JP5472942B2 - X-ray computed tomography apparatus, scan plan support apparatus, and program - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an X-ray computed tomography apparatus having a scan plan support function, a scan plan support apparatus, and a program.

  On the scan plan setting screen in the conventional X-ray computed tomography apparatus, each element constituting the scan plan is displayed in a table format mainly including text. Further, in the conventional X-ray computed tomography apparatus, the range that can be imaged at once in the Z direction (body axis direction) is as narrow as about 40 mm, and time series imaging, so-called dynamic scanning, has hardly been performed.

  However, in recent X-ray computed tomography apparatuses, it has become common to perform scanning under various conditions at once due to the increase in the number of detectors and the reduction in imaging time. In particular, in multi-slice CT using, for example, a surface detector having a width of 256 rows or more in the slice direction, the scan mode options are greatly expanded and the speed is significantly increased. It has become useful to plan more scans as a sequence, such as helical scans.

  Therefore, in the “scan plan displayed in tabular format”, the scan conditions such as scan time and tube current are good in both operability and visibility, but the scan sequence such as the scan order and its interval etc. Sometimes it is difficult to understand the whole intuitively and clearly.

  An object of the present invention is to improve the visibility and operability of a scan plan in an X-ray computed tomography apparatus.

In the first aspect of the present invention, an X-ray computed tomography apparatus includes an X-ray tube that generates X-rays, an X-ray detector that detects X-rays transmitted through a subject, and an output of the X-ray detector. A time for expressing a scan sequence in which a reconstruction processing unit that reconstructs an image based on a plurality of scan elements respectively corresponding to a plurality of scan modes, at least one of which is different, is ordered as a time change of a tube current or a dose index A scan plan unit that generates data of a scan plan screen including a chart, and a display unit that displays the scan plan screen based on the data of the scan plan screen are provided.

In a second aspect of the present invention, a scan plan support apparatus for supporting the planning of a scan plan for X-ray computed tomography has a plurality of scan elements respectively corresponding to a plurality of different scan modes. A scan planning unit that generates data of a scan plan screen including a time chart that expresses a scan sequence as a time change of a tube current or a dose index, and displays the scan plan screen based on the data of the scan plan screen And a display portion.

In the third aspect of the present invention, a program configured to support the planning of a scan for line computed tomography includes a plurality of scan elements each corresponding to a plurality of different scan modes. Means for inputting scan sequence data, means for generating scan plan screen data including a time chart expressing the scan sequence as a time change of a tube current or a dose index based on the data, and the scan plan Means for displaying the scan plan screen based on the screen data is realized in a computer.

The figure which shows the structure of the X-ray computed tomography apparatus by embodiment of this invention. The figure which shows an example of the scan plan screen containing the scan sequence of the table format produced | generated by the scan plan execution process part of FIG. The figure which shows an example of the scan plan screen containing the scan sequence of the time chart format generated by the scan plan execution process part of FIG. The figure which shows the window for the scanning condition detailed setting popped up by performing predetermined operation on the time chart of FIG. The figure which shows the time chart which added the scanning element in this embodiment. The figure which shows the line marker which moves with time progress after the scan start superimposed on the time chart in this embodiment.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In order to reconstruct one slice of tomographic image data with an X-ray computed tomography apparatus, projection data for about 360 ° around the subject is projected for 180 ° + view angle even in the half scan method. Data is needed. The present invention can be applied to any reconstruction method. Here, the half scan method will be described as an example. In addition, the mechanism for converting incident X-rays into electric charges is based on an indirect conversion type in which X-rays are converted into light by a phosphor such as a scintillator and the light is further converted into electric charges by a photoelectric conversion element such as a photodiode. The generation of electron-hole pairs in semiconductors and their transfer to the electrode, that is, the direct conversion type utilizing a photoconductive phenomenon, is the mainstream. Any of these methods may be employed as the X-ray detection element, but here, the former indirect conversion type will be described. Furthermore, the number of detectors has increased, and recently, detectors with 40 columns (40 segments) and more are in practical use. The present invention can be applied to an X-ray computed tomography apparatus including a multi-slice detector as well as a conventional single-slice detector. Here, an X-ray computed tomography apparatus provided with a single slice type detector will be described as an example.

  FIG. 1 shows the configuration of an X-ray computed tomography apparatus according to this embodiment. The gantry 100 includes an X-ray tube 101 and a so-called multi-row type (also referred to as a two-dimensional array type) X-ray detector 103 such as 64 rows or 256 rows. The X-ray tube 101 and the X-ray detector 103 are mounted on an annular frame 102 that is rotatably supported around the rotation axis RA. The X-ray detector 103 faces the X-ray tube 101. The frame 102 is rotated at a high speed of, for example, 0.4 seconds / rotation by driving the rotating unit 107. A tube voltage is applied to the X-ray tube 101 from the high voltage generator 109 via the slip ring 108, and a filament current is supplied. Thereby, X-rays are generated from the X-ray tube 101. The X-ray detector 103 detects X-rays that have passed through the subject.

  A data acquisition circuit 104 generally called a DAS (data acquisition system) converts a signal output from the X-ray detector 103 for each channel into a voltage signal, amplifies it, and further converts it into a digital signal. This data (raw data) is sent to the pre-processing device 106 accommodated in the console outside the gantry 100 via the non-contact data transmission device 105, where it undergoes correction processing such as sensitivity correction, and the reconstruction processing. It is stored in the storage device 112 as so-called projection data at the immediately preceding stage.

  The storage device 112 is connected to the system controller 110 via the data / control bus together with the reconstruction device 114, the display device 116, the input device 115, and the scan plan support device 200. The scan plan support apparatus 200 has a function for assisting an imaging engineer in drafting a scan plan. For this purpose, a scan plan execution processing unit 201 responsible for operation control of the entire scan plan process and various arithmetic processes is provided. A scan plan storage unit 207 for storing scan plan draft data, planned scan plan data, and the like, a scan plan screen generation processing unit 203 for generating scan plan screen data described later, and a scan sequence described later A time chart generation processing unit 205 that generates a time chart is provided.

  Here, a scanning operation unit controlled under a single scanning condition is referred to as a scanning element. One inspection is composed of a plurality of scanning elements. A plurality of scan elements constituting one inspection are ordered. A plurality of scanning conditions respectively correspond to a plurality of scanning elements, but the plurality of scanning conditions are not necessarily different from each other, and the same scanning conditions may be included.

  As scan conditions, a scan mode for distinguishing the type of scan, tube voltage, tube current, imaging field diameter (S-FOV), reconstruction field diameter (D-FOV), imaging slice thickness, reconstruction slice thickness, Emergency such as helical pitch, number of slices, start time indicating elapsed time from scan start time, waiting time indicating time interval between adjacent scan elements, pause time indicating interval of X-ray generation in scan element in S & S, etc. Many setting items are included. The scan mode typically includes scanography, dynamic scan, S & S scan, and helical scan.

  Such optimization of scanning conditions is a difficult task that requires a wide and high level of specialized knowledge. A specialized system developed to support the setting is a so-called scanning expert system. One of the main functions is to provide one or more scan sequence proposals corresponding to the input of the examination purpose and examination site in addition to the sex, age, and physique of the specimen. The scan plan support apparatus 200 of this embodiment corresponds to this scan expert system. One of the characteristic and important functions of the scan plan support apparatus 200 is to construct a new screen for a scan plan setting operation.

As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of scan elements # 1 to # 5 are arranged in a table format (table format) on the scan plan screen generated by the scan plan screen generation processing unit 203 of the scan plan support apparatus 200. The main category of the table includes
Scan element number,
・ Start type (Start; Manual (P) / Auto (A)),
-Start time corresponding to the elapsed time of each scan element since the scan start trigger operation was performed,
-Waiting time (Wait) as an interval from the end of the previous scan element to the start of the scan element,
・ Scan start position of each scan element (Start Pos.),
-Scan end position (End Pos.) Of each scan element,
-Scan mode to distinguish the type of scan (Scan Mode),
The number of scans in the scan element (# of scans; in scano mode, dynamic mode and helical mode, it is denoted as 1, C1, which means that X-rays are generated continuously during the scan element period, In the S & S mode, it is expressed as I5 or the like, and the I5 indicates that X-ray pulses are generated five times at a fixed interval (rest time)).
・ Tube voltage (kV),
・ Tube current (mA),
-Diameter of reconstructed field of view (D-FOV),
・ Scanning time required for one rotation of the X-ray tube (Rotation Time)
-Total scan time (scan mode, dynamic mode and helical mode are simply given by the time width for generating X-rays. In S & S mode, the rotation time is multiplied by the number of scans, and the rest time is set. (Given as total time plus time multiplied by number of pauses)
・ Thickness
Etc., and they are expressed numerically or symbolically. As described above, in the present situation where the number of scan elements constituting a scan sequence is increasing, if the scan elements are represented in a table format as shown in FIG. 2, the temporal flow of the entire scan sequence is intuitively understood. There was a problem that it was difficult.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the time chart generation processing unit 205 of the scan plan support apparatus 200 scans a plurality of scan elements that are scan-controlled under a plurality of scan conditions. A time chart expressing the sequence as a time change of the tube current or the dose index is generated, and data of a scan plan screen including the time chart is generated.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the scan plan screen is provided with a scan sequence area 300 along with basic information such as patient information, udity information, X-ray tube calorific limit, and scanogram. In the scan sequence area 300, a plurality of scan elements # 1 to # 5 constituting the scan sequence are selectively arranged in a table format and a time chart format according to the operation of the display format switching button 301.

  In the time chart, the horizontal axis is time, and the vertical axis is tube current (mA). The tube current (mA) can be replaced with another index indicating the dose. Examples of the other index include mAs (an index indicating the total tube current value of the scan time, the tube current set in the inspection plan and the actual exposure). Calculation time), CTDIw (Computed Tomography Dose Index Weighted; exposure dose per unit slice thickness), DLP (Dose Length Product; total exposure dose).

  Scan elements # 1 to # 5 are represented by graphics G # 1 to G # 5, respectively, on the time chart. In the graphics G # 1 to G # 5, the respective scan modes are written together in the form of characters. Each of the graphics G # 1 to G # 5 has frame lines (frames) f1 to f5 each having a width from the start time to the time when the total scan time elapses and a height corresponding to the value of each tube current. Have. The frames f1 and f2 corresponding to the scan mode, the dynamic mode, or the helical mode are filled in the display mode corresponding to the respective scan modes. For example, the display color and hatching are properly used according to the scan mode. In the S & S mode, a number of posts P corresponding to the number of scans are arranged in the frames f3, f4, and f5, respectively. The post P has a width corresponding to the scan time, and is filled with a display mode corresponding to each scan mode. The posts P are arranged at intervals according to the pause time.

  By moving the pointer to the frames f1 to f5 of the figures G # 1 to G # 5 with a pointing device such as a mouse and moving the operation, the scan start time is changed and the order of the scan elements is changed. be able to. A tool button TB1 for extending or shortening the scan time is also written on each of the left and right sides of the frames f1 to f5 of the graphics G # 1 to G # 5. The scanning time of the scanning element can be extended or shortened by setting the pointer to the tool button TB1 with a pointing device such as a mouse and moving the pointer left and right while dragging. Tool buttons TB2 for adjusting the level of the tube current are also shown above the frames f1 to f5 of the graphics G # 1 to G # 5. The tube current of the scan element can be adjusted by adjusting the pointer to the tool button TB2 with a pointing device such as a mouse and moving it up and down while dragging. In the S & S mode, the pause time can be adjusted by adjusting the pointer to the post P in the frames f3, f4, and f5 with a pointing device such as a mouse and moving left and right while dragging.

  Further, by performing a specific operation such as a right mouse button operation at an arbitrary position within the frames f1 to f5 of the graphics G # 1 to G # 5, a detailed setting window as shown in FIG. 4 is popped up. This detailed setting window has input boxes for items such as tube voltage (kV), tube current (mA), scan time (rotation time), reconstruction field diameter (D-FOV), effective mAs, and total scan time. Each item can be entered numerically.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, command buttons for copy (copy), add (New Scan), and delete (Delete) are provided for each scan element at the bottom of the scan sequence area of the screen. . By operating these command buttons, for example, a scan element in the helical scan mode can be added as shown in FIG.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the entire single examination (scan sequence) is visually expressed as a time chart as a graphic, so that the operator can easily understand the scan sequence intuitively, The visibility of the scan plan can be improved. In addition, by operating the figure on the time chart, you can individually change the scan conditions of the scan elements, change the order of the scan elements, etc., and also copy, add, and delete scan elements, Improved operability can be expected.

  Even after the scan trigger is pressed and scanning is actually started, a time chart is displayed as illustrated in FIG. 6, and a scan plan is displayed on the time chart according to a scan control signal from the system controller 110. A line marker corresponding to the current time is superimposed by the screen generation processing unit 203. Since this line marker moves on the time chart as time passes, the imaging technician can intuitively understand the progress of the scan, the scan conditions for the next scan, and the like at a glance.

  Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment as it is, and can be embodied by modifying the constituent elements without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage. In addition, various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of components disclosed in the embodiment. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment. Furthermore, constituent elements over different embodiments may be appropriately combined.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 ... Gantry, 101 ... X-ray tube, 102 ... Rotating frame, 103 ... 64 row X-ray detector, 104 ... Data acquisition circuit, 105 ... Non-contact data transmission apparatus, 106 ... Pre-processing apparatus, 107 ... Rotating part, 108 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS ... Slip ring, 109 ... High voltage generator, 110 ... System controller, 112 ... Memory | storage device, 114 ... Reconstruction apparatus, 115 ... Input device, 116 ... Display apparatus, 200 ... Scan plan support apparatus, 201 ... Scan plan execution process Reference numeral 203: Scan plan screen generation processing unit 205: Time chart generation processing unit 207: Scan plan storage unit

Claims (12)

An X-ray tube that generates X-rays;
An X-ray detector for detecting X-rays transmitted through the subject;
A reconstruction processing unit for reconstructing an image based on the output of the X-ray detector;
A scan plan unit that generates data of a scan plan screen including a time chart that expresses a scan sequence in which a plurality of scan elements respectively corresponding to a plurality of scan modes different in at least one is ordered as a time change of a tube current or a dose index When,
The scan planning screen X-ray computed tomography apparatus characterized by comprising a display unit that displays the scan plan screen based on the data of the.   The X-ray computed tomography apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the scan planning unit changes a display mode of the scan element on the time chart according to a scan mode.   The X-ray computed tomography apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the scan planning unit changes a display color of the scan element on the time chart according to a scan mode.   The X-ray computed tomography apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the scan plan screen includes a command button for switching the display format of the scan sequence from the time chart to a table format.   The X-ray computed tomography apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the scan plan screen includes a command button for switching the display format of the scan sequence from the table format to the time chart.   2. The X-ray computed tomography apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a line marker that moves with the passage of time after the start of scanning is superimposed on the time chart. The scan mode is for distinguishing scans, and is any one of scan mode, dynamic scan, S & S scan, helical scan,
The X-ray computed tomography apparatus according to claim 1. The dose index is an index indicating a total tube current value of a scan time, an exposure dose per unit slice thickness, or an index of any one of the total exposure dose,
The X-ray computed tomography apparatus according to claim 1. In a scan plan support apparatus for supporting the planning of a scan plan for X-ray computed tomography,
A scan plan unit that generates data of a scan plan screen including a time chart that expresses a scan sequence in which a plurality of scan elements respectively corresponding to a plurality of scan modes different in at least one is ordered as a time change of a tube current or a dose index When,
Scan plan support apparatus characterized by comprising a display unit for displaying the scan planning screen on the basis of the data of the scan planning screen. In a program designed to support the development of scan plans for X-ray computed tomography,
Means for inputting scan sequence data in which a plurality of scan elements respectively corresponding to a plurality of scan modes different from each other are ordered;
Means for generating data of a scan plan screen including a time chart expressing the scan sequence as a time change of a tube current or a dose index based on the data;
A program for causing a computer to realize means for displaying the scan plan screen based on the data of the scan plan screen. An X-ray tube that generates X-rays;
An X-ray detector for detecting X-rays transmitted through the subject;
A reconstruction processing unit for reconstructing an image based on the output of the X-ray detector;
Corresponding to the same scan mode, the time chart for representing a plurality of scan elements respectively scan sequence interval occurs, which are different from the plurality of scan elements ordering each other of the X-ray as a time change of the tube current or dose indicator A scan plan section that generates data for a scan plan screen including
The scan planning screen X-ray computed tomography apparatus characterized by comprising a display unit that displays the scan plan screen based on the data of the. An X-ray tube that generates X-rays;
An X-ray detector for detecting X-rays transmitted through the subject;
A reconstruction processing unit for reconstructing an image based on the output of the X-ray detector;
A scan planning unit that generates data of a scan plan screen including a time chart expressing a scan sequence in which a plurality of scan elements constituting one examination are ordered as a time change of a tube current or a dose index;
The scan planning screen X-ray computed tomography apparatus characterized by comprising a display unit that displays the scan plan screen based on the data of the.

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