JP5525834B2 - Light oil composition - Google Patents
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- JP5525834B2 JP5525834B2 JP2010013234A JP2010013234A JP5525834B2 JP 5525834 B2 JP5525834 B2 JP 5525834B2 JP 2010013234 A JP2010013234 A JP 2010013234A JP 2010013234 A JP2010013234 A JP 2010013234A JP 5525834 B2 JP5525834 B2 JP 5525834B2
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 67
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 115
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 93
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 24
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 132
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 132
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 37
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 11
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 7
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 6
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- PFEFOYRSMXVNEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-tritert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 PFEFOYRSMXVNEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OPLCSTZDXXUYDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 OPLCSTZDXXUYDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- -1 alkyl nitrate Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- PWNBRRGFUVBTQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,4-n-di(propan-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC1=CC=C(NC(C)C)C=C1 PWNBRRGFUVBTQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKCPKDPYUFEZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O DKCPKDPYUFEZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USONGLJUMRQADS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylhexyl nitrate Chemical compound CCCCC(C)CO[N+]([O-])=O USONGLJUMRQADS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJQOZHYUIDYNHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-Butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1O WJQOZHYUIDYNHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000016444 Benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPWHTZKZQNXVAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetracaine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CCCCNC1=CC=C(C(=O)OCCN(C)C)C=C1 PPWHTZKZQNXVAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018927 edible plant Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC=C MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000016427 familial adult myoclonic epilepsy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZGNITFSDLCMLGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N flubendiamide Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)C1=CC=CC(I)=C1C(=O)NC(C)(C)CS(C)(=O)=O ZGNITFSDLCMLGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002795 fluorescence method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004811 liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 description 1
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid di-n-butyl ester Natural products CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Description
本発明は、軽油組成物、特には、オンサイトで２種類の燃料を得て広範囲な運転条件下でＰＣＩ燃焼を達成することが可能なエンジンシステム用の軽油組成物に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a gas oil composition, particularly a gas oil composition for an engine system capable of obtaining two types of fuel on-site and achieving PCI combustion under a wide range of operating conditions.
自動車用駆動系には「排出ガスとＣＯ２の同時削減」が強く求められ、ハイブリッドやプラグインハイブリッド、さらには電気や燃料電池車が注目されているが、向う数十年内では液体燃料を利用する内燃機関が主流であると予想されている。内燃機関であるディーゼルエンジンは、ガソリンエンジンよりも燃費（ＣＯ２排出量）では優位にあるが、排出ガス浄化触媒の性能や価格の観点では劣位にある。そこで、トレードオフの関係にある「燃費と排出ガスの関係」を断ち切り、両者（排出ガスとＣＯ２）の同時削減に向けたエンジンや排出ガス浄化触媒の研究開発が多方面で行われおり、予混合圧縮着火式（ＰＣＩ）エンジンが注目されている。同エンジンでは燃料の自己着火で燃焼が開始するので、燃料の着火性が極めて重要な燃料性状となる。すなわち、低負荷運転条件下では、着火性の良い燃料（セタン価（ＣＮ）の高い燃料）が、高負荷条件下では多点同時着火による急激な燃焼（激しい燃焼は、騒音やＮＯｘの増大を引き起こすので、燃焼の激しさを示す指標である熱発生率は、ある閾値以下に抑える必要がある）を抑制するために着火性の低い燃料が求められる。 There is a strong demand for "simultaneous reduction of exhaust gas and CO2" in the drive system for automobiles, and hybrids and plug-in hybrids, as well as electric and fuel cell vehicles, are attracting attention, but liquid fuel will be used within the next few decades Internal combustion engines are expected to be mainstream. A diesel engine, which is an internal combustion engine, is superior in fuel efficiency (CO2 emission amount) to a gasoline engine, but is inferior in terms of performance and price of an exhaust gas purification catalyst. Therefore, the “relation between fuel consumption and exhaust gas”, which is a trade-off relationship, has been cut off, and research and development of engines and exhaust gas purification catalysts for simultaneous reduction of both (exhaust gas and CO2) has been conducted. Mixed compression ignition (PCI) engines are drawing attention. In the engine, combustion starts by self-ignition of the fuel, so the ignitability of the fuel is a very important fuel property. In other words, fuel with good ignitability (fuel with a high cetane number (CN)) under low-load operation conditions, and rapid combustion due to multi-point simultaneous ignition under high load conditions (violent combustion increases noise and NOx). Therefore, a fuel with low ignitability is required in order to suppress the heat generation rate, which is an index indicating the intensity of combustion, to be kept below a certain threshold.
しかしながら、エンジンの負荷条件（または温度条件）によって着火性を大きく変化できる燃料は見出されてはおらず、実現性の高いＰＣＩエンジンの導入法としては、「低負荷ではＰＣＩ燃焼、高負荷では従来型ディーゼル燃焼とする部分的ＰＣＩエンジン」、「着火性の大きく異なる２種類の燃料を運転条件によって使い分けるバイフューエルシステム」が提案されている。例えば、天然ガスとジメチルエーテル（ＤＭＥ）、ＬＰＧとＤＭＥなどの組み合わせが研究され、排出ガスとＣＯ２の同時低減を達成している。また、液体燃料を用いた研究では、市販ガソリン（オクタン価（ＯＮ）≒９０〜１００）と市販軽油（ＣＮ≒５５）を用いて、ＰＣＩ燃焼を達成し、優れた成果を得ている（非特許文献１）。該バイフューエルシステムは、既存の石油系液体燃料を利用するので、既存の燃料配送システムを活用できる現実的な方策ではあるが、「自動車に燃料タンクを２個装着し、消費者が２燃料を適宜給油する事」が求められるため、商品性の観点からは、重大な欠点を有している。すなわち、消費者の利便性の観点などからは、燃料の配送・給油は、１燃料であることが、不可欠である。さらに、市販ガソリンと軽油では、着火性に大きな差異があり、効果的なＰＣＩ燃焼を成立させる手段であるが、更なる着火性の差異を得られる２燃料の組み合わせがあれば、エンジンの制御性やＰＣＩ燃焼領域の拡大に繋がり有益である。 However, no fuel has been found that can greatly change the ignitability depending on the load condition (or temperature condition) of the engine. As a method of introducing a highly feasible PCI engine, “low-load PCI combustion, high-load conventional combustion” "Partial PCI engine with type diesel combustion" and "Bi-fuel system that uses two types of fuel with greatly different ignitability depending on operating conditions" have been proposed. For example, a combination of natural gas and dimethyl ether (DME), LPG and DME, etc. has been studied, and simultaneous reduction of exhaust gas and CO 2 has been achieved. In research using liquid fuel, PCI combustion was achieved using commercial gasoline (octane number (ON) ≈90-100) and commercial diesel oil (CN≈55), and excellent results were obtained (non-patented) Reference 1). Since this bi-fuel system uses existing petroleum-based liquid fuel, it is a realistic measure that can utilize the existing fuel delivery system. However, “the vehicle is equipped with two fuel tanks and the consumer supplies two fuels. From the viewpoint of merchantability, there is a serious drawback because it is necessary to refuel appropriately. That is, from the viewpoint of convenience for consumers, etc., it is indispensable that the fuel is delivered and refueled with one fuel. Furthermore, there is a big difference in ignitability between commercial gasoline and light oil, and this is a means to establish effective PCI combustion. However, if there is a combination of two fuels that can obtain a further difference in ignitability, engine controllability can be achieved. And is useful for expanding the PCI combustion area.
また、ＣＯ２を削減する効果的な方策として、バイオ燃料の導入・拡大が世界的に進んでいる。特に、バイオエタノールは、経済的に多量に生産でき、且つ非食用植物から工業的に製造できる可能性も高く、極めて有益な内燃機関用液体燃料として、世界的に実用化されている。また、植物油のメチルエステル（ＦＡＭＥ）も軽油用基材として実用化されているが、食用油と競合すること、製造価格が高いこと、さらには品質上の課題もあり、その使用量は限定的である。したがって、バイオエタノールが最も有力な内燃機関用バイオ燃料であるが、最近では、植物由来のブタノール（バイオブタノール）も注目され、実証化研究が進んでいる（非特許文献２）。 As an effective measure to reduce CO2, the introduction and expansion of biofuels are progressing worldwide. In particular, bioethanol can be produced in large quantities economically and has a high possibility of being industrially produced from non-edible plants, and has been put to practical use worldwide as an extremely useful liquid fuel for internal combustion engines. In addition, vegetable oil methyl ester (FAME) has been put to practical use as a base for light oil, but there are competing edible oils, high manufacturing costs, and quality issues, and the amount used is limited. It is. Therefore, bioethanol is the most powerful biofuel for internal combustion engines, but recently, plant-derived butanol (biobutanol) has also attracted attention, and demonstration research is progressing (Non-patent Document 2).
したがって、軽油とバイオ燃料（アルコール）を含む１燃料を自動車に供給し、オンサイトで着火性の大きく異なる２種類の燃料、すなわち軽油とアルコールに分離し、エンジンの運転条件（負荷条件、温度条件）に合わせて、両燃料（軽油とアルコール）を供給できれば、「商品性を高めた排出ガスとＣＯ２の同時削減」に、極めて大きな効果がある燃料組成物とその利用法となる。なお、アルコールの着火抑制効果については、小川の研究（非特許文献３）があり、ＰＣＩ燃焼における高負荷条件下での着火抑制が顕著であることが判っている。 Therefore, one fuel containing light oil and biofuel (alcohol) is supplied to the car and separated into two types of fuels that differ greatly in on-site ignitability, namely light oil and alcohol, and engine operating conditions (load conditions, temperature conditions) If both fuels (light oil and alcohol) can be supplied, the fuel composition and its method of use are extremely effective in “simultaneous reduction of exhaust gas and CO 2 with improved merchantability”. In addition, about the ignition suppression effect of alcohol, there is a research of Ogawa (nonpatent literature 3), and it turns out that the ignition suppression under high load conditions in PCI combustion is remarkable.
一方、本発明者らは、オンサイトで燃料を改質し、着火性の大きく異なる２種類の燃料をエンジンに供給する方策として、着火性の比較的高いナフテン系燃料（低負荷条件用燃料）を排出ガスの熱を用い触媒の存在下で脱水素して着火性の低い芳香族（高負荷条件用燃料）に転化して利用するシステムを提案している（特願２００９−０８９４９０号）。しかしながら、該システムは、多量なナフテン系燃料の生産・配送に伴う困難に加えて、バイオ燃料の拡販には繋がらないという難点を有している。 On the other hand, the present inventors have reformed fuel on-site and supplied naphthenic fuel with relatively high ignitability (fuel for low load conditions) as a measure for supplying two types of fuels with greatly different ignitability to the engine. Has been proposed (Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-089490) in which hydrogen is dehydrogenated in the presence of a catalyst using the heat of exhaust gas to convert it into an aromatic having low ignitability (fuel for high load conditions). However, in addition to the difficulties associated with the production and delivery of a large amount of naphthenic fuel, this system has the disadvantage that it does not lead to the expansion of biofuel sales.
一方、自動車用燃料の使用環境を考慮すると、「燃料の輸送・給油インフラ過程での該燃料と市販の軽油との混合（コンタミネーション）」、「オンサイトで該燃料を２種類に分離するシステム機能の誤作動（分離の失敗）」、「該燃料が単独で既存ディーゼルエンジンに給油される場合（誤給油）」などのトラブルが起こりうることが予想され、このような状態（トラブル）下でも、該燃料が既存のディーゼルエンジンや該燃料用ＰＣＩエンジンに決定的なダメージ（「低温始動しない」、「極端なノック騒音の発生」など）を起こさないように、最低限の燃料品質を確保する必要がある。 On the other hand, considering the environment in which fuel for automobiles is used, “a system that separates the fuel into two types on-site”, “mixing of the fuel with fuel gas in the transportation / fueling infrastructure process (contamination)” and “contamination” It is expected that troubles such as “functional malfunction (separation failure)” and “when the fuel is refueled to an existing diesel engine alone (misfueling)” can occur under such a state (trouble) , Ensure the minimum fuel quality so that the fuel does not cause decisive damage (such as “no cold start”, “extreme knock noise”, etc.) to the existing diesel engine or the PCI engine for the fuel. There is a need.
そこで、本発明の目的は、「ＣＯ２と排出ガスの同時削減」を達成するために、主にエタノールを含むバイオ燃料を混合した燃料組成物をオンサイト（自動車）で改質して着火性の大きく異なる２種類の燃料を得ることで、広範囲な運転条件下でＰＣＩ燃焼を達成できる燃料組成物を提供することにある。すなわち、本発明は、自動車には１種類の燃料を供給するが、オンサイトで簡便な方法で２種類の燃料を製造し、自動車の運転条件に従って、必要な該改質燃料を供給し、ＰＣＩ燃焼を達成することが可能なバイオ燃料混合燃料を開発することを目的とする。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to improve the ignitability of an on-site (automobile) by reforming a fuel composition containing mainly biofuel containing ethanol in order to achieve “simultaneous reduction of CO 2 and exhaust gas”. The object is to provide a fuel composition capable of achieving PCI combustion under a wide range of operating conditions by obtaining two greatly different fuels. That is, the present invention supplies one type of fuel to an automobile, but produces two types of fuel by a simple method on-site, and supplies the necessary reformed fuel according to the driving conditions of the automobile. The aim is to develop biofuel blends that can achieve combustion.
さらに、本発明は、「燃料の輸送・給油インフラ過程での該燃料と市販の軽油との混合（コンタミネーション）」、「オンサイトで該燃料を２種類に分離するシステムの機能が不十分（分離の失敗）」、「該燃料が単独で既存ディーゼルエンジンに給油される場合（誤給油）」などの自動車燃料の使用環境下でのトラブルが発生しても、エンジンが決定的なダメージを受けない最低限の性状を有するディーゼルエンジン用燃料組成物を開発することを目的とする。 Furthermore, the present invention provides a function of a system that separates the fuel into two types on-site (contamination) of the fuel and commercial light oil in the process of transporting and refueling the fuel. Even if troubles occur in the environment of the use of automobile fuel, such as “separation failure” and “when the fuel is refueled by itself to the existing diesel engine (misfueling)”, the engine will be damaged decisively. The object is to develop a fuel composition for diesel engines with no minimum properties.
本発明者らは、上記目的を達成するために鋭意検討した結果、以下の性状を有する軽油組成物を自動車に供給し、該自動車の燃料タンクに、排出ガスから得られる水分を注入して、炭化水素相（軽油）とアルコール相（バイオアルコール）に分離させ、軽油を燃料噴射装置でディーゼルエンジンに噴射することで低負荷運転条件下でＰＣＩ燃焼を達成でき、また、高負荷運転条件下ではアルコールを燃料噴射装置を用いて吸入空気管内に噴射して、急激な燃焼を抑制することでＰＣＩ燃焼を達成できることを見出し、本発明を完成させた。なお、このような２燃料によりＰＣＩ燃焼を達成するためのエンジンシステムについては、上記非特許文献１及び特願２００９−０８９４９０号に記載されている。 As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have supplied a light oil composition having the following properties to an automobile, injected water obtained from exhaust gas into a fuel tank of the automobile, By separating the hydrocarbon phase (light oil) and the alcohol phase (bioalcohol) and injecting the light oil into the diesel engine with a fuel injection device, PCI combustion can be achieved under low load operating conditions, and under high load operating conditions It has been found that PCI combustion can be achieved by injecting alcohol into an intake air pipe using a fuel injection device to suppress rapid combustion, and the present invention has been completed. An engine system for achieving PCI combustion with two fuels is described in Non-Patent Document 1 and Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-089490.
（１）即ち、本発明の軽油組成物は、
オンサイトで軽油組成物に水分を注入して軽油相とアルコール相に分離させ、軽油とアルコールの２種類の燃料を得てＰＣＩ燃焼を達成する予混合圧縮着火式（ＰＣＩ）エンジン用の軽油組成物であって、
ベース軽油と、炭素数２のアルコールと、炭素数４のアルコールとを含み、
前記炭素数２のアルコール（ＥｔＯＨ）に対する前記炭素数４のアルコール（ＢｕＯＨ）の容量比（ＢｕＯＨ／ＥｔＯＨ）が０．２〜１．０であり、
前記ベース軽油（ＢＧＯ）に対する前記アルコールの合計（ＲＯＨ）の容量比（ＲＯＨ／ＢＧＯ）が０．１〜１．２であり、
セタン価（ＣＮ）が３９以上である
ことを特徴とする。
(1) That is, the light oil composition of the present invention comprises:
Light oil composition for premixed compression ignition (PCI) engines that injects moisture into a light oil composition on-site and separates it into a light oil phase and an alcohol phase to obtain two types of fuel , light oil and alcohol, to achieve PCI combustion A thing,
Including base gas oil, alcohol having 2 carbon atoms and alcohol having 4 carbon atoms,
The volume ratio (BuOH / EtOH) of the alcohol having 4 carbon atoms (BuOH) to the alcohol having 2 carbon atoms (EtOH) is 0.2 to 1.0,
The volume ratio (ROH / BGO) of the total (ROH) of the alcohol to the base light oil (BGO) is 0.1 to 1.2,
The cetane number (CN) is 39 or more.
（２）また、本発明の軽油組成物は、前記ベース軽油が、
１５℃における密度が０．８７ｇ／ｃｍ3以下、
硫黄分が１０質量ｐｐｍ以下、
初留点が１５０〜２２０℃、
終点が２６０〜３７０℃、
全芳香族分が３０容量％以下である
ことを特徴とする上記（１）記載の軽油組成物である。
(2) Further, in the light oil composition of the present invention, the base light oil is
A density at 15 ° C. of 0.87 g / cm 3 or less,
Sulfur content is 10 mass ppm or less,
The initial boiling point is 150-220 ° C,
The end point is 260-370 ° C.
The gas oil composition as described in (1) above, wherein the total aromatic content is 30% by volume or less.
本発明の軽油組成物によれば、低負荷及び高負荷条件下でＰＣＩ燃焼が可能であり、かつ、本発明の軽油組成物は既存ディーゼルエンジンにも適合する効果を奏する。さらに、本発明の軽油組成物は、製造時のＣＯ2排出量並びに製造コスト、及びＮＯｘ等の排出ガスの量を増加させることなく、燃費に優れるという格別な効果を奏する。 According to the light oil composition of the present invention, PCI combustion is possible under low and high load conditions, and the light oil composition of the present invention has the effect of being compatible with existing diesel engines. Furthermore, the light oil composition of the present invention has an exceptional effect of being excellent in fuel efficiency without increasing the CO 2 emission amount and production cost during production and the amount of exhaust gas such as NOx.
以下に、本発明の詳細を説明する。本発明の軽油組成物は、炭素数が２のアルコールと炭素数が４のアルコールを配合した軽油組成物であって、品質が以下の性状を有し、オンサイトで２種類の燃料を得てＰＣＩ燃焼を達成するエンジンシステム用の燃料として利用できる。 Details of the present invention will be described below. The light oil composition of the present invention is a light oil composition in which an alcohol having 2 carbon atoms and an alcohol having 4 carbon atoms are blended, and the quality has the following properties, and two types of fuel are obtained on-site. It can be used as a fuel for engine systems that achieve PCI combustion.
＜炭素数２のアルコールに対する炭素数４のアルコールの容量比＞
本発明の軽油組成物は、炭素数２のアルコール（ＥｔＯＨ）に対する炭素数４のアルコール（ＢｕＯＨ）の容量比（ＢｕＯＨ／ＥｔＯＨ）が０．２〜１．０、好ましくは０．３〜０．８である。ベース軽油に混合できる有益なバイオアルコールとしては、炭素数２のアルコール（エタノール）と炭素数４のアルコール（例えばｎ−ブタノール）があるが、前述のように経済性などの観点からはエタノールが優れている。しかしながら、エタノールはベース軽油に溶解しないので、本発明では、炭素数２のアルコールと炭素数４のアルコールの混合溶液をベース軽油に溶解させる。但し、炭素数４のアルコールの割合が高過ぎると、１容量％以下の水分を添加しても、ベース軽油相とアルコール相に分離しないため、オンサイト（自動車）で着火性の大きく異なる２種類の燃料を得ることができない。そのため、炭素数２のアルコールと炭素数４のアルコールの容量比は、エタノールがベース軽油に溶解し、且つ１容量％以下の水分の添加で、ベース軽油相とアルコール相に分離する比であることが必須であり、これらの観点から、該容量比は０．２〜１．０である。該容量比が０．２未満では、エタノールの割合が高すぎて、炭素数２のアルコールと炭素数４のアルコールの混合溶液がベース軽油に溶解しない。なお、該容量比を０．３以上とすることで、炭素数２のアルコールと炭素数４のアルコールとの混合溶液のベース軽油への溶解性が特に良好となる。また、該容量比が１．０を超えると、水の添加による相分離に時間がかかり、且つベース軽油相へのアルコールの溶解が見られ、着火性の異なる２燃料を簡便に、且つ迅速に得るとの目的を十分には達成できない。さらに、該容量比が大きすぎると、水分を添加しても相分離せず、該燃料組成物の目的を達成できなくなる。また、バイオアルコールとしては、エタノールを用いることが望ましいことから、炭素数２のアルコールに対する炭素数４のアルコールの容量比は、好ましくは０．８以下である。
<Volume ratio of C4 alcohol to C2 alcohol>
In the light oil composition of the present invention, the volume ratio (BuOH / EtOH) of the alcohol having 4 carbon atoms (BuOH) to the alcohol having 2 carbon atoms (EtOH) is 0.2 to 1.0, preferably 0.3 to 0.00. 8. As useful bioalcohols that can be mixed with base gas oil, there are alcohols with 2 carbon atoms (ethanol) and alcohols with 4 carbon atoms (for example, n-butanol), but ethanol is excellent from the viewpoint of economy as mentioned above. ing. However, since ethanol does not dissolve in the base light oil, in the present invention, a mixed solution of alcohol having 2 carbon atoms and alcohol having 4 carbon atoms is dissolved in the base light oil. However, if the proportion of alcohol with 4 carbon atoms is too high, even if 1% by volume or less of water is added, it does not separate into the base light oil phase and the alcohol phase. Can't get the fuel. Therefore, the volume ratio of the alcohol with 2 carbon atoms and the alcohol with 4 carbon atoms is a ratio in which ethanol is dissolved in the base gas oil and separated into the base gas oil phase and the alcohol phase by addition of 1% by volume or less of water. Is essential, and from these viewpoints, the capacity ratio is 0.2 to 1.0. When the volume ratio is less than 0.2, the ratio of ethanol is too high, and a mixed solution of alcohol having 2 carbon atoms and alcohol having 4 carbon atoms is not dissolved in the base light oil. In addition, when the volume ratio is 0.3 or more, the solubility of the mixed solution of the alcohol having 2 carbon atoms and the alcohol having 4 carbon atoms in the base light oil becomes particularly good. Further, when the volume ratio exceeds 1.0, it takes time for phase separation by addition of water, and alcohol is dissolved in the base light oil phase, so that two fuels having different ignitability can be easily and quickly. The goal of obtaining cannot be fully achieved. Furthermore, if the volume ratio is too large, phase separation does not occur even when moisture is added, and the purpose of the fuel composition cannot be achieved. Moreover, since it is desirable to use ethanol as the bioalcohol, the volume ratio of the alcohol having 4 carbon atoms to the alcohol having 2 carbon atoms is preferably 0.8 or less.
＜アルコール／ベース軽油の比率＞
本発明の軽油組成物は、ベース軽油（ＢＧＯ）に対する上記アルコールの合計（ＲＯＨ＝ＥｔＯＨ＋ＢｕＯＨ）の容量比（ＲＯＨ／ＢＧＯ）が０．１〜１．２であり、好ましくは０．２〜１．０である。該容量比は大きいほど、バイオ燃料比率が高まるのでＣＯ２削減効果が大きいが、アルコールは軽油よりも製造価格が高く、且つその供給量にも制約があるので、適正な比率が存在する。また、広範囲な運転条件下でＰＣＩ燃焼を達成するためには、２種類の燃料を適量確保する必要があり、この観点からも、最適な比率が存在する。すなわち、同比率が低すぎるとＰＣＩ燃焼で高負荷運転が可能な運転割合が低下し、また、該比率が高過ぎるとＰＣＩ燃焼で低負荷運転が可能な割合が低下するので、自動車用燃料としての商品性が低下することとなるため、該容量比は０．１〜１．２である。また、該容量比が１．２を超えると、後述する軽油組成物のセタン価（ＣＮ）を３９以上に保つことが困難となるので、ＣＮの観点からも、該容量比は１．２以下であり、好ましくは１．０以下である。また、該容量比が１．２を超えると、水分を１容量％添加しても相分離せず、該燃料組成物の目的を達成できなくなる。また、該容量比が０．１未満では、バイオ燃料比率が低くＣＯ２削減効果が小さく、該容量比を０．２以上とすることで、ＣＯ２削減効果が大きくなる。
<Ratio of alcohol / base gas oil>
In the gas oil composition of the present invention, the volume ratio (ROH / BGO) of the total alcohol (ROH = EtOH + BuOH) to the base gas oil (BGO) is 0.1 to 1.2, preferably 0.2 to 1. 0. The larger the capacity ratio is, the higher the biofuel ratio is, so that the CO2 reduction effect is large. However, alcohol has a higher production price than light oil and its supply amount is limited, so there is an appropriate ratio. Moreover, in order to achieve PCI combustion under a wide range of operating conditions, it is necessary to secure an appropriate amount of two types of fuel, and from this point of view, an optimum ratio exists. That is, if the ratio is too low, the operation ratio at which high-load operation can be performed by PCI combustion decreases, and if the ratio is too high, the ratio at which low-load operation can be performed by PCI combustion decreases, Therefore, the capacity ratio is 0.1 to 1.2. Further, if the volume ratio exceeds 1.2, it becomes difficult to keep the cetane number (CN) of the light oil composition described later at 39 or more, so from the viewpoint of CN, the volume ratio is 1.2 or less. Preferably, it is 1.0 or less. On the other hand, when the volume ratio exceeds 1.2, even if 1% by volume of water is added, phase separation does not occur and the purpose of the fuel composition cannot be achieved. Further, when the capacity ratio is less than 0.1, the biofuel ratio is low and the CO2 reduction effect is small, and when the capacity ratio is 0.2 or more, the CO2 reduction effect is increased.
＜セタン価＞
本発明の軽油組成物は、セタン価（ＣＮ）が３９以上であり、好ましくは４２以上である。自動車用燃料の利用実態を想定すると、該軽油組成物は既存のディーゼル車用軽油への混合、該軽油組成物を使用する２燃料システムの作動不良などのトラブルを考慮する必要があり、エンジン損傷に至る決定的なダメージを避けるためにも、セタン価（ＣＮ）は３９以上であることを要する。ＣＮが３９未満では、多点同時着火に伴う急激な燃焼のために激しいノックを起こし、エンジン損傷に至る懸念があるため、ＣＮは３９以上、好ましくは４２以上である。
<Cetane number>
The light oil composition of the present invention has a cetane number (CN) of 39 or more, preferably 42 or more. Assuming the actual usage of fuel for automobiles, it is necessary to consider troubles such as mixing of the diesel oil composition with existing diesel oil diesel fuel and malfunction of a two-fuel system using the diesel oil composition. The cetane number (CN) needs to be 39 or more in order to avoid decisive damage leading to. When CN is less than 39, there is a concern that abrupt combustion caused by multi-point simultaneous ignition may cause severe knocking and cause engine damage. Therefore, CN is 39 or more, preferably 42 or more.
＜硫黄分＞
本発明の軽油組成物並びに該軽油組成物中のベース軽油は、硫黄分が１０質量ｐｐｍ以下であることが好ましく、この場合、燃焼生成物である硫黄酸化物が少なく、環境負荷の低減に寄与できる。また、硫黄分は、粒子状物質（ＰＭ）を酸化・除去するＤＰＦ（ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルター）触媒を被毒するので、硫黄分の低減は、ＰＭの浄化率を維持するために極めて重要である。更に、ＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒を装着した車輌においては、該触媒の硫黄被毒の再生に燃料を使用するので、硫黄分の低減は、燃費の向上にも寄与する。そして、これらの効果は、硫黄分が低い程顕著であるため、本発明の軽油組成物並びに該軽油組成物中のベース軽油中の硫黄分は、好ましくは１０質量ｐｐｍ以下であり、更に好ましくは６質量ｐｐｍ以下、特に好ましくは３質量ｐｐｍ以下である。
<Sulfur content>
The gas oil composition of the present invention and the base gas oil in the gas oil composition preferably have a sulfur content of 10 ppm by mass or less. In this case, there are few sulfur oxides as combustion products, contributing to a reduction in environmental burden. it can. Moreover, since sulfur content poisons the DPF (diesel particulate filter) catalyst which oxidizes and removes particulate matter (PM), reduction of sulfur content is extremely important for maintaining the PM purification rate. . Furthermore, in a vehicle equipped with a NOx occlusion reduction catalyst, fuel is used for regeneration of sulfur poisoning of the catalyst. Therefore, reduction of the sulfur content also contributes to improvement of fuel consumption. And since these effects are so remarkable that a sulfur content is low, the sulfur content in the light oil composition of this invention and the base light oil in this light oil composition becomes like this. Preferably it is 10 mass ppm or less, More preferably 6 ppm by mass or less, particularly preferably 3 ppm by mass or less.
＜蒸留性状＞
本発明の軽油組成物は、該軽油組成物中のベース軽油の初留点（ＩＢＰ）が１５０〜２２０℃であることが好ましく、更に好ましくは１６０〜２００℃である。軽油組成物中のベース軽油の初留点が１５０℃を下回ると、高温条件下では燃料の噴射系に燃料蒸気が発生し、必要な燃料噴射量を確保できなくなることが懸念される。また、初留点が低過ぎると、燃料の取り扱いや燃料の供給システムでの燃料の気化に伴う危険性が増すことからも、初留点は１５０℃以上であることが好ましく、更に好ましくは１６０℃以上である。また、初留点が２２０℃を超えると、本発明の軽油組成物に利用できるベース軽油の量（得率）が少なくなりすぎるので、経済性や必要なベース軽油量の確保の観点から、本発明の軽油組成物中のベース軽油は、初留点が２２０℃以下であることが好ましく、更に好ましくは２００℃以下である。
<Distillation properties>
In the light oil composition of the present invention, the initial boiling point (IBP) of the base light oil in the light oil composition is preferably 150 to 220 ° C, more preferably 160 to 200 ° C. When the initial boiling point of the base light oil in the light oil composition is lower than 150 ° C., there is a concern that fuel vapor is generated in the fuel injection system under a high temperature condition, and a necessary fuel injection amount cannot be secured. In addition, if the initial boiling point is too low, the risk associated with fuel handling and fuel vaporization in the fuel supply system increases, so the initial boiling point is preferably 150 ° C. or higher, more preferably 160 ° C. It is above ℃. In addition, if the initial boiling point exceeds 220 ° C., the amount (yield) of the base light oil that can be used in the light oil composition of the present invention is too small. From the viewpoint of economic efficiency and securing the necessary amount of base light oil, The base gas oil in the gas oil composition of the invention preferably has an initial boiling point of 220 ° C or lower, more preferably 200 ° C or lower.
また、本発明の軽油組成物は、該軽油組成物中のベース軽油の終点（ＥＰ）が２６０〜３７０℃であることが好ましく、更に好ましくは２８０〜３５５℃である。軽油組成物中のベース軽油の終点が３７０℃を超えると、粒子状物質（ＰＭ）の排出量が増加するので、ＰＭ除去フィルター（ＤＰＦ）への負荷が増大するので好ましくない。また、終点が高過ぎると、ＰＣＩ燃焼に必要な燃料の予混合化が不十分となり、排出ガス低減効果が損なわれるので、ベース軽油の終点は３７０℃以下であることが好ましい。更に、終点が高過ぎると未燃の燃料の一部がオイルパンへと流れ込み、エンジンオイルの希釈を引き起こし易くなるので、本発明の軽油組成物中のベース軽油の終点は３７０℃以下であることが好ましく、更に好ましくは３５５℃以下である。一方、本発明の軽油組成物中のベース軽油は、燃料噴射ポンプの潤滑性の維持や燃料噴射ノズルの摩耗防止の観点から、終点が２６０℃以上であることが好ましく、更に好ましくは２８０℃以上である。更に、終点が低過ぎるとベース軽油の得率が低下することになるので、石油の有効活用や経済性の観点からも、ベース軽油の終点は２６０℃以上であることが好ましい。 In the light oil composition of the present invention, the end point (EP) of the base light oil in the light oil composition is preferably 260 to 370 ° C, more preferably 280 to 355 ° C. If the end point of the base light oil in the light oil composition exceeds 370 ° C., the amount of particulate matter (PM) discharged increases, which increases the load on the PM removal filter (DPF). Further, if the end point is too high, premixing of fuel necessary for PCI combustion becomes insufficient, and the exhaust gas reduction effect is impaired. Therefore, the end point of the base light oil is preferably 370 ° C. or lower. Furthermore, if the end point is too high, a part of the unburned fuel flows into the oil pan and easily causes dilution of the engine oil. Therefore, the end point of the base light oil in the light oil composition of the present invention is 370 ° C. or less. Is more preferable, and 355 ° C. or lower is more preferable. On the other hand, the base light oil in the light oil composition of the present invention preferably has an end point of 260 ° C. or higher, more preferably 280 ° C. or higher, from the viewpoint of maintaining the lubricity of the fuel injection pump and preventing wear of the fuel injection nozzle. It is. Furthermore, if the end point is too low, the yield of the base gas oil will be reduced. Therefore, the end point of the base gas oil is preferably 260 ° C. or higher from the viewpoint of effective utilization of petroleum and economic efficiency.
＜芳香族＞
本発明の軽油組成物は、該軽油組成物中のベース軽油の全芳香族分が３０容量％以下であることが好ましく、更に好ましくは２３容量％以下である。軽油組成物のベース軽油中の芳香族の含有量が増大し過ぎると、粒子状物質（ＰＭ）の排出量が増加して、環境負荷を十分には低減できないからである。また、芳香族含有量とセタン価（ＣＮ）は、大凡の反比例関係にあり、芳香族分が多すぎると、ＣＮの規定（３９以上）を満足できなくなるからである。また、特に限定されるものではないが、２環以上の芳香族が１環芳香族よりもＰＭ排出量への影響が大きいので、上記軽油組成物のベース軽油中の２環以上の芳香族の含有量は、好ましくは５容量％以下、更に好ましくは２容量％以下である。
<Aromatic>
In the light oil composition of the present invention, the total aromatic content of the base light oil in the light oil composition is preferably 30% by volume or less, and more preferably 23% by volume or less. This is because if the aromatic content in the base light oil of the light oil composition increases too much, the amount of particulate matter (PM) discharged increases, and the environmental load cannot be reduced sufficiently. In addition, the aromatic content and the cetane number (CN) are roughly in inverse proportion, and if the aromatic content is too much, the CN definition (39 or more) cannot be satisfied. Although not particularly limited, since aromatics having two or more rings have a greater effect on PM emissions than single-ring aromatics, aromatics having two or more rings in the base gas oil of the gas oil composition are not limited. The content is preferably 5% by volume or less, more preferably 2% by volume or less.
＜密度＞
本発明の軽油組成物中のベース軽油（炭化水素）は、１５℃での密度が０．８７ｇ／ｃｍ3以下であることが好ましい。軽油組成物中のベース軽油の密度が０．８７ｇ／ｃｍ3を超えると、軽油の噴射割合が多い運転条件下（低、中負荷で比較的低速度）では、燃料の霧化特性の悪化などから、燃焼効率の低下や排出ガスの悪化を起こすので、ベース軽油の密度は、好ましくは０．８７ｇ／ｃｍ3以下、更に好ましくは０．８６５ｇ／ｃｍ3以下、より一層好ましくは０．８６ｇ／ｃｍ3以下である。一方、特に限定されるものではないが、ベース軽油の密度が０．７９ｇ／ｃｍ3未満では、容量基準の燃料消費率が悪化するので、燃料の商品性の観点から好ましくなく、そのため、ベース軽油の密度は０．７９ｇ／ｃｍ3以上であることが好ましい。
<Density>
The base light oil (hydrocarbon) in the light oil composition of the present invention preferably has a density at 15 ° C. of 0.87 g / cm 3 or less. When the density of the base light oil in the light oil composition exceeds 0.87 g / cm 3 , the fuel atomization characteristics deteriorate under operating conditions with a high light oil injection ratio (low, medium load and relatively low speed) from, the cause deterioration of reduction and exhaust emissions of combustion efficiency, the density of the base gas oil is preferably 0.87 g / cm 3 or less, more preferably 0.865 g / cm 3 or less, even more preferably 0.86 g / cm 3 or less. On the other hand, although not particularly limited, if the density of the base light oil is less than 0.79 g / cm 3 , the fuel consumption rate based on the capacity deteriorates, which is not preferable from the viewpoint of fuel commerciality. The density of is preferably 0.79 g / cm 3 or more.
＜軽油組成物の調製＞
本発明の軽油組成物の調製に供するベース軽油には、上記の性状を満たすように、軽油基材、該軽油基材を飽和水素化した超低芳香族基材、脱硫した軽油基材から溶剤抽出、膜分離、吸着などを用いて芳香族を除去した脱芳香族基材、天然ガスを原料としてＦＴ合成で得られるＧＴＬを用いることができる。本発明の軽油組成物は、上記ベース軽油とバイオアルコール（エタノールとｎ−ブタノール等）とを混合して調製することができる。
<Preparation of light oil composition>
The base light oil used for the preparation of the light oil composition of the present invention includes a light oil base material, an ultra-low aromatic base material obtained by saturated hydrogenation of the light oil base material, a solvent from the desulfurized light oil base material so as to satisfy the above properties. A dearomatic substrate from which aromatics have been removed using extraction, membrane separation, adsorption, or the like, or GTL obtained by FT synthesis using natural gas as a raw material can be used. The light oil composition of the present invention can be prepared by mixing the above base light oil and bioalcohol (such as ethanol and n-butanol).
（軽油基材）
上記軽油基材は、原料油として、例えば、常圧蒸留装置、接触分解装置、熱分解装置等から得られる各種の軽油留分、すなわち沸点範囲が１３０〜４００℃の範囲で留出する留分を用いて、適宜混合して水素化脱硫するか、水素化脱硫後に適宜混合することにより得られるが、芳香族を多く含む原料油を処理する場合は、製品の硫黄分や芳香族分を所定範囲にするために、反応温度や水素分圧を高くし、また水素／オイル比を高くすることが有効である。なお、芳香族を多く含む原料油は難脱硫成分も多く含むことから、水素化脱硫にあたっては硫黄分を選択的に除去する触媒を用いる必要がある。
(Light oil base)
The light oil base material is, as a raw material oil, for example, various light oil fractions obtained from an atmospheric distillation device, a catalytic cracking device, a thermal cracking device, or the like, that is, a fraction distilled at a boiling range of 130 to 400 ° C. Can be obtained by mixing as appropriate and hydrodesulfurizing, or mixing after hydrodesulfurization as appropriate, but when processing raw material oils rich in aromatics, the sulfur content and aromatic content of the product should be specified. In order to achieve this range, it is effective to increase the reaction temperature and hydrogen partial pressure, and to increase the hydrogen / oil ratio. In addition, since the raw material oil containing a lot of aromatics contains a lot of difficult desulfurization components, it is necessary to use a catalyst that selectively removes sulfur in hydrodesulfurization.
上記水素化脱硫は、Ｃｏ、Ｍｏ及びＮｉの１種以上を含有し、又所望によりＰを担持した水素化触媒を用い、反応温度２７０〜３８０℃、好ましくは２９５〜３６０℃、反応圧力２．５〜８．５ＭＰａ、好ましくは２．７〜７．０ＭＰａ、ＬＨＳＶ０．９〜６．０ｈ-1、好ましくは０．９〜５．４ｈ-1、水素／オイル比１３０〜３００Ｎｍ3／ｋＬの条件から適宜選択して、上述の軽油基材が得られる様にするとよい。 The hydrodesulfurization uses a hydrogenation catalyst containing one or more of Co, Mo and Ni, and optionally carrying P, with a reaction temperature of 270 to 380 ° C., preferably 295 to 360 ° C., a reaction pressure of 2. Conditions of 5-8.5 MPa, preferably 2.7-7.0 MPa, LHSV 0.9-6.0 h −1 , preferably 0.9-5.4 h −1 , hydrogen / oil ratio 130-300 Nm 3 / kL It is good to select suitably from above so that the above-mentioned light oil base material may be obtained.
（脱芳香族基材）
上記脱芳香族基材の性状は、セタン価が５２以上７０未満、全芳香族分が０〜５容量％、初留温度が１３０〜１９０℃、終点が２８０〜３２０℃、硫黄分が１０質量ｐｐｍ以下であり、脱硫した軽質軽油基材（沸点が１３０〜３２０℃）を５０容量％と５０容量％のフルフラールを常温、常圧で激しく混合・攪拌して芳香族を抽出し、フルフラール層（下層）をデカンテーションで除去する操作を繰り返した後に、軽油を水洗い・脱水して製造できる。また、必要に応じて、フルフラール処理油を１４０℃で５ｈｒ活性化処理したシリカゲルを充填したカラムに通過させて更に芳香族を除去することもできる。更に、芳香族除去のために膜分離技術を用いることもできる。
(Dearomatic substrate)
The properties of the dearomatized base material are as follows: the cetane number is 52 or more and less than 70, the total aromatic content is 0 to 5% by volume, the initial distillation temperature is 130 to 190 ° C, the end point is 280 to 320 ° C, and the sulfur content is 10 mass. It is not more than ppm, and desulfurized light gas oil base (boiling point 130-320 ° C) 50% by volume and 50% by volume of furfural are vigorously mixed and stirred at normal temperature and pressure to extract aromatics, and the furfural layer ( After repeating the operation of removing the lower layer) by decantation, the diesel oil can be produced by washing and dewatering. Further, if necessary, the furfural-treated oil can be passed through a column packed with silica gel activated at 140 ° C. for 5 hours to further remove aromatics. In addition, membrane separation techniques can be used to remove aromatics.
＜添加剤＞
（セタン価向上剤）
本発明の軽油組成物には、必要に応じてセタン価向上剤を添加しても良く、該セタン価向上剤としては、アルキルナイトレート系セタン価向上剤や、有機過酸化物系セタン価向上剤が挙げられる。ここで、上記アルキルナイトレート系セタン価向上剤としては、炭素数６〜１２のアルキルナイトレートが好ましく、２−メチルヘキシルナイトレートが特に好ましい。また、上記有機過酸化物系セタン価向上剤としては、炭素数６〜１２のジアルキルパーオキサイドが好ましく、ジ−ｔ−ブチルパーオキサイドが特に好ましい。そして、これらセタン価向上剤の添加量は、０．５質量％以下が好ましく、０．１質量％以下が更に好ましい。セタン価向上剤の添加量を増すとセタン価は高くなるが、その増加の割合は、添加量が０．５質量％を超えると極めて小さくなるので、セタン価向上剤添加の費用対効果の観点から添加量は０．５質量％以下とすることが好ましい。
<Additives>
(Cetane improver)
A cetane number improver may be added to the light oil composition of the present invention as necessary, and as the cetane number improver, an alkyl nitrate cetane number improver or an organic peroxide cetane number improve Agents. Here, as said alkyl nitrate type | system | group cetane number improver, a C6-C12 alkyl nitrate is preferable and 2-methylhexyl nitrate is especially preferable. Moreover, as said organic peroxide type | system | group cetane number improver, a C6-C12 dialkyl peroxide is preferable and di-t-butyl peroxide is especially preferable. And the addition amount of these cetane improvers is preferably 0.5% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.1% by mass or less. Increasing the amount of cetane number improver increases the cetane number, but the rate of increase becomes extremely small when the amount added exceeds 0.5% by mass. Therefore, the addition amount is preferably 0.5% by mass or less.
（その他の添加剤）
また、本発明の軽油組成物には、任意に、軽油組成物の安定性を確保するための酸化防止剤、軽油組成物の低温流動性を確保するための低温流動性向上剤、軽油組成物の潤滑性を確保するための潤滑性向上剤、エンジンの清浄性を確保するための清浄剤等を適宜添加することができる。
(Other additives)
Further, the light oil composition of the present invention optionally includes an antioxidant for ensuring the stability of the light oil composition, a low temperature fluidity improver for ensuring the low temperature fluidity of the light oil composition, and a light oil composition. It is possible to appropriately add a lubricity improver for ensuring the lubricity and a detergent for ensuring the cleanliness of the engine.
ここで、上記酸化防止剤としては、２，６−ジ−ｔ−ブチルフェノール、２，６−ジ−ｔ−ブチル−４−メチルフェノール、２，４−ジメチル−６−ｔ−ブチルフェノール、２，４，６−トリ−ｔ−ブチルフェノール、２−ｔ−ブチル−４，６−ジメチルフェノール、２−ｔ−ブチルフェノール等のフェノール系酸化防止剤や、Ｎ，Ｎ’−ジイソプロピル−ｐ−フェニレンジアミン、Ｎ，Ｎ’−ジ−ｓｅｃ−ブチル−ｐ−フェニレンジアミン等のアミン系酸化防止剤、およびこれらの混合物が挙げられる。ここで、これら酸化防止剤の添加量は、０．００１〜０．１０質量％の範囲が好ましい。酸化防止剤の添加効果は大きいので、実用的には０．１０質量％の添加で十分な効果が得られるからである。 Here, as the antioxidant, 2,6-di-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-t-butylphenol, 2,4 , 6-tri-t-butylphenol, 2-t-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2-t-butylphenol, and other phenolic antioxidants, N, N′-diisopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N, Examples thereof include amine antioxidants such as N′-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, and mixtures thereof. Here, the addition amount of these antioxidants is preferably in the range of 0.001 to 0.10% by mass. This is because the effect of addition of the antioxidant is great, so that practically sufficient effect can be obtained by adding 0.10% by mass.
上記低温流動性向上剤としては、公知のエチレン共重合体等が挙げられ、特に、酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル、酪酸ビニル等の飽和脂肪酸のビニルエステルが好ましい。これら低温流動性向上剤の添加量は、特に限定されず、目的に応じて適宜選択することができる。 Examples of the low temperature fluidity improver include known ethylene copolymers, and vinyl esters of saturated fatty acids such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate and vinyl butyrate are particularly preferable. The addition amount of these low-temperature fluidity improvers is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.
上記潤滑性向上剤としては、長鎖（例えば、炭素数１２〜２４）の脂肪酸またはその脂肪酸エステルが挙げられる。そして、軽油組成物に対し該潤滑性向上剤を１０〜５００質量ｐｐｍ、好ましくは５０〜１００質量ｐｐｍ添加することにより、軽油組成物の潤滑性を向上して燃料噴射器の摩耗を抑制することができる。 Examples of the lubricity improver include long-chain (for example, having 12 to 24 carbon atoms) fatty acids or fatty acid esters thereof. And by adding 10 to 500 mass ppm, preferably 50 to 100 mass ppm of the lubricity improver to the light oil composition, the lubricity of the light oil composition is improved and the wear of the fuel injector is suppressed. Can do.
上記清浄剤としては、コハク酸イミド、ポリアルキルアミン、ポリエーテルアミン等が挙げられる。これら清浄剤の添加量は、特に限定されず、目的に応じて適宜選択することができる。 Examples of the detergent include succinimide, polyalkylamine, and polyetheramine. The addition amount of these detergents is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.
以下に、実施例を挙げて本発明を更に詳しく説明するが、本発明は下記の実施例に何ら限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
＜供試燃料の調製＞
以下の評価用燃料を調製した。供試燃料の性状を表１に示す。
・燃料−１：市販ＪＩＳ−２号軽油。（市販軽油）
・燃料−２：天然ガスからＦＴ合成で製造したパラフィン系燃料。ＪＯＭＯサンエナジー社からモスガス品として購入。（ＧＴＬ）
・燃料−３：硫黄分が１０質量ｐｐｍ以下になるように脱硫した軽質軽油基材から芳香族を溶剤抽出で除去した軽質留分。（脱芳香族基材）
・燃料−４：７０容量％の市販軽油と、１０容量％の試薬１級のｎ−ブタノール（ｎ−ＢｕＯＨ）と、２０容量％の試薬１級のエタノール（ＥｔＯＨ）の混合燃料。
・燃料−５：７０容量％のＧＴＬと、１０容量％の試薬１級のｎ−ブタノールと、２０容量％の試薬１級のエタノールの混合燃料。
・燃料−６：７０容量％の脱芳香族基材と、１０容量％の試薬１級のｎ−ブタノールと、２０容量％の試薬１級のエタノールの混合燃料。
・燃料−７：７０容量％の市販軽油と、３０容量％の試薬１級のｎ−ブタノールの混合燃料。
・燃料−８：７０容量％の市販軽油と、２５容量％の試薬１級のｎ−ブタノールと、５容量％の試薬１級のエタノールの混合燃料。
・燃料−９：７０容量％の市販軽油と、２容量％の試薬１級のｎ−ブタノールと、２８容量％の試薬１級のエタノールの混合燃料。
・燃料−１０：４０容量％の市販軽油と、２０容量％の試薬１級のｎ−ブタノールと、４０容量％の試薬１級のエタノールの混合燃料。
<Preparation of test fuel>
The following fuels for evaluation were prepared. Table 1 shows the properties of the test fuel.
-Fuel-1: Commercially available JIS-2 diesel oil. (Commercial light oil)
Fuel-2: A paraffinic fuel produced from natural gas by FT synthesis. Purchased as a moss product from JOMO Sun Energy. (GTL)
Fuel-3: A light fraction obtained by removing aromatics by solvent extraction from a light gas oil base material desulfurized so that the sulfur content is 10 mass ppm or less. (Dearomatic substrate)
Fuel-4: A mixed fuel of 70% by volume of commercial light oil, 10% by volume of reagent grade n-butanol (n-BuOH), and 20% by volume of reagent grade ethanol (EtOH).
Fuel-5: A mixed fuel of 70% by volume GTL, 10% by volume reagent grade n-butanol, and 20% by volume reagent grade 1 ethanol.
Fuel-6: A mixed fuel of 70% by volume of a dearomatic base material, 10% by volume of reagent primary n-butanol, and 20% by volume of reagent primary ethanol.
Fuel-7: A mixed fuel of 70% by volume of commercially available light oil and 30% by volume of reagent grade 1 n-butanol.
Fuel-8: A mixed fuel of 70% by volume of commercial light oil, 25% by volume of reagent grade n-butanol, and 5% by volume of reagent grade ethanol.
Fuel-9: A mixed fuel of 70% by volume of commercial light oil, 2% by volume of reagent grade n-butanol, and 28% by volume of reagent grade 1 ethanol.
Fuel-10: A mixed fuel of 40% by volume of commercial light oil, 20% by volume of reagent grade 1-n-butanol, and 40% by volume of reagent grade 1 ethanol.
＜燃料の性状分析＞
・密度：ＪＩＳ Ｋ２２４９「原油及び石油製品の密度試験法」
・蒸留性状：ＪＩＳ Ｋ２２５４「蒸留試験法」
・硫黄分：ＪＩＳ Ｋ２５４１−６「硫黄分試験法（紫外蛍光法）」
・全芳香族分、２環以上の芳香族分：石油学会法ＪＰＩ−５Ｓ−４９−９７「石油製品−炭化水素タイプ試験方法−高速液体クロマトグラフ法」
・セタン価：ＪＩＳ Ｋ２２８０「石油製品−燃料油−オクタン価およびセタン価試験方法並びにセタン指数算出法」
・Ｈ分とＣ分：有機元素分析装置（ＬＥＣＯ社製ＣＨＮ−１０００型）を用いて測定
<Fuel property analysis>
・ Density: JIS K2249 “Density test method for crude oil and petroleum products”
・ Distillation properties: JIS K2254 "Distillation test method"
・ Sulfur content: JIS K2541-6 “Sulfur content test method (ultraviolet fluorescence method)”
-Total aromatic content, aromatic content of 2 or more rings: Petroleum Society method JPI-5S-49-97 "Petroleum products-Hydrocarbon type test method-High performance liquid chromatographic method"
-Cetane number: JIS K2280 "Petroleum products-Fuel oil-Octane number and cetane number test method and cetane index calculation method"
-H and C minutes: measured using an organic element analyzer (CHN-1000 model manufactured by LECO)
＜供試機関諸元と運転条件＞
気筒数：１
排気量：１００７（ｃｍ3）
圧縮比：１８
燃料噴射系：軽油はコモンレール高圧噴射装置で直接燃焼室に、アルコールはガソリン車用燃料噴射装置で吸入管に噴射
<Test engine specifications and operating conditions>
Number of cylinders: 1
Displacement: 1007 (cm 3 )
Compression ratio: 18
Fuel injection system: Light oil is injected directly into the combustion chamber with a common rail high-pressure injector, and alcohol is injected into the intake pipe with a fuel injector for gasoline cars.
＜ＰＣＩエンジン性能評価・判定方法＞
エンジン回転速度を１３００ｒｐｍ及び２２００ｒｐｍに固定し、２０％及び８０％負荷条件下で、軽油の噴射時期、軽油とアルコールの比率（噴射量）、ＥＲＧ量を制御してＰＣＩ燃焼とし、各燃料の排出ガス（堀場製作所製 排出ガス分析装置）、燃焼に伴う圧力上昇率の最大値（司測研製圧力センサーと小野測器製燃焼解析装置で燃焼挙動を観察）を測定した。各燃料に対して「窒素酸化物（ＮＯｘ）が２００（ｐｐｍ）以下、黒煙が１（ＢＳＵ）以下、圧力上昇率の最大値が１．３（ＭＰａ／ＣＡ）」を達成できた場合を（○）、達成できない場合を（×）と評価し、表１に記載した。
<PCI engine performance evaluation / judgment method>
The engine rotation speed is fixed at 1300 rpm and 2200 rpm, and under 20% and 80% load conditions, the light oil injection timing, the ratio of light oil to alcohol (injection amount), and ERG amount are controlled for PCI combustion, and each fuel is discharged. Gas (exhaust gas analyzer manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.) and the maximum value of the rate of pressure increase due to combustion (observation of combustion behavior with a pressure sensor manufactured by Shikenken and a combustion analyzer manufactured by Ono Sokki) were measured. A case where “nitrogen oxide (NOx) is 200 (ppm) or less, black smoke is 1 (BSU) or less, and the maximum pressure increase rate is 1.3 (MPa / CA)” is achieved for each fuel. The case where it was not possible to achieve (O) was evaluated as (X) and listed in Table 1.
なお、燃料の供給は以下とした。
相分離する燃料：１容量％の水分添加で相分離させた燃料の軽油相を燃焼室に、アルコール相を吸気管に供給し、低負荷条件下では軽油燃焼を、高負荷条件下ではアルコールを主燃焼とした。
相分離しない燃料：１容量％の水分添加でも相分離しなかった燃料は、全燃料を燃焼室に噴射した。
The fuel supply was as follows.
Phase-separated fuel: The light oil phase of the fuel phase-separated with water addition of 1% by volume is supplied to the combustion chamber, the alcohol phase is supplied to the intake pipe, and light oil combustion is performed under low-load conditions, and alcohol is supplied under high-load conditions. Main combustion was used.
Fuel not phase-separated: The fuel that did not phase-separate even with the addition of 1% by volume of water was injected into the combustion chamber.
＜従来型ディーゼル（ＤＩ）エンジン適合性＞
上述のエンジンを用いて、供試燃料を燃料噴射時期１５（°ＢＴＤＣ）で、エンジンに噴射して従来型ディーゼル燃焼を達成し、各燃料の着火遅れ（ＩＤ）を測定した。燃料−１（市販軽油）に比較し、顕著にＩＤが長くなったことによる運転性の悪化が観察された場合を「判定（×）」と、観察されない場合を「判定（○）」と評価した。
<Conventional diesel (DI) engine compatibility>
Using the above-described engine, the test fuel was injected into the engine at the fuel injection timing 15 (° BTDC) to achieve conventional diesel combustion, and the ignition delay (ID) of each fuel was measured. Compared to Fuel-1 (commercially available light oil), the case where deterioration in drivability due to a significantly longer ID was observed was evaluated as “determination (x)”, and the case where it was not observed was evaluated as “determination (◯)” did.
＜相分離の判定方法＞
室温で、共栓付きメスシリンダー容器に供試燃料を１００（ｍｌ）秤量し、蒸留水を１（ｍｌ）添加して、手動で１分間激しく振って攪拌し、軽油相とアルコール相に分離するか否かを３０分間観察した。３分以内に、明確な界面を持って（エマルジョン相を形成しないで）、供試燃料の炭化水素とアルコールの混合比率に準じて分離した場合を「判定（○）」と、相分離が観察されない場合や３分を超えてもエマルジョン相が残存したり、軽油相やアルコール相が不透明な場合を「判定（×）」とした。
<Method for judging phase separation>
At room temperature, weigh 100 (ml) of the test fuel into a graduated cylinder with a stopper, add 1 (ml) of distilled water, and shake it vigorously by hand for 1 minute to separate it into a light oil phase and an alcohol phase. Whether or not was observed for 30 minutes. Within 3 minutes, with a clear interface (without forming an emulsion phase), the phase separation is observed when the separation is performed according to the mixing ratio of the hydrocarbon and alcohol of the test fuel as “determination (○)” The case where the emulsion phase remained or the light oil phase or the alcohol phase was opaque even if not over 3 minutes was determined as “determination (x)”.
表１から明らかなように、本発明で規定する性状を満たす軽油組成物を用いた場合、低負荷及び高負荷条件下でＰＣＩ燃焼が可能であり、ＣＯ２と排出ガスの同時削減に大きく寄与することができる。 As is apparent from Table 1, when a light oil composition that satisfies the properties defined in the present invention is used, PCI combustion is possible under low and high load conditions, which greatly contributes to the simultaneous reduction of CO2 and exhaust gas. be able to.
＜評価結果＞
表１に示した各燃料の評価結果は以下の通りである。
・燃料−１、燃料−２、燃料−３：炭化水素で構成される多成分系燃料であり、水分の添加で着火性の大きく異なる２種類の燃料に分離することはできないので、低負荷条件下ではＰＣＩ燃焼が成立するが、高負荷条件下ではＰＣＩ燃焼を得られない。判定（×）
・燃料−４、燃料−６：１容量％の水分の添加で軽油相（高着火性）とアルコール相（低着火性）に分離するので、エンジン条件に拘わらずＰＣＩ燃焼を達成できる。判定（○）。また、該組成物の着火性は、燃料−１には劣るが、ＤＩエンジン試験でのＩＤへの悪影響は小さく、ＤＩエンジン適合性もある。判定（○）
・燃料−５：１容量％の水分の添加で軽油相とアルコール相に分離するので、エンジン条件に拘わらずＰＣＩ燃焼を達成できる。判定（○）。また、該組成物の着火性は、燃料−１とほぼ同等であり、ＤＩエンジン適合性にも優れている。判定（○）
・燃料−７：１容量％の水分の添加でも軽油相とアルコール相に分離しないので、広範囲なエンジン条件でＰＣＩ燃焼を達成できない。判定（×）
・燃料−８：１容量％の水分の添加でも軽油相とアルコール相に分離しないので、広範囲なエンジン条件でＰＣＩ燃焼を達成できない。判定（×）。なお、添加水分量を増すと相分離が見られるものの、分離に時間がかかることなどから、商品性の観点から問題がある。判定（×）
・燃料−９：水分を添加しなくても均一な溶液を得ることができないので、判定は（×）である。
・燃料−１０：１容量％の水分の添加では軽油相とアルコール相に分離しないので、広範囲なエンジン条件でＰＣＩ燃焼を達成できない。判定（×）。さらに、該組成物の着火性は、燃料−１に比較して大きく悪化するので、ＤＩエンジン適合性にも問題がある。判定（×）
<Evaluation results>
The evaluation results of each fuel shown in Table 1 are as follows.
・ Fuel-1, Fuel-2, Fuel-3: Multi-component fuel composed of hydrocarbons, and cannot be separated into two types of fuels with greatly different ignitability by the addition of moisture. PCI combustion is established below, but PCI combustion cannot be obtained under high load conditions. Judgment (×)
-Fuel-4, fuel-6: Separation into a light oil phase (high ignitability) and an alcohol phase (low ignitability) by the addition of 1% by volume of water makes it possible to achieve PCI combustion regardless of engine conditions. Judgment (O). Moreover, although the ignitability of the composition is inferior to that of fuel-1, the adverse effect on the ID in the DI engine test is small, and there is compatibility with the DI engine. Judgment (○)
Fuel-5: Separation into a light oil phase and an alcohol phase by addition of 1% by volume of water can achieve PCI combustion regardless of engine conditions. Judgment (O). In addition, the ignitability of the composition is almost the same as that of fuel-1 and excellent in DI engine compatibility. Judgment (○)
・ Fuel-7: Since the addition of 1% by volume of water does not separate the light oil phase and the alcohol phase, PCI combustion cannot be achieved over a wide range of engine conditions. Judgment (×)
-Fuel-8: Since the addition of water at 1% by volume does not separate into a light oil phase and an alcohol phase, PCI combustion cannot be achieved over a wide range of engine conditions. Judgment (×). In addition, although phase separation is seen when the amount of added water is increased, there is a problem from the viewpoint of merchantability because separation takes time. Judgment (×)
Fuel-9: Since a uniform solution cannot be obtained without adding water, the judgment is (x).
-Fuel-10% by volume of water does not separate into light oil phase and alcohol phase, so PCI combustion cannot be achieved over a wide range of engine conditions. Judgment (×). Furthermore, since the ignitability of the composition is greatly deteriorated compared to Fuel-1, there is also a problem in DI engine compatibility. Judgment (×)
Claims (2)
ベース軽油と、炭素数２のアルコールと、炭素数４のアルコールとを含み、
前記炭素数２のアルコールに対する前記炭素数４のアルコールの容量比が０．２〜１．０であり、
前記ベース軽油に対する前記アルコールの合計の容量比が０．１〜１．２であり、
セタン価が３９以上であることを特徴とする軽油組成物。 Light oil composition for premixed compression ignition (PCI) engines that injects moisture into a light oil composition on-site and separates it into a light oil phase and an alcohol phase to obtain two types of fuel , light oil and alcohol, to achieve PCI combustion A thing,
Including base gas oil, alcohol having 2 carbon atoms and alcohol having 4 carbon atoms,
The volume ratio of the C4 alcohol to the C2 alcohol is 0.2 to 1.0,
The total volume ratio of the alcohol to the base light oil is 0.1 to 1.2,
A gas oil composition having a cetane number of 39 or more.
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