JP5540872B2 - Power supply - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a power supply apparatus that supplies DC power.

  In recent years, in order to realize a low-carbon society, research on hybrid vehicles (HV: Hybrid Vehicle) using both an engine and a motor as a power generation source and electric vehicles (EV: Electric Vehicle) using only a motor as a power generation source has been active. Has been done. These hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles use secondary batteries such as rechargeable lithium ion secondary batteries. The secondary battery provided in the electric vehicle is basically charged using an external power supply device. Among hybrid vehicles, what is called a plug-in hybrid vehicle can charge a secondary battery using an external power supply device in the same manner as an electric vehicle.

  A power supply device used for charging a secondary battery provided in the above-described electric vehicle or the like includes a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) converter, a PWM inverter, and a rectifier, and a commercial AC power supply having a voltage of 200V To generate DC power necessary for charging the secondary battery. Here, since the secondary battery provided in the electric vehicle or the like is in an electrically floating state without being grounded, the power supply device uses a transformer for insulating the secondary battery and the commercial AC power supply of the PWM converter. Prepare for the input side. However, since the frequency of the commercial AC power supply is as low as 50 Hz or 60 Hz and a large transformer is required, there is a problem that the power supply device is enlarged.

  Here, in order to reduce the size of the power supply device, a small transformer may be used as a matter of course, but for this purpose, it is necessary to increase the frequency of the alternating current input to the primary side of the transformer. In Patent Document 1 below, a high-frequency link type inverter that converts a DC power source into a high-frequency output is provided on the primary side of the transformer, and a rectifier circuit or the like is provided on the secondary side of the transformer to perform voltage conversion of the DC power source. A DC / DC converter is disclosed. In this DC / DC converter, since the AC wave output converted by the inverter is input to the primary side of the transformer, it is considered that a small transformer can be used.

JP 2001-197733 A

  By the way, if the DC / DC converter disclosed in Patent Document 1 described above is applied to the above power supply device, it is possible to use a small transformer, and thus it is considered that the power supply device can be downsized. However, in the DC / DC converter disclosed in the cited document 1, the output voltage on the secondary side of the transformer is almost determined by the winding ratio between the primary side winding and the secondary side winding. For this reason, even if the DC / DC converter disclosed in the cited document 1 can be applied to the power supply device, there is a problem that the variable width of the output voltage is narrow.

  If the voltage of the secondary battery used in an electric vehicle or the like is constant, no problem occurs even if the variable width of the output voltage of the power supply device is narrow. However, the voltage of the secondary battery varies for each manufacturer such as an electric vehicle, and it is assumed that a voltage within the range of about 50 to 500 V is used. For this reason, a power supply device used for charging a secondary battery provided in an electric vehicle or the like needs to have a variable output voltage over the wide voltage range described above.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a small-sized power supply device whose output voltage is variable over a wide voltage range.

In order to solve the above problems, a power supply device of the present invention is a power supply device (1) that generates DC power from a commercial AC power supply (PS), and includes a primary winding (14a) and a plurality of secondary windings. A high-frequency transformer (14) including wires (14b, 14c), a converter (11) provided on the primary side of the high-frequency transformer, which converts AC power supplied from the commercial AC power source into DC power, and the high-frequency transformer A first power conversion circuit (12) that is connected to the primary side winding of the transformer and the converter and performs conversion between DC power and AC power and a plurality of secondary side windings included in the high-frequency transformer are switched. A switch (15) and a second power conversion circuit (16) that is connected to the secondary winding of the high-frequency transformer via the switch and performs conversion between DC power and AC power. As That.
Moreover, the power supply device of the present invention is characterized in that the switching unit switches whether a plurality of secondary windings included in the high-frequency transformer are connected in series or connected in parallel.
In the power supply device of the present invention, the plurality of secondary windings included in the high-frequency transformer have the same number of windings.
In the power supply device of the present invention, the high frequency transformer is characterized in that the step-up ratio on the secondary side with respect to the primary side is set to 1.
In the power supply device of the present invention, the first power conversion circuit is connected to a primary side winding of the high-frequency transformer via a reactor (13).

  According to the present invention, the converter and the first power conversion circuit are arranged on the primary side of the high-frequency transformer, and the second power conversion circuit is arranged on the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer to convert the DC power into the high-frequency AC power. Thus, power is transferred between the primary side and the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer. In addition, the connection relationship of a plurality of secondary windings provided in the high-frequency transformer can be switched by a switch. Thereby, there is an effect that the output voltage can be changed over a wide voltage range while being small.

It is a circuit diagram which shows the principal part structure of the power supply device by one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the connection relation of the secondary side coil | winding of the high frequency transformer with which the power supply device by one Embodiment of this invention is provided. It is the circuit diagram which extracted a part of power supply device by one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the example of control of the power converter circuit with which the power supply device by one Embodiment of this invention is provided.

  Hereinafter, a power supply device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a main configuration of a power supply device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the power supply device 1 of the present embodiment includes a converter 11, a power conversion circuit 12 (first power conversion circuit), a reactor 13, a high-frequency transformer 14, a switch 15, and a power conversion circuit 16 (second power conversion). Circuit) and a capacitor 17, and generates DC power from AC power (for example, three-phase AC power whose voltage is 200V) supplied from the commercial AC power source PS.

  The DC power generated by the power supply device 1 is output to the outside from the output terminals T1 and T2 connected to the respective electrodes of the capacitor 17, for example, a lithium ion secondary battery connected between the output terminals T1 and T2. Used to charge the secondary battery B. Here, the power supply device 1 of the present embodiment is capable of not only transferring power from the primary side to the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer 14 but also transferring power from the secondary side to the primary side of the high-frequency transformer 14. However, in the following, in order to simplify the description, a case where power is transferred from the primary side to the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer 14 will be mainly described.

  The converter 11 includes diodes 21a to 21f and a capacitor 22, and converts the three-phase AC power supplied from the commercial AC power PS into DC power. The diodes 21a to 21f constitute a three-phase full-wave rectifier circuit, and rectify three-phase AC power supplied from the commercial AC power source PS. The capacitor 22 is connected in parallel to the three-phase full-wave rectifier circuit configured by the diodes 21a to 21f, and smoothes the power rectified by the three-phase full-wave rectifier circuit and converts it into DC power.

  The power conversion circuit 12 includes transistors 23a to 23d and diodes 24a to 24d, converts the DC power converted by the converter 11 into AC power, and outputs the AC power to the reactor 13 side. The power conversion circuit 12 can also convert AC power input from the reactor 13 side into DC power and output the DC power to the converter 11. The transistors 23a to 23d are bipolar transistors, and an on state and an off state are controlled by a control circuit (not shown). It should be noted that FET transistors (Field Effect Transistors) can be used as the transistors 23a to 23d.

  Transistors 23a and 23b have collector electrodes connected to one electrode of capacitor 22 provided in converter 11, and emitter electrodes connected to collector electrodes of transistors 23c and 23d, respectively. Transistors 23 c and 23 d have emitter electrodes connected to the other electrode of capacitor 22 provided in converter 11. Base electrodes of these transistors 23a to 23d are connected to a control circuit (not shown). The diodes 24a to 24d are connected between the collectors and emitters of the transistors 23a to 23d, respectively.

  By causing each of the transistors 23a to 23d to perform a switching operation (for example, a PWM switching operation) according to a preset rule, the DC power from the converter 11 is converted into AC power and output to the reactor 13 side. On the other hand, when AC power is supplied from the reactor 13 side when all of the transistors 23a to 23d are off, the AC power is rectified by the diodes 24a to 24d and output to the converter 11.

  One end of the reactor 13 is connected to a connection point between the emitter electrode of the transistor 23b and the collector electrode of the transistor 23d, and the other end is connected to one end of the primary winding 14 provided in the high-frequency transformer 14. That is, the power conversion circuit 12 described above is connected to the primary winding 14 of the high-frequency transformer 14 via the reactor 13. This reactor 13 is provided to adjust the power factor. The other end of the primary winding 14a is connected to a connection point between the emitter electrode of the transistor 23a and the collector electrode of the transistor 23c.

  The high-frequency transformer 14 includes the above-described primary side winding 14a and a plurality of secondary side windings 14b and 14c. The winding specifications of the secondary windings 14b and 14c provided in the high-frequency transformer 14 are the same. That is, the secondary windings 14b and 14c are set to have the same thickness, cross-sectional shape, number of windings, and the like. The high-frequency transformer 14 has a secondary step-up ratio set to 1 with respect to the primary side. Accordingly, the high-frequency transformer 14 is induced in the secondary windings 14b and 14c by substantially the same voltage as the voltage applied to the primary side thereof. By providing the high-frequency transformer 14, the commercial AC power source PS and the secondary battery B are insulated.

  The switch 15 switches the connection relationship between the secondary windings 14b and 14c included in the high-frequency transformer 14. Specifically, the secondary windings 14b and 14c are switched in series or in parallel under the control of a control circuit (not shown). FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a connection relationship of secondary windings of a high-frequency transformer included in the power supply device according to the embodiment of the present invention. 2A is a diagram illustrating a state in which the secondary side windings 14b and 14c of the high-frequency transformer 14 are connected in parallel, and FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating the secondary-side windings 14b and 14c of the high-frequency transformer 14. It is a figure which shows the state by which they were connected in series.

  As described above, the secondary side windings 14b and 14c of the high-frequency transformer 14 are set to have the same winding specifications, and the same voltage is induced in each of them. Here, when the voltage induced in each of the secondary windings 14b and 14c is V, the input voltage of the power conversion circuit 16 is V when the parallel connection shown in FIG. Thus, when the series connection shown in FIG. 2B is performed, the input voltage of the power conversion circuit 16 is 2V. Since the output voltage of the power supply device 1 appearing between the output terminals T1 and T2 depends on the input power of the power conversion circuit 16, in this embodiment, the output voltage of the power supply device 1 can be changed only by switching by the switch 15. Can be easily changed.

  The power conversion circuit 16 includes transistors 25a to 25d and diodes 26a to 26d, and is connected to the secondary windings 14b and 14c of the high-frequency transformer 14 via the switch 15, and from the primary side of the high-frequency transformer 14. The AC power transferred to the secondary side is converted into DC power and output. The power conversion circuit 16 can also convert DC power supplied from the capacitor 17 side into AC power and output it to the switch 15 (secondary windings 14b and 14c of the high-frequency transformer 14). . The transistors 25a to 25d are bipolar transistors similarly to the transistors 23a to 23d provided in the power conversion circuit 12, and are turned on and off by a control circuit (not shown). Note that FET transistors may be used as the transistors 25a to 25d.

  Transistors 25a and 25b have collector electrodes connected to one electrode of capacitor 17, and emitter electrodes connected to collector electrodes of transistors 25c and 25d, respectively. In addition, the emitter electrodes of the transistors 25 c and 25 d are connected to the other electrode of the capacitor 17. The base electrodes of the transistors 25a to 25d are connected to a control circuit (not shown) similarly to the base electrodes of the transistors 23a to 23d. The diodes 26a to 26d are connected between the collectors and emitters of the transistors 25a to 25d, respectively.

  As shown in FIG. 2A, when the secondary windings 14b and 14c of the high-frequency transformer 14 are connected in parallel by the switch 15, the connection point between the emitter electrode of the transistor 25a and the collector electrode of the transistor 25c. One end of each of the secondary side windings 14b and 14c is connected together, and the other end of each of the secondary side windings 14b and 14c is connected to a connection point between the emitter electrode of the transistor 25b and the collector electrode of the transistor 25d. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2B, when the secondary windings 14b and 14c of the high-frequency transformer 14 are connected in series by the switch 15, the emitter electrode of the transistor 25a and the collector electrode of the transistor 25c. Only one end of the secondary side winding 14b is connected to the connection point between and the other end of the secondary side winding 14c is connected to the connection point between the emitter electrode of the transistor 25b and the collector electrode of the transistor 25d.

  Each of the transistors 25a to 25d is subjected to a switching operation (for example, PWM switching operation) according to a preset rule, whereby the DC power supplied from the capacitor 17 side is converted into AC power, and the switch 15 (the high-frequency transformer 14). Secondary windings 14b and 14c). On the other hand, when the AC power is transferred from the primary side to the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer 14 when all the transistors 25a to 25d are in the off state, the AC power is rectified by the diodes 26a to 26d and the capacitor 17 Output to the side. The capacitor 17 is connected between the output terminals T1 and T2 of the power supply device 1 and smoothes the power rectified by the power conversion circuit 16 and converts it into DC power.

  Here, in the power supply device 1 of the present embodiment, when the power conversion circuits 12 and 16 provided on the primary side and the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer 14 are controlled with a predetermined relationship, the secondary power supply from the primary side of the high-frequency transformer 14 It is possible to control the power transferred to the side or the amount of power transferred from the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer 14 to the primary side. FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram in which a part of a power supply device according to an embodiment of the present invention is extracted. In FIG. 3, for simplicity of explanation, the switch 15 is omitted, and the secondary side windings 14 a and 14 b of the high frequency transformer 14 are collectively referred to as a secondary side winding C. The circuit shown in FIG. 3 is a DC / DC converter capable of mutually converting DC power accumulated between the capacitor 22 and the capacitor 17.

  Consider a case where the power conversion circuits 12 and 16 are controlled with the relationship shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a control example of the power conversion circuit included in the power supply device according to the embodiment of the present invention. That is, the transistors 23a to 23d provided in the power conversion circuit 12 are switched so that the voltage V1 illustrated in FIG. 4 appears at the output terminal of the power conversion circuit 12, and the voltage V2 illustrated in FIG. The transistors 25a to 25d provided in the power conversion circuit 16 are switched as shown in FIG.

When the transistors 23a to 23d of the voltage conversion circuit 12 and the transistors 25a to 25d of the voltage conversion circuit 16 are switched so that the voltages V1 and V2 shown in FIG. 4 appear, the high frequency transformer 14 is switched from the primary side to the secondary side. The amount of power P to be transferred is represented by the following equation (1).
P = V1 · V2 / (2πfs · L) × φ (1−φ / π) (1)
However, the variable L in the above equation (1) is the inductance of the reactor 13, the variable fs is the frequency of the voltages V1 and V2, and the variable φ is the phase lag of the voltage V2 with respect to the voltage V1.

  That is, it can be seen from the above equation (1) that the amount of power transferred from the primary side to the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer 14 can be easily controlled only by controlling the phase delay φ of the voltage V2 with respect to the voltage V1. . Even when power is transferred from the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer 14 to the primary side, the amount of power can be controlled similarly only by controlling the phase delay φ of the voltage V2 with respect to the voltage V1. However, in this case, it is necessary to control so that the phase delay of the voltage V1 with respect to the voltage V2 occurs.

  Next, the operation when the secondary battery B is charged using the power supply device 1 having the above configuration will be described. Note that, as described above, the power supply device 1 of the present embodiment can control the amount of power transferred from the primary side to the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer 14 by controlling each of the power conversion circuits 12 and 16. However, here, in order to simplify the description, a case where charging is performed by controlling only the power conversion circuit 12 will be described.

  First, the secondary battery B to be charged is connected to the power supply device 1, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery B are electrically connected to the output terminals T <b> 1 and T <b> 2 of the power supply device 1, respectively. Next, the switch 15 is switched according to the voltage of the secondary battery B connected to the power supply device 1. That is, when the voltage of the secondary battery B is high, the switch 15 is switched so that the secondary windings 14b and 14c of the high-frequency transformer 14 are connected in series, and when the voltage of the secondary battery B is low. The switch 15 is switched so that the secondary windings 14b and 14c of the high-frequency transformer 14 are connected in parallel.

  When the above operation is completed and an instruction to start charging is given, a control signal is output from the control circuit (not shown) to the power conversion circuit 12, and the switching operation of the transistors 23a to 23d provided in the power conversion circuit 12 is started. Is done. Here, the three-phase AC power supplied from the commercial AC power supply PS is converted into DC power by the converter 11, and the DC power is converted into AC power by starting the switching operation of the transistors 23a to 23d.

  The AC power changed by the power conversion circuit 12 is supplied to the primary winding 14 a of the high-frequency transformer 14 through the reactor 13. In the high-frequency transformer 14, the secondary side windings 14b and 14c have the same winding specifications, and the secondary step-up ratio with respect to the primary side is set to 1. For this reason, substantially the same voltage as the voltage applied to the primary side winding 14 a is induced in the secondary side windings 14 b and 14 c of the high frequency transformer 14, whereby AC power is transferred from the primary side to the secondary side of the high frequency transformer 14. It is transferred to.

  The high frequency power transferred to the secondary side of the high frequency transformer 14 is input to the power conversion circuit 16, rectified by the diodes 26 a to 26 d provided in the power conversion circuit 16, smoothed by the capacitor 17, and converted to DC power. The This DC power is supplied to the secondary battery B via the connection terminals T1 and T2, thereby charging the secondary battery B. In this way, the secondary battery B is charged by the power supply device 1.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the high-frequency transformer 14 including the primary side winding 14a and the plurality of secondary side windings 14a and 14b is provided, and the connection relationship between the secondary side windings 14a and 14b is changed by the switch 15. Since it can be switched, the output voltage of the power supply device 1 can be changed over a wide voltage range. Thereby, various types of secondary batteries can be charged using the power supply device 1.

  In the present embodiment, the converter 11 and the power conversion circuit 12 are disposed on the primary side of the high-frequency transformer 14, and the power conversion circuit 16 is disposed on the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer 14, so that DC power is converted into high-frequency AC power. Conversion is performed to transfer power between the primary side and the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer 14. Here, the high-frequency transformer 14 is also used to insulate between the commercial AC power source PS and the secondary battery B, and a small-sized transformer can be used as the high-frequency transformer 14. Can be miniaturized.

  The power supply device according to the embodiment of the present invention has been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be freely changed within the scope of the present invention. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the example in which the high frequency transformer 14 is provided with the two secondary windings 14a and 14b has been described, but the number of secondary windings may be three or more. Moreover, although the said embodiment demonstrated the example which switches whether two secondary side coil | windings 14a and 14b are connected in series by the switch 15 or connected in parallel, the secondary side by the switch 15 is demonstrated. The switching of the winding connection relationship can be arbitrarily set. For example, the number of secondary windings connected in series may be arbitrarily switched.

  Furthermore, in the said embodiment, the case where the commercial alternating current power supply 10 was a power supply which supplies three-phase alternating current power was mentioned as an example, and was demonstrated. However, the present invention can also be applied to a power supply device that converts single-phase AC power into DC power. In the above embodiment, it has been described that the power supply device 1 is a power supply used for charging a secondary battery. However, the power supply device of the present invention is not limited to the power supply used for charging the secondary battery, and can be used as a general power supply capable of switching the output voltage.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Power supply device 11 Converter 12 Power conversion circuit 13 Reactor 14 High frequency transformer 14a Primary side winding 14b, 14c Secondary side winding 15 Switch 16 Power conversion circuit PS Commercial AC power supply

Claims (5)

A power supply device that generates DC power from a commercial AC power supply,
A high-frequency transformer comprising a primary winding and a plurality of secondary windings;
A converter that is provided on a primary side of the high-frequency transformer, and converts AC power supplied from the commercial AC power source into DC power;
A first power conversion circuit that is connected to the primary winding of the high-frequency transformer and the converter and performs conversion between DC power and AC power;
A switch for switching the connection relationship of the plurality of secondary windings included in the high-frequency transformer;
A second power conversion circuit that is connected to the secondary winding of the high-frequency transformer via the switch and performs conversion between DC power and AC power ;
By controlling the first and second power conversion circuits to control the phase of the voltage appearing at the output end of the first power conversion circuit and the voltage appearing at the input end of the second power conversion circuit, the high frequency Controls the amount of power transferred from the primary side to the secondary side of the transformer
A power supply device characterized by that .   The power supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the switcher switches whether a plurality of secondary windings included in the high-frequency transformer are connected in series or connected in parallel.   The power supply device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of secondary windings included in the high-frequency transformer have the same number of windings.   4. The power supply device according to claim 3, wherein the high-frequency transformer has a secondary-side step-up ratio set to 1 with respect to the primary side.   5. The power supply device according to claim 1, wherein the first power conversion circuit is connected to a primary side winding of the high-frequency transformer via a reactor.

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