JP5502228B2 - Outer joint member of fixed type constant velocity universal joint - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an outer joint member of a fixed type constant velocity universal joint.

  The constant velocity universal joint includes a fixed type constant velocity universal joint that allows only angular displacement and a sliding type constant velocity universal joint that allows not only angular displacement but also axial displacement. Fixed constant velocity universal joints include barfield type (BJ) and undercut free type (UJ). Sliding constant velocity universal joints include double offset type constant velocity universal joints (DOJ) and cross grooves. Type constant velocity universal joint (LJ).

  The BJ type fixed type constant velocity universal joint has an outer ring as an outer joint member in which a plurality of track grooves are formed in the inner spherical surface along the axial direction at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and a track groove of the outer ring is formed on the outer spherical surface. A plurality of track grooves that form an inner joint member formed along the axial direction at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and a plurality of torque grooves that are interposed between the track grooves of the outer ring and the track grooves of the inner ring. And a cage for holding the ball interposed between the inner spherical surface of the outer ring and the outer spherical surface of the inner ring. The cage is provided with a plurality of window portions for receiving balls along the circumferential direction.

  In a constant velocity universal joint for automobiles, carbon steel for machine structure having a larger carbon content than hardened steel is used as a material of an outer ring (outer joint member) in order to ensure rigidity. The carbon steel for mechanical structure of the outer joint member used for the constant velocity universal joint is a material that is difficult to cold forge because it is hard. Conversely, in cold forging processed in a greenhouse or the like, the deformability of the material is greatly reduced and the deformation resistance is very high compared to hot forging, so the materials that can be forged are limited. Here, the deformation resistance is a stress necessary to deform the material. When this deformation resistance is large, the processing force increases and the stress acting on the mold increases, so that the mold is likely to be worn, deformed, or broken. Deformability is a property that can be deformed without breaking, and is evaluated based on the limit of crack generation during forging, that is, the degree of processing or strain.

  By the way, the outer joint member (outer ring) is a component requiring mechanical accuracy. For this reason, there is a technical common sense that the conventional outer ring, which is a machine element, cannot be used for general cold forging, and there is no idea of cold forging. It was manufactured by turning to a close shape and grinding after heat treatment. Specifically, the inner spherical surface, the cup inlet chamfer, and the track inlet chamfer were cut, and after the heat treatment, the track grooves and the inner spherical surface were ground. For this reason, conventionally, cutting and grinding are frequently used as the post-process of forging as described above, so that the number of post-process steps is increased and the manufacturing cost is increased.

  For this reason, in recent years, proposals have been made to employ cold forging to reduce the number of machining steps (Patent Document 1).

JP 2002-346688 A

  However, when cold forging is adopted, it is improved under the technical common sense that cold forging is usually impossible, and only a portion that is easy to work is cold forged. Only cold forging. On the other hand, in the thing of the said patent document 1, most outer rings are cold forged.

  However, in Patent Document 1, although there is a description that each part is formed by cold forging, there is no description that it is finished by this cold forging. For this reason, in the manufacturing method of the outer ring | wheel described in this patent document 1, after performing cold forging, the finishing process in each site | part is required.

  In view of the above problems, the present invention provides an outer joint member of a fixed type constant velocity universal joint that can reduce post-processing after forging to reduce the number of processing steps, improve yield, and reduce manufacturing costs. To do.

  An outer joint member of a fixed type constant velocity universal joint according to the present invention is an outer joint member of a fixed type constant velocity universal joint having a cup portion and a shaft portion extending in the axial direction from the bottom portion of the cup portion, Made of structural carbon steel, on the inner diameter surface of the cup portion, the track groove, the inner spherical surface portion, the cup inlet chamfer formed along the entire circumference of the opening edge of the cup portion, and the boundary between the inner spherical surface portion and the track groove A track chamfer formed along the track portion, and a track entrance chamfer composed of a notch radius portion for ball bite mitigation provided at a portion corresponding to the ball contact point at the track entrance end of the track groove. Portion, cup inlet chamfer, track chamfer, track inlet chamfer, portion of the outer diameter surface of the cup portion excluding the boot mounting portion, and center of the end surface of the shaft portion Bet is one that has been finished by cold forging. Here, finishing by cold forging means that it is not necessary to perform finishing such as cutting or grinding after cold forging.

  According to the outer joint member of the fixed type constant velocity universal joint of the present invention, it is made of carbon steel for machine structure, and includes a track groove, an inner spherical surface portion, a cup inlet chamfer, a track chamfer, a track inlet chamfer, and a cup portion. Since the part excluding the boot mounting part on the outer diameter surface of the steel and the center hole of the end face of the shaft part are finished by cold forging, in these parts, cutting or grinding after conventional cold forging, etc. There is no need to perform the finishing process.

  The required accuracy of the inner spherical surface portion of the cup portion may be severe, and for this reason, finishing processing after heat treatment may be performed. Here, the heat treatment is, for example, induction hardening. The finishing process is a finishing process such as a cutting process or a grinding process. Induction hardening is a hardening method that applies the principle of heating a conductive object by placing a portion necessary for hardening in a coil through which high-frequency current flows and generating Joule heat by electromagnetic induction. Depending on the required accuracy of the inner spherical surface portion, the inner spherical surface portion can be kept in the finish by cold forging.

  A slit groove extending in the axial direction is formed in the inner spherical surface portion of the cup portion, and the width dimension of the slit groove is 5% with respect to the maximum width dimension of the inner spherical surface portion between adjacent track grooves in the circumferential direction. It is preferable to set it to -30%.

  If the slit groove extending in the axial direction is formed between the track grooves adjacent in the circumferential direction in the inner spherical surface portion of the outer joint member in this way, the outer joint is formed in the gap of the cold forging mold during cold forging. The surplus thickness of the material of the member does not enter, and a desired shape accuracy can be obtained for the inner spherical surface portion. In particular, if the width dimension of the slit groove is 5% to 30%, it becomes easy to release the outer joint member from the mold during cold forging, and the required area of the inner spherical surface portion of the outer joint member is ensured. And the required strength and durability can be ensured. If the slit groove width dimension is smaller than 5%, it is difficult to release the outer joint member from the mold during cold forging, and if the slit groove width dimension is larger than 30%, the outer It becomes difficult to secure the required area of the inner spherical surface portion of the joint member, leading to a decrease in strength and durability.

  At the opening end of the track groove, a notch round portion as the track entrance chamfer is provided at a portion corresponding to the ball contact point. Two notched round portions may be formed for each track groove, or may be provided on the entire opening end of the track groove (entire periphery of the opening end).

  By providing such a cut-out rounded portion, the ball is placed at the axial end portion of the track groove of the outer joint member for some reason when the constant velocity universal joint is operated at a high angle, in particular during use. Even if it is located, the cutout round portion can prevent the ball from biting into the axial end portion. At this time, it is preferable to finish the track groove and the notch round portion by simultaneous cold forging.

  The track inlet chamfer made up of notched round portions may be formed at the entire boundary between the track groove and the cup inlet chamfer. At this time, the track groove and the track inlet chamfer are finished by simultaneous cold forging. Is preferred.

  The track chamfer is preferably a convex round shape. If a convex round shape is used in this way, stress concentration in this portion can be avoided. At this time, the track groove and the track chamfer are preferably finished by simultaneous cold forging.

  The cross-sectional shape of the track groove is preferably a Gothic arch shape that makes angular contact with the ball, and the contact angle is preferably 35 ° to 45 °. With such a contact angle, the contact state of the ball with the track groove can be stabilized. If the ball contact angle is smaller than 35 °, the track surface pressure increases and there is a concern that the durability will be lowered. Conversely, if the ball contact angle is greater than 45 °, the ball's allowance to reach the shoulder of the track at a high operating angle is reduced, causing the contact ellipse to ride on the ball under high torque load, and the track shoulder is missing. Etc. are concerned.

  The track offset angle, which is the angle formed by the line connecting the center of curvature of the track groove and the ball center of the ball fitted in the track groove, and the line connecting the center of the ball and the center of curvature of the inner spherical surface portion is 5.5 °. It is preferable to set it to -7.5 degrees. With such a track offset angle, the operability, durability, and quasi-static torsional strength of the constant velocity universal joint can be satisfied at the same time.

  It is also possible to shift the center of curvature of the track groove in the radial direction so as to be a position where a radius larger than the radius when located on the joint axis is drawn. As a result, the gap can be filled in the central portion in the axial direction of the track groove.

  In the outer joint member of the fixed type constant velocity universal joint of the present invention, it is not necessary to perform finishing processing such as cutting and grinding after the conventional cold forging, so the yield is improved, the outer joint member is extended, The manufacturing cost of the constant velocity universal joint using the outer joint member can be reduced.

  Further, by providing the cup inlet chamfer, the opening edge of the outer joint member does not interfere with the shaft mounted on the inner joint member when the constant velocity universal joint takes an operating angle. By providing the track entrance chamfer (notched round portion), it is possible to effectively ensure the effective range in which the torque transmitting ball operates. By providing the track chamfer, chipping of the track groove edge can be prevented.

  By providing a center hole in the end face of the shaft portion, it is possible to improve the subsequent processing (processing of a male spline, a male screw, etc. formed on the shaft) using the center hole. In particular, when performing cold forging of the center hole, cold forging of other parts can be performed, whereby the center hole becomes a reference plane for the axial position of the outer joint member, and the outer joint The axial position accuracy of the member can be formed with high accuracy. For this reason, the outer joint member of the present invention is most suitable as an outer joint member of a BJ type fixed type constant velocity universal joint that requires axial position accuracy.

  By applying a finishing process after heat treatment to the inner spherical surface portion of the cup portion, it is possible to meet the required high accuracy and to mold a high-quality product (outer joint member).

  A slit groove is formed in the inner spherical surface, and the width of the slit groove is 5% to 30% of the maximum width of the inner spherical surface. And can be produced at low cost.

  The cross-sectional shape of the track groove is a Gothic arch shape that makes angular contact with the ball, and the contact angle is 35 ° to 45 °, so that the contact state of the ball can be stabilized and the transmission of rotational force is smooth. The constant velocity universal joint excellent in durability can be configured.

  By setting the track offset angle to 5.5 ° to 7.5 °, the constant velocity universal joint using the outer joint member can satisfy operability, durability, and strength. If this track offset angle is less than 5.5 °, there are problems in all aspects of cross operation, durability, and quasi-static torsional strength. If the track offset angle exceeds 7.5 °, durability and Inferior in strength.

  By shifting the center of curvature of the track groove in the radial direction so as to draw a radius larger than the radius when located on the joint axis, the gap in the axial center of the track groove can be reduced, Backlashing is facilitated and the generation of abnormal noise can be suppressed.

It is sectional drawing of the fixed type constant velocity universal joint using the outer joint member which shows embodiment of this invention. It is a cross-sectional view of the fixed type constant velocity universal joint. It is an expanded sectional view which shows the shape of the track groove of the said fixed type constant velocity universal joint. The opening end part of an outer joint member is shown, (a) is a partial expansion perspective view which shows an example of a notch round part, (b) is a partial expansion perspective view which shows the other example of a notch round part. The opening end part of an inner joint member is shown, (a) is a partial expansion perspective view which shows an example of a notch round part, (b) is a partial expansion perspective view which shows the other example of a notch round part. It is a fragmentary perspective view which shows the outer ring | wheel which provided the cup inlet chamfer, the track chamfer, the track inlet chamfer, and the slit groove | channel. It is a side view which shows the state which looked at the outer ring | wheel of FIG. 6 from the opening end side. It is sectional drawing of the forging apparatus which shape | molds an outer joint member. It is sectional drawing at the time of shaping | molding in the said forging apparatus. It is a top view of the punch set of the forging device. It is sectional drawing of the punch set at the time of the process of the said forging apparatus. It is a principal part perspective view of the division | segmentation punch of a punch set. It is a top view of the division | segmentation punch of a punch set. It is a side view of the division | segmentation punch of a punch set. The punch base of the said forging apparatus is shown, (a) is a top view, (b) is a cross-sectional view. It is a side view shown in the partial cross section of the outer ring front material. It is a top view of the material before the outer ring. It is a fragmentary sectional view which shows the constant velocity universal joint which shifted to the radial direction so that the center of curvature of the track groove of an outer ring might be a position which draws a radius larger than the radius when it is located on a joint axis. It is a fragmentary sectional view which shows the constant velocity universal joint which shifted in the radial direction so that the center of curvature of the track groove of the inner ring might be a position which draws a radius smaller than the radius when located on the joint axis.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 show a fixed type constant velocity universal joint using an outer joint member according to the present invention. This fixed type constant velocity universal joint is a bar field type, and includes an outer ring 10 which is an outer joint member, an inner ring 20 which is an inner joint member, a ball 30 and a cage 40 as main components. A structure in which an inner part 50 including the cage 40 is accommodated in the outer ring 10 so as to be angularly displaceable.

  The outer ring 10 is made of carbon steel for machine structure, has a cup shape with one open end, and a plurality of axially extending track grooves 12 are formed on the inner diameter surface 14 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. A space between adjacent track grooves in the circumferential direction is referred to as an inner spherical surface portion 14a. In the inner ring 20, a plurality of track grooves 22 extending in the axial direction are formed on the outer spherical surface 24 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, paired with the track grooves 12 of the outer ring 10. The ball 30 is interposed between the track groove 12 of the outer ring 10 and the track groove 22 of the inner ring 20 to transmit torque. The cage 40 is interposed between the inner diameter surface 14 of the outer ring 10 and the outer spherical surface 24 of the inner ring 20 to hold the ball 30.

  The carbon component of the carbon steel for machine structure is preferably 0.37 wt% or more and 0.61 wt% or less, more preferably 0.50 wt% or more and 0.58 wt% or less. Specifically, S40C to S58C, preferably S53C to S55C, which are standardized by Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS).

  The plurality of balls 30 are accommodated in pockets 42 formed in the cage 40 and arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. In this embodiment, six balls 30 are illustrated, but the number is arbitrary. The ball track formed by cooperation of the track groove 12 of the outer ring 10 and the track groove 22 of the inner ring 20 has a wedge shape whose diameter increases toward the opening side of the outer ring 10.

  The outer ring 10 includes a cup part (mouse part) 16 that houses the inner part 50 including the inner ring 20, the ball 30, and the cage 40, and a stem part (shaft part) that integrally extends from the bottom of the cup part 16 in the axial direction. ) 18, and a male spline 11 and an end screw portion 15 for connecting to a wheel bearing (not shown) are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft portion 18. A spline 28 for connecting a shaft (not shown) is formed in the shaft hole 26 of the inner ring 20.

  A center hole 13 is formed in the end surface 18 a of the shaft portion 18 of the outer ring 10. A cup inlet chamfer 12b is formed along the entire circumference of the opening edge of the cup portion 16 of the outer ring 10.

  A track chamfer 12c formed along the boundary between the inner spherical surface portion 14a of the outer ring 10 and the track groove 12, and a track chamfer 22c formed along the boundary between the outer spherical surface 24 of the inner ring 20 and the track groove 22 As shown in an enlarged view in FIG. The R-shaped track chamfers 12 c and 22 c are continuously formed so as to be smoothly connected between the track groove 12 and the inner spherical surface portion 14 a and between the track groove 22 and the outer spherical surface 24.

  The cross-sectional shape of the track groove 12 of the outer ring 10 and the track groove 22 of the inner ring 20 is a Gothic arch shape that makes angular contact with the ball 30. For example, FIG. 3 illustrates the cross-sectional shapes of the track groove 12 of the outer ring 10 and the track groove 22 of the inner ring 20. The track grooves 12 and 22 having the Gothic arch shape have two ball contact points P and Q (ball contact angle α) that make angular contact with the ball 30.

  The ball contact angle α at the two ball contact points P and Q in angular contact with the ball 30 is preferably 35 to 45 °. The contact state of the ball 30 with respect to the track grooves 12 and 22 can be stabilized by setting the ball contact angle α within the specified range.

  As shown in FIG. 4 (a), at the opening end of the track groove 12 of the outer ring 10, a notch radius portion as a track entrance chamfer 12a is provided at a portion corresponding to the ball contact point. Further, as shown in FIG. 5 (a), a notch radius portion 22a is provided at the ball contact point corresponding portion at the opening end of the track groove 22 of the inner ring 20. As described above, since the track grooves 12 and 22 and the ball 30 are in angular contact with each other, the ball contact point corresponding portion has two ball contact points P and Q (in the drawing, as indicated by a one-dot chain line). (Showing the locus of the contact point) is a portion that intersects the open ends of the track grooves 12 and 22.

  As described above, by providing the notched round portions 12a and 22a at the opening end of the track groove 12 of the outer ring 10 and the opening end of the track groove 22 of the inner ring 20, it is assumed at the time of high-angle operation of the constant velocity universal joint, particularly during use. Even if the ball 30 is located at the axial end of the track grooves 12 and 22 of the outer ring 10 or the inner ring 20 beyond some angle, the notch radius portions 12a and 22a cause the ball 30 to move to the axial end. Can be prevented from biting into.

  In the case described above, the notched round portions 12a and 22a are formed only at the ball contact point corresponding portions at the opening end of the track groove 12 of the outer ring 10 and the opening end of the track groove 22 of the inner ring 20, but FIG. ) And FIG. 5 (b), notched round portions 12 a and 22 a may be provided on the entire opening end of the track groove 12 of the outer ring 10 and the entire opening end of the track groove 22 of the inner ring 20. When the outer ring 10 is provided over the entire opening end of the track groove 12 and the entire opening end of the track groove 22 of the inner ring 20, the notched round portions 12a and 22a serve as a track inlet chamfer described later. In this way, the cutout round portions 12a and 22a constitute a cutout round portion for ball bite relaxation.

  In the outer ring 10 in which the track groove 12 is formed, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, a cup inlet chamfer 12 b formed along the entire circumference of the opening edge of the outer ring 10, an inner spherical surface portion 14 a, and the track groove 12. The track chamfer 12c is formed along the boundary, and the track inlet chamfer 12a is formed along the boundary between the track groove 12 and the cup inlet chamfer 12b. In addition, a resin or rubber boot (not shown) for preventing leakage of grease filled inside the joint and intrusion of water and foreign matters from the outside of the joint is attached to the opening end of the outer ring 10. For this reason, the boot mounting part 19 which consists of a ditch | groove is provided in the opening end outer peripheral surface of the outer ring | wheel 10. As shown in FIG.

  Further, a slit groove 12d extending in the axial direction is formed between the track grooves 12 adjacent in the circumferential direction at the inner spherical surface portion 14a of the outer ring 10. The slit groove 12d is formed so as to reach the inner spherical surface portion 14a from the opening end surface of the outer ring 10 through the cup inlet chamfer 12b. In this embodiment, six slit grooves 12d are illustrated, but the number is arbitrary. In this case, the width dimension S1 of the slit groove 12d is 5% to 30% with respect to the maximum width dimension S2 of the inner spherical surface portion 14a between the track grooves 12 adjacent in the circumferential direction. The slit groove 12d is provided so that a surplus of the outer ring front material M (see FIGS. 16 and 17) does not enter a gap δ1 (see FIG. 10) between the divided punches 55 described later. For this reason, the inner ring surface 14 of the outer ring 10 is provided with a track groove 12, an inner spherical surface portion 14a between adjacent track grooves 12 in the circumferential direction, and a slit groove 12d provided with each inner spherical surface portion 14a. Become.

  When the number of balls 30 is six, the maximum width dimension S2 is a dimension in the vicinity of the middle in the axial direction of the inner spherical surface portion 14a. However, depending on the form of the constant velocity universal joint and the number of balls, the maximum width dimension may not be near the middle in the axial direction of the inner spherical surface portion 14a.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the center of curvature O1 of the track groove 12 of the outer ring 10 and the center of curvature O2 of the track groove 22 of the inner ring 20 are opposite to the joint center O by an equal distance F in the axial direction. The center of curvature O1 is offset on the opening side of the joint, and the center of curvature O2 of the track groove 22 is offset on the back side of the joint. Therefore, the ball track has a wide opening side and has a wedge shape that gradually decreases toward the back side.

  Each of the center of curvature of the outer spherical surface 44 of the cage 40 and the center of curvature of the inner diameter surface 14 of the outer ring 10 that is in sliding contact with the outer spherical surface 44 coincides with the joint center O. Further, the center of curvature of the inner spherical surface 46 of the cage 40 and the center of curvature of the outer spherical surface 24 of the inner ring 20 slidably contacting the inner spherical surface 46 also coincide with the joint center O. When the outer ring 10 and the inner ring 20 are angularly displaced, the ball 30 held by the cage 40 is always maintained in a bisector of the operating angle at any operating angle, and the constant velocity of the joint is ensured.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a line L1 connecting the curvature center O1 of the track groove 12 and the ball center O3, and a line L2 connecting the ball center O3 and the curvature center of the inner diameter surface 14 (that is, the joint center O) are The track offset angle φ, which is the angle formed, is set to 5.5 ° to 7.5 °. This offset angle φ is smaller than the offset angle of the conventional product (about 8.0 °), and therefore the depth of the track groove 12 is more uniform in the axial direction than the conventional product.

  In this case, since the groove depth becomes deeper in the shallow part of the track groove 12 than in the conventional product, the contact ellipse by the ball 30 does not easily ride on the shoulder part of the track groove 12 even under high load, and the shoulder part is not chipped. Thus, the strength and durability of the track groove 12 can be improved. In addition, since the cage 40 can be made thicker, the cage 40 can have higher strength and longer life. Further, as described above, if the offset angle φ is within this range, the operability is maintained well.

  As a result, since the strength and durability of the track groove 12 of the outer ring 10 can be improved, the track groove 12 of the outer ring 10 can be easily formed by cold forging as described later. In addition, since the force (axial force) at which the ball 30 tries to jump out to the joint opening side is weaker than that of the conventional product, it is also possible to suppress the occurrence of hitting sound due to the axial force of the ball 30.

  On the other hand, if the offset angle φ is too small, there is a concern that the durability and strength may be reduced, or that the operability may be problematic.

  In the outer ring 10, the track groove 12, the inner spherical surface portion 14a, the cup inlet chamfer 12b, the track chamfer 12c, the track inlet chamfer 12a, the portion excluding the boot mounting portion 19 on the outer diameter surface of the cup portion, and the shaft The center hole 13 of the end surface 18a of the part 18 is finished by cold forging. The temperature in this cold forging is, for example, 0 ° C. or more and 50 ° C. or less. Of course, the temperature is not limited to this cold forging temperature.

  In this case, the outer diameter surface of the cold forged outer ring 10 is not subjected to a heat treatment such as quenching in order to increase the torsional strength, and the product strength is increased by work hardening by this cold forging. Further, if the hardness of the outer diameter surface of the outer ring 10 is too high, the life of the turning tool may be shortened when turning the groove in the boot mounting portion 19. For this reason, the surface hardness of the boot mounting portion 19 is set to about 250 HV to 350 HV.

  Next, a manufacturing apparatus (forging apparatus) for forming the outer joint member (outer ring) 10 is shown in FIGS. This apparatus includes a punch set 51 and a narrowing die 52 that are outer ring molding dies. The punch set 51 includes a punch set main body 53, a punch holder 54, a plurality of divided punches 55, a punch base 56, an umbrella punch 57, and a spring 58.

  The punch set body 53 is formed of a bottomed short cylindrical body, and a through-hole 60 a in which the base end portion of the shaft portion 76 of the umbrella punch 57 is received via a support member 77 is provided in the bottom wall 60. Further, the lower bulging portion 56a of the punch base 56 is fitted into the hole 53a of the punch set main body 53, and the bottom surface 61 of the lower bulging portion 56a is in contact with the inner surface 62 of the bottom wall 60. The flange portion 54 a of the punch holder 54 is placed and fixed on the upper surface of the punch set main body 53.

  The punch holder 54 has a tapered hole 63, and a plurality of divided punches 55, a punch base 56, and the like are provided in the tapered hole 63. The punch base 56 has a plurality of divided punches 55 arranged at regular intervals in the circumferential direction. As shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B, the punch base 56 includes a punch base main body 56b for arranging the divided punches 55, and the bulging portion 56a connected to the lower end of the punch base main body 56b. And have. A plurality (six in this case) of split partition grooves 66 are formed in the tapered outer peripheral portion 65 of the punch base main body 56b. As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the split punch 55 disposed along the circumferential direction is interposed in the split partition groove 66. The taper angle of the tapered outer peripheral portion 65 corresponds to the taper angle of the taper hole 63.

  The divided punch 55 is formed of a substantially fan-shaped member in cross section. As shown in FIGS. 12 to 14, the inner spherical surface portion forming portion 70, the track groove forming portion 71, the track chamfer forming portion 72, and the cup inlet chamfer forming portion 73. And a track entrance chamfer molding part 74.

  The track groove forming portion 71 is for forming the track groove 12 of the outer ring 10, and inner diameter spherical surface forming portions 70, 70 for forming the inner diameter spherical portion of the outer ring 10 are formed on both sides thereof. Further, a track chamfer forming part 72 is formed at the boundary between the track groove forming part 71 and the inner spherical surface part forming part 70. The cup inlet chamfer molding part 73 is for molding the cup inlet chamfer 12b of the outer ring 10, and includes a lower end edge of the inner spherical surface part molding part 70, a lower end edge of the track groove molding part 71, and a track chamfer molding part. 72, and the upper surface of the trunk portion 79 disposed below the track groove forming portion 71. In addition, the trunk | drum 79 comprises the cyclic | annular part by arrange | positioning the some division | segmentation punch 55 along the circumferential direction.

  The cup inlet chamfer molding part 73 is formed in a taper shape that inclines downward as it goes outward in the radial direction, and the tapered cup inlet chamfer molding part 73 sets a predetermined angle of the cup inlet chamfer 12 b of the outer ring 10. be able to. The track inlet chamfer forming portion 74 is for forming the track inlet chamfer 12 a of the outer ring 10, and is formed along the boundary between the cup inlet chamfer forming portion 73 and the track groove forming portion 71.

  In this way, the inner spherical surface portion forming portion 70, the track groove forming portion 71, the track chamfer forming portion 72, the cup inlet chamfer forming portion 73, and the track inlet chamfer forming portion 74 are integrated into one divided punch 55. Provided. For this reason, it is possible to increase the dimensional accuracy of each molding part and to reduce the dimensional difference between these parts as compared with those formed separately. That is, if the said manufacturing apparatus (forging apparatus) is used, while the dimensional accuracy of each site | part can be raised, reduction of these dimensional differences can be aimed at.

  Each of the divided punches 55 is inclined so that the ridge line portion 55b on the inner diameter side is along the tapered portion of the punch base body 56b, and can be moved up and down along the tapered portion. Further, the punch base 56 is provided with a through hole 75, and a shaft portion 76 protruding from the umbrella punch 57 is inserted into the through hole 75. The lower end portion of the shaft portion 76 is supported by a support member 77 disposed in the through hole 60 a of the bottom wall 60 with the punch set main body 53.

  As shown in FIG. 15B, the through hole 75 includes a small diameter portion 78a and a large diameter portion 78b, and a spring 58 that is externally fitted to the shaft portion 76 is disposed in the large diameter portion 78b. Thereby, the umbrella punch 57 connected to the shaft portion 76 is elastically biased downward, and the upper edge of the divided punch 55 is restricted (suppressed) by the umbrella punch 57.

  The narrowing die 52 includes a through-hole portion 80 for molding the outer diameter surface of the outer ring 10. The through-hole portion 80 includes an upper straight hole 80a and a lower tapered hole 80b. The tapered hole 80b is expanded downward.

  Further, the protruding portion 82 b of the shaft portion forming die 82 is inserted into the through hole portion 80 of the narrowing die 52. The shaft portion forming die 82 includes a die body portion 82a and the protruding portion 82b protruding from the lower surface of the die body portion 82a, and is provided with a hole portion 83 into which the shaft portion of the outer ring 10 is inserted. Yes. The hole 83 includes a large-diameter portion 83a for forming a male spline forming portion of the shaft portion, a small-diameter portion 83b for forming a male screw portion-forming portion of the shaft portion, and a space between the large-diameter portion 83a and the small-diameter portion 83b. And a tapered portion 83c.

  A center hole forming punch 85 for forming the center hole 13 of the end surface 18 a of the shaft portion 18 of the outer ring 10 is fitted into the small diameter portion 83 b of the hole portion 83 of the narrowing die 52. The outer diameter surface of the center hole forming punch 85 is opposed to the inner diameter surface of the small diameter portion 83b with a slight gap. A cone portion 85 a for forming the center hole 13 is provided at the lower end of the center hole forming punch 85.

  By the way, as shown in FIG. 1, the center hole 13 includes a reference taper hole 13a serving as a center hole reference, an opening-side taper hole 13b continuously provided from the opening edge of the reference taper hole 13a, It consists of a large-diameter opening 13c provided continuously from the opening edge of the opening-side tapered hole 13b. For this reason, the cone part 85a of the center hole forming punch 85 has a reference taper portion 86 for forming the reference taper hole part 13a formed on the outer surface thereof.

  When the outer ring 10 is formed using a manufacturing apparatus (forging apparatus), the outer ring front material M as shown in FIGS. 16 and 17 is formed in advance, and this outer ring front material M is put into the manufacturing apparatus (forging apparatus). Cold forging is performed. The material M before the outer ring is formed by plastic working such as warm forging, hot forging, or sub-hot forging. That is, the outer ring front material M is composed of a cup portion M16 and a shaft portion M18 connected to the bottom portion of the cup portion M16. A track groove M12 and a slit groove M12d are formed on the inner diameter surface of the cup portion M16. Yes. A cup inlet chamfer M12b is formed on the opening end face of the cup portion M16 of the outer ring front material M.

  Further, the slit groove M12d of the inner spherical surface portion of the cup portion M16 is provided between the track grooves M12 adjacent in the circumferential direction, and the groove width S3 of the slit groove M12d is set to 10 with respect to the maximum width dimension S4 of the inner spherical surface portion. % Or more and 40% or less is preferable. By setting in this way, the groove width dimension of the slit groove of the product (outer ring 10) is not less than 5% and not more than 30% of the maximum width dimension of the inner spherical surface portion (island inner spherical surface portion separated by the track groove). can do.

  Next, a method of forming the outer ring with the manufacturing apparatus (forging apparatus) configured as described above will be described. The preformed outer ring material M is inserted into the through hole 80 of the narrowing die 52. Thereafter, the punch set 51 is moved relative to the narrowing die 52, whereby the umbrella punch 57 comes into contact with the spherical bottom surface of the inner surface of the cup portion M16 of the outer ring front material M, and the divided punch 55 is tracked on the inner surface. It fits into the groove M12.

  In this state, by further moving the punch set 51 relative to each other, the cup portion M16 of the outer ring front material M receives the narrowing action of the narrowing die 52 and is reduced in diameter in the radial direction. At the time of narrowing down, the surface of the track groove M12 is constrained by the track groove forming portion 71 of the divided punch 55, and the track groove 12, the inner spherical surface portion 14a, and the track chamfer 12a are, respectively, the track groove forming portion 71 and the inner spherical surface portion. Plastic deformation is performed by the molding unit 70 and the track chamfer molding unit 72. At the same time, the cup inlet chamfer 12b and the track inlet chamfer 12a are plastically processed by the cup inlet chamfer molding part 73 and the track inlet chamfer molding part 74, respectively, at the time of the narrowing.

  At this time, plastic working (cold forging) is also performed on the outer diameter surface of the cup portion 16 except for the boot mounting portion 19. Further, at the time of narrowing down, the cone portion 85a of the center hole forming punch 85 is pressed against the end face M18a of the shaft portion M18 of the outer ring front material M. As a result, the center hole 13 is formed. That is, the shaft portion forming die 82 and the center hole forming punch 85 are simultaneously pressed against the outer ring front material M. At this time, the movement of the outer ring front material M is constrained and the center hole 13 is formed. Thereby, the improvement of the internal precision of the cup part 16 by prevention of mold separation and the molding of the center hole 13 are realized at the same time.

  The center hole forming punch 85 is guided with a slight gap on the inner surface of the shaft portion forming die 82, and when the shaft portion forming die 82 is pressed against the outer ring front material M, the shaft portion of the outer ring front material M is pressed. The outer diameter portion is ironed by the large diameter portion 83 a of the hole portion 83 of the shaft portion forming die 82. Therefore, the center hole forming punch 85 is formed on the end surface 18 a of the shaft portion 18 of the outer ring 10 by being guided by the inner surface of the shaft forming die 82 concentrically centered with the outer ring front material M. Become. Therefore, the concentricity of the center hole 13 with respect to the outer diameter of the shaft portion of the outer ring 10 is ensured with high accuracy.

  When the center hole 13 is formed, the axial positions of the center hole forming punch 85 and the shaft portion forming die 82 are set to be constant. For this reason, the relative positions of the center hole forming punch 85 and the reference surface 82c of the shaft portion forming die 82 are constant. The formation of the center hole 13 by this pressing force applying method is always performed with reference to the reference surface Ma of the outer ring front material M. For this reason, the axial position accuracy of the formed center hole 13 relative to the material reference surface Ma, that is, the accuracy of the dimension A is ensured with high accuracy.

  In this way, by using the manufacturing apparatus (forging apparatus), the track groove 12, the inner spherical surface portion 14a, the cup inlet chamfer 12b, the track chamfer 12c, the track inlet chamfer 12a, and the outer diameter surface of the cup portion 16 are used. The outer ring 10 in which the portion excluding the boot mounting portion 19 and the center hole 13 of the end surface 18a of the shaft portion 18 are finished by cold forging can be formed. The boot mounting portion 19 is grooved by turning or the like.

  By the way, the inner spherical surface portion 14a of the cup portion 16 may have a required accuracy, and therefore, finishing processing after heat treatment may be performed. Here, the heat treatment is, for example, induction hardening. The finishing process is a finishing process such as a cutting process or a grinding process. Induction hardening is a hardening method that applies the principle of heating a conductive object by placing a portion necessary for hardening in a coil through which high-frequency current flows and generating Joule heat by electromagnetic induction. Depending on the required accuracy of the inner spherical surface portion, the inner spherical surface portion can be kept in the finish by cold forging.

  In this way, by applying the finishing process after the heat treatment to the inner spherical surface portion 14a of the cup portion 16, it is possible to meet the required high accuracy and form a high quality product (outer joint member). be able to.

  According to the outer joint member of the fixed type constant velocity universal joint of the present invention, it is made of carbon steel for machine structure, and has a track groove 12, an inner spherical surface portion 14a, a cup inlet chamfer 12b, a track chamfer 12c, and a track inlet chamfer. 12a, the portion excluding the boot mounting portion 19 on the outer diameter surface of the cup portion 16, and the center hole 13 of the end surface 18a of the shaft portion 18 are finished by cold forging. It is not necessary to perform finishing processing such as cutting and grinding after the forging. For this reason, a yield improves and it can aim at reduction of the manufacturing cost of a constant velocity universal joint using this outer joint member and by extension this outer joint member.

  Since most of the cup portion 16 is finished by cold forging, the strength of the product can be increased. In particular, if the carbon component of the outer ring 10 is forged from a carbon steel for mechanical structure having a carbon amount of 0.37 wt% or more, the inner and outer surfaces of the cup portion 16 can have a desired hard surface hardness. As a result, the product life can be extended. By setting the upper limit of the carbon component of the structural structural carbon steel as 0.61 wt% or less, cold forging is possible without being too hard to be processed. Further, even if a hard material is not used, it is formed by cold forging. Therefore, due to work hardening, the hardness of the outer diameter surface of the cup portion 16 of the outer ring 10 is increased, and the outer ring 10 having high rigidity and high strength is obtained.

  Also, by providing the cup inlet chamfer 12b, the opening edge of the outer ring 10 does not interfere with the shaft mounted on the inner ring 20 when the constant velocity universal joint takes an operating angle. By providing the track entrance chamfer 12a, an effective range in which the torque transmission ball 30 operates can be effectively secured. By providing the track chamfer 12c, chipping of the track groove edge portion can be prevented. If the track chamfer 12c has a convex round shape, stress concentration in this portion can be avoided.

  By providing the center hole 13 in the end face 18a of the shaft portion 18, it is possible to improve the subsequent processing (processing of a male spline, a male screw or the like formed on the shaft) using the center hole 13. In particular, when performing the cold forging of the center hole 13, it is possible to perform cold forging of other parts, whereby the center hole 13 serves as a reference plane for the axial position of the outer ring 10, and the outer ring The axial position accuracy of 10 can be formed with high accuracy. For this reason, the outer joint member (outer ring 10) of the present invention is optimal for the outer ring of a BJ type fixed constant velocity universal joint that requires axial position accuracy.

  If the slit groove 12d is formed in the inner spherical surface portion 14a, and the width dimension of the slit groove 12d is 5% to 30% with respect to the maximum width dimension of the inner spherical surface portion 14a, a highly accurate and high quality product (outer ring 10 ) Can be stably produced at low cost. That is, during cold forging, it is possible to prevent the surplus material of the outer ring front material M from entering the circumferential clearance δ1 between the separation punches separated in the circumferential direction. If the width dimension of the slit groove is smaller than 5%, it is difficult to release the outer joint member from the mold during cold forging, and if the width dimension of the slit groove is larger than 30%, the outer ring As a result, it becomes difficult to secure the required area of the ten spherical inner surface portions 14a, leading to a decrease in strength and durability.

  The cross-sectional shape of the track groove 12 is a Gothic arch shape that makes an angular contact with the ball 30, and the contact angle α is 35 ° to 45 °, so that the contact state of the ball 30 can be stabilized and rotated. Force transmission can be performed smoothly, and a constant velocity universal joint excellent in durability can be configured. If the ball contact angle is smaller than 35 °, the track surface pressure increases and there is a concern that the durability will be lowered. Conversely, if the ball contact angle is greater than 45 °, the ball's allowance to reach the shoulder of the track at a high operating angle is reduced, causing the contact ellipse to ride on the ball under high torque load, and the track shoulder is missing. Etc. are concerned.

  By setting the track offset angle to 5.5 ° to 7.5 °, the constant velocity universal joint using the outer ring 10 can satisfy operability, durability, and strength. If this track offset angle is less than 5.5 °, there are problems in all aspects of cross operation, durability, and quasi-static torsional strength. If the track offset angle exceeds 7.5 °, durability and Inferior in strength.

  By the way, the curvature center O1 ′ of the track groove 12 of the outer ring 10 may be shifted in the radial direction so that a radius larger than the radius when located on the joint axis is drawn as shown in FIG. Good. Further, the center of curvature O2 ′ of the track groove 22 of the inner ring 20 may be shifted in the radial direction so as to be a position where a radius smaller than the radius when located on the joint shaft center is drawn as shown in FIG. Good.

  In this way, the center of curvature O1 ′ of the track groove 12 of the outer ring 10 is shifted in the radial direction so as to draw a radius larger than the radius when positioned on the joint axis, or the track groove of the inner ring 20 is By shifting the center of curvature O2 'of 22 in the radial direction so as to draw a radius smaller than the radius when located on the joint axis, the clearance in the axial center of the track grooves 12, 22 is obtained. Can be packed. As a result, backlashing is facilitated and the generation of abnormal noise can be suppressed.

  As described above, the embodiment of the present invention has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications are possible. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the outer joint member is a bottom surface of a track groove. Is used for fixed-type constant velocity universal joints consisting of only arc parts, but the undercut-free type (UJ) with the bottom of the track groove having arc parts and straight parts is fixed. A constant velocity universal joint may be used. Further, the number of track grooves 12 is not limited to six, and the increase / decrease is arbitrary.

  The shape of the center hole is not limited to that shown in FIG. 1, and any shape having at least a reference tapered hole portion 13a may be used.

12 Track groove 12a Notch radius (track entrance chamfer)
12b Cup inlet chamfer 12c, 22c Track chamfer 12d Slit groove 13 Center hole 14 Inner diameter surface 14a Inner diameter spherical surface portion 16 Cup portion 18 Shaft portion 18a End surface 19 Boot mounting portion 70 Inner diameter spherical portion molding portion 71 Track groove molding portion 72 Track chamfer molding portion 73 Cup inlet chamfer molding part 74 Truck inlet chamfer molding part

Claims (11)

An outer joint member of a fixed type constant velocity universal joint comprising a cup portion and a shaft portion extending in the axial direction from the bottom portion of the cup portion,
It is made of carbon steel for machine structure, and includes a track groove, an inner spherical surface portion, a cup inlet chamfer formed along the entire circumference of the opening edge of the cup portion, an inner spherical surface portion, and a track groove on the inner diameter surface of the cup portion. A track chamfer formed along the boundary portion, and a track entrance chamfer composed of a notch radius portion for ball bite mitigation provided at a portion corresponding to the ball contact point at the track entrance end of the track groove. The spherical portion, the cup inlet chamfer, the track chamfer, the track inlet chamfer, the portion excluding the boot mounting portion on the outer diameter surface of the cup portion, and the center hole on the end surface of the shaft portion are finished by cold forging. An outer joint member of a fixed type constant velocity universal joint.   The outer joint member of the fixed type constant velocity universal joint according to claim 1, wherein the inner spherical surface portion of the cup portion is subjected to finishing after heat treatment.   A slit groove extending in the axial direction is formed in the inner spherical surface portion of the cup portion, and the width dimension of the slit groove is 5% with respect to the maximum width dimension of the inner spherical surface portion between adjacent track grooves in the circumferential direction. The outer joint member of the fixed type constant velocity universal joint according to claim 1, wherein the outer joint member is set to ˜30%.   The outer side of the fixed type constant velocity universal joint according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the track groove and the track entrance chamfer composed of a notched round portion are finished by simultaneous cold forging. Joint member.   5. The fixed type or the like according to claim 1, wherein the track entrance chamfer composed of a notch round portion is formed on the entire boundary between the track groove and the cup entrance chamfer. Outer joint member of the speed universal joint.   The outer joint of the fixed type constant velocity universal joint according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein two track entrance chamfers each having a notch radius portion are formed for each track groove. Element.   The outer joint member of the fixed type constant velocity universal joint according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the track chamfer has a convex round shape.   The outer joint member of the fixed type constant velocity universal joint according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the track groove and the track chamfer are finished by simultaneous cold forging.   9. The fixing according to claim 1, wherein a cross-sectional shape of the track groove is a Gothic arch shape that makes an angular contact with the ball, and a contact angle thereof is set to 35 ° to 45 °. Type outer joint member of constant velocity universal joint.   The track offset angle, which is the angle formed by the line connecting the center of curvature of the track groove and the ball center of the ball fitted in the track groove, and the line connecting the center of the ball and the center of curvature of the inner spherical surface portion is 5.5. The outer joint member of the fixed type constant velocity universal joint according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the outer joint member is set to ° to 7.5 °.   The center of curvature of the track groove is shifted in the radial direction so as to be a position where a radius larger than the radius when located on the joint axis is drawn. The outer joint member of the fixed type constant velocity universal joint described in 1.

Images