of each part of each evaluation target member constituting the building is calculated.

  Each floor displacement distribution of the building is a distribution in which the maximum values of the absolute values of interlayer displacement of all the floors of the building are arranged in order. FIG. 3 (a) shows an example of the displacement distribution D of each floor of the building when seismic motion is input to a 12-story building. Data on each floor from the first floor to the 12th floor is arranged in the vertical direction. The maximum value of the interlayer displacement absolute value of each floor is distributed in the horizontal direction, and the maximum value of the 12 interlayer displacement absolute values arranged in the vertical direction is connected by a curve.

  Incremental displacement loading analysis is an incremental displacement distribution obtained by dividing the displacement (for example, 100 divisions) while maintaining the distribution shape of each floor displacement distribution of the building into the structural analysis model gradually (for example, 100 divisions). This is an analysis method for analyzing the state of a building model by loading an incremental displacement distribution (from 1 step to 100 steps).

  Specifically, for each step of incremental displacement, a displacement vector x is set from the incremental displacement distribution at that step. Next, a stiffness matrix K is set from the structural analysis model for incremental displacement loading analysis according to the displacement vector x. Next, using the displacement vector x and the stiffness matrix K, the equation of motion shown in Equation (1) is solved to derive a restoring force vector f for the entire building. And the analysis result of the whole building is decomposed | disassembled, and the stress or distortion of each site | part of each member of the evaluation object of each floor is calculated, respectively. For example, in the case of 100 divisions, the incremental displacement distribution is composed of values obtained by reducing the absolute value of the absolute value of the interlayer displacement of each layer to 1/100. The displacement distribution is composed of values obtained by doubling each value obtained by reducing the absolute value of the interlayer displacement of each layer to 1/100, and the incremental displacement distribution at the 100th step is the maximum of the absolute value of interlayer displacement of each layer. Consists of values.

  The damage evaluation device 13 is a processing device configured in a computer or the like. The damage evaluation device 13 evaluates the degree of damage of each part of each member to be evaluated calculated for each displacement step in the simulation device 12. Specifically, at each step of incremental displacement, it is determined whether the stress or strain calculated by the simulation device 12 has reached the assumed yield value for each part of each member of each layer. When the yield value is reached, it is determined that the part of the member of the layer is damaged, and the degree of damage (for example, the plasticity factor) of each part is calculated. The yield value is set in the structural analysis model stored in the structural analysis model data storage device 10, and is set for each member to be evaluated. In this way, by performing the determination in each displacement gradual increase step, it is possible to know from what displacement the member has reached the yield point. Furthermore, the damage part of each member, the degree of damage of each part, etc. for all the parts determined to be damaged based on the determination result in the final step of incremental displacement (input the maximum value of the absolute value of interlayer displacement of each layer) It is specified as the building damage status against disturbance. FIG. 3 (b) shows an example of a damage state S indicating damaged parts P, P, P... In a 12-story building. P, P...

  The damage status display device 14 is a display such as a computer. In the damage status display device 14, the damage location of each member to be evaluated specified by the damage evaluation device 13, the degree of damage of each portion, and the displacement distribution of each floor of the building obtained from the maximum absolute value of the interlayer displacement of each layer, etc. Display as evaluation results. In FIG. 3, as an example of display of the evaluation results, the damage distributions P, P, P... (As described above, damage to the beam) are shown in each floor displacement distribution D and a schematic diagram of a 12-story building. Damage status S.

  With reference to FIG. 2, the operation | movement in the simplified damage evaluation apparatus 1 is demonstrated along the flowchart of FIG. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a flow of simplified evaluation of the simplified damage evaluation apparatus according to the first embodiment.

  When a disturbance such as an earthquake is input to the building, the displacement measuring device 11 measures the maximum value of the interlayer displacement absolute value for each layer of the building (S10). In this measurement, only the maximum absolute value of the interlaminar displacement of each layer of the building is obtained after the disturbance.

  After the end of the disturbance, the simulation device 12 inputs the displacement distribution of each floor obtained from the maximum value of the absolute value of the interlayer displacement of each layer, and the structural analysis model in which the incremental displacement loading analysis stored in the structural analysis model data storage device 10 is set. Is used to perform incremental displacement loading analysis (S11). Here, for each step of gradually increasing displacement in the incremental displacement loading analysis, the above equation is used by using the displacement vector x set from the incremental displacement distribution obtained by dividing each floor displacement distribution and the stiffness matrix K set according to the displacement vector x. The equation of motion of (1) is solved, and the stress or strain of each part of each member to be evaluated for each layer is calculated. And in the damage evaluation apparatus 13, for each step of incremental displacement, it is determined whether or not the stress or strain of each part of each measured evaluation member of each layer has reached the yield value. When it reaches, it determines with having damaged, and calculates the damage degree (plasticity factor) of each site | part (S12).

  When the final step of the incremental displacement loading analysis is completed, the damage evaluation apparatus 13 specifies the damage status of the building with respect to the disturbance based on the final damaged portion of each member and the degree of damage of each portion (S13). Then, the damage status display device 14 displays the specified damage status of the building, each floor displacement distribution of the building, and the like as evaluation results (S14).

  According to the simplified damage evaluation apparatus 1, the displacement is not measured for each member to be evaluated, but the maximum value of the interlayer displacement absolute value of each layer is measured as the displacement information of the building, and the interlayer displacement absolute value of each layer is measured. Since the incremental displacement loading analysis is performed using the maximum value, damage to all members to be evaluated can be evaluated by a significantly smaller number of measuring devices as a method for measuring each member to be evaluated. In particular, according to the simplified damage evaluation apparatus 1, since the incremental displacement loading analysis is performed using only the maximum value of the absolute value of the interlayer displacement with respect to the disturbance, the input data in the structural analysis is small, and the data storage capacity in each apparatus And the calculation load (calculation time) can be reduced, and this can be utilized for an emergency judgment system at the end of a disturbance that requires quick display of damage evaluation results.

  Further, according to the simplified damage evaluation apparatus 1, the maximum value of the interlayer displacement absolute value of each layer of the building is measured, and the equation of motion of the equation (1) is obtained using the maximum value of the interlayer displacement absolute value of each layer of the building as an input value. Since the incremental displacement loading analysis is performed by solving the above, there is no need for information on the mass of the building, the attenuation, the degree of influence of the non-evaluated member, etc. other than the mechanical characteristics of the member to be evaluated. High robustness. Therefore, compared with simulation analysis that solves the second order differential equation (equation (2) equation of motion) for seismic input generally used in earthquake response analysis, etc. on the time history, the reliability in damage evaluation is greatly increased. Can be improved.

  Next, with reference to FIG.2 and FIG.5, the detailed damage evaluation apparatus 2 which concerns on 2nd Embodiment is demonstrated. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an outline of the detailed damage evaluation apparatus according to the second embodiment, in which (a) is a time history of interlayer displacement of a building, and (b) is a damage state of the building.

  The detailed damage evaluation apparatus 2 measures the inter-layer displacement of each layer at a certain time against disturbances such as earthquakes as building displacement information. The detailed damage evaluation apparatus 2 is a structural analysis model in which displacement loading analysis is set by inputting the time history of the interlayer displacement of each layer of the building obtained from the interlayer displacement of each layer at a certain time during or after the occurrence of the disturbance. The displacement loading analysis is carried out using, and the damage of the evaluation target members constituting the building is evaluated. Therefore, the detailed damage evaluation device 2 includes a structural analysis model data storage device 20, a displacement measurement device 21, a simulation device 22, a damage evaluation device 23, and a damage status display device 24. The detailed damage evaluation apparatus 2 may be configured by incorporating application software for detailed damage evaluation into a general-purpose computer such as a personal computer, or may be configured as a dedicated apparatus.

  In the second embodiment, the structural analysis model data storage device 20 corresponds to storage means described in the claims, and the displacement measurement device 21 corresponds to displacement information measurement means described in the claims. The simulation device 22 corresponds to the simulation means described in the claims, the damage evaluation device 23 corresponds to the damage evaluation means described in the claims, and the damage status display device 24 described in the claims. It corresponds to output means.

  The structural analysis model data storage device 20 is a device that stores a structural analysis model in the same manner as the structural analysis model data storage device 10 according to the first embodiment, and is a structural analysis model for displacement loading analysis set at the time of design. Is stored.

  The displacement measuring device 21 is a device that measures the inter-layer displacement of each layer at a certain time during the occurrence of a disturbance such as an earthquake. The displacement measuring device 21 includes a plurality of measuring devices provided at least one on every floor (including the rooftop floor) of the building. The measurement device on each floor calculates the horizontal (two-dimensional) displacement of the floor on the floor at a certain time. The displacement measuring device 21 acquires the inter-layer displacement of each layer using the measurement values respectively measured by the measuring devices on each floor at a certain time.

  The simulation device 22 is a processing device configured in a computer or the like. In the simulation device 22, the displacement stored in the structural analysis model data storage device 20 with respect to the time history of the interlayer displacement of each layer obtained from the interlayer displacement of each layer of the building at a certain time measured by the displacement measuring device 21. Displacement loading analysis is carried out by a structural analysis model of loading analysis, and the degree of damage of each part of each evaluation target member constituting the building is calculated.

The time history of the interlayer displacement of each layer of the building is time-series data for each fixed time with respect to the interlayer displacement of all the floors of the building. FIG. 5A shows an example of the inter-layer displacement time history DH ₁ ,..., DH ₈ ,... DH ₁₂ when earthquake motion is input to a 12-story building.

  The displacement loading analysis is performed at each time step (for example, from 1 step to 1000 steps in the case of a time history of 0.01 seconds for an earthquake of 10 seconds), and the interlayer displacement at each time in the time history of the interlayer displacement of each layer. Is an analysis method for analyzing the state of a building model by loading it on a structural analysis model.

  Specifically, for each time step, the interlayer displacement of each layer at that time is directly set to the displacement vector x. Next, the stiffness matrix K is set from the structural analysis model of the displacement loading analysis according to the displacement vector x. Next, using the displacement vector x and the stiffness matrix K, the equation of motion shown in Equation (1) is solved to derive a restoring force vector f for the entire building. And the analysis result of the whole building is decomposed | disassembled, and the stress or distortion of each site | part of each member of the evaluation object of each floor is calculated, respectively.

The damage evaluation device 23 is a processing device configured in a computer or the like. The damage evaluation device 23 evaluates damage of each part of each member to be evaluated calculated for each time step in the simulation device 22. Specifically, it is determined at each time step whether or not the stress or strain calculated by the simulation device 22 has reached the assumed yield value for each part of each member of each layer. When the yield value is reached, it is determined that the part of the member of the layer is damaged, and the degree of damage (for example, plasticity rate, cumulative plastic energy) of each part is calculated. The yield value is set in the structural analysis model stored in the structural analysis model data storage device 20, and is set for each member to be evaluated. In this way, by performing the determination at each time step, it is possible to know from what displacement the member has reached the yield point at what time after the occurrence of the disturbance. In addition, after the final time step is completed, the damage status and degree of damage of each evaluation target member constituting the building in the time history, the damage location and damage level of each evaluation target member at the end of the disturbance, evaluation The occurrence state of the maximum value of the absolute value of the damage degree obtained from the maximum value or the minimum value of the damage degree for each damaged part of each target member is specified as the damage state of the building against the disturbance. FIG. 5 (b) shows an example of a damage situation S _i indicating damage sites P, P, P... At a certain time i during the occurrence of disturbance in a 12-story building. The damaged part is indicated by black circles P, P, P.

The damage status display device 24 is a display such as a computer. In the damage status display device 24, the damage status of each member to be evaluated specified by the damage evaluation device 23 and the transition status of the damage degree in the time history and the transition status of each floor displacement distribution during the occurrence of disturbance (interlayer displacement of each layer) Time history), damage location and damage level of each member to be evaluated at the end of the disturbance, residual displacement distribution of each floor of the building at the end of the disturbance, and the maximum absolute value of the damage level for each damaged portion of each member to be evaluated And the maximum value distribution of the absolute value of the interlaminar displacement of each building are displayed as evaluation results. 5 shows the evaluation as a display example of the result, time history _DH 1 of each layer of interlayer displacement, · · _·, DH 8, site of injury time i in the schematic diagram of building · · · _{DH 12} and 12-story P, is P, damage situation showed the P ··· _{S i.} As for the damage status, the damage status S _i at time i, the damage status S _{i + 1} at time i + ₁ , the damage status S _{i + 2 at} time _{i + 2} ,...

  With reference to FIG. 2, the operation | movement in the detailed damage evaluation apparatus 2 is demonstrated along the flowchart of FIG. FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the flow of the detailed type evaluation of the detailed type damage evaluation apparatus according to the second embodiment.

  In the displacement measuring device 21, during the occurrence of a disturbance such as an earthquake, the interlayer displacement is measured for each layer of the building with respect to the disturbance at regular time intervals (S20). With this measurement, the time history of interlayer displacement is obtained for each layer of the building.

  During the occurrence of the disturbance or after the end of the disturbance, the simulation device 22 inputs the time history of the interlayer displacement of each layer (if the disturbance is occurring, the displacement measurement device 21 measures the interlayer displacement of each layer at every fixed time. The displacement loading analysis is performed using the structural analysis model in which the displacement loading analysis stored in the structural analysis model data storage device 20 is set (S21). Here, for each time step of displacement loading analysis, the displacement vector x set from the interlayer displacement of each layer at each time and the stiffness matrix K set according to the displacement vector x are used to express the above equation (1). The equation of motion is solved, and the stress or strain of each part of each member to be evaluated on each floor is calculated. In the damage evaluation device 23, for each time step, it is determined whether or not the stress or strain of each part of each measured evaluation member of each layer has reached the yield value, and the yield value has been reached. In such a case, it is determined that it is damaged, and the degree of damage (plastic rate, cumulative plastic energy) of each part is calculated (S22).

  When the final step of the displacement loading analysis is completed, the damage evaluation apparatus 23 specifies the damage status of the building against the disturbance based on the damage site for each member at each time step and the degree of damage of each site (S23). Then, the damage status display device 24 displays the specified damage status of the building and the time history of the interlayer displacement of each layer of the building as the evaluation result (S24).

  According to the detailed damage evaluation apparatus 2, the displacement is not measured for each member to be evaluated, but the interlayer displacement of each layer is measured at a certain time as the displacement information of the building, and the time history of the interlayer displacement of each layer is measured. Since the displacement loading analysis is performed using the method, it is possible to evaluate the damage of all the evaluation target members with a significantly smaller number of measuring devices than the method of measuring each evaluation target member. In particular, according to the detailed type damage evaluation apparatus 2, since detailed damage evaluation is performed by displacement loading analysis using the time history of the inter-layer displacement during the occurrence of the disturbance, a highly accurate evaluation result can be obtained. It can be used in a post-judgment system after the end of a disturbance that requires accurate display.

  Further, according to the detailed type damage evaluation apparatus 2, the interlayer displacement of each layer of the building is measured at a certain time, and the equation of motion of Equation (1) is solved by using the time history of the interlayer displacement of each layer of the building as an input value. Since the displacement loading analysis is performed, it has high robustness with respect to the analysis including the modeling accuracy, like the simplified damage evaluation apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment, and the second floor for the generally used earthquake input. Compared with a simulation analysis or the like that sequentially solves differential equations on a time history, the reliability in damage evaluation can be greatly improved.

  The evaluation result obtained from the simplified damage evaluation apparatus 1 and / or the detailed damage evaluation apparatus 2 described above is the determination of the degree of damage set for each member with respect to the damage status of each evaluation target member constituting the building. It can be used for disaster prevention planning and the like by comparing with the displacement criteria set for the standard and the displacement of the building. The criteria for determining the degree of damage include, for example, minor damage when the maximum value of the plastic modulus is 1 or more and less than 2, moderate damage when 2 or more and less than 4, and serious damage when 4 or more. There are judgment criteria to do. As a displacement judgment standard, for example, when the maximum value of the absolute value of the interlayer displacement of a building is 1/200 or more and less than 1/100, a malfunction in the building function occurs in that layer, and when it is 1/100 or more, the layer There is a criterion for the occurrence of malfunctions in building safety. As described above, by utilizing the evaluation results obtained from the simplified damage evaluation apparatus 1 and / or the detailed damage evaluation apparatus 2, the soundness of the building can be grasped, the evacuation plan, and the repair plan at an early stage after a disturbance such as an earthquake. It can be used for disaster prevention planning such as Business Continuity Plan (BCP).

  With reference to FIGS. 7 to 9, an example in which damage evaluation is performed by the damage evaluation apparatuses 1 and 2 according to the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 7 is an example of a target building that has been evaluated by the damage evaluation apparatus of the present embodiment, in which (a) is a reference floor plan of the building, and (b) is an axis diagram of one side of the building. (C) is a shaft assembly diagram of the other surface of the building. FIG. 8 is a damage evaluation result (maximum plastic modulus of the beam) when the simple evaluation is performed on the target building shown in FIG. 7 by the simple damage evaluation apparatus according to the first embodiment. FIG. 9 is a damage evaluation result when the detailed type evaluation by the detailed type damage evaluation apparatus of the second embodiment is performed on the target building shown in FIG. 7, and (a) is the maximum plastic modulus of the beam. Yes, (b) is the cumulative plastic energy of the beam.

  The building shown in FIG. 7 is a steel frame 8-story building that is seismically designed. The height of each floor is 4500 mm only for the first floor portion, and 3500 mm for the others. The length of one span in the building plane Y direction is 4200 mm. FIG. 8 shows an example of an evaluation result by the simple damage evaluation apparatus 1 when an EL CENTRO 1940 NS seismic wave normalized to a maximum speed of 50 cm / s is input to this building in the Y direction of the building. An example of the evaluation result by the apparatus 2 is shown in FIG.

  FIG. 8 shows the plasticity rates of the right and left ends of one span of each floor as evaluation results. In addition, FIG. 9 shows, as an evaluation result, (a) shows the maximum value of the plastic modulus absolute value of the right and left beams of one span of each floor at the end of the earthquake, and FIG. The accumulated plastic energy at the right end and the left end of one span is shown. When an evaluation result for such a plasticity rate is obtained, for example, a slight damage is caused for a portion where the maximum absolute value of the plasticity rate is 1 or more and less than 2, and a moderate damage is caused for a portion where the absolute value is 2 or more and less than 4. By determining that four or more parts are seriously damaged, it can be used for grasping the soundness of the building early after the earthquake. In this example, the lower floors are more severely damaged.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment which concerns on this invention was described, this invention is implemented in various forms, without being limited to the said embodiment.

  For example, in this embodiment, a simple type damage evaluation apparatus that performs incremental displacement loading analysis and a detailed type damage evaluation apparatus that performs displacement loading analysis are configured separately, but the evaluation and displacement by incremental displacement loading analysis (simple type evaluation method) You may comprise the damage evaluation apparatus which performs both evaluation by loading analysis (detailed type evaluation method).

  In the present embodiment, at least one measuring device for measuring the displacement in the horizontal direction is installed on each floor as the displacement measuring device, but a device for measuring the displacement in the vertical direction may be installed ( In this case, the damage evaluation in the vertical direction is also performed), a plurality may be installed on each floor, or a plurality of buildings as a whole (not the entire floor, the number of displacement states as a whole building is obtained, For example, two installations of the first floor and the rooftop floor, installation of three of the first floor, the rooftop floor, and the central floor, installation by skipping the first floor, and installation by skipping the second floor) may be possible. Moreover, although the measurement apparatus was installed in the floor part of each floor and the interlayer displacement was calculated from each displacement of the upper and lower floors, the measurement apparatus may be installed in the interlayer part to directly measure the interlayer displacement.

  In this embodiment, the damage evaluation result is displayed. However, other output methods such as printing the evaluation result on paper and outputting (transferring) the data indicating the evaluation result to another system may be used. .

  In addition, the damage evaluation according to the present invention can be applied to damage evaluation of equipment systems considering piping etc. as evaluation target members, damage evaluation of base isolation elements considering base isolation layers of base isolation buildings as target layers, etc. It is.

  In addition, the structural analysis model according to the present invention can be sequentially updated while reflecting the model set at the time of design while reconstructing or expanding a building or reflecting an actual monitoring result.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Simple type damage evaluation apparatus, 2 ... Detailed type damage evaluation apparatus, 10, 20 ... Structural analysis model data storage apparatus, 11, 21 ... Displacement measurement apparatus, 12, 22 ... Simulation apparatus, 13, 23 ... Damage evaluation apparatus, 14, 24 ... Damage status display device.

Claims (6)

A building damage assessment method for assessing building damage to disturbances,
A displacement information measuring step for measuring the displacement information of the building with respect to the disturbance at one or a plurality of locations in the entire building;
Each of the components constituting the building is subjected to a structural analysis using a structural analysis model that dynamically expresses the damage status of each member constituting the building, using one or a plurality of displacement information measured in the displacement information measuring step as an input. A simulation step for calculating the degree of damage to the member;
A damage evaluation step for evaluating the degree of damage of each member calculated in the simulation step;
Look including an output step for outputting the evaluation result in the damage evaluation step,
The structural analysis model that expresses dynamically is a structural analysis model that expresses rigidity,
In the structural analysis performed in the simulation step, a stiffness matrix K is set from the structural analysis model in accordance with the displacement vector x that is the displacement information, and the equation of motion Kx = f using the displacement vector x and the stiffness matrix K. A damage evaluation method for a building, wherein the restoring force vector f of the entire building is derived by solving The displacement information measurement step measures the maximum absolute value of the interlayer displacement of the building against disturbance,
In the simulation step, the maximum displacement absolute value of one or more interlayer displacements measured in the displacement information measurement step is input, and the incremental displacement loading analysis is performed using the structural analysis model of the incremental displacement loading analysis. The damage evaluation method for a building according to claim 1, wherein the degree of damage of each component member is calculated. The displacement information measuring step measures the interlayer displacement of the building at regular time intervals during the occurrence of disturbance,
Each of the members constituting the building performs the displacement loading analysis using the structural analysis model of the displacement loading analysis with the one or a plurality of interlayer displacements at a certain time measured in the displacement information measuring step as an input. The damage evaluation method for a building according to claim 1, wherein the damage degree of the building is calculated. A building damage evaluation apparatus for evaluating damage to a building against disturbance,
Displacement information measuring means for measuring the displacement information of the building against disturbances at one or a plurality of locations in the entire building,
Storage means for storing a structural analysis model that mechanically expresses the damage status of each member constituting the building;
Using one or more displacement information measured by the displacement information measuring means as an input, structural analysis is performed using a structural analysis model stored in the storage means, and the degree of damage of each member constituting the building is calculated. Simulation means to
Damage evaluation means for evaluating the degree of damage of each member calculated by the simulation means;
Output means for outputting an evaluation result by the damage evaluation means ,
The structural analysis model that expresses dynamically is a structural analysis model that expresses rigidity,
In the structural analysis performed by the simulation means, a stiffness matrix K is set from the structural analysis model according to the displacement vector x composed of the displacement information, and the equation of motion Kx = f using the displacement vector x and the stiffness matrix K. A damage evaluation apparatus for a building characterized in that the restoring force vector f of the entire building is derived by solving The displacement information measuring means measures the maximum value of the absolute value of the interlayer displacement of the building against disturbance,
The storage means stores a structural analysis model of incremental displacement loading analysis,
The simulation means receives the maximum value of the absolute value of one or more interlayer displacements measured by the displacement information measurement means as an input, and gradually increases displacement using a structural analysis model of incremental displacement loading analysis stored in the storage means 5. The building damage evaluation apparatus according to claim 4, wherein a load analysis is performed to calculate a degree of damage of each member constituting the building. The displacement information measuring means measures the interlayer displacement of the building at regular time intervals during the occurrence of disturbance,
The storage means stores a structural analysis model for displacement loading analysis,
The simulation means performs displacement loading analysis using a structural analysis model of displacement loading analysis stored in the storage means, with one or more interlayer displacements measured at a certain time interval measured by the displacement information measuring means as an input. 6. The damage evaluation apparatus for a building according to claim 4, wherein the damage degree of each member constituting the building is calculated.

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