JP5523991B2 - High hardness projection material for shot peening - Google Patents
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- JP5523991B2 JP5523991B2 JP2010190299A JP2010190299A JP5523991B2 JP 5523991 B2 JP5523991 B2 JP 5523991B2 JP 2010190299 A JP2010190299 A JP 2010190299A JP 2010190299 A JP2010190299 A JP 2010190299A JP 5523991 B2 JP5523991 B2 JP 5523991B2
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
- 238000005480 shot peening Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、高硬度、高靭性で安価なショットピーニング用高硬度投射材に関するもので
ある。
The present invention relates to a high-hardness projection material for shot peening that has high hardness, high toughness and is inexpensive.
一般に、ショットピーニングは被処理材の表面に投射材と呼ばれる粒子を投射し、圧縮残留応力を付与し、疲労強度を改善できる有効な表面処理方法であり、ばねやギヤ等の自動車部品、あるいは金型材などにも適用されている。浸炭焼入れ処理を行なったギヤなど、被処理材の高硬度化が進んでおり、これら部材への投射材にも高硬度化が求められている。すなわち、表面硬度の高い被処理材に対し、低硬度な投射材を用いたショットピーニングでは高い圧縮残留応力が得られない。また、自動車部品等の更なる軽量化要求に伴い、益々高硬度な被処理材をショットピーニングする必要があるため、さらに高硬度を有する投射材が求められている。 Generally, shot peening is an effective surface treatment method that can improve the fatigue strength by projecting particles called a blasting material onto the surface of the material to be treated, thereby providing a compressive residual stress. It is also applied to mold materials. Hardness of materials to be treated such as gears that have undergone carburizing and quenching has been increasing, and high hardness is also required for the projection material to these members. That is, high compressive residual stress cannot be obtained by shot peening using a low hardness projection material for a material to be processed having a high surface hardness. In addition, along with the demand for further weight reduction of automobile parts and the like, it is necessary to shot-peen a material having a higher hardness, and thus a projection material having a higher hardness is required.
高硬度な投射材としてはジルコニアビーズやアルミナビーズなどのセラミックス系の投射材があるが、これらのセラミックスは金属粉末と比較し靭性が低いため、ショットピーニングにより破砕しやすく、投射材としての寿命が短くランニングコストが高い。さらに、密度が低いため、被処理材に衝突した時のエネルギーが小さく、大きな圧縮残留応力が得られない。したがって、高密度を有する投射材も要求されている。 High-hardness projectiles include ceramic-based projectiles such as zirconia beads and alumina beads, but these ceramics have lower toughness than metal powders, so they are easily crushed by shot peening and have a long life as a projectile. Short running cost is high. Furthermore, since the density is low, the energy when colliding with the material to be processed is small, and a large compressive residual stress cannot be obtained. Therefore, a projection material having a high density is also required.
上記のような課題に対し、１４００ＨＶを超えるような高硬度および高靭性を有する超
硬製投射材、例えば、特開平８−３２３６２６号公報（特許文献１）が使用されているが、汎用の鋳鋼製投射材などと比較し非常に高価である。また、特開２００２−３６１１５号公報（特許文献２）には、高硬度および高靭性を有する鉄系アモルファス投射材が提案されているが硬度の上限は１１００ＨＶで実施例においては１０００ＨＶが最も高硬度となっており、１１００ＨＶを超えるような金属粉末を製造するのは非常に困難である。
上述したような問題を解消するために、本発明者らは、高硬度、高靭性で安価な投射材として、特開２００７−８４８５８号公報（特許文献３）において、Ｆｅ2 Ｂ系硼化物とＢＣＣおよび／またはＦＣＣの鉄基固溶体よりなる、Ｂを５〜８質量％含む投射材を提案してきた。この投射材は、Ｆｅ2 Ｂを共晶組織が結合するミクロ組織とすることができ、高い硬度と靭性を有し、実用レベルのコストで製造できる優れた投射材であるが、更なる投射材の高硬度化、高密度化要求に応えるべく、高硬度、高密度を実現する添加元素を鋭意検討した結果、種々の添加元素のうちＷ添加が効果的であり、かつ上限を規制することにより、高靭性も両立できることを見出し、本発明に至った。 In order to solve the above-described problems, the present inventors have disclosed an Fe 2 B-based boride in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-84858 (Patent Document 3) as a high hardness, high toughness and inexpensive projection material. A projection material containing 5 to 8% by mass of B, which is made of an iron-based solid solution of BCC and / or FCC, has been proposed. This blasting material can be made into a microstructure in which Fe 2 B is combined with a eutectic structure, has high hardness and toughness, and is an excellent blasting material that can be manufactured at a practical level cost. As a result of intensive investigation of additive elements that achieve high hardness and high density in order to meet the demands for higher hardness and higher density, W addition is effective among various additive elements and the upper limit is regulated. The inventors have found that high toughness can be achieved, and have reached the present invention.
したがって、本発明における最も重要な特徴は、Ｗ添加により硬度、密度、靭性のバランスを効果的に向上させたことである。特に硬度はＷ添加量により複雑に変化することを見出し、良好な添加量を明らかとした。その発明の要旨とするところは、
（１）Ｂを５〜８質量％、Ｗを６質量％以下（０％を除く）、Ｃｒを２５質量％以下（０％を含む）含み、残部Ｆｅおよび不可避的不純物よりなることを特徴としたショットピーニング用高硬度投射材。
（２）Ａｌを１０質量％以下（０％を含む）、Ｃを１質量％以下（０％を含む）含み、残部Ｆｅおよび不可避的不純物よりなることを特徴とした前記（１）に記載のショットピーニング用高硬度投射材にある。
Therefore, the most important feature in the present invention is that the balance of hardness, density and toughness is effectively improved by adding W. In particular, it has been found that the hardness varies in a complicated manner depending on the amount of W added, and a good amount added has been clarified. The gist of the invention is that
(1) 5 to 8% by mass of B, 6% by mass or less (excluding 0%) of W, 25% by mass or less (including 0%) of Cr, and the balance Fe and inevitable impurities High-hardness projection material for shot peening.
(2) As described in (1) above, wherein Al is 10% by mass or less (including 0%), C is 1% by mass or less (including 0%), and the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities. It is in high-hardness projection material for shot peening.
以上述べたように、本発明により、高硬度、高靱性で安価なショットピーニング用高硬度投射材を提供することができる優れた効果を奏するものである。 As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a high-hardness projection material for shot peening that has high hardness, high toughness, and is inexpensive.
以下、本発明についての限定理由について説明する。
Ｂ：５〜８質量％
本合金において、Ｂは、Ｆｅ2 Ｂを生成し、高硬度化を図るための必須元素である。しかし、５％未満では十分な硬度が得られず、また、８％を超えると脆くなることから、その範囲を５〜８％とした。
Hereinafter, the reasons for limitation of the present invention will be described.
B: 5 to 8% by mass
In this alloy, B is an essential element for producing Fe 2 B and achieving high hardness. However, if it is less than 5%, sufficient hardness cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 8%, it becomes brittle, so the range was made 5 to 8%.
Ｗ：６質量％以下（０％を除く）
本合金において、Ｗは高硬度化および高密度化に効果のある添加元素である。４％以下の添加においては、添加量の増加にともない硬度および密度が上昇し、靭性の低下が顕著でないため積極的に添加することが好ましい。しかし、４％を超え６％以下の範囲では、硬度および靭性がわずかに低下するものの、密度が上昇するため添加してもよい。しかしながら、６％を超える添加においては、密度は上昇するものの、硬度および靭性の低下が顕著であるため、Ｗ添加量の上限を６％とした。好ましくは、１〜５％とする。
W: 6% by mass or less (excluding 0%)
In the present alloy, W is an additive element effective for increasing the hardness and increasing the density. In addition of 4% or less, since the hardness and density increase with an increase in addition amount and the decrease in toughness is not remarkable, it is preferable to add it positively. However, in the range of more than 4% and 6% or less, although the hardness and toughness are slightly lowered, the density may be increased, so it may be added. However, when the content exceeds 6%, the density increases, but the decrease in hardness and toughness is remarkable. Therefore, the upper limit of the amount of W added is set to 6%. Preferably, it is 1 to 5%.
Ｃｒ：２５質量％以下（０％を含む）
本合金において、Ｃｒは耐食性改善に効果のある元素であり、必要に応じて添加することができる。ただし、２５％を超えて添加するとアトマイズ時にノズル閉塞を起こす。したがって、上限を２５％とした。好ましくは１５％以下とする。
Cr: 25% by mass or less (including 0%)
In this alloy, Cr is an element effective in improving corrosion resistance, and can be added as necessary. However, if it exceeds 25%, nozzle clogging occurs during atomization. Therefore, the upper limit is set to 25%. Preferably it is 15% or less.
Ａｌ：１０質量％以下（０％を含む）
本合金において、Ａｌは主に鉄基固溶体相中に固溶し、耐食性を改善する効果のある元素であり、必要に応じて添加することができる。ただし、１０％を超えて添加すると顕著に脆化する。したがって、その上限を１０％とした。好ましくは５％以下とする。
Al: 10% by mass or less (including 0%)
In the present alloy, Al is an element which is mainly dissolved in the iron-based solid solution phase and has an effect of improving the corrosion resistance, and can be added as necessary. However, when it exceeds 10%, it embrittles significantly. Therefore, the upper limit was made 10%. Preferably it is 5% or less.
Ｃ：１質量％以下（０％を含む）
本合金において、Ｃは高硬度化の効果のある元素であり、必要に応じて添加することができる。ただし、１％を超えて添加すると顕著に脆化する。したがって、その上限を１％とした。好ましくは０．５％以下とする。
C: 1% by mass or less (including 0%)
In this alloy, C is an element having an effect of increasing hardness, and can be added as necessary. However, when it exceeds 1%, it embrittles remarkably. Therefore, the upper limit was made 1%. Preferably it is 0.5% or less.
以下、本発明について実施例によって具体的に説明する。
表２に示す組成に秤量した原料を耐火物製坩堝でアルゴン雰囲気中にて誘導溶解し、坩堝底部の出湯ノズルより出湯し、ガスアトマイズにて粉末を製造した。得られた粉末を４５〜１２５μｍに分級し、樹脂埋め、研磨した試料を用い、ミクロビッカース硬度計により荷重３００ｇで硬さを測定した。脆さについては、前述の樹脂埋め試料を用い、ビッカース硬度計にて２００ｇ〜１０００ｇの荷重で５点圧痕を打ち、５点中１点でもクラックが発生した最低の荷重で評価した。また、この最低荷重が小さい粉末は脆いと判断し、５００ｇ以上を○、３００ｇ以下を×とした。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.
The raw materials weighed to the composition shown in Table 2 were induction-dissolved in an argon atmosphere with a refractory crucible, discharged from a hot water discharge nozzle at the bottom of the crucible, and powdered by gas atomization. The obtained powder was classified into 45 to 125 μm, a resin-filled and polished sample was used, and the hardness was measured with a load of 300 g using a micro Vickers hardness meter. About the brittleness, the above-mentioned resin-embedded sample was used, a 5-point indentation was made with a load of 200 g to 1000 g with a Vickers hardness tester, and the evaluation was performed with the lowest load at which one point out of 5 cracks occurred. Moreover, it was judged that the powder with a small minimum load was fragile, and 500 g or more was evaluated as ◯, and 300 g or less was evaluated as x.
また、密度については、得られた粉末を５００μｍ以下に分級し、ガス置換法により密度を測定した。さらに、耐食性については、ガラス板に貼った両面テープ上に４５〜１２５μｍに分級した粉末を敷詰め、これを温度が７０℃、湿度が９５％、処理時間が９６時間の条件で、湿潤試験した。全面に発銹したものを△、一部の発銹に留まったものを○とした。 Moreover, about the density, the obtained powder was classified to 500 micrometers or less, and the density was measured by the gas substitution method. Furthermore, for corrosion resistance, powder classified to 45 to 125 μm was spread on a double-sided tape affixed to a glass plate, and this was subjected to a wet test under conditions of a temperature of 70 ° C., a humidity of 95%, and a treatment time of 96 hours. . Those that occurred on the entire surface were marked with △, and those that remained on a part of the surface were marked with ○.
さらに、Ｗ添加量による硬さ、脆さ、密度、耐食性の変化について、諸特性に及ぼすＷ添加量の影響を評価するため、８％のＣｒと６．５％のＢを添加して残部がＦｅである粉末と、この組成にＦｅの一部に代えてＷを２％、４％、６％、８％、１２％、１６％添加した各組成の粉末とを作製し、これらについての硬さ、脆さ、密度を評価した。その結果を図１〜３に示す。 Furthermore, in order to evaluate the influence of the W addition amount on various properties with respect to changes in hardness, brittleness, density, and corrosion resistance due to the W addition amount, 8% Cr and 6.5% B are added and the balance is left. Powders of Fe and powders of respective compositions in which W was added to this composition in place of a part of Fe, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 12%, 16%, were prepared. The thickness, brittleness and density were evaluated. The results are shown in FIGS.
図１は、硬さに及ぼすＷ添加量との関係を示すグラフである。この図に示すように、硬さに及ぼすＷ添加量の影響は、４％までは増加し、その後８％までは低下した。６％添加で無添加とほぼ同等である。８％以上では再び増加した。図２は、脆さに及ぼすＷ添加量との関係を示すグラフである。この図２に示すように、８％を超えると顕著に脆くなったことが分かる。 FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship with the amount of W added to the hardness. As shown in this figure, the effect of the amount of W added on the hardness increased up to 4% and then decreased to 8%. 6% addition is almost equivalent to no addition. Above 8%, it increased again. FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship with the amount of W added to the brittleness. As shown in FIG. 2, it can be seen that when the content exceeds 8%, the material becomes significantly brittle.
図３は、密度に及ぼすＷ添加量との関係を示すグラフである。この図３に示すように、密度に及ぼすＷ添加量の影響は、直線的に増加した。耐食性に及ぼすＷ添加量の影響は顕著でなく、いずれも良好な耐食性を示した。また、表１に耐食性に関する評価の結果を示す。 FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of W added and the density. As shown in FIG. 3, the influence of the W addition amount on the density increased linearly. The influence of the amount of W added on the corrosion resistance was not significant, and all showed good corrosion resistance. Table 1 shows the results of evaluation regarding corrosion resistance.
比較例Ｎｏ．１４は、Ｂ含有量が低いために、硬度が低い。比較例Ｎｏ．１５は、Ｂ含有量が高いために、クラック発生最低荷重が小さく粉末が脆い。比較例Ｎｏ．１６は、Ｗ含有量が高いために、クラック発生最低荷重が小さく粉末が脆い。比較例Ｎｏ．１７は、Ｃｒ含有量が高いために、ガスアトマイズ時にノズル閉塞したため、調査ができなかった。 Comparative Example No. No. 14 has a low hardness because the B content is low. Comparative Example No. No. 15, since the B content is high, the minimum crack generation load is small and the powder is brittle. Comparative Example No. In No. 16, since the W content is high, the minimum crack generation load is small and the powder is brittle. Comparative Example No. Since No. 17 had a high Cr content, the nozzle was clogged during gas atomization, and thus could not be investigated.
比較例Ｎｏ．１８は、Ａｌ含有量が高いために、クラック発生最低荷重が小さく粉末が脆い。比較例Ｎｏ．１９は、Ｃ含有量が高いために、クラック発生最低荷重が小さく粉末が脆い。これに対し、本発明例Ｎｏ．１〜１３は、いずれも本発明の条件を満たしていることから、硬度、クラック発生最低荷重、密度の特性に優れていることが分かる。 Comparative Example No. In No. 18, since the Al content is high, the minimum crack generation load is small and the powder is brittle. Comparative Example No. In No. 19, since the C content is high, the minimum crack generation load is small and the powder is brittle. On the other hand, the present invention example No. Nos. 1 to 13 satisfy the conditions of the present invention, and thus it is understood that the properties of hardness, minimum crack generation load, and density are excellent.
以上のように、本発明によるＷ添加により硬度、密度、靱性のバランスを効果的に向上させることにより、特に硬度はＷ添加量により複雑な変化することから、良好な添加量を明らかにすることで、高硬度、高靱性でしかも安価なショットピーニング用高硬度投射材を得ることができる極めて優れた効果を奏するものである。 As described above, by effectively improving the balance of hardness, density and toughness by the addition of W according to the present invention, particularly the hardness changes in a complex manner depending on the amount of addition of W. Thus, it is possible to obtain an extremely excellent effect of obtaining a high-hardness, high-toughness and low-cost shot peening high-hardness projection material.
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