JP5482433B2 - Light duct system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an optical duct system that introduces light such as natural light to illuminate a room.

  In recent years, there has been a demand for green energy that does not depend on oil in response to regulations on carbon dioxide emissions due to environmental protection. Green energy is energy that does not impact the environment, and is safe energy that does not emit air pollutants or carbon dioxide when used. For example, it refers to natural energy such as solar energy, geothermal energy, wind power, and hydropower, and hydrogen energy, and the effective use of these has become an indispensable society.

  Therefore, recently, there has been proposed an optical duct illumination device that takes sunlight into the interior of a building and uses it as a light source for illumination. (Patent Document 1) This is to illuminate the interior of a building by guiding natural light into the room through a light duct and emitting the light from the light emitting part, and adjust the illuminance of the artificial lighting according to the change of the external light. It is a light control device that keeps the brightness in the building constant. A material having high reflectivity is used for the light guide portion of this optical duct, and it has been required to guide the light taken into the room from the daylighting part into the room without being attenuated as much as possible. For example, two types of flat plates with different refractive indexes are used, a transparent flat plate with a large refractive index is arranged on the inside, and a flat plate with a low refractive index is arranged on the outside, and these plates are stacked to form a pipe shape. Ducts have been proposed. (Patent Document 2) In this optical duct, natural light taken from the outside maintains high reflectivity for light propagating at an angle greater than the critical angle with respect to the inner surface of the duct, but on the inner surface of the duct at an angle less than the critical angle. The incident light is emitted to the outside of the duct and attenuated, resulting in a problem that the utilization efficiency is lowered as a whole. Moreover, it also had the problem of the infrared light guide mentioned later. Also, a resin film is used as a base material, and a reflection film is formed by plating and coating a metal having a high light reflectance characteristic on at least one surface thereof to form a reflection film, and on the surface of the reflection film of the reflection film, There has been proposed an optical duct constructed using a reflective film improved by coating a protective film having high light transmittance characteristics. (Patent Document 3) This uses a high reflectivity of a metal mirror surface, so that light can be guided while maintaining a relatively high light intensity. In addition to light, infrared rays having a warming effect are guided, and in summer, there has been a problem that the power consumption of the air conditioner increases accordingly. Further, the metal mirror surface processing and the plating process have a large environmental load and are very expensive, causing high costs.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-255103 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-331828 JP 07-239404 A

  An object of the present invention is to provide an optical duct system that can selectively and efficiently utilize visible light necessary for illumination.

In order to solve the problem, the present invention has the following configuration and various preferred modes. That is, the gist of the present invention is that
An optical duct system having a daylighting unit, a light guide unit, and a light emitting unit, wherein the light guide unit includes a structure in which at least two or more kinds of resins are alternately stacked, and the following formula (1) And a reflecting material satisfying the expression (2) is used.
Rave [400 nm ≦ λ ≦ 700 nm] ≧ 80% Formula (1)
Rave [1500 nm ≦ λ ≦ 2600 nm] ≦ 30% (2)
(Here, Rave [a ≦ λ ≦ b] means an average reflectance (%) for light rays having an incident angle of 12 ° and a wavelength range of a ≦ λ ≦ b.)

  Compared to a conventional optical duct system using a metal material as a reflector, the present invention has excellent regular reflection, extremely high light reflectance (light attenuation is very small), and is necessary for illumination. Since visible light can be selectively guided, power consumption of the air conditioning equipment can be saved by the cold lighting effect in summer. In addition, the reflective material used in the present invention is less burdensome on the environment than the conventionally used metallic reflective material, and is easy to form a curved surface because of low cost and excellent flexibility and workability. Moreover, according to a preferable aspect, since there is no Brewster angle, there is no attenuation of light depending on the incident angle, so that natural light collected from the outside can be used efficiently as indoor illumination light. Since it is not necessary to consider the incident angle, the design freedom of the optical duct system is extremely high.

Illustration of optical duct system It is explanatory drawing explaining an example of the manufacturing method of the reflecting material used for this invention, (a) is a schematic front view of an apparatus, (b), (c), (d) is LL ', MM, respectively. It is sectional drawing of the resin flow path cut | disconnected by ', NN'. Example of the order of the layers of the reflector used in the present invention-layer thickness relationship (layer thickness distribution) One aspect of optical duct system for evaluation Another aspect of the evaluation light duct system Schematic diagram for explanation of the light emission part when measuring the cooling effect Another aspect of the evaluation light duct system Schematic diagram of the light emission part Schematic diagram of the mold used for shaping Longitudinal cross-sectional schematic diagram and transverse cross-sectional schematic diagram in the light guide portion by the example of the optical duct in which the reflecting material has a double structure Schematic cross-sectional view of the light emission part of an example of an optical duct in which the reflector has a double structure

  An example of a horizontal light duct system of the light duct system according to the present invention is shown in FIG. The light duct system of the present invention aims at the light introduced with the daylighting part 2 provided with the main reflector 3 that takes in natural light 1 from the sun and introduces light into the light duct as required, as shown in FIG. The light guide unit 4 that carries (propagates) the light and the light emission unit 5 that emits the carried light to the target space are used, and the light is used as illumination light in the room 6 of the building.

In the optical duct system of the present invention, a reflector that includes a structure in which at least two or more kinds of resins are laminated in the light guide portion and satisfies the following formulas (1) and (2) is used.
Rave [400 nm ≦ λ ≦ 700 nm] ≧ 80% Formula (1)
Rave [1500 nm ≦ λ ≦ 2600 nm] ≦ 30% (2)
(Here, Rave [a ≦ λ ≦ b] means the average reflectance (%) for light rays in the wavelength range a ≦ λ ≦ b.)
The optical duct system of the present invention includes a structure in which at least two or more kinds of resins are alternately laminated in 30 layers or more, and a reflecting material satisfying the above formulas (1) and (2) is used for the light guide section. It is necessary. The reflecting material is also preferably used for the above-described main reflecting plate.

  The resin used for the reflective material of the present invention may be a curable resin or a thermoplastic resin. For example, as a photocurable resin, methacrylic resin, photocurable polychlorobiphenyl, alicyclic epoxy resin, photocationic polymerization initiator, acrylate resin (containing Si, F), photoradical, polymerization initiator, fluorinated polyimide Etc. can be used. Examples of the thermosetting resin include epoxy, phenol, urethane, acrylic, and polyester resins containing a crosslinking agent. The resin constituting one layer may be a single polymer or a mixture as long as necessary reflection performance can be realized.

  Thermoplastic resins include chain polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, poly (4-methylpentene-1) and polyacetal, ring-opening metathesis polymerization of norbornenes, addition polymerization, and addition copolymers with other olefins. Biodegradable polymers such as alicyclic polyolefin, polylactic acid, polybutyl succinate, polyamides such as nylon 6, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 66, aramid, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol , Polyvinyl butyral, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, polyacetal, polyglycolic acid, polystyrene, styrene copolymer polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polypropylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, Polyester such as ribylene terephthalate, polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate, polyethersulfone, polyetheretherketone, modified polyphenylene ether, polyphenylene sulfide, polyetherimide, polyimide, polyarylate, tetrafluoroethylene resin, trifluoride An ethylene resin, a trifluorochloroethylene resin, a tetrafluoroethylene-6-fluoropropylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, or the like can be used. Of these, polyester is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of strength, heat resistance, transparency and versatility. These may be a homopolymer, a copolymer, or a mixture.

  The polyester is preferably a polyester obtained by polymerization from a monomer mainly composed of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid or an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and a diol. Here, as the aromatic dicarboxylic acid, for example, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-diphenyl Examples include dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenyl ether dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenylsulfone dicarboxylic acid, and the like. Examples of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid include adipic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, dimer acid, dodecanedioic acid, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid and ester derivatives thereof. Of these, terephthalic acid and 2,6 naphthalenedicarboxylic acid exhibiting a high refractive index are preferable. These acid components may be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof, and further may be partially copolymerized with oxyacids such as hydroxybenzoic acid.

  Examples of the diol component include ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,5-pentanediol. 1,6-hexanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyalkylene glycol, 2,2-bis (4- Hydroxyethoxyphenyl) propane, isosorbate, spiroglycol and the like. Of these, ethylene glycol is preferably used. These diol components may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  Of the above polyesters, polyethylene terephthalate and its polymer, polyethylene naphthalate and its copolymer, polybutylene terephthalate and its copolymer, polybutylene naphthalate and its copolymer, and polyhexamethylene terephthalate and its copolymer It is preferable to use a polymer, polyhexamethylene naphthalate and a copolymer thereof.

  The two or more kinds of resins used for the reflector of the optical duct system of the present invention are two or more kinds of resins selected from the above resins. As a preferable combination of resins, it is preferable to use resins having a common basic skeleton. The basic skeleton here is a repeating unit constituting the resin. For example, when one resin is polyethylene terephthalate, ethylene terephthalate is the basic skeleton. In this case, a typical example of a resin having a common basic skeleton is a copolymer of ethylene terephthalate and other ester repeating units. As another example, when one resin is polyethylene, ethylene is a basic skeleton. In this case, a typical example of a resin having a common basic skeleton is a copolymer with another olefin repeating unit such as an ethylene-propylene copolymer. If a resin containing a common basic skeleton is used, problems such as poor stacking such as flow marks and peeling between layers after molding are less likely to occur.

  In the present invention, if the number of layers is 30 or more and the above formulas (1) and (2) are satisfied, a reflective material in which three or more kinds of resins are laminated may be used. For example, if the three types of resins are resin 1, resin 2, and resin 3, the case of repeating [resin 1 / resin 2 / resin 3] or [resin 1 / resin 2 / resin 3 / resin 2 / resin 1] / Resin 2 / resin 3 / resin 2] and the like. In this case, the thickness of each layer may be designed by considering the resin constituting one layer as the resin A and the resin constituting the other layer as the resin B in adjacent layers. Therefore, in the following, further detailed explanation will be given by giving an example using two kinds of resins exclusively.

  The reflecting material used in the optical duct system of the present invention is made of polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate, from the viewpoint that the in-plane refractive index can be increased by orientation crystallization. Preferably there is. In the case of polyethylene terephthalate, the other resin (hereinafter sometimes referred to as resin B for convenience with respect to resin A) similarly exhibits a glass transition point in the vicinity of resin A, and the melting point of thermoplastic resin A. It is preferable to use a copolyester comprising a cyclohexanedimethanol component or a spiroglycol component that tends to cause orientation relaxation. The polyester comprising a cyclohexanedimethanol component or a spiroglycol component refers to a copolyester obtained by copolymerizing 10 to 60 mol% of spiroglycol, cyclohexanedimethanol, or a homopolyester, or a polyester obtained by blending them. . In particular, the use of a polyester obtained by copolymerizing 30 to 50 mol% of a cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid component and 30 to 50 mol% of a spiroglycol component to the resin B increases the difference in refractive index from polyethylene terephthalate and increases the reflectance. Most preferred.

  When one resin is polyethylene naphthalate, the other resin is preferably a copolyester containing 10 to 50 mol% of terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid components so that orientation relaxation is likely to occur. Further, when the shape of the light guide path of the optical duct is to be improved in design or to be curved due to the necessity for design, a molding process is required. Therefore, from the viewpoint of moldability, it is preferable that one resin is polyethylene terephthalate.

A reflecting material including a structure in which 30 or more layers of two kinds of resin layers are alternately laminated in the thickness direction realizes a high reflectance, and the reflectance of the P wave is attenuated even when the incident angle is large. A design that never happens is possible. That is, as described later, it is possible to obtain a film that does not have a Brewster angle found in a metal or non-metallic material. The Brewster angle θ _Br is represented by tan ⁻¹ (refractive index of the medium on the transmission side / refractive index of the medium on the incident side). For example, a polymer material generally has a refractive index of about 1.35 to 1.8, and air has a refractive index of 1.0, so that θ _Br appears at 50 ° to 60 °. descend. The same applies to metal oxides and metals having a refractive index higher than that of polymers. By alternating in the thickness direction, two types of resin A layers (A layers) and resin B layers (B layers) are periodically arranged in a regular arrangement such as A (BA) n (n is a natural number). It means being laminated. Since the reflectance increases as the number of layers increases, the number of layers is preferably 400 layers or more, more preferably 800 layers or more, and further preferably 1600 layers or more. Moreover, although the thickness of each layer is based on the design guideline of the postscript from a viewpoint which satisfies Formula (1) and Formula (2), it is normally designed by layer thickness of 20 nm-200 nm. More preferably, the layer thickness is 60 nm to 170 nm.

  In the light guide part of the optical duct system of the present invention, it is preferable that the reflecting material is installed over the entire inner surface of the light guide part. Moreover, it is desirable to install also in the duct inner surface of a lighting part and a light emission part. By being installed in this way, the light can be guided to the target room without being attenuated. Examples of a cross-sectional shape obtained by cutting the light guide portion perpendicularly to the direction in which light travels include a polygon, a circle, and an ellipse. A circle is preferable from the viewpoint of reducing light attenuation. On the other hand, in terms of construction, a quadrangle is preferable.

  The laminated structure of the reflecting material used in the present invention can be easily realized by the same method as described in the paragraphs [0053] to [0063] of JP-A-2007-307893. However, the gap and length of the slit plate are different because of design values that determine the layer thickness. Since the reflecting material can be easily increased in area as compared with conventional metal vapor deposition or metal plating, the number of seams of the light guide portion can be reduced. Thereby, attenuation of light at the joint portion can be suppressed. Hereinafter, a process of making a laminated structure will be described with reference to FIG.

  The laminating apparatus 7 shown in FIG. 2 has the same three slit plates as the apparatus described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-307893. An example of the layer thickness distribution of the laminated structure obtained by the laminating apparatus 7 is shown in FIG. When the horizontal order is the layer arrangement order 18 and the vertical axis is the thickness (nm) 19 of each layer, the laminated structure is formed by the inclined structure 11 and the slit plate 72 of the layer thickness by the resin laminate flow formed by the slit plate 71. The inclined structure 12 of the layer thickness by the laminated flow of the formed resin and the inclined structure 13 of the layer thickness by the laminated flow of the resin formed by the slit plate 73 are provided. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 3, it is preferable that one inclined structure is opposite in direction to any other inclined structure. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of suppressing a flow mark generated due to an unstable phenomenon of the resin flow, a thick film layer 20 having a thickness of 1 μm or more is provided on the outermost layer. In addition, the inclined structure formed by one slit plate is composed of a layer thickness distribution 21 of resin A and a layer thickness distribution 22 of resin B, and the lamination ratio is the extrusion of resin A and resin B of two extruders. It can be easily adjusted by the ratio of the amounts. In order to strongly reflect the light in the entire visible light range, the thickness of the reflecting material is adjusted so that the average layer thickness is in the range of 60 nm to 170 nm.

  As shown in FIG. 2B, the resin flow having a laminated structure that flows out from each slit plate constituting the laminating apparatus 7 flows out from the outlets 11L, 12L, and 13L of the laminating apparatus, and then the merger 8 Then, rearrangement is performed in the cross-sectional shapes of 11M, 12M, and 13M shown in FIG. Next, the length in the film width direction of the cross section of the flow path is widened inside the connecting pipe 9 and flows into the base 10, and further widened by the manifold and extruded from the lip of the base 10 into a sheet in a molten state. Then, it is cooled and solidified on the casting drum to obtain an unstretched film. Here, the value obtained by dividing the film width direction length 17 of the base lip, which is the widening ratio inside the base, by the length 15 in the film width direction at the inlet of the base is set to 5 or less, whereby the film width direction Thus, a reflective material that is a laminated film having a uniform reflectance and reflection band can be obtained. More preferably, the widening ratio is 3 or less. Subsequently, it can also obtain by the method of extending | stretching at the temperature more than the glass transition point temperature (Tg) of resin which comprises the unstretched film obtained as needed. The stretching method at this time is preferably biaxially stretched by a known sequential biaxial stretching method or simultaneous biaxial stretching method from the viewpoint of realizing high reflectance, thermal dimensional stability, and large area. The known biaxial stretching method may be a method of stretching in the width direction after stretching in the longitudinal direction, a method of stretching in the longitudinal direction after stretching in the width direction, and a plurality of stretching in the longitudinal direction and stretching in the width direction. You may carry out in combination. For example, in the case of a stretched film composed of polyester, the stretching temperature and the stretching ratio can be appropriately selected. However, in the case of a normal polyester film, the stretching temperature is 80 ° C. or higher and 130 ° C. or lower, and the stretching ratio is 2 times. It is preferably 7 times or more. The stretching method in the longitudinal direction is performed using a change in the peripheral speed between the rolls. Moreover, the well-known tenter method is utilized for the extending | stretching method of the width direction. That is, the film is conveyed while being held at both ends by a clip and stretched in the width direction. In the simultaneous biaxial stretching method, the film is conveyed while being gripped at both ends by a simultaneous biaxial tenter and stretched simultaneously and / or stepwise in the longitudinal direction and the width direction. Stretching in the longitudinal direction is achieved by increasing the distance between the clips of the tenter and in the width direction by increasing the distance between the rails on which the clips run. The tenter clip subjected to stretching and heat treatment in the present invention is preferably driven by a linear motor system. In addition, there are a pantograph method, a screw method, etc. Among them, the linear motor method is excellent in that the stretching ratio can be freely changed because the degree of freedom of each clip is high. When the film is a normal polyester, the stretching ratio, stretching temperature, and heat treatment temperature are similar to the conditions for sequential biaxial stretching. That is, the stretching temperature is preferably 80 ° C. or higher and 130 ° C. or lower, and the stretching magnification is preferably 8 to 30 times as the area magnification. The stretched film is then heat treated in a tenter. This heat treatment is generally performed at a temperature higher than the stretching temperature and lower than the melting point. When polyester is used, it is preferably carried out in the range of 200 ° C to 250 ° C. Furthermore, it is also preferable to perform a relaxation heat treatment of about 2 to 10% in the width direction or the longitudinal direction in order to impart thermal dimensional stability of the film.

  The thickness of the laminated film is determined based on the balance between the thickness of each layer and the total number of laminated layers, but is preferably 50 μm to 200 μm from the viewpoint of realizing moldability, appropriate supportability, and high reflectance.

  The reflective material used in the present invention has an average reflectance Rave [400 nm ≦ λ ≦ 700 nm] of a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm from the viewpoint of providing brightness equal to or higher than that of illumination light of an optical duct system as compared with a conventional metal film. 80% or more is necessary. More preferably, it is 90% or more, More preferably, it is 95% or more. Further, from the viewpoint of having a cooling effect even in summer, the average reflectance Rave [1500 nm ≦ λ ≦ 2600 nm] at a wavelength of 1500 to 2600 nm needs to be 30% or less. More preferably, 20% or less is preferable. Further, it is preferably 15% or less. From the viewpoint of not transmitting heat rays, the average reflectance Rave [900 nm ≦ λ ≦ 1500 nm] is preferably 30% or less for wavelengths of 900-1500 nm or less in the near infrared region. More preferably, it is 20% or less.

In order to satisfy the above formulas (1) and (2), the range of the thickness of each layer and the number of layers are determined in consideration of the band due to the reflection wavelength based on the following formula (3). Expression (3) is an expression of the reflection wavelength λ in a two-layer model in which a resin A layer (A layer) and a resin B layer (B layer) are stacked.
2 · (nA · dA · cos θA + nB · dB · cos θB) = λ (3)
Here, n represents the refractive index, d represents the layer thickness, θ represents the incident angle (the angle between the incident vector and the interface normal vector), and the subscripts A and B represent the A layer and the B layer, respectively. Show.

  As understood from Equation (3), even if the incident angle changes, in order to maintain a high reflectance in the wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm, the shift of the reflected wavelength due to the change of the incident angle is considered. , ΘA = θB = 0 °, a design in which the average reflectance is 80% or more in the wavelength range of 400 to 1000 nm is preferable. For example, if the refractive index in the in-plane direction of the A layer is 1.66 and the refractive index in the in-plane direction of the B layer is 1.535, according to Equation (3), for light with a wavelength of 400 nm, Both the A layer and the B layer have a wavelength of about 62 nm, and the light having a wavelength of 1000 nm has a reflection wavelength of about 157 nm for both the A layer and the B layer. The thickness of the A layer and the B layer can be realized by increasing the thickness from about 62 nm to about 157 nm or changing the thickness so as to decrease from about 157 nm to about 62 nm. The above is an example in which the ratio of the thicknesses of the A layer and the B layer is the same, but the ratio of the thicknesses of the A layer and the B layer is not necessarily the same and can be adjusted so as to satisfy Expression (3). Further, the adjustment of the layer thickness when the in-plane refractive index in the A layer and the in-plane refractive index in the B layer are changed by changing the resin type is the same. From the viewpoint of productivity, it is desirable that the A layer and the B layer have an average layer thickness in the range of 60 nm to 170 nm. The average layer thickness is 1/2 of the sum of the thickness of the first and second layers of the thin film layer, 1/2 of the sum of the thickness of the third and fourth layers of the thin film layer, that is, 2n−1. It means 1/2 of the sum of the thicknesses of adjacent layers obtained as 1/2 of the sum of the 2nth thin film layers (n is a natural number and 2n does not exceed the total number of thin film layers). Moreover, since sufficient reflection can be obtained, it is desirable that the A layer and the B layer have 500 layers or more. More preferably, the number of layers is 900 or more. Further, by providing a layer having a thickness of about 1 to several microns (referred to as a thick film layer) on the outermost layer of the film as a layer other than the A layer and the B layer, the laminated structure of the A layer and the B layer is protected. Can do. In addition, as described above, the A layer and the B layer are arranged so that the thickness of the layer increases or decreases. Such an arrangement can be achieved by adjusting the width and length of the slit in the slit plate of the laminating apparatus 7. It can be adjusted by changing the flow rate of the resin flowing out from each slit in the plate. In the relationship between the preferable average layer thickness and the number of layers, the inclination of the slit is 2.3 or more and less than 3 centering on 2.5. It is a guideline to do. Here, the inclination refers to the maximum discharge amount of the resin A or the resin B obtained from the length and width of the slit and the resin viscosity among the plurality of slits of one slit plate excluding the thick film layer. That is, a value obtained by dividing the maximum layer thickness by the minimum layer thickness. The final thickness of each layer of the laminated film is adjusted by the discharge amount from the extruder and the draft ratio in the film forming process.

  On the other hand, in order to reduce reflection in the range of 1500 to 2600 nm, in the example where the refractive index of the resin A is 1.66 and the refractive index of the resin B is 1.535, according to the equation (3) With respect to light having a wavelength of 1500 nm, the reflection wavelength is about 235 nm for both the A layer and the B layer. Therefore, it is sufficient that a layer having such a thickness or more does not substantially exist. The adjustment of the layer thickness by changing the ratio of the thicknesses of the A layer and the B layer and the adjustment of the layer thickness accompanying the change of the resin type are based on the same idea as described above. Such A layer and B layer desirably have substantially no layer having an average layer thickness of 225 nm or more, and more preferably have no layer having an average layer thickness of 200 nm or more. Is preferred. Here, “substantially not present” means that 20 or less, preferably 10 or less, and most preferably 0 as such a set of average layer thicknesses. Since the interference reflection phenomenon depends on the number of layers, if the number of layers is small, the contribution to the reflectance is small. In order to set Rave [1500 nm ≦ λ ≦ 2600 nm] to 30% or less, it can be easily achieved that the number of layers having an average layer thickness of 225 nm or more is 40 layers (20 sets) or less. More preferably, it is 20 layers (10 sets) or less. In order to set Rave [1500 nm ≦ λ ≦ 2600 nm] to 20% or less, the number of layers having an average layer thickness of 200 nm or more can be easily achieved by 10 layers (5 sets) or less. Furthermore, in order to make an average reflectance less than 10%, it can achieve by making the refractive index of an outermost layer less than 1.66, and making the number of layers into 1000 or less. Preferably, it can be more easily achieved by forming a low refractive index layer having a refractive index of 1.35 or more and 1.53 or less as the outermost layer at 100 nm to 50 nm. Moreover, in order to make Rave [400 nm ≦ λ ≦ 700 nm] 80% or more, the number of layers of resin A and resin B having an average layer thickness of 60 to 170 nm is 500 layers (as a pair of A layer and B layer). 250 sets) or more. Furthermore, in order to make Rave [400 nm ≦ λ ≦ 700 nm] 90% or more, 900 layers (450 pairs as a pair of the A layer and the B layer) or more are preferable. In order to obtain a reflectance of 95% or more, 1600 layers or more are preferable. From the viewpoint of realizing a high reflectance as well as the effect of the number of layers, the in-plane refractive index difference between the resin A and the resin B is preferably 0.1 or more. More preferably, it is 0.13 or more. When using polyester for the reflective material, the refractive index nA of the resin A is preferably 1.65 or more, and the refractive index nB of the resin B is preferably 1.55 or less. More preferably, the refractive index nA is 1.66 or more, and the refractive index nB of the resin B is 1.535 or less.

  However, in reality, in order to achieve the layer thickness distribution as designed by the stacking device, it is necessary to avoid stacking disorder such as flow marks, so the combination of resins taking into consideration characteristics other than the refractive index is optimized. There is a need to. Specifically, a combination of resins including a basic skeleton common as the resin A and the resin B is preferable. Further, the intrinsic viscosity difference between both resins is preferably 0.1 or less.

Reflective material used for the light guiding portion of the light duct system of the present invention, the incident angle of light is 20 °, 40 °, when the reflectivity of 60 ° was _{R 20, R 40, R 60} , R 20 ≦ R 40 ≦ R ₆₀ is preferable. Although ordinary non-metallic and bulk reflectors such as metals have reduced reflectivity down to the Brewster angle and attenuate light, it is a matter of course that the reflector used in the present invention has high reflectivity at all incident angles. That is, it is preferable that the higher the incident angle of light, the higher the reflectance. Since the optical duct system of the present invention using the reflecting material having such a feature can reduce the height (that is, the thickness of the light guide portion), the height of the duct can be suppressed and the indoor space can be reduced. A large amount can be secured and light can be efficiently propagated. In addition, an incident angle is an angle made by the perpendicular of the reflecting surface and the light entering direction. In the laminated structure, the layer of the resin A is stretched so that the relationship of the refractive index in the direction orthogonal to the surface <the refractive index in the in-plane direction is satisfied, and specifically, A (BA) n A laminated structure will be described as an example. A layer is oriented and crystallized by a biaxial stretching method, while an amorphous resin is used for the B layer, or the melting point of the B layer is lower than the melting point of the A layer. And can be achieved by selecting a resin having a heat treatment temperature or lower.

  In the optical duct system of the present invention, it is preferable that the daylighting unit and / or the light guide unit have a function of transmitting light having a wavelength of 365 nm of 30% or less. More preferably, it is 10% or less. Since ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 400 nm or less lead to deterioration of the reflector used in the present invention, it is preferable that the daylighting unit and / or the light guide unit contain an ultraviolet absorber. In the present invention, benzophenone-based, benzotriazole-based, and triazine-based compounds that are known as typical ultraviolet absorbers for paints that absorb ultraviolet rays and convert them into heat energy are particularly preferable. Examples of the benzophenone series include 4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone, 4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid, 4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid (trihydrate), 2 , 4-Dihydroxybenzophenone, 4,4'-dimethoxy 2,2'-dihydroxybenzophenone, 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-dihydroxy-5,5'-disulfonic acid benzophenone disodium, 2,2'- 4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, sodium hydroxymethoxybenzophenone sulfonate, octabenzone, 2-hydroxy-4-m-octoxy-benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone and the like. The benzotriazole series includes 2- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -p-cresol, 2- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -4-6-bis (1-methyl-1- Phenylethyl) phenol, 2- [5-chloro (2H) -benzotriazol-2-yl] -4-methyl-6- (tert-butyl) phenol, 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6- (5 -Chlorobenzotriazol-2-yl) phenol, 2- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -4,6-tert-pentylphenol, 2- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -4- (1 , 1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenol, 2,2'-methylenebis [6- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -4- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenol] 2 (2'-hydroxy-3'-tert-butyl-5'-methylphenyl) 5 chlorobenzotriazole, 2 (2'-hydroxy-3'5-di-tert-butyl-phenyl) 5 chlorobenzotriazole, 2 (2'-Hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl) benzotri Tetrazole, 2- (2-hydroxy-5-octylphenyl) - benzotriazole - such as Le, and the like. Further, triazines include 2- (4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) -5-[(hexyl) oxy] -phenol, 2- [4,6-bis (2 , 4-Dimethylphenyl) -1,3,5-triazin-2-yl] -5- (octyloxy) phenol, 1,6-hexanediamine, N, N'-bis (1,2,2, 6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl), polymers morpholine-2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine and the like, but are not limited thereto. Two or more of the above-mentioned components can be mixed and used. By coating the window or the surface of the window material with a filter in which an ultraviolet absorber is added to the window of the daylighting section, it is possible to provide a function with a light transmittance of a wavelength of 365 nm of 30% or less. It is preferable to provide the daylighting unit with an ultraviolet ray-cutting performance in order to prevent resin deterioration of the reflecting material as the light guide unit. However, it can also be achieved by adding to the inside of the resin layer or applying to the surface of the reflecting material to the reflecting material as the light guide. For example, the reflecting material can be obtained by previously adding the ultraviolet absorbing material described above to the resin at a concentration of 1 to 50% by weight and melt-kneading with an extruder. The light can be cut at 365 nm by appropriately adjusting the concentration depending on the material, but a concentration of 1 to 30% by weight is preferable from the viewpoint of bleeding out and color. Moreover, it can also be achieved by applying an ultraviolet absorbing material onto a base film that is a reflective material. The preparation of the coating agent can be achieved by appropriately adjusting the solution, the binder resin, and the ultraviolet absorber. The coating method uses various coating methods such as reverse coating method, gravure coating method, rod coating method, bar coating method, Mayer bar coating method, die coating method, spray coating method, etc. after corona treatment of the laminated film surface. be able to.

Moreover, the optical duct system of this invention installs the filter which reflects near infrared rays-infrared rays in the window of a lighting part, and a cooling effect is accelerated | stimulated more and it leads to the reduction of power consumption in summer. As materials having light absorption or light reflection performance in the near infrared to infrared region, phthalocyanine dyes, quartalimides, diimonium compounds, perylene pigments in organic systems, and generally cesium tungsten oxide, zinc oxide, AZO (zinc oxide aluminum) in which alumina is added to zinc oxide, GZO (zinc gallium oxide) in which gallium oxide Ga ₂ O ₃ is added as a dopant to zinc oxide, tin oxide, ATO (antimony tin oxide), ITO (indium tin oxide) Oxide) and lanthanum metal oxide. These can achieve a filter function by providing a film thickness of several hundreds of nanometers by coating or sputtering deposition on a glass or film substrate. In addition, you may employ | adopt as the film base material the film which changed the reflective zone | band of the laminated | multilayer film of this invention to 850-1200 nm or more and made the average reflectance 85% or more.

  It is preferable that the light duct system of the present invention includes a toning function of illumination light in any of the daylighting unit, the light guide unit, and the light emitting unit. The brightness of the light and the color of the sunlight taken in from the daylighting unit of the light duct system of the present invention change depending on the season, the weather, the influence of the ultraviolet absorber, and the like. For this reason, in order to use the illumination light without discomfort, it is preferable that the toning is stably performed with preferable colors. In addition, when it is necessary to produce an artistic space such as a ceremony, there are situations in which lighting with a specific color is preferred. The toning function here is to adjust the color of light using an auxiliary function such as a color filter or LED. These may be used alone or in combination. A desired color can be achieved by installing a color filter in any of the daylighting unit, the light guiding unit, and the light emitting unit. However, the chromaticity sensor and the three primary colors of red, green, and blue can be achieved in the light emitting unit. By using the LED and adjusting the output of the LED in accordance with the output from the sensor, the desired chromaticity x, y, and Y values can be adjusted stably. In addition, the role as an auxiliary light source for adjusting the brightness can be achieved by simply using conventional fluorescent lamps such as F6 and F10.

  In addition, light emission or absorption by a pigment can be used for toning of illumination light. Toning can also be achieved by adding a pigment to the window of the daylighting part or the reflector of the light guide part of the present invention, but from the viewpoint of color controllability, a color filter with a dye added to the light emitting part is installed. It is preferable to do. Since the color filter used in the optical duct system of the present invention can selectively absorb light of a specific wavelength, it is easy to reproduce desired spectral characteristics, that is, color eyes.

  The pigments here can be classified into pigments (organic / inorganic) and dyes. A pigment is preferable in terms of moisture and heat resistance, and an organic pigment is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of affinity with a thermoplastic resin. Organic pigments are roughly classified into azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, dyed lakes, heterocyclic pigments, and the like.

  Azo pigments are classified into insoluble azo pigments, azo lake pigments, condensed azo pigments, and metal complex azo pigments. Further, insoluble azo pigments are classified into β-naphthol-based, naphthol-AS-based, acetoacetate arylamide-based insoluble monoazo pigments, acetoacetate arylamide-based, and pyrazolone-based insoluble disazo pigments. Azo lake pigments are classified into β-naphthol type and β-oxynaphthoic acid type.

  The phthalocyanine pigment is classified into copper phthalocyanine, halogenated copper phthalocyanine, metal-free phthalocyanine, and copper phthalocyanine lake.

  Heterocyclic pigments are classified into anthoraquinone pigments, thioindigo pigments, perinone pigments, perylene pigments, quinacridone pigments, dioxazine pigments, isoindolinone pigments, quinofmeron pigments, and isoindoline pigments.

  Other examples include nitrone pigments, alizarin lakes, metal complex azomethine pigments, aniline black, alkali blue, and natural organic pigments.

  Examples of inorganic fluorescent phosphorescent materials include strontium aluminate borate, Iupilon, magnesium, titanium-activated yttrium oxysulfide, and calcium aluminate borate. Examples of organic fluorescent materials include rhodamine dyes such as rhodamine B, rhodamine 6G, rhodamine 3B, rhodamine 101, rhodamine 110, sulforhodamine, basic violet 11, and basic red 2, and 4-dicyanomethylene-2-methyl. Cyanine dyes such as -6- (p-dimethylaminostyryl) -4H-pyran (DCM), 1-ethyl-2- [4- (p-dimethylaminophenyl) -1,3-butadienyl] -pyridium-park Pyridine dyes such as Lorate (pyridine 1), or oxazine dyes, 3- (2′-benzothiazolyl) -7-diethylaminocoumarin (coumarin 6), 3- (2′-benzoimidazolyl) -7-N, N-diethylamino Coumarin (coumarin 7), 3- (2′-N-methyl) Benzimidazolyl) -7-N, N-diethylaminocoumarin (coumarin 30), 2,3,5,6-1H, 4H-tetrahydro-8-trifluoromethylquinolidine (9,9a, 1-gh) coumarin (coumarin 153 ) Or the like, or basic yellow 51 which is a coumarin dye, and naphthalimide dyes such as Solvent Yellow 11 and Solvent Yellow 116.

  As described above, it is possible to design the color filter by using the emission and absorption wavelengths of these various dyes / pigments and to adjust the illumination light. There are two methods for imparting selective wavelength absorptivity to the color filter: a method in which a pigment is kneaded in advance in a resin, and a method in which the pigment is dissolved in a solvent and applied onto an optical filter. In the former method, it is preferable to prepare a master chip in which the pigment concentration with respect to the thermoplastic resin is adjusted to about 0.1 to 10% by weight, and further dilute the master chip to a desired concentration. Finally, the pigment concentration relative to the thermoplastic resin is preferably 2% by weight or less. More preferably, it is 1% by weight or less. The installation position of the color filter is preferably the back side corresponding to the light guide side of the diffusion sheet of the light emitting part.

  In the optical duct system of the present invention, it is preferable that the reflector is seamlessly laminated on the light guide portion. Here, the term “seamless” means that there is no joint between the reflectors over a length of 2 m or more in the light guide direction of the light guide unit. If the reflective material is laminated on the surface of the light guide portion seamlessly, light loss due to light diffusion at the joint can be suppressed. In order to eliminate the joints, in the case of a film manufactured in a flat state, it can be achieved by a welding / compression treatment or the like. From the viewpoint of guiding light farther away, it is preferable to use a reflective material having a planar shape and a large area. The size of the reflecting material is preferably 1 m or more in width and 2 m or more in length. More preferably, the width is 2 m or more and the length is 5 m or more. The achievement method is to make the die width 1 m or more and the transverse draw ratio 3 times or more in the film manufacturing process. Even if the size of the film is large, the light guide performance such as color and brightness may be affected if the reflection performance in the film width direction is not uniform depending on the illumination location. Therefore, by dividing the film width direction length 17 of the base lip, which is the widening ratio inside the base, by the length 15 in the film width direction of the base inlet, the reflectance is reduced in the film width direction to 5 or less. In addition, a reflective material having a uniform reflection band can be obtained. More preferably, the widening ratio is 3 or less. By making the film size difficult to achieve by conventional processes such as metal vapor deposition and metal plating, it is possible to increase the area of the reflective material with uniform reflection performance.

  In addition, there is a tubular method as a film manufacturing process that eliminates joints, which is preferable because the film may be directly manufactured in a duct shape.

  In the optical duct system of the present invention, it is preferable that the average roughness Ra of the surface of the reflecting material used for the light guide is 15 nm or less. When Ra is larger than 15 nm, minute diffuse reflection occurs when light is reflected on the surface of the reflecting material, and it becomes difficult to guide light to a distant place without attenuation. More preferably, it is 10 nm or less. The achievement method is to contain substantially no particles in at least the layer forming the surface of the reflecting surface from the viewpoint of enhancing specular reflection. More preferably, it is preferable not to contain particles inside the resin layer. That is, it is preferable that particles are included only in the layer on the back side of the reflecting surface. The particles are preferably applied as an easy-slip layer by coating together with the easy-adhesion layer. If the particle size is too large, regular reflectivity is lost, and a range of 1 μm to 50 nm is preferable. From the viewpoint of slipperiness, a particle size of 0.5 μm or more and a two-particle system of 0.15 μm or less are preferable.

  The optical duct system of the present invention preferably contains a flame retardant component in the reflector. It is preferable from the viewpoint of environment, disaster prevention, and safety that a reflective material that is a light guide part of the optical duct contains a flame retardant component in order to delay combustion in the event of a building fire. As a flame retardant standard, performance of V-2 is required in the UL94V test, and VTM-2 or higher is required in the UL94VTM test. Examples of the flame retardant component include halogen flame retardants, phosphorus flame retardants, metal oxides, and inorganic flame retardants. Among halogen flame retardants, chlorinated paraffin, chlorinated polyethylene, brominated polyphenyl, chlorinated polyphenyl, perchloropentacyclodecane, dechlorane plus, tetrabromoethane, tetrabromobutane, 1,2-dibromo-3- Examples include chloropropane, 1,2,3-tribromopropane, hexabromocyclodecane, tetrabromobenzene, chlorinated diphenyl and the like. In the phosphorus-based flame retardant, as the non-halogen phosphate, trimethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, tributoxyethyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, bisphenol A diphenyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, octyl diphenyl phosphate, etc. Yes, as halogen-containing phosphate ester, tris (chloroethyl) phosphate, tris (dichloropropyl) phosphate, tris (dichloropropyl) phosphate, tris (chloropropyl) phosphate, bis (2,3 dibromopropyl) 2,3 dichloropropyl Phosphate, tris (2,3dibromopropyl) phosphate, bis (chloropropyl) monooctyl phosphate, special phosphate The Le, poly phosphonate, polyphosphates, aromatic polyphosphates, including epoxy phosphonate, dialkyl hydroxymethyl phosphonate, as a phosphorus-containing Borioru the like phosphonate type polyol. Examples of metal oxides and inorganic flame retardants include antimony trioxide, zinc borate, barium metaborate, aluminum magnesium hydroxide, zirconium hydroxide, and dimethylsiloxane. However, when these flame retardants are generally used, they are accompanied by absorption of visible light, so that there is a problem of changing the reflection performance, particularly the color of light. Therefore, in the present invention, it is preferable to use a non-halogen phosphate as the flame retardant, from the viewpoint of environmental considerations and from the viewpoint of not inhibiting regular reflection by the mirror surface that affects the light guide property of the reflector. These can be added and mixed directly at the time of melt extrusion, or can be added during the polymerization process. In the former case, the film often remains colored, while in the latter case, the color is less yellowing and Since it is better in light scattering, it is preferably added during polymerization. The method for accomplishing the addition and mixing is to add the flame retardant component at a concentration of 1 to 50% by weight to the resin in advance and melt and knead it with an extruder so that the flame retardant is contained in the laminated film after film formation. be able to. Flame retardancy can be achieved by adjusting the concentration as appropriate according to the material. Moreover, it can also be achieved by applying a flame retardant component onto a base film that is a reflective material. Preparation of the coating can be achieved by appropriately adjusting the solution, binder resin, and flame retardant. As the coating method, various coating methods such as reverse coating method, gravure coating method, rod coating method, bar coating method, Mayer bar coating method, die coating method, spray coating method and the like can be used. Subsequently, the flame retardant component can be laminated on the surface of the reflector by performing ultraviolet rays or heat treatment. From the viewpoint of flame retardancy, it is more effective to add a flame retardant inside the resin of the reflective material.

  In the optical duct system of the present invention, a white film is preferably used for the light emitting part. The white film is achieved by adding fine bubbles, titanium oxide or barium sulfate in a high concentration. If the particle concentration is too low, the diffuse reflection is poor, and if it is too high, it is preferably 3% by weight or more and 30% by weight or less from the viewpoint of easy tearing and difficulty in forming a film. More preferably, they are 10 weight% or more and 20 weight% or less. The white film used in the present invention preferably has a relative reflectance of 90% or more. More preferably, it is 95% or more. From the viewpoint of enhancing the brightness of the illumination light and the diffusion effect, the installation location is preferably installed by being attached to the wall surface of the reflective material on the light guide side of the diffusion sheet. The size is preferably equal to or smaller than the area of the window that emits light from the light emitting portion. If the area is too large, it is not possible to guide light to other light-emitting portions, so it is more preferably ½. However, in the case where light is emitted at the end point of light as indicated by 25 in FIG. 4 (a), the area may be larger than the frame that emits the light of the light emitting part, and from the viewpoint of light emission efficiency, the reflective material. It may be inclined 45 ° with respect to the surface. In the light emission part of a light guide process, it is preferable to arrange | position in parallel with a diffusion sheet. Further, if diffusion performance is required, a diffusion film or a prism sheet may be installed. The white film used in the optical duct system of the present invention can be achieved by using a Toray E60L or E6SL white film.

  In the optical duct system of the present invention, it is preferable that the reflecting material has a double structure in the light guide part or the light emitting part. The reflecting material has a double structure means that in a cross section perpendicular to the traveling direction of light, the light guiding path formed of the second reflecting material is surrounded by the air around the light guiding path formed of the first reflecting material. It is that it surrounds. FIG. 7 shows one mode of the optical duct in the light guide section in which the reflecting material forms a double structure. In FIG. 7A, in the light guide 24, the light guide path 32 formed of the second reflective material surrounds the light guide path 32 formed of the first reflective material with air interposed therebetween. It is sectional drawing containing the advancing direction of the light in a double structure. FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view in which the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the light traveling direction is rectangular. FIG. 7C shows a cross section perpendicular to the light traveling direction in the case where there are three adjacent light guide paths 32 formed of the first reflecting material having a circular cross section perpendicular to the light traveling direction. FIG.

  With such a double structure, light can be propagated around the light guide path 32 formed of the first reflecting material, and light leaked from the light guide path 32 is also formed of the second reflecting material. Light can be further propagated far away by the light guide path 33. The idea is that when light is closed in a narrow space using a reflector in a region perpendicular to the light traveling direction, mode dispersion is smaller, that is, the light travels straight and propagates far away. It is based on thoughts that can be made. However, as the space becomes narrower, the straightness of light increases, while it becomes difficult to capture a lot of light, and the amount of light decreases. This problem can be solved by adopting a structure in which a plurality of light guides closed in a narrow space as shown in FIG. The larger this number, the more effective the light propagation. Moreover, in the double structure, the meaning of separating the air is that air hardly absorbs light and a high light confinement effect can be exerted because the difference in refractive index from the reflecting material is large. In addition, the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the light traveling direction of the light guide path surrounded by the first or second reflecting material gradually decreases with the light traveling direction from the viewpoint of design matters for manipulating light. A function (a function of confining light in a narrow area) and a gradually increasing diffusion function (a function of opening light in a wide area) may be provided in the light guide part or the light emission part. The first reflective material and the second reflective material need not be exactly the same. A reflective material including a structure in which at least two or more kinds of resins are alternately laminated by 30 layers or more is a material that absorbs very little light, and thus is preferably used as the first reflective material. The second reflective material may be the same as the first reflective material, or a metal mirror surface material such as aluminum. In the latter case, if a filter that cuts near-infrared to infrared light heat rays is not installed in the daylighting section, heat will also propagate, so the heat exchange function using cold water or the like is adjacent to the second reflector. It is preferable to provide an optical duct system provided with The most preferred embodiment is the former case.

  FIG. 8 shows an example of the structure of the light emission part of the optical duct in which the reflecting material forms a double structure. In FIG. 8A, in the light emitting portion, the light guide path 32 formed of the first reflecting material has a light emitting section, and the light guide path 33 formed of the second reflecting material is surrounded by air. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view in which the shape of a cross section perpendicular to the light traveling direction in which there is also a light emitting portion is rectangular is surrounded by a rectangle. In FIG. 8B, the light guide path 32 formed of the first reflecting material has no light emitting portion, and the light guide path 33 formed of the second reflecting material surrounds the air with a space therebetween. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view in which the shape of the cross section perpendicular to the light traveling direction in which the light emitting portion is present is rectangular. FIG. 8C is a cross-sectional view when the light guide 32 formed of the first reflecting material in FIG. 8A has a circular cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the light traveling direction. FIG. 8D shows light in the case where there are three adjacent light guide paths 32 formed of the first reflecting material having a circular cross section perpendicular to the light traveling direction, and each has a light emitting portion. It is sectional drawing perpendicular | vertical to the advancing direction. Also in the light emission part here, it is also preferable to install the white film as a diffuse reflector as mentioned above and the diffusion sheet as a diffuse transmission body.

  It is preferable that a protective film is formed on the surface of the reflective material used in the present invention. The protective film is preferably hard and scratch-resistant. Examples of the component of the protective film include polysilane, siloxane, acrylic, and polycarbonate. Among these, acrylic is preferable from the viewpoint of versatility and adhesiveness with the reflector of the present invention. The film thickness is preferably 3 μm or more from the viewpoint of hardness. Moreover, from a viewpoint of workability, 200 micrometers or less are preferable. If the reflective material does not have an acrylic protective film, it will be easily scratched during construction, and the light guiding performance will deteriorate. From this viewpoint, the pencil hardness of the acrylic protective film is preferably H or more. As a method for forming the acrylic protective film, there are a method in which an acrylic resin is coated and then cured by UV irradiation, and a method in which an acrylic film and a reflective material are directly bonded via an adhesive. From the viewpoint of forming into various shapes, it is preferable to employ the latter. Further, the acrylic of the present invention has a function of having a transmittance of light of a wavelength of 365 nm of 30% or less in the daylighting part and / or the light guide part in order to prevent the ultraviolet ray deterioration of the reflecting material. It is preferable that the absorbent is contained in the acrylic.

  The reflecting material used in the optical duct system of the present invention is preferably provided with an antistatic function so that foreign matter such as dust does not adhere due to static electricity. The method of imparting the antistatic function includes (1) vapor deposition of a transparent conductive metal oxide such as ITO, (2) a method of kneading an antistatic agent in the reflector, and (3) on the surface of the reflector. There is a method of providing an antistatic layer by coating. It is preferable to adopt (3) from the viewpoint of good light guiding properties and antistatic efficiency. Examples of the antistatic agent include quaternary ammonium salts, polystyrene sulfonic acids and copolymers thereof, pyridinium salts, sulfate ester bases, phosphate ester bases, phosphonate bases, amino acids, amino sulfate esters, polyethylene glycols, A surfactant type antistatic agent such as amino alcohol type and glycerin type is preferably used.

  In the optical duct system of the present invention, an optical waveguide film can be used in combination with the light guide portion. The optical waveguide film here is a film composed of a core through which light passes and a clad that reflects light. The optical waveguide film is described in detail in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-249750. As a method of use, since the optical waveguide film is flexible, it is preferably used in an illumination system that also has design properties in the light emission part. Specifically, when natural light or LED light is taken in and guided into the room, it is preferable to use an optical waveguide film installed in the light emitting part. It is also preferable that the installation state is bent and used so that light hits a target place by utilizing flexibility.

  As the light source used in the present invention, a metal halide lamp, LED, fluorescent lamp (F6, F10), organic EL, halogen lamp, or the like can be used other than sunlight.

An evaluation method of physical property values used in the present invention will be described.
(Method for evaluating physical properties)
(1) Layer thickness, number of layers, layered structure The layer structure of the film was determined by observation with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) for a sample obtained by cutting a cross section using a microtome. That is, using a transmission electron microscope H-7100FA type (manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.), the cross section of the film was magnified 10000 to 40000 times under the condition of an acceleration voltage of 75 kV, a cross-sectional photograph was taken, the layer configuration, and the thickness of each layer Was measured. In some cases, in order to obtain high contrast, a staining technique using a known RuO ₄ or OsO ₄ was used.

  About 40,000 times as many TEM photographic images obtained from the above apparatus were captured with CanonScanD123U at an image size of 720 dpi. Save the image to a personal computer as a bitmap file (BMP) or compressed image file (JPEG), and then use the image processing software Image-Pro Plus ver.4 (distributor Planetron Co., Ltd.) Was opened and image analysis was performed. In the image analysis processing, the relationship between the thickness in the thickness direction and the average brightness of the region sandwiched between the two lines in the width direction was read as numerical data in the vertical thick profile mode. Using spreadsheet software (Excel 2000), the data of position (nm) and brightness was adopted in sampling step 6 (decimation 6), and then numerical processing of a three-point moving average was performed. Furthermore, the data obtained by periodically changing the brightness is differentiated, and the maximum value and the minimum value of the differential curve are read by a VBA (Visual Basic For Applications) program. It was calculated as the layer thickness of one layer. This operation was performed for each photograph, and the layer thicknesses of all layers were calculated. Of the obtained layer thickness, the thin film layer was a layer having a thickness of 500 nm or less. For the thin film layer, the average values of the adjacent A layer and B layer were sequentially obtained for all the groups. Therefore, the number of sets of average layer thickness is half of the number of thin film layers. The inclined structure is obtained by determining the average layer thickness of each group from the thicknesses of the respective A layer and B layer, and continuously increasing or decreasing monotonically in a range where the average thickness difference between adjacent groups is 50 nm or less. And a group consisting of layer thickness distributions of layer A and layer B having an average layer thickness distribution having a positive or negative slope in which the square of R is 0.5 or more. It was defined as an inclined structure, and the relationship between the number and inclination was examined.

(2) Average reflectance (Rave) measurement A 5 cm square sample was cut out from the central part in the film width direction. Next, an attached 12 ° specular reflection accessory device P / N134-0104 was attached to a spectrophotometer (U-4100 Spectrophotometer) manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd., and the absolute reflectance at an incident angle φ = 12 degrees was measured. Moreover, the attached Grande Taylor polarizer was installed, and the absolute reflectance of the P wave and the S wave with a wavelength of 250 nm to 2600 nm was measured. Measurement conditions: The slit was set to 2 nm (visible) / automatic control (infrared), the gain was set to 2, and the scanning speed was measured at 600 nm / min. From the obtained two spectral reflectance curves, the average value of the reflectance of the P wave and S wave of each wavelength was adopted. At the time of sample measurement, the back surface of the sample was painted black with oil-based ink in order to eliminate interference due to reflection from the back surface of the sample. The back surface was a surface containing particles. The average reflectance Rave in the wavelength ranges of (a), (b) and (c) below was calculated from the average spectral reflectance curve of the P wave and S wave. The average reflectance Rave is calculated by calculating the area in the wavelength range of (a) and (b) based on the Simpson's formula using the absolute reflectance data for each wavelength of 1 nm. The average reflectance Rave was determined by dividing by the width of. A detailed explanation of the Simpson method is described in “Numerical Calculation Method I for Electronic Computers” (Baifukan) (1965) by Jiro Yamauchi et al. In addition, the average reflectance Rave was also examined for a sample at a position of 1100 mm from the center in the film width direction toward the end. Two such locations are assumed, but the average reflectance of the end portion having the larger difference from the average reflectance of the central portion is adopted.
(A) 400 nm ≦ λ ≦ 700 nm
(B) 1500 nm ≦ λ ≦ 2600 nm.
(C) 900 nm ≦ λ ≦ 1500 nm
(3) Angle dependency of P wave The sample was cut out at a size of 5 × 10 cm from the center in the film width direction. Using the same device as in (2) above, the angle variable absolute reflectance was measured by installing the attached angle variable absolute reflectance device (20-60 °) P / N134-0115 (modified). The measurement conditions were the same as in item (2), and absolute reflectance measurement was performed in the P-wave wavelength range of 250 to 2600 nm for each of incident angles of 20 °, 40 °, and 60 °. The average reflectance in the P-wave wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm was determined for each incident angle following the above (2), and evaluated according to the following criteria. The back surface of the sample was painted black with oil-based ink. ○ is a pass, which is substantially synonymous with the absence of the Brewster angle.
○: R ₂₀ ≦ R ₄₀ ≦ R ₆₀ is satisfied (where R ₂₀ is an average reflectance at an incident angle of 20 °, R ₄₀ is an average reflectance at an incident angle of 40 °, and R ₆₀ is an average reflectance at an incident angle of 60 °). Rate)
X: R ₂₀ ≦ R ₄₀ ≦ R ₆₀ is not satisfied.

(4) Luminance Measurement In order to evaluate the optical duct cystam of the present invention, an optical duct system having the structure shown in FIGS. 4 (a), (b) and (d) was produced and a model experiment was conducted. FIG. 4A includes 6 units and one 90 ° conversion unit. The size of one unit of the light guide unit was configured to be 30 cm (width direction) × 20 cm (height direction) × 50 cm (light guide direction). The 90 ° conversion unit was configured such that the bottom surface was 30 cm in apex isosceles triangle and the height was 20 cm. FIG. 4B shows a configuration of 4 knits, 5 90 ° conversion units, and 4 square units. The square unit had a configuration of 30 cm (width direction) × 20 cm (height direction) × 30 cm (light guide direction). A smooth surface not containing the particles of the reflective material was used as a reflective surface of the light guide unit, and was installed over the entire inner wall of the light guide unit. In addition, the length from the lighting part of the optical duct system to the exit of the light emitting part was set to 3 m5 cm, and the optical duct structure was formed such that the optical path bends at a right angle of 90 ° in the middle of the path. Moreover, the metal halide lamp 23 of MME-250 metal halide light kid made from MORITEX was used for the light source instead of sunlight. The light from the lamp was reflected on the wall surface of the light duct portion 24, and a 90 ° optical path change occurred in the middle, and then the white film 25 was tilted so that the light was guided to the diffusion sheet 26 side. For the white film 25, Toray E60L was used. The light diffusely reflected by this reflective film then passes through the diffusion sheet 26 to become indoor illumination light. RM851 manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical was used as the diffusion sheet. Using a luminance meter installed at the upper center of the outgoing light surface of the diffusion sheet 26, the normal line of the optical system and the diffusion sheet surface that is the light emitting part is obtained, and then the focus of the lens is adjusted so that the entire illumination area of the diffusion sheet is obtained. Images were taken while in the field of view. The luminance meter used was CA-2000 manufactured by Konica Minolta. The setting conditions of the luminance meter were a wide-angle lens, a measurement distance of 90 cm, a number of measurement points of 490 × 490, and an output integration number of 4 for considering the influence of noise. Next, the image data was analyzed using data management software CA-S20w manufactured by Konica Minolta.
The measurement was performed by measuring the luminance (cd / m ² ) of the entire surface of a 10 cm square inner region at the center of the diffusion sheet in a dark room. The evaluation criteria were evaluated according to the following criteria, assuming that the luminance when the light source was directly connected to the terminal unit was 100%.
A: Luminance is 50% or more B: Luminance is less than 50% 30% or more Δ: Luminance is less than 30% 10% or more X: Luminance is less than 10%

(5) Color Eye Using a metal halide lamp as a light source, image data photographed by the same measurement method as the luminance measurement in the above (4) was analyzed using data management software CA-S20w manufactured by Konica Minolta. The color space is set to Lvxy. The analysis area was a 10 cm square size at the center of the diffusion sheet of the light emitting part, and numerical data of chromaticity value x and chromaticity value y were obtained.

In the optical duct system of FIG. 4A, the color (x, y) in the system of each example and comparative example is based on the value of the color (x0, y0) = (0.3426, 0.3659) of the metal halide lamp as the light source. ) Change amounts Δx = | x0−x | and Δy = | y0−y | were evaluated according to the following criteria.
○: Both Δx and Δy are 0.003 or less. Δ: Either one of Δx and Δy exceeds 0.003. ×: Both Δx and Δy exceed 0.003.

(6) Surface roughness A three-dimensional roughness meter ET-30HK manufactured by Kosaka Laboratories using a material cut into a size of 4.0 cm in length and 3.5 cm in width from the center in the film width direction. Measurement was performed under the following conditions using SPA-11. The value of the surface which measured both surfaces and showed a small value was made into the surface roughness of the film. Measurement conditions Z.magnication: 20000 Y.drive.pitch: 10μm
X.magnication: 200 X.drive: 100 μm / s X.mesurelength: 2000 μm.

(7) Cooling effect measurement The metal halide lamp used for the luminance measurement in the item (4) is changed to a 400 W incandescent light source, and the optical duct system having the structure shown in FIG. As shown, the diffusion sheet of the light emission part was removed, and then the light emission part was covered with a polystyrene foam heat insulating material 28 so that heat did not leak. The incandescent bulb of the light source was continuously turned on, and the internal temperature was observed with the thermometer 27 when 4 hours, 8 hours, and 12 hours passed. The increase in temperature compared with the temperature measured at the three time points and the temperature before the lamp installation was evaluated according to the following criteria.
○: Among the three measurements, there was a time when the temperature rise of the light emitting part was less than 2 ° C.
X: Among the three measurements, there was never a point in time when the temperature rise of the light emitting part was less than 2 ° C.

(8) A flame retardant was evaluated based on a 20 mm vertical combustion test UL94V standard (IEC60695-11-10 B method, ASTM D3801) for a reflective material cut out to 125 mm × 13 mm from the center part in the flame retardant film direction.

(9) Refractive index The refractive index of resin was measured according to JIS K7142 (1996) A method. With respect to the resin A, the refractive index in the in-plane direction of the film is as follows by sequentially biaxially stretching using a film stretcher (KARO-IV manufactured by Bruckner) under the same conditions as the film forming conditions of the examples. It has been confirmed that That is, the refractive index in the in-plane direction of the resin A-1, A-2, and A-4 formed into a film is 1.66, and the refractive index in the in-plane direction of the resin A-3 is 1.77.

(10) A sample of 5 cm square was cut out from the central portion of the transmittance film width direction at a wavelength of 365 nm. Subsequently, an attached integrating sphere was attached to a spectrophotometer (U-4100 Spectrophotometer) manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd., and transmittance was measured at an incident angle φ = 0 °. The standard sub-white plate was measured for spectral transmittance at a measurement wavelength of 250 nm to 700 nm using the attached aluminum oxide, and the transmittance of light having a wavelength of 365 nm was read. Measurement conditions: The slit was set to 2 nm (visible) / automatic control (infrared), the gain was set to 2, and the scanning speed was measured at 600 nm / min.

(11) Formability FIG. 6A shows a top view of the mold, and FIG. 6B shows a side view of the mold. The convex height of the mold was 10 cm on one side of the base and 5 cm in height. A molding test was performed using the reflective material of Examples 1 to 5 and the reflective material of Comparative Example 1 using an HDVF ultra-high pressure molding machine SAMK400 (agent Mino Group) manufactured by Bayer Niebling. The molding conditions were a film temperature of 220 ° C., a pressure of 10 MPa, and a gold temperature of 70 ° C. The moldability was evaluated according to the following criteria.
○: After molding, wrinkles and film were not torn and the color was not changed.
Δ: After molding, there is a slight change in wrinkles or color.
X: After molding, there are wrinkles, film tears / cracks, and color change.

(12) Pencil hardness It measured according to the method prescribed | regulated to JIS-K5400 (1990). The measurement was performed under the following conditions.
Measuring device: Surface property tester “HEIDON TYPE: 14DR” manufactured by Shinto Kagaku Co., Ltd.
Pencil used: Mitsubishi Pencil Co., Ltd. Uni movement speed: 30 mm / min
Travel distance: 10mm
Load: 1kg
Judgment method: When scratches are not observed twice or more in five tests, the pencil density is taken as the pencil hardness of the test piece.

(13) Xenon-type accelerated weathering test The change in color after exposure to ultraviolet rays was confirmed under the following irradiation conditions. The color was evaluated by the color difference ΔE. For evaluation of color, a sample was cut out at 5 cm × 5 cm from the center in the film width direction, and the colorimetric values a *, b *, and L * in reflected light were measured using CM-3600d manufactured by Konica Minolta, The average value of n number 5 was calculated | required. CMA-103 attached to the apparatus was used for the white calibration plate. Next, after exposure to ultraviolet rays, a colorimetric value was measured using the same apparatus, and a color difference ΔE was determined from the colorimetric values before and after exposure. The colorimetric values were calculated based on JIS Z8722 (2000) under the conditions of D65 and 10 ° field of view as the light source.
Irradiation condition device: 7.5kW super xenon weather meter SX75 manufactured by Suga Test Instruments
Illuminance: 150 W / m ²
Filter configuration: inside / quartz, outside / # 295
Integrated dose: 150 MJ / m ²

(Thermoplastic resin)
The following were prepared as the resin A.
(Resin A-1) To a mixture of 100 parts by weight of dimethyl terephthalate and 60 parts by weight of ethylene glycol, 0.09 part by weight of magnesium acetate and 0.03 part by weight of antimony trioxide are added with respect to the amount of dimethyl terephthalate. Transesterification is performed by heating and raising the temperature by a conventional method. Subsequently, 0.020 part by weight of 85% aqueous phosphoric acid solution is added to the transesterification product with respect to the amount of dimethyl terephthalate, and then the polycondensation reaction layer is transferred. Further, the reaction system was gradually depressurized while being heated and heated, and a polycondensation reaction was performed at 290 ° C. under a reduced pressure of 1 mmHg by a conventional method to obtain polyethylene terephthalate having IV = 0.63. Refractive index 1.58.

  (Resin A-2) Using 100 parts by weight of terephthalic acid and 50 parts by weight of ethylene glycol, 250 ° C. bis-β-hydroxyethyl terephthalate obtained by a direct esterification method and 0.002 parts by weight of acetic acid in the polymer Lithium dihydrate and 10 wt% ethylene glycol were added and stirred. Next, a predetermined amount of a reaction product obtained by heating and reacting a mixture of 2-carboxyethylmethylphosphinic acid intramolecular cyclic anhydride and ethylene glycol at a polymerization ratio of 1: 1 at 120 ° C. is added, and then trioxide is added. Antimony 0.05 weight part and titanium dioxide 0.06 part were added, and the flame-retardant polyethylene terephthalate of IV = 0.65 was manufactured. The phosphorus content was 1% by weight. Refractive index 1.58.

(Resin A-3) Polyethylene naphthalate having IV = 0.43 obtained by polycondensation of naphthalene 2,6-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester (NDC) and ethylene glycol (EG) by a conventional method.
Refractive index 1.65.

(Resin A-4) Polyethylene terephthalate obtained by adding 10% by weight of bisphenol A diphenyl phosphate to the polyethylene terephthalate of resin A-1. Refractive index 1.58.
On the other hand, as the thermoplastic resin B, the following were prepared.

(Resin B-1) Polyethylene terephthalate copolymerized with IV = 0.55 (45 mol% of spiroglycol (SPG) and 65 mol% of cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (CHDC)).
Refractive index 1.51.

(Resin B-2) Polyethylene terephthalate copolymerized with IV = 0.72 (20 mol% of spiroglycol (SPG) and 30 mol% of cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (CHDC)).
Refractive index 1.53.

(Resin B-3) Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) obtained by copolymerizing 20 mol% of ethyl acrylate. Refractive index 1.495.
Note that neither the thermoplastic resin A nor the thermoplastic resin B contained particles, and the resins used in the examples and comparative examples were combined as shown in Table 1.

[Example 1]
Resins A-2 and B-1 were respectively charged into two single-screw extruders, melted at 280 ° C., and kneaded. Next, after passing through five FSS type leaf disk filters, the number of slits was 301 while measuring with a gear pump so that the discharge ratio was thermoplastic resin A / thermoplastic resin B = 1.07 / 1. Were combined by a 903 layer laminating apparatus having a structure using two slit plates and one 303 slit plate, and a laminate in which 903 layers were alternately laminated in the thickness direction was obtained. The method for forming a laminate was carried out according to the description in paragraphs [0053] to [0056] of JP-A-2007-307893. Since there is a confluence layer of the A layers, the number of gaps in the slit plate is 905. Here, the slit width (gap) is all constant, and only the slit length is changed, so that the layer thickness distribution has an inclined structure. The resulting laminate had 452 layers of thermoplastic resin A and 451 layers of thermoplastic resin B, and had an inclined structure that was alternately laminated in the thickness direction. The target layer thickness distribution pattern calculated from the gap between the slit plates of the laminating apparatus is shown in FIG. The inclination at the time of design was designed so that each inclination structure 11, 12, 13 described in FIG.

  Next, the laminate is supplied to a T-die having a lip width of 1 m, formed into a sheet, and rapidly cooled and solidified on a casting drum whose surface temperature is maintained at 25 ° C. while applying an electrostatic application voltage of 8 kV with a wire. And an unstretched film was obtained. This unstretched film was stretched 3.3 times at 95 ° C. with a longitudinal stretching machine, subjected to corona treatment, and vinyl acetate / acrylic based on 5 parts by weight of colloidal silica having a particle size of 80 nm with # 8 metabar. The resin and the crosslinking agent were coated with 125 parts by weight of an aqueous coating agent to give a smooth surface. After guiding both ends to a tenter gripped by clips and stretching at 105 ° C by 4.2 times, then heat treatment was performed in the order of 230 ° C and 240 ° C, and TD relaxation of about 3% was performed at 150 ° C, thickness 100 µm A laminated film having a film width of 3 m was obtained. The coating layer had a thickness of 100 nm and a refractive index of 1.52. The results of measuring the physical properties of this film are shown in Table 1.

  The layer thickness distribution at the center in the width direction of the obtained laminated film is all within the range of the layer thickness of the thin film layer in the range of 60 nm to 170 nm in 300 layers counting from the outermost layer side on both the front and back surfaces except for the outermost layer. In addition, both the A layer and the B layer had an inclined structure in which the layer thickness monotonously increased from the surface layer side. The remaining 301 layers at the central portion in the film thickness direction also had an inclined structure in which the layer thickness of the thin film layer was entirely within the range of 60 nm to 170 nm and the layer thickness monotonously increased. Each of them had a structure in which 903 layers of the thermoplastic resin A layer and the thermoplastic resin B layer were alternately laminated. It was confirmed that the layer thickness of the thin film layer was in the range of 60 nm to 170 nm over 901 of the 903 layers. In addition, it was confirmed that there were a total of three inclined structures composed of the layer thickness distributions of the A layer and the B layer. The two thick film layers serving as the outermost layers were 1.5 μm. On the other hand, in the edge part of the film width direction, it confirmed that the layer thickness of the thin film layer belonged to the range of 60 nm-170 nm over 901 layers of the number of 903 layers. As a result of evaluating the laminated film, it was a reflective material with metallic luster. Subsequently, the reflective material was cut out from the 1 m width | variety of the film width direction center position, and the optical duct system was produced. It is assumed that there is no limit to the cutout region of the reflective material in the film longitudinal direction. When used as a light guide part of an optical duct, it was confirmed that it is flame retardant, has little light attenuation, and has a cooling effect even in summer. Moreover, there was no coloration and the yellowing peculiar to a flame retardance, and it was almost the same as the light source color of a metal halide lamp. A reflective material was cut out from the width of 1 m at the end in the film width direction to produce an optical duct system, but the same performance was obtained for both the cooling effect and the color as compared with the central part. In addition, Rave at the film edge part of the reflecting material was the same as the central part.

[Example 2]
A 100 μm thick laminated film of Example 1 and a 90 μm thick laminated film obtained by the same method as in Example 1 (made by changing only the casting drum speed, which is the film forming condition of Example 1), are 5 μm thick. A reflective material was prepared by pasting together the adhesive sheet. Next, when the reflective material is cut out from the center position 1 m width in the film width direction, an optical duct system is produced and used as a light guide portion of the optical duct, light attenuation is small and there is a cooling effect even in summer. confirmed. Further, Rave at the film end of the reflective material was the same as that at the center. For this reason, the optical duct system manufactured using the end portion also has the same or better performance in terms of the cooling effect and color than the center portion.

[Example 3]
A laminated film having a thickness of 100 μm and a film width of 3 m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the expansion ratio of the die and the resin composition of the reflector were changed. The results of measuring the physical properties of this film are shown in Table 1.

  The layer thickness distribution at the center in the width direction of the obtained laminated film had the same three inclined structures as in Example 1.

  Each of them had a structure in which 903 layers of the thermoplastic resin A layer and the thermoplastic resin B layer were alternately laminated. It was confirmed that the layer thickness of the thin film layer was in the range of 60 nm to 170 nm over 860 layers among the 903 layers. The two thick film layers serving as the outermost layers were 1.3 μm. On the other hand, in the edge part of the film width direction, it confirmed that the layer thickness of the thin film layer belonged to the range of 60 nm-170 nm over 900 layers among 903 layers. As a result of evaluating the laminated film, it was a reflective material with metallic luster. However, since the difference in refractive index between the resin A layer and the B layer was small, the reflection performance was inferior to that of Example 1. Next, when the reflective material was cut out from the center position 1 m width in the film width direction to produce an optical duct system and used as a light guide part of the optical duct, it was confirmed that there was little light attenuation and that there was a cooling effect even in summer. . Moreover, Rave at the film edge part of the reflecting material was 2% higher than the center part. Since the spectral reflection curve at a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm was not flat, the color at the light emitting portion was bluish. A reflective material was cut out from the width of 1 m at the end in the film width direction to produce an optical duct system. However, in terms of luminance, performance superior to that of an aluminum deposited film could be obtained.

[Example 4]
A laminated film having a thickness of 100 μm and a film width of 3 m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the expansion ratio of the die and the resin composition of the reflector were changed. Subsequently, only the casting drum speed was changed in the same manner to obtain a laminated film having a thickness of 90 μm. The two laminated films were laminated to make a reflector. Next, when the reflecting material is cut out from the center position 1 m width in the film width direction, an optical duct system is produced and used as a light guide portion of the optical duct, the flame retardancy is very excellent, and light attenuation is small. It was confirmed that there was a cooling effect even in summer. In addition, the Rave at the film edge of the reflector was 2% higher than the center, but the reflective material was cut out from the 1 m width at the film width direction end position, and an optical duct system was produced. Performance was obtained. In addition, although the color of the light in a light emission part changed a little by the influence of a flame retardant, it was a grade which does not cause a problem.

[Example 5]
As described in Table 1, the widening ratio of the resin, the laminating apparatus, and the inside of the base was changed. Resins A-3 and B-3 were respectively charged into two single-screw extruders, melted at 280 ° C., and kneaded. Next, after passing through five FSS type leaf disk filters, the number of slits was 201 while measuring with a gear pump so that the discharge ratio was thermoplastic resin A / thermoplastic resin B = 1.07 / 1. Were combined in a 603-layer laminating apparatus having a configuration using two slit plates and one 203 slit plates in total to form a laminate in which 603 layers were alternately laminated in the thickness direction. Next, in the same manner as in Example 1, the laminate was supplied to a T-die having a lip width of 1 m and formed into a sheet, and then the surface temperature was kept at 25 ° C. while applying an electrostatic application voltage of 8 kV with a wire. The film was rapidly cooled and solidified on a dripping casting drum to obtain an unstretched film. The unstretched film was stretched at 140 ° C. and 3.0 times with a longitudinal stretching machine, then led to a tenter holding both ends with clips, and then stretched at 145 ° C. and 3.8 times, and then 240 ° C. and 245 ° C. In this order, heat treatment was performed, and about 3% TD relaxation was performed at 150 ° C. to obtain a laminated film having a thickness of 65 μm and a film width of 3 m. The results of measuring the physical properties of this film are shown in Table 1. In the molding test, the molding conditions were increased by + 15 ° C.

The layer thickness distribution of the obtained laminated film had an inclined structure that becomes the pattern of FIG. Each of them had a structure in which 603 layers of the thermoplastic resin A layer and the thermoplastic resin B layer were alternately laminated. It was confirmed that the layer thickness of the thin film layer was in the range of 60 nm to 170 nm over 504 of the 603 layers. The two thick film layers serving as the outermost layers were 1.1 μm. On the other hand, in the edge part, it confirmed that the layer thickness of the thin film layer belonged to the range of 60 nm-170 nm over 550 out of 603 layers. As a result of evaluating the laminated film, it was a reflective material with metallic luster. Next, when the reflective material was cut out from the center position 1 m width in the film width direction to produce an optical duct system and used as a light guide part of the optical duct, it was confirmed that there was little light attenuation and that there was a cooling effect even in summer. . Moreover, the reflective material was cut out from the 1 m width | variety of the film width direction edge position, the optical duct system was produced, and the performance more than an aluminum vapor deposition film was able to be obtained in terms of a brightness | luminance and a thermal effect.
Moreover, Rave at the film edge part of the reflecting material was 5% higher than the center part.
Hereinafter, the Example which changed the structure of the light duct system of a lighting part and a light emission part is described.

[Example 6]
In the optical duct system of Example 3, a film having the following ultraviolet absorbing function was installed at the daylighting unit.
That is, a 50 μm-thick biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film containing 1% by weight of LA-51, a benzophenone weathering agent manufactured by Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd., was formed. The transmittance of light having a wavelength of 365 nm was 5%. The amount of change in the color of the illumination light transmitted through the diffusion sheet in the light emitting part was 0.003 or less for both Δx and y. It is understood that ultraviolet absorption is effective for long-term reliability because it prevents deterioration of the resin of the reflecting material, and is useful for toning of illumination light.

[Example 7]
In the light duct system of Example 4, a color filter having the following light absorption function was installed at the light emitting portion.
That is, a 25 μm thick biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film containing 0.2% by weight of an anthraquinone blue pigment was placed on the white film 25 of FIG. 4A as a color filter. The amount of change in the color of the illumination light transmitted through the diffusion sheet in the light emitting part was 0.003 or less for both Δx and y. It was confirmed that the color filter is useful for toning of illumination light. The luminance was less than 30% and 10% or more, which was a level that could be used as illumination light.

[Example 8]
The configuration of the light emission part 5 of the optical duct system in FIG. 4A in Example 4 is changed to the configuration of FIG. The half mirror 30 is a discontinuous metal vapor deposition film of tin, and its reflectance is 35%. Two 188GM2 diffusion films 31 made by Kimoto were placed under the diffusion sheet 26. The LED array light source 30 is a circuit in which red, blue, and green are alternately and densely arranged to control the emission intensity of each color. The red LED used was Toshiba TLRH180P (emission wavelength 645 nm), the blue LED used was NSPB510S manufactured by Nichia Corporation, and the green LED used E1L53-3G manufactured by Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. By changing the output voltage of each color by the control system IC driver circuit, it was possible to obtain illumination light having a change amount of Δx, y of 0.003 or less. The luminance was 80%, and it was confirmed that the lighting was compatible with both color and luminance.

[Example 9]
As a result of testing the moldability, the sample of Comparative Example 1 could not be molded due to cracks, whitening, wrinkles and the like. On the other hand, the samples of Examples 1, 2 and 4 could be molded by following the mold shape neatly without wrinkling while maintaining the metallic luster without changing color. In Example 3, there was only a little color change, and in Example 5, since the thickness was thin and the waist was strong, wrinkles were slightly generated. From this, it was confirmed that the reflective material of the present invention is effective for the curved surface of the light guide portion.

[Example 10]
Using the reflective material having a total width of 3 m and a length of 10 m obtained in Example 1, the reflective material is cut out so that the number of joints is as small as possible, and the optical duct system shown in FIG. did. As a result of the luminance measurement, the luminance was 52%, and the effect of reducing the optical loss could be confirmed by reducing the number of joints. In the assembly process of the conventional metal mirror surface material, since there are many connections, such seamlessness is difficult. On the other hand, it can be seen that the reflective material of the present application is excellent in formability such as curved surface tracking, and can easily achieve high light propagation performance with a small number of joints from a large area.

[Example 11]
The light duct system shown in FIG. 4 (d) is manufactured using the reflector of Example 2 with a width of 3 m and a length of 10 m, and a daylighting unit is provided there by using a hole in the south window side ventilation fan mounting position. It installed so that 2 might be connected. A window curtain was used as a blind curtain, and a comparison experiment was conducted with a fluorescent lamp installed indoors on a sunny day in the summer. Two fluorescent lamps of 40 type and 36 W were arranged and covered with the same diffusion sheet 25 as in FIG. (Evaluation method of physical property value) As a result of measurement using the luminance meter of the item (4), when the reflective material of Examples 1, 2, and 4 was used, the luminance of the fluorescent lamp was 50% or more. It was confirmed that the brightness could be secured.

[Example 12]
Using the same reflecting material in the optical duct system of FIG. 4A using the reflecting material of Example 2, a cylinder (light guide path) having a light emitting part with a radius of 12 cm is created. It installed in the inside of the optical duct system of Fig.4 (a) by the arrangement | positioning relationship described in (c). The end of the cylinder was up to the front of the white film 25. The bent portion was also formed into a cylindrical cross section by molding. As a result of the luminance measurement, it was confirmed that the luminance was 80% or more. Note that the luminance results measured up to the white film 25 only with the cylindrical portion (light guide portion not having a double structure) and FIG. The brightness of the light duct system of a) was about 10%. On the other hand, in the structure in which the two reflecting materials of Example 2 were bonded, the luminance was 70%. From this fact, it was confirmed that the one provided with the double structure exhibited a high brightness improvement effect which has not been achieved conventionally.

[Example 13]
The reflective material obtained in Example 2 was subjected to a xenon-type accelerated weathering test. As a result, the color difference ΔE was 5 and a color change was observed. Next, a 125 μm Mitsubishi Rayon PMMA film [HBXN47] excellent in scratch resistance and weather resistance was bonded to the reflective material of Example 2, and an xenon-type accelerated weathering test was conducted using the irradiation side as a PMMA film. Color difference ΔE Gave a very good result of 1. Further, the pencil hardness was H and an excellent result was obtained. From this, it can be seen that the workability is good and suitable as a reflector for the optical duct system.

[Example 14]
2- (4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) -5 which is a triazine-based UV absorber is added to each of the resin A-2 and the resin B-1 used in Example 2. 1% by weight of-[(hexyl) oxy] -phenol was added to form a laminated film as a reflective material in the same manner as in Example 1. The transmittance of light having a wavelength of 365 nm was less than 5%. Next, when a xenon weathering acceleration test was performed on this reflective material, the color difference ΔE before and after exposure was 0.8, which was very excellent.

[Comparative Example 1]
Using a 100 μm-thick Toray Co., Ltd. PET film “Lumirror” type S10 as an original fabric, an aluminum vapor-deposited film was produced by a roll-to-roll process with a film width of 500 mm using a large vacuum vapor deposition apparatus. The ultimate vacuum in the apparatus was 1 × 10 ⁻⁶ torr, the aluminum in the container was sublimated by heating with a heater, and aluminum was deposited on the PET film running on the top. The thickness of the deposited aluminum part was 100 nm. As for the P wave of the aluminum vapor deposition film, when the incident angles were 20 °, 40 °, and 60 °, the reflectance gradually decreased. When used as a light guide for an optical duct, the film width was 500 mm, so an optical duct system with more seams was produced than in the examples. In the luminance measurement, it was confirmed that the attenuation of light was larger than that of the present invention and that the heat of the light source was propagated to the light emission part. In addition, in the optical duct system of FIG. 4A, the value of the color (x, y) when using the aluminum vapor deposition film as a reflecting material for the light guide unit was (0.342, 0.366). .

  The light duct system of the present invention has very little attenuation of light, and since it does not transmit infrared rays that lead to temperature rise in the building in summer, it can be expected to have a cooling effect, so it can effectively use external natural light Can provide energy-saving lighting in the building. Moreover, since the reflective material to be used is very excellent in regular reflection property and reflection performance, it can be used as a mirror or a reflection member for illumination. From the above, since the optical duct system of the present invention has a function of collecting, guiding, and emitting light, it can be applied to applications such as building materials, decoration / design, illumination / display, and photovoltaic power generation.

1: Natural light 2: Daylighting unit 3: Main reflection plate 4: Light guide unit 5: Light emission unit 6: Indoor 7: Laminating device 71: Slit plate 72: Slit plate 73: Slit plate 8: Merger 9: Connecting pipe 10 : Base 11: Layer thickness inclined structure 12 formed by the slit plate 71: Layer thickness inclined structure formed by the slit plate 72 13: Layer thickness inclined structure formed by the slit plate 73 11L: The slit plate 71 Resin flow path 12L from the outlet: Resin flow path 13L from the outlet of the slit plate 72: Resin flow path 11M from the outlet of the slit plate 73: Communicating with the outlet of the slit plate 71, and arranged by a recombiner Resin flow path 12M: communicated with the outlet of the slit plate 72, and resin flow path 13M arranged by the merger: communicated with the outlet of the slit plate 73, resin flow path 14 arranged by the merger : Length in the width direction of the resin channel 15: Length in the film width direction at the inlet of the die 16: Cross section of the channel at the inlet of the die 17: Length in the film width direction of the die lip 18: Layer length Arrangement order 19: Layer thickness 20: Point indicating thickness of thick film layer 21: Layer thickness distribution 22 of resin A 22: Layer thickness distribution 23 of resin B: Metal halide lamp 24: Light guide portion 25: White film 26: Diffusion sheet 27 : Thermometer 28: Heat insulating material 29: LED array light source 30: Half mirror 31: Diffusion film 32: Light guide path 33 formed of the first reflecting material: Light guide path 34 formed of the second reflecting material: Sunlight

Claims (12)

An optical duct system having a daylighting unit, a light guiding unit, and a light emitting unit, wherein the light guiding unit includes a structure in which at least two or more kinds of resins are laminated, and the following formula (1) and formula A light duct system characterized in that a reflector satisfying (2) is used.
Rave [400 nm ≦ λ ≦ 700 nm] ≧ 80% Formula (1)
Rave [1500 nm ≦ λ ≦ 2600 nm] ≦ 30% (2)
(Here, Rave [a ≦ λ ≦ b] means an average reflectance (%) for light rays having an incident angle of 12 ° and a wavelength range of a ≦ λ ≦ b.) When the reflection material is light having a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm, and the average reflectance of P waves at incident angles of 20 °, 40 °, and 60 ° is R ₂₀ , R ₄₀ , and R ₆₀ , respectively.
R ₂₀ ≦ R ₄₀ ≦ R ₆₀
The optical duct system according to claim 1, wherein: The optical duct system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a material having a transmittance of light having a wavelength of 365 nm of 30% or less is used for a member constituting the daylighting unit and / or the light guide unit. The optical duct system according to claim 1, wherein the reflecting material is a biaxially stretched polyester film. The optical duct system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a reflector is seamlessly laminated on the light guide section. The optical duct system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein an average roughness of a surface of the reflector is 15 nm or less. The optical duct system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the reflective material comprises a non-halogen phosphate ester flame retardant component. The optical duct system according to claim 1, wherein a white film is used for the light emission part. The optical duct system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the reflecting material forms a double structure in the light guide section or the light emitting section. The optical duct system in any one of Claims 1-9 which has formed the protective film in the reflecting material surface. A building provided with the optical duct system according to claim 1. A laminated film used as a reflector in the optical duct system according to claim 1.

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