JP5514543B2 - 小胞体ストレス反応を調節するハンセヌラポリモルファの新規遺伝子、およびこれを用いて分泌効果を増加させる方法 - Google Patents
小胞体ストレス反応を調節するハンセヌラポリモルファの新規遺伝子、およびこれを用いて分泌効果を増加させる方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
真核単細胞微生物である酵母は、高等生物と同一の細胞内小器官を備え、非常に類似のタンパク質分泌メカニズムを保有しているため、人体由来タンパク質を発現するための経済性が高く、操作が容易な組み換え発現宿主として脚光を浴びている。
本発明の他の目的は、前記タンパク質をコードする核酸を提供することにある。好ましくは、該核酸は、配列番号2に示される核酸配列、又はこの遺伝子に特異的なスプライシング前の、配列番号2の前駆体である配列番号1に示される核酸配列、又は配列番号1の断片を含む。
本発明の別の目的は、前記組み換えベクターで形質転換された大腸菌宿主細胞を提供することにある。
本発明の別の目的は、分泌ストレス解消反応に参与する遺伝子の発現を増加させる新規の転写因子遺伝子HpHAC1を欠損または変異させ、小胞体ストレス反応が減少したハンセヌラポリモルファ変異株を提供することにある。
本発明の別の目的は、前記HpHAC1遺伝子の常時発現または過発現を介して、組み換えタンパク質の分泌発現能力が向上した生産宿主を製作する方法を提供することにある。
全ての真核細胞において、外部に分泌されるタンパク質は、翻訳と同時に、小胞体という細胞内小器官へ移動し、そこでフォールディングと修飾過程が行われる。したがって、過発現プロモータなどを用いて組み換えタンパク質を大量で分泌発現すると、小胞体内のフォールディングと修飾を担当するタンパク質が処理可能な量を超過して入る場合が頻繁に発生する。このような特性タンパク質の過発現などによってフォールディングまたは修飾が不完全なタンパク質が小胞体内に蓄積されると、これは細胞にストレスとして作用し、激しい場合には成長阻害または怪死になることまである。
伝統酵母であるサッカロミセスセレビシエでは、主にIRE1と呼ばれる膜タンパク質が、フォールディングが不完全なタンパク質を認識して核酸分解活性が活性化されると、唯一の基質として知られている転写因子HAC1の前駆体mRNAを切断する。このように切断されたHCA1のmRNAはtRNA接合酵素(リガーゼ)によって接合され、HAC1固有の特異的スプライシングが起り、始めてHac1タンパク質が翻訳されて出ることになる。
通常、HAC1遺伝子の前駆体mRNAは、2次元的な構造なので、タンパク質をコードする翻訳過程が行われず、Ire1タンパク質によるスプライシング過程が行われる場合にのみタンパク質の翻訳が行われ得る。したがって、HpHac1タンパク質はスプライシングされた後の塩基配列によって決定され、このように発現されたタンパク質はUPR経路にある一群の遺伝子の発現を増加させる転写因子活性を有する。本発明によって明らかになった転写因子活性を持つHpHac1タンパク質のアミノ酸配列が配列番号3に示されている。
本発明で使用された用語「UPRターゲット遺伝子」とは、小胞体で発生した小胞体ストレス反応を解消するために発現が増加する遺伝子を指称し、小胞体内でタンパク質のフォールディングと修飾を助けて分泌効率を増加させる遺伝子を含む。好ましくは、実施例5でマイクロアレイ実験によって明らかになった一群の遺伝子を含む。
ハンセヌラポリモルファのHpHac1タンパク質をコードする核酸配列は、好ましくは配列番号1または2に示される核酸配列を有する。配列番号1は、非活性型の前駆体mRNAであり、分泌ストレスを受けると、スプライシングと呼ばれる切断と接合によって配列番号2のmRNAに変換される。本発明者らは、実際タンパク質コード配列である配列番号2に示される核酸配列を有するハンセヌラポリモルファのHpHAC1遺伝子をGenBankに寄託番号第DQ679915号で寄託した。また、前記遺伝子を含む組み換えベクターpGAP−HpHAC1sを製作した後、大腸菌(Escherichia coli)DH5α菌株に形質転換によって導入して2006年6月13日にKCTC(Korean Collection for Type Cultures、韓国大田市儒城区魚慇洞52番地所在の韓国生命工学研究院)に寄託番号第KCTC10960BP号で寄託した。
このような組み換えベクターは、好ましくは配列番号3に示されるアミノ酸配列またはこれと90%以上の相同性を示すアミノ酸配列を有し、UPRターゲット遺伝子の発現を増加させる転写因子活性を示すタンパク質をコードする核酸配列を含む。
好ましいベクターは、プロモータ、開始コドン、終止コドン、ポリアデニル化シグナルおよびエンハンサなどの発現調節エレメントの他にも、膜標的化または分泌のためのシグナル配列またはリーダー配列を含み、目的に応じて多様に製造できる。
また、本発明者らは、前記組み換えベクターをハンセヌラポリモルファにも導入してHpHAC1タンパク質が常時発現される形質転換宿主を製作した。前記宿主は、常時発現されるHpHAC1タンパク質によってUPRターゲット遺伝子の発現量が増加して分泌発現能力が向上するという特徴を持つ。
別の様態として、本発明は、前記組み換えベクターで形質転換されたハンセヌラポリモルファ宿主細胞を提供する。
別の様態として、本発明は、HpHAC1遺伝子を欠損または変異させることにより、小胞体ストレス反応が減少したハンセヌラポリモルファ変異株を提供する。
本発明では、ハンセヌラポリモルファ野生型菌株と前記Hphac1Δ変異株を対象としてマイクロアレイ実験を行い、HpHac1タンパク質が直接発現を調節するUPRターゲット遺伝子が選別された。このような遺伝子群には、小胞体におけるタンパク質のフォールディングを助けるシャペロン(chaperone)および二硫化結合を助ける遺伝子(KAR2、ERO1、SCJ1、LHS1、PDI1など)が含まれ、糖タンパク質のグリコシル化を助けるタンパク質群が多く含まれる。また、タンパク質の分泌のために必要な小胞体とゴルジ体間の小胞移動に関連した遺伝子(SEC66、SEC61、SEC31、SEC4、TPM1、VPS29、SEC21、SEC26、RET2)も含まれる。
別の様態として、本発明は、HpHAC1遺伝子の常時発現または過発現によって組み換えタンパク質の分泌発現能力が向上した生産宿主を製作する方法を提供する。
(実施例1)
ハンセヌラポリモルファHpHAC1のスプライシング確認
最近完成されたハンセヌラポリモルファに対する遺伝体塩基配列データベース(Ramezani-Red et al., FEMS Yeast Res., 4, 207-5, 2003)から、サッカロミセスセレビシエのUPR調節転写因子であるScHAC1遺伝子と最も類似性を示すORF(open reading frame)の塩基配列情報を得ることができたが(図1A)、その類似性が15%程度と非常に低いため、実験によってその予測が合うかを確認する必要があった。前記遺伝子が実際サッカロミセスセレビシエのScHAC1に対応する遺伝子であるかを確認するために、最も大きい特徴であるUPR条件でその遺伝子が特異的にスプライシングされるかを逆転写重合酵素連鎖反応(RT−PCR)を用いて確認した。ハンセヌラポリモルファDL−1菌株(Levine and Cooney, Appl. Microbiol., 26, 982-990, (1973))に分泌タンパク質ストレス誘発物質としてのDTTを様々な濃度で処理した後、細胞を回収して液体窒素で急速冷却させ、しかる後に、−70℃に保管した。
ハンセヌラポリモルファにおけるUPR(unfold protein response)誘導条件の探索
UPR反応が誘導されたかは、逆転写酵素重合反応(RT−PCR)を用いてHpHAC1遺伝子のスプライシング有無(図3A)および伝統的なUPRターゲット遺伝子の発現量増加(図3B)によって確認した。ハンセヌラポリモルファCBS4732に由来したA16菌株を用いてツニカマイシンなどのグリコシル化阻害剤処理、DTT(Dithiothreitol)による還元ストレス誘発およびブレフェルジン(Blefeldin)A処理によるタンパク質の小胞体移動妨害などの多様な分泌ストレスを誘発し、どれほどの濃度でUPR反応が起るかを探索した。
まず、酵母の培養のためには、グルコースを主炭素源として含んでいるYPD(酵母抽出物1%、バクトペプトン2%、グルコース2%)培地を主に使用した。3mLのYPD培地に170rpmにて37℃で16時間種菌培養した後、50mLのYPD培地に600nmにおけるOD(OD600)が0.1となるように接種し、しかる後に、同一の条件で本培養してOD600が0.3〜0.4となる時点で細胞を回収した。これらの細胞をpH5.4のYPD培地と多様な濃度のツニカマイシン、DTTおよびブレフェルジンAを含むpH5.4のYPD培地に均等に分注して同一条件で培養し、30分、1時間、2時間となる時点でそれぞれのOD600値を測定し、細胞を回収した。そして、これらの細胞からのRNAの抽出、精製および逆転写重合酵素連鎖反応は実施例1と同様の方法を用いて行った。HpHAC1のスプライシング確認のためには、表1に記述されたプライマーHpHAC1−S−forとHaHAC1−S−revを使用した。伝統的なUPRターゲット遺伝子の発現量確認実験のためには、表2に記述されたプライマーを用いて重合酵素連鎖反応実験を行った。
HpHAC1遺伝子欠損および過発現菌株の製作と特性分析
HpHAC1遺伝子が欠損されたハンセヌラポリモルファ変異株を製作するために、融合重合酵素連鎖反応(PCR)と細胞内遺伝子組み換え(in vivo DNA recombination)技術を用いて遺伝子を欠損した(Oldenburg et al., Nucleic Acid Res., 25, 451, 1997)。
ハンセヌラポリモルファ野性型とHpHAC1欠損菌株の遺伝子発現様相の分析
前記実施例3で言及したように、HpHAC1欠損菌株は、野性型より成長が遅くてその理由に対する端緒を探すために、代表的な機能遺伝体研究方法であるマイクロアレイ実験方法を使用した。野生型菌株としては、ハンセヌラポリモルファDL1菌株にロイシン遺伝子が入ったDL1L菌株を使用し、HpHAC1欠損菌株(Hphac1Δ)としては、前記実施例3で製作された菌株を使用した。ブドウ糖を主炭素源として含んでいる複合培地であるYPDで培養し、指数成長期時点で2つの菌株をそれぞれ回収し、それからRNA分離精製して全体転写体の量の差異をマイクロアレイによって比較分析した(図3)。
HpHac1タンパク質が調節するUPRターゲット遺伝子の選別
HpHac1タンパク質が調節するUPRターゲット遺伝子を選別するために、2種のマイクロアレイ実験を行った。まず、野生型菌株を対象として指数成長期まで培養し、2つに分け、一方はツニカマイシンまたはDTTを処理した後で培養し続け、もう一方は対照区として無処理で培養した。30分、60分および120分でそれぞれ細胞を回収し、実施例4と同様にしてマイクロアレイ実験を行った(図8Aの左)。第2のマイクロアレイ実験では、野生型菌株とHphac1Δ菌株をそれぞれ指数成長期まで培養した後、2つの細胞にツニカマイシンまたはDTTを処理してそれぞれ30分、60分および120分で細胞を回収した後、マイクロアレイ実験を行った(図8Aの右)。
本発明によれば、HpHac1タンパク質の常時発現または過発現によってハンセヌラポリモルファの分泌発現能力および成長能力を向上させることが可能な方法を提供することができる。
Claims (10)
- 配列番号3に示されるアミノ酸配列を有し、分泌ストレス解消反応に参与する遺伝子の発現を増加させる活性を示すタンパク質。
- 請求項1のタンパク質をコードする核酸。
- 配列番号1または2に示されるヌクレオチド配列を有する、請求項2に記載の核酸。
- 請求項2の核酸を含む組み換えベクター。
- 配列番号2に示されるDNA遺伝子を含む組み換えベクター。
- 寄託番号第KCTC10960BP号で寄託された組み換えベクター。
- 請求項4の組み換えベクターで形質転換されたハンセヌラポリモルファ変異株。
- ハンセヌラポリモルファ由来の転写因子遺伝子HpHAC1であって、配列番号2に示されるヌクレオチド配列を有する、前記転写因子遺伝子を欠損または変異させることにより、小胞体ストレス反応が減少したハンセヌラポリモルファ変異株。
- 分泌ストレス解消反応に参与する遺伝子の発現を増加させる転写因子遺伝子HpHAC1であって、配列番号2に示されるヌクレオチド配列を有する、前記転写因子遺伝子。
- 請求項7または8の変異株を用いる段階を含む、組み換えタンパク質の製造方法。
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