JP5473271B2 - Electric heating device - Google Patents

Electric heating device Download PDF

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JP5473271B2
JP5473271B2 JP2008198238A JP2008198238A JP5473271B2 JP 5473271 B2 JP5473271 B2 JP 5473271B2 JP 2008198238 A JP2008198238 A JP 2008198238A JP 2008198238 A JP2008198238 A JP 2008198238A JP 5473271 B2 JP5473271 B2 JP 5473271B2
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container
metal member
lower electrode
electric heating
metal
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JP2010038376A (en
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民雄 岡田
忠男 佐々木
俊文 仁張
真二 折口
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Nippon Crucible Co Ltd
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本発明は、通電加熱装置に関し、より詳しくは、アルミニウムなどの金属やセラミック等の材料を溶解し、保持することができる通電加熱装置に関する。   The present invention relates to an electric heating apparatus, and more particularly to an electric heating apparatus that can melt and hold a metal such as aluminum or a material such as ceramic.

鋳造する金属材料を溶解・保持する装置として、バーナーを用いる燃焼加熱装置が知られている。ところが、燃焼加熱装置は、排ガスや騒音などにより作業環境の悪化を招くおそれがあり、また、溶湯を直接加熱すると、ガスの巻き込みや酸化などにより金属材料が汚染されるおそれがある。更に、局所的な加熱になり易いため、材料温度の均一化が難しいという問題がある。従来の加熱方式としては、上述した燃焼式以外に、電気ヒータを用いた間接加熱式や、誘導加熱式なども知られているが、前者は熱効率に問題があり、後者は撹拌現象によるガス巻き込みなどの問題がある。   A combustion heating device using a burner is known as a device for melting and holding a metal material to be cast. However, the combustion heating apparatus may cause deterioration of the working environment due to exhaust gas, noise, and the like, and when the molten metal is directly heated, the metal material may be contaminated by gas entrainment or oxidation. Furthermore, there is a problem that it is difficult to make the material temperature uniform because local heating is likely to occur. As a conventional heating method, in addition to the combustion method described above, an indirect heating method using an electric heater, an induction heating method, and the like are also known. There are problems such as.

このため、金属材料を保持する容器に通電することにより、容器内の材料を加熱する通電加熱装置が知られている（例えば、特許文献１）。特許文献１に開示された通電加熱装置は、図５に示すように、上部電極１０１と下部電極１０２との間に黒鉛るつぼ１０３が挟持されて構成されている。この通電加熱装置によれば、上部電極１０１と下部電極１０２との間に電圧を印加することにより黒鉛るつぼ１０３に電流が流れ、黒鉛るつぼ１０３の全体が加熱されるので、収容した材料を均一に加熱することができる。
特開平７−１６７８４７号公報 For this reason, there is known an energization heating device that heats the material in the container by energizing the container holding the metal material (for example, Patent Document 1). As shown in FIG. 5, the electric heating apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 is configured such that a graphite crucible 103 is sandwiched between an upper electrode 101 and a lower electrode 102. According to this energization heating apparatus, a current flows through the graphite crucible 103 by applying a voltage between the upper electrode 101 and the lower electrode 102, and the entire graphite crucible 103 is heated. Can be heated.
JP-A-7-167847

しかしながら、上述したような通電加熱装置においては、電極と黒鉛ルツボとの間に接触抵抗が存在し、この接触抵抗により電極と黒鉛ルツボとの間で局部発熱が発生するという問題があった。このような問題が発生することにより、電極と黒鉛ルツボとの接触部における損耗が生じ、通電加熱装置の寿命が短縮されることとなる。   However, in the electric heating apparatus as described above, there is a problem that contact resistance exists between the electrode and the graphite crucible, and local heat is generated between the electrode and the graphite crucible due to this contact resistance. When such a problem occurs, wear at the contact portion between the electrode and the graphite crucible occurs, and the life of the energization heating device is shortened.

本発明は、このような問題を解決するためになされたものであって、耐久性を高めて長寿命化を図ることができる通電加熱装置を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide an energization heating device capable of improving durability and extending the life.

本発明の上記目的は、導電性を有する容器、前記容器の上部に接続される上部電極、及び、前記容器の下部に接続される下部電極を備え、前記上部電極及び前記下部電極間に電圧を印加して前記容器に通電することにより、前記容器に収容された材料を加熱する通電加熱装置であって、前記容器と下部電極との間に、通電により発熱した容器の熱によって溶解可能な導電性の金属部材が配置されている通電加熱装置により達成される。   The object of the present invention includes a conductive container, an upper electrode connected to the upper part of the container, and a lower electrode connected to the lower part of the container, and a voltage is applied between the upper electrode and the lower electrode. An energization heating device that heats the material contained in the container by applying and energizing the container, and is a conductive material that can be dissolved between the container and the lower electrode by the heat of the container that generates heat by energization. This is achieved by an energization heating device in which a conductive metal member is disposed.

また、この通電加熱装置において、前記容器と上部電極との間に、前記金属部材が更に配置されていることが好ましい。   In this energization heating apparatus, it is preferable that the metal member is further disposed between the container and the upper electrode.

また、前記下部電極は、前記容器の底面を支持する容器状に形成されており、容器状の前記下部電極に前記金属部材が収容されていることが好ましい。   Moreover, it is preferable that the said lower electrode is formed in the container shape which supports the bottom face of the said container, and the said metal member is accommodated in the said container-shaped lower electrode.

また、前記容器は、上方に向けて開口する凹部を上部開口端に備えており、前記上部電極は、前記凹部に挿入可能な凸部を備えており、前記凹部に前記金属部材が収容されていることが好ましい。   Further, the container includes a concave portion that opens upward at an upper opening end, the upper electrode includes a convex portion that can be inserted into the concave portion, and the metal member is accommodated in the concave portion. Preferably it is.

また、前記金属部材の形態は、複数の金属粒の集合であることが好ましい。   Moreover, it is preferable that the form of the metal member is a set of a plurality of metal particles.

また、前記金属部材は、錫、亜鉛及び鉛のうち、少なくとも１つを含む金属材料から形成されていることが好ましい。   Moreover, it is preferable that the said metal member is formed from the metal material containing at least 1 among tin, zinc, and lead.

本発明によれば、耐久性を高めて長寿命化を図ることができる通電加熱装置を提供することができる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the electrical heating apparatus which can improve durability and can lengthen a lifetime can be provided.

以下、本発明に係る通電加熱装置について添付図面を参照して説明する。図１は、本発明の一実施形態に係る通電加熱装置１の概略断面図であり、図２は、図１に示す通電加熱装置１の平面図である。また、図３は、図１に示す通電加熱装置１の要部拡大図である。図１及び図２に示すように、通電加熱装置１は、筐体状のケーシング２と、当該ケーシング２の内部に配置される容器３と、容器３の上部に接続される上部電極４と、容器３の下部に接続される下部電極５とを備えている。   Hereinafter, the electric heating apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electric heating device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan view of the electric heating device 1 shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a main part of the electric heating device 1 shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the energization heating device 1 includes a casing-like casing 2, a container 3 disposed inside the casing 2, an upper electrode 4 connected to the upper part of the container 3, And a lower electrode 5 connected to the lower portion of the container 3.

ケーシング２は、外殻鉄皮２１と、その内側に設けられるセラミックプレートなどの断熱材層２２と、この断熱材層２２の内側に設けられる耐火煉瓦などの耐火材層２３とを備えている。   The casing 2 includes an outer shell iron skin 21, a heat insulating material layer 22 such as a ceramic plate provided on the inner side thereof, and a refractory material layer 23 such as a refractory brick provided on the inner side of the heat insulating material layer 22.

容器３は、アルミニウム等の非鉄金属を収容する容体である。この容器３は、上部に開口を有し、通電すると発熱する導電性材料により形成されており、るつぼ状に形成されている。容器３を形成する導電性材料としては、例えば、カーボンや、黒鉛、炭化珪素等を含む耐火物などを使用でき、電気比抵抗値が、例えば、５×１０−３Ω・ｃｍから１００×１０−３Ω・ｃｍとなるように設定している。また、容器３の厚みは、容器３の大きさによって変わってくるが、２０ｍｍ〜７０ｍｍ程度となるように容器３を形成している。 The container 3 is a container that contains a non-ferrous metal such as aluminum. The container 3 has an opening at the top, is formed of a conductive material that generates heat when energized, and is formed in a crucible shape. As the conductive material forming the container 3, for example, a refractory containing carbon, graphite, silicon carbide, or the like can be used, and the electrical specific resistance value is, for example, 5 × 10 −3 Ω · cm to 100 × 10 6. -3 Ω · cm. Moreover, although the thickness of the container 3 changes with the magnitude | sizes of the container 3, the container 3 is formed so that it may become about 20 mm-70 mm.

この容器３は、例えば、次のようにして製造することができる。まず、黒鉛などの低電気抵抗素材とアルミナなどの高電気抵抗（絶縁）素材とを、所望の電気比抵抗になるように割合を調整した後、液状のピッチタールやレジン等で混練し、坏土を作る。次に、坏土を金型内に充填し、プレス成型を行った後、これを焼成して必要な強度を付与する。そして、必要に応じて旋盤などで加工し、所定の形状とすることで、容器３が得られる。   This container 3 can be manufactured as follows, for example. First, the ratio of a low electrical resistance material such as graphite and a high electrical resistance (insulation) material such as alumina is adjusted so as to achieve a desired electrical specific resistance, and then kneaded with liquid pitch tar or resin. Make soil. Next, the clay is filled in the mold, press-molded, and then fired to give the necessary strength. And the container 3 is obtained by processing with a lathe etc. as needed and making it into a predetermined shape.

上部電極４は、容器３の上部開口端３１の全周に接触するリング状の電極であり、ケーシング２の側面から外方に突出する導電板６ａに接続している。この上部電極４は、鉄、銅、ステンレス等の金属材料や、黒鉛−ＳｉＣ質等の導電性セラミックス材等により形成されている。   The upper electrode 4 is a ring-shaped electrode that contacts the entire circumference of the upper opening end 31 of the container 3, and is connected to a conductive plate 6 a that protrudes outward from the side surface of the casing 2. The upper electrode 4 is made of a metal material such as iron, copper, or stainless steel, or a conductive ceramic material such as graphite-SiC.

下部電極５は、容器３とケーシング２の底面２ａとの間に配置されており、ケーシング２の側面から外方に突出する導電板６ｂに接続している。この下部電極５も上部電極４と同様に、鉄、銅、ステンレス等の金属材料や、黒鉛−ＳｉＣ質等の導電性セラミックス材鉄により形成されている。下部電極５は、図３に示すように、容器３の底面３ａを支持する容器状に形成されている。容器状の下部電極５には、例えば、錫、亜鉛、鉛等の低融点の金属材料、あるいは、錫、亜鉛、鉛等を含む低融点の合金から形成される導電性の金属部材７が収容されている。この金属部材７は、後述のように、上部電極４及び下部電極５の間に電圧を印加し、容器３を通電加熱した場合の容器３の熱によって溶解する部材である。本実施形態においては、金属部材７は、最大径が０．０６ｍｍ〜０．６ｍｍ程度の金属粒の集合体として構成されている。なお、金属部材７の融点は、２００℃〜５００℃の範囲であることが好ましい。   The lower electrode 5 is disposed between the container 3 and the bottom surface 2 a of the casing 2, and is connected to a conductive plate 6 b that protrudes outward from the side surface of the casing 2. The lower electrode 5 is also formed of a metal material such as iron, copper, and stainless steel, or a conductive ceramic material iron such as graphite-SiC, like the upper electrode 4. As shown in FIG. 3, the lower electrode 5 is formed in a container shape that supports the bottom surface 3 a of the container 3. The container-like lower electrode 5 accommodates a conductive metal member 7 formed of, for example, a low-melting-point metal material such as tin, zinc, or lead, or a low-melting-point alloy containing tin, zinc, lead, or the like. Has been. As will be described later, the metal member 7 is a member that is melted by the heat of the container 3 when a voltage is applied between the upper electrode 4 and the lower electrode 5 and the container 3 is energized and heated. In the present embodiment, the metal member 7 is configured as an aggregate of metal particles having a maximum diameter of about 0.06 mm to 0.6 mm. The melting point of the metal member 7 is preferably in the range of 200 ° C to 500 ° C.

以上の構成を備えた通電加熱装置１によれば、容器３にアルミニウムなどの材料を収容し、導電板６ａ及び６ｂをサイリスタ整流器などの電源（図示せず）に接続する。そして、上部電極４と下部電極５との間に電圧を印加することにより、容器３に通電する。これにより、収容された材料が加熱されて溶融し、この状態が保持される。   According to the electric heating apparatus 1 having the above configuration, a material such as aluminum is accommodated in the container 3, and the conductive plates 6a and 6b are connected to a power source (not shown) such as a thyristor rectifier. The container 3 is energized by applying a voltage between the upper electrode 4 and the lower electrode 5. Thereby, the accommodated material is heated and melted, and this state is maintained.

本実施形態においては、容器３と下部電極５との間に低融点の亜鉛や錫等の導電性材料から形成される金属部材７が収容されているため、上部電極４と下部電極５との間に電圧を印加し、容器３を通電加熱した場合の容器３の熱により、金属部材７が加熱されて溶解することになる。溶解し液状になった金属部材７は、容器３の底面部における外表面及び容器状の下部電極５の内面と均一に接触することになるので、金属部材７を介して下部電極５と容器３との間の密着性が高まり、接触抵抗を極めて小さくすることが可能となる。この結果、下部電極５と容器３との間における局部発熱の発生を防止することができるので、下部電極５と容器３との接触における損耗の発生を防止して耐久性を高め、通電加熱装置１の長寿命化を図ることが可能になる。   In the present embodiment, since the metal member 7 formed of a conductive material such as zinc or tin having a low melting point is accommodated between the container 3 and the lower electrode 5, the upper electrode 4 and the lower electrode 5 The metal member 7 is heated and melted by the heat of the container 3 when a voltage is applied between them and the container 3 is energized and heated. Since the metal member 7 that has been dissolved and turned into liquid is in uniform contact with the outer surface of the bottom surface of the container 3 and the inner surface of the container-like lower electrode 5, the lower electrode 5 and the container 3 are interposed via the metal member 7. It becomes possible to make contact resistance extremely small. As a result, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of local heat generation between the lower electrode 5 and the container 3, thereby preventing the occurrence of wear in the contact between the lower electrode 5 and the container 3 and improving the durability. 1 can be extended in service life.

また、下部電極５が、容器３の底面３ａを支持する容器状に形成されており、この内部に金属部材７を収容するように構成しているため、通電加熱された容器３の熱により液状に溶解した金属部材７が流出することを確実に防止して、金属部材７を介した下部電極５と容器３との間の密着性の確保を確実なものとすることができる。   Further, since the lower electrode 5 is formed in a container shape that supports the bottom surface 3a of the container 3 and is configured so as to accommodate the metal member 7 therein, it is liquid by the heat of the container 3 that is energized and heated. It is possible to reliably prevent the metal member 7 dissolved in the metal from flowing out, and to ensure the adhesion between the lower electrode 5 and the container 3 via the metal member 7.

また、容器状の下部電極５に収容される金属部材７を複数の金属粒から形成しているので、上部電極４と下部電極５との間に電圧を印加した場合に発生する容器３の熱により、金属部材７を迅速に溶解させることができる。この結果、溶解した金属部材７が、容器３の底面部における外表面及び容器状の下部電極５の内面と均一に接触する状態を早期に得ることができる。更に、金属部材７を複数の金属粒から形成した場合、容器状の下部電極５内に載置された容器３の底部の周囲に低融点の導電性金属材料を均一に配置することができるので、通電加熱時の容器３の熱により、容器３の底部全周に亘って均一な状態で金属部材７の溶解を進行させることができ、容器３と金属部材７との間で局所的な発熱が発生することを抑制することが可能となる。   In addition, since the metal member 7 accommodated in the container-like lower electrode 5 is formed of a plurality of metal particles, the heat of the container 3 generated when a voltage is applied between the upper electrode 4 and the lower electrode 5. Thus, the metal member 7 can be rapidly dissolved. As a result, it is possible to obtain an early state in which the molten metal member 7 is in uniform contact with the outer surface of the bottom surface of the container 3 and the inner surface of the container-like lower electrode 5. Furthermore, when the metal member 7 is formed from a plurality of metal particles, a low melting point conductive metal material can be uniformly disposed around the bottom of the container 3 placed in the container-like lower electrode 5. The melting of the metal member 7 can proceed in a uniform state over the entire circumference of the bottom of the container 3 due to the heat of the container 3 during energization heating, and local heat generation between the container 3 and the metal member 7 Can be prevented from occurring.

以上、本発明に係る通電加熱装置１の一実施形態について説明したが、本発明の具体的な構成は上記実施形態に限定されない。例えば、図４に示すように、容器３が、その上部開口端３１に、上方に向けて開口する凹部３２を備えるように構成すると共に、上部電極４が、容器３の上部開口端３１に形成された凹部３２に挿入可能な凸部４１を備えるように構成し、凹部３２内に通電加熱された容器３の熱により溶解可能な導電性の金属部材７を収容させるようにしてもよい。このような構成を採用した場合、上部電極４においても、下部電極５において得られたのと同様の効果を得ることができ、上部電極４と容器３との間で発生する局部発熱を防止して、耐久性を向上させることができる。   As mentioned above, although one Embodiment of the electric heating apparatus 1 which concerns on this invention was described, the specific structure of this invention is not limited to the said embodiment. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the container 3 is configured to include a concave portion 32 that opens upward at the upper opening end 31 thereof, and the upper electrode 4 is formed at the upper opening end 31 of the container 3. The concave portion 32 may be provided with a convex portion 41 that can be inserted, and the conductive metal member 7 that can be dissolved by the heat of the container 3 that is energized and heated may be accommodated in the concave portion 32. When such a configuration is adopted, the same effect as that obtained in the lower electrode 5 can be obtained also in the upper electrode 4, and local heat generated between the upper electrode 4 and the container 3 can be prevented. Thus, durability can be improved.

また、上記実施形態においては、金属部材７を複数の金属粒の集合体として構成しているが、単一の或いは複数のブロック状の金属材料により金属部材７を形成してもよい。ブロック状に金属部材７を形成する場合、金属部材７を容器状の下部電極５の内部底面と容器３の底面３ａとの間に介在させるように配置することが好ましい。   Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the metal member 7 is comprised as an aggregate | assembly of a some metal particle, you may form the metal member 7 with a single or several block-shaped metal material. When the metal member 7 is formed in a block shape, the metal member 7 is preferably arranged so as to be interposed between the inner bottom surface of the container-like lower electrode 5 and the bottom surface 3 a of the container 3.

本発明の一実施形態に係る通電加熱装置の概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing of the electric heating apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 図１に示す通電加熱装置の平面図である。It is a top view of the electric heating apparatus shown in FIG. 図１に示す通電加熱装置の要部拡大図である。It is a principal part enlarged view of the electric heating apparatus shown in FIG. 図１に示す通電加熱装置の変形例を示す要部拡大断面図である。It is a principal part expanded sectional view which shows the modification of the electric heating apparatus shown in FIG. 従来の通電加熱装置を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the conventional electricity heating apparatus.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 通電加熱装置
２ ケーシング
３ 容器
３１ 容器の上部開口端
４ 上部電極
５ 下部電極
７ 金属部材 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Electric heating apparatus 2 Casing 3 Container 31 Upper opening end 4 of container Upper electrode 5 Lower electrode 7 Metal member

Claims (4)

導電性を有する容器、前記容器の上部に接続される上部電極、及び、前記容器の下部に接続される下部電極を備え、前記上部電極及び前記下部電極間に電圧を印加して前記容器に通電することにより、前記容器に収容された材料を加熱する通電加熱装置であって、
前記容器と下部電極との間に、通電により発熱した容器の熱によって溶解可能な導電性の金属部材が配置されており、
前記容器は、上方に向けて開口する凹部を上部開口端に備えており、
前記上部電極は、前記凹部に挿入可能な凸部を備えており、
前記凹部に前記金属部材が収容されている通電加熱装置。 A conductive container, an upper electrode connected to the upper part of the container, and a lower electrode connected to the lower part of the container, and a voltage is applied between the upper electrode and the lower electrode to energize the container An electric heating device for heating the material contained in the container,
Between the container and the lower electrode, a conductive metal member that can be dissolved by the heat of the container that generates heat by energization is disposed ,
The container includes a concave portion that opens upward, at an upper opening end,
The upper electrode includes a convex portion that can be inserted into the concave portion,
An energization heating apparatus in which the metal member is accommodated in the recess . 前記下部電極は、前記容器の底面を支持する容器状に形成されており、
容器状の前記下部電極に前記金属部材が収容されている請求項１に記載の通電加熱装置。 The lower electrode is formed in a container shape that supports the bottom surface of the container,
The energization heating apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the metal member is accommodated in the container-like lower electrode. 前記金属部材の形態は、複数の金属粒の集合である請求項１又は２に記載の通電加熱装置。 The energization heating apparatus according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the metal member has a form of a plurality of metal particles. 前記金属部材は、錫、亜鉛及び鉛のうち、少なくとも１つを含む金属材料から形成されている請求項１〜３のいずれかに記載の通電加熱装置。 The electric heating device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the metal member is formed of a metal material containing at least one of tin, zinc, and lead.
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