JP5461259B2 - 光硬化性樹脂組成物、ドライフィルム、硬化物及びプリント配線板 - Google Patents
光硬化性樹脂組成物、ドライフィルム、硬化物及びプリント配線板 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5461259B2 JP5461259B2 JP2010062928A JP2010062928A JP5461259B2 JP 5461259 B2 JP5461259 B2 JP 5461259B2 JP 2010062928 A JP2010062928 A JP 2010062928A JP 2010062928 A JP2010062928 A JP 2010062928A JP 5461259 B2 JP5461259 B2 JP 5461259B2
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- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007964 xanthones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002256 xylenyl group Chemical class C1(C(C=CC=C1)C)(C)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006839 xylylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明の一実施形態の光硬化性樹脂組成物は、カルボキシル基含有樹脂と、光重合開始剤と、アルナイト型化合物粒子とを含有することを特徴とするものである。
(1)後述するような2官能又はそれ以上の多官能(固形)エポキシ樹脂に(メタ)アクリル酸を反応させ、側鎖に存在する水酸基に無水フタル酸、テトラヒドロ無水フタル酸、ヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸などの2塩基酸無水物を付加させたカルボキシル基含有感光性樹脂。
(2)後述するような2官能(固形)エポキシ樹脂の水酸基を、さらにエピクロロヒドリンでエポキシ化した多官能エポキシ樹脂に、(メタ)アクリル酸を反応させ、生じた水酸基に2塩基酸無水物を付加させたカルボキシル基含有感光性樹脂。
(3)1分子中に2個以上のエポキシ基を有するエポキシ化合物に、1分子中に少なくとも1個のアルコール性水酸基と1個のフェノール性水酸基を有する化合物と、(メタ)アクリル酸などの不飽和基含有モノカルボン酸とを反応させ、得られた反応生成物のアルコール性水酸基に対して、無水マレイン酸、テトラヒドロ無水フタル酸、無水トリメリット酸、無水ピロメリット酸、アジピン酸などの多塩基酸無水物を反応させて得られるカルボキシル基含有感光性樹脂。
(4)ビスフェノールA、ビスフェノールF、ビスフェノールS、ノボラック型フェノール樹脂、ポリ−p−ヒドロキシスチレン、ナフトールとアルデヒド類の縮合物、ジヒドロキシナフタレンとアルデヒド類との縮合物などの1分子中に2個以上のフェノール性水酸基を有する化合物と、エチレンオキシド、プロピレンオキシドなどのアルキレンオキシドとを反応させて得られる反応生成物に、(メタ)アクリル酸などの不飽和基含有モノカルボン酸を反応させ、得られる反応生成物に多塩基酸無水物を反応させて得られるカルボキシル基含有感光性樹脂。
(5)1分子中に2個以上のフェノール性水酸基を有する化合物とエチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネートなどの環状カーボネート化合物とを反応させて得られる反応生成物に、不飽和基含有モノカルボン酸を反応させ、得られる反応生成物に多塩基酸無水物を反応させて得られるカルボキシル基含有感光性樹脂。
(6)脂肪族ジイソシアネート、分岐脂肪族ジイソシアネート、脂環式ジイソシアネート、芳香族ジイソシアネートなどのジイソシアネート化合物と、ポリカーボネート系ポリオール、ポリエーテル系ポリオール、ポリエステル系ポリオール、ポリオレフィン系ポリオール、アクリル系ポリオール、ビスフェノールA系アルキレンオキシド付加体ジオール、フェノール性ヒドロキシル基及びアルコール性ヒドロキシル基を有する化合物などのジオール化合物の重付加反応によるウレタン樹脂の末端に、酸無水物を反応させてなる末端カルボキシル基含有ウレタン樹脂。
(7)ジイソシアネートと、ジメチロールプロピオン酸、ジメチロール酪酸などのカルボキシル基含有ジアルコール化合物と、ジオール化合物との重付加反応によるカルボキシル基含有ウレタン樹脂の合成中に、ヒドロキシアルキル(メタ)アクリレートなどの分子中に1つの水酸基と1つ以上の(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する化合物を加え、末端(メタ)アクリル化したカルボキシル基含有ウレタン樹脂。
(8)ジイソシアネートと、カルボキシル基含有ジアルコール化合物と、ジオール化合物との重付加反応によるカルボキシル基含有ウレタン樹脂の合成中に、イソホロンジイソシアネートとペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレートの等モル反応物など、分子中に1つのイソシアネート基と1つ以上の(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する化合物を加え、末端(メタ)アクリル化したカルボキシル基含有ウレタン樹脂。
(9)(メタ)アクリル酸などの不飽和カルボン酸と、スチレン、α−メチルスチレン、低級アルキル(メタ)アクリレート、イソブチレンなどの不飽和基含有化合物との共重合により得られるカルボキシル基含有樹脂。
(10)後述するような多官能オキセタン樹脂に、アジピン酸、フタル酸、ヘキサヒドロフタル酸などのジカルボン酸を反応させ、生じた1級の水酸基に、2塩基酸無水物を付加させたカルボキシル基含有ポリエステル樹脂に、さらにグリシジル(メタ)アクリレート、α−メチルグリシジル(メタ)アクリレートなどの1分子中に1つのエポキシ基と1つ以上の(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する化合物を付加してなるカルボキシル基含有感光性樹脂。
(11)上述した(1)〜(10)のカルボキシル基含有樹脂に、1分子中に環状エーテル基と(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する化合物を付加させたカルボキシル基含有感光性樹脂。
このようなカルボキシル基含有樹脂の中でも、上述したように、エポキシ樹脂を出発原料として用いていないカルボキシル基含有樹脂を好適に用いることができる。従って、上述したカルボキシル基含有樹脂の具体例のうち、(4)〜(8)を特に好適に用いることができる。
Ma[Al1−xM’x]3(SO4 2−)y(OH)z・mH2O
(式中、MはNa+、K+、NF4+及びH3O+の少なくともいずれかの陽イオン、M’はCu2+、Zn2+、Ni2+、Sn4+、Zr4+及びTi4+の少なくともいずれかの陽イオンであり、0.8≦a≦1.35、0≦m≦5、0≦x≦0.4、1.7≦y≦2.5、4≦z≦7である)
で表される。
赤色着色剤としてはモノアゾ系、ジズアゾ系、アゾレーキ系、ベンズイミダゾロン系、ペリレン系、ジケトピロロピロール系、縮合アゾ系、アントラキノン系、キナクリドン系などが挙げられる。
青色着色剤としては、フタロシアニン系、アントラキノン系が挙げられる。その他、金属置換もしくは無置換のフタロシアニン化合物も使用することができる。
緑色着色剤としては、同様にフタロシアニン系、アントラキノン系、ペリレン系が挙げられる。その他、金属置換もしくは無置換のフタロシアニン化合物も使用することができる。
黄色着色剤としては、モノアゾ系、ジスアゾ系、縮合アゾ系、ベンズイミダゾロン系、イソインドリノン系、アントラキノン系などが挙げられる。
これらの着色剤の配合割合は、特に制限はないが、カルボキシル基含有樹脂100質量部に対して、0〜10質量部で充分である。より好ましくは0.1〜5質量部である。
その他、例えば、ポリエステル系エラストマー、ポリウレタン系エラストマー、ポリエステルウレタン系エラストマー、ポリアミド系エラストマー、ポリエステルアミド系エラストマー、アクリル系エラストマー、オレフィン系エラストマーを用いることができる。また、種々の骨格を有するエポキシ樹脂の一部又は全部のエポキシ基を両末端カルボン酸変性型ブタジエン−アクリロニトリルゴムで変性した樹脂なども使用できる。さらには、エポキシ含有ポリブタジエン系エラストマー、アクリル含有ポリブタジエン系エラストマー、水酸基含有ポリブタジエン系エラストマーなども使用することができる。これらのエラストマーは、単独で又は2種類以上の混合物として使用することができる。
本発明の光硬化性樹脂組成物は、紫外線吸収剤を含有することができる。一般に、高分子材料は光を吸収し、分解・劣化を起こすが、紫外線吸収剤を添加することにより、紫外線に対する安定化を図ることができる。
これらの連鎖移動剤は、単独又は2種以上を併用することができる。
先ず、有機溶剤で塗布方法に適した粘度に調整し、基材上に、ディップコート法、フローコート法、ロールコート法、バーコーター法、スクリーン印刷法、カーテンコート法などの方法により塗布する。そして、約60〜100℃の温度で、組成物中に含まれる有機溶剤を揮発乾燥(仮乾燥)させることにより、タックフリーの塗膜を形成する。
ドライフィルムは、キャリアフィルムと、光硬化性樹脂組成物を塗布・乾燥して得られる乾燥塗膜と、必要に応じて用いられる剥離可能なカバーフィルムとが、順次積層された構造を有するものである。
合成例1
温度計、窒素導入装置兼アルキレンオキシド導入装置及び撹拌装置を備えたオートクレーブに、ノボラック型クレゾール樹脂(昭和高分子(株)製、ショウノール(登録商標)CRG951、OH当量:119.4)119.4g、水酸化カリウム1.19g及びトルエン119.4gを仕込み、撹拌しつつ系内を窒素置換し、加熱昇温した。
温度計、撹拌機及び環流冷却器を備えた5リットルのセパラブルフラスコに、ポリマーポリオールとしてポリカプロラクトンジオール(ダイセル化学工業(株)製、PLACCEL(登録商標)208、分子量830)1,245g、カルボキシル基を有するジヒドロキシル化合物としてジメチロールプロピオン酸201g、ポリイソシアナートとしてイソホロンジイソシアナート777g及びヒドロキシル基を有する(メタ)アクリレートとして2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート119g、さらにp−メトキシフェノール及びジ−t−ブチル−ヒドロキシトルエンを各々0.5gずつ投入した。
攪拌機、温度計、還流冷却器、滴下ロート及び窒素導入管を備えた2リットルのセパラブルフラスコに、溶媒としてジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル900g、及び重合開始剤としてt−ブチルパーオキシ2−エチルヘキサノエート(日油(株)製、パーブチル(登録商標)O)21.4gを加えて90℃に加熱した。
ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート600gにオルソクレゾールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂(大日本インキ化学工業(株)製、EPICLON(登録商標) N−695、軟化点95℃、エポキシ当量214、平均官能基数7.6)1070g(グリシジル基数(芳香環総数):5.0モル)、アクリル酸360g(5.0モル)、及びハイドロキノン1.5gを仕込み、100℃に加熱攪拌し、均一溶解した。
クレゾールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂(日本化薬(株)製、EOCN(登録商標)−104S、軟化点92℃、エポキシ当量220)2200部、ジメチロールプロピオン酸134部、アクリル酸648.5部、メチルハイドロキノン4.6部、カルビトールアセテート1131部及びソルベントナフサ484.9部を仕込み、9 0℃に加熱し撹拌し、反応混合物を溶解した。
エポキシ当量800、軟化点79℃のビスフェノールF型固型エポキシ樹脂400部をエピクロルヒドリン925部とジメチルスルホキシド462.5部を溶解させた後、攪拌下70℃で、98.5%NaOH 81.2部を、100分かけて添加した。添加後、さらに70℃で3時間反応を行なった。
これら合成例の樹脂溶液を用い、表1に示す割合(質量部)にて配合し、攪拌機にて予備混合した後、3本ロールミルで混練し、光硬化性樹脂組成物を調製した。ここで、得られた光硬化性樹脂組成物の分散度を、エリクセン社製グラインドメータによる粒度測定にて評価したところ、15μm以下であった。
<最適露光量>
銅厚18μmの回路パターン基板を、銅表面粗化処理(メック(株)製メックエッチボンド(登録商標)CZ−8100)後、水洗し、乾燥した。そして、基板全面に、実施例1−11及び比較例1−3の光硬化性樹脂組成物を、乾燥膜厚が20μmになるようにスクリーン印刷法により塗布し、80℃の熱風循環式乾燥炉で60分間乾燥させた。
実施例1−11及び比較例1−3の光硬化性樹脂組成物を、パターン形成された銅箔基板上に、乾燥膜厚が20μmになるようにスクリーン印刷で全面塗布し、80℃で乾燥を行った。そして、20分から80分まで10分おきに基板を取り出し、それぞれ室温まで放冷した。
実施例及び比較例の光硬化性樹脂組成物を、パターン形成された銅箔基板上に、乾燥膜厚が20μmになるようにスクリーン印刷で全面塗布し、80℃で30分間乾燥し、室温まで放冷した。この基板に高圧水銀灯を搭載した露光装置を用いて、最適露光量でパターンを露光した後、30℃の1wt%炭酸ナトリウム水溶液により、スプレー圧0.2MPaの条件で、90秒間現像を行い、パターンを得た。
評価基板を、10vol%H2SO4水溶液に室温で30分間浸漬し、染み込みや塗膜の溶け出しを目視にて確認し、さらにテープピーリングによる剥がれを確認した。判定基準は以下のとおりである。
○:変化が認められないもの
△:ほんの僅か変化しているもの
×:塗膜に膨れあるいは膨潤脱落があるもの
評価基板を、10vol%NaOH水溶液に室温で30分間浸漬し、染み込みや塗膜の溶け出しを目視にて確認し、さらにテープピーリングによる剥がれを確認した。判定基準は以下のとおりである。
○:変化が認められないもの
△:ほんの僅か変化しているもの
×:塗膜に膨れあるいは膨潤脱落があるもの
評価基板にロジン系フラックスを塗布した後、予め260℃に設定したはんだ槽に浸漬した。そして、変性アルコールでフラックスを洗浄した後、目視によるレジスト層の膨れ・剥がれについて評価した。判定基準は以下のとおりである。
○:10秒間浸漬を3回以上繰り返しても剥がれが認められない。
△:10秒間浸漬を3回以上繰り返すと少し剥がれる。
×:10秒間浸漬を3回以内にレジスト層に膨れ、剥がれがある。
評価基板について、市販品の無電解ニッケルめっき浴及び無電解金めっき浴を用いて、ニッケル5μm、金0.05μmの条件でめっきを行った。メッキされた評価基板において、テープピーリングにより、レジスト層の剥がれの有無やめっきのしみ込みの有無を評価した後、テープピーリングによりレジスト層の剥がれの有無を評価した。判定基準は以下のとおりである。
○:めっき後にしみ込みが見られず、テープピーリング後に剥がれはない。
△:めっき後に白化が確認されるが、テープピーリング後の剥がれはない。
×:めっき後に僅かなしみ込みが確認され、テープピーリング後に剥がれも見られる。
耐無電解金めっき性の評価と同様に無電解金めっきを施した評価基板を、PCT装置(エスペック(株)製HAST SYSTEM TPC−412MD)を用いて、121℃、飽和、0.2MPaの条件で168時間処理し、塗膜の状態によりPCT耐性を評価した。判定基準は以下のとおりである。
○:膨れ、剥がれ、変色、溶出のないもの
△:若干の膨れ、剥がれ、変色、溶出があるもの
×:膨れ、剥がれ、変色、溶出が多く見られるもの
同様にして、基板上に□抜き、○抜きの硬化物パターンを形成して得られた冷熱衝撃耐性評価基板について、冷熱衝撃試験器(エタック(株)製)により、−55℃/30分〜150℃/30分を1サイクルとして、1000サイクルの耐性試験を行った。
試験後、処理後の硬化物パターンを目視により観察し、クラックの発生状況を評価した。判定基準は以下のとおりである。
○:クラック発生率30%未満
△:クラック発生率30〜50%
×:クラック発生率50%以上
クシ型電極(ライン/スペース=30ミクロン/30ミクロン)が形成されたBT基板上に、同様にして光硬化性樹脂組成物の硬化物パターンを形成し、HAST耐性評価基板を作成した。この評価基板を、130℃、湿度85%の雰囲気下の高温高湿槽に入れ、電圧12Vを荷電し、168時間、槽内HAST試験を行った。
○:108Ω以上
△:106〜108Ω
×:106Ω以下
約40μm厚の光硬化性樹脂組成物の硬化物を形成し、TMA(エスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー(株)社製 TMA/SS 6100)により、線膨張係数(CTE)を測定した。測定は硬化収縮などの影響を排除するため、1stRunでアニール処理を行い、2ndRunの測定にてCTEを算出した。また測定したCTEの値は、30℃〜80℃の平均値として決定した。
同様にして、基板上に、100μmの開口を有する光硬化性樹脂組成物の硬化物パターンを形成し、SEM(走査型電子顕微鏡)により観察し、その開口径を測長することにより解像性を評価した。評価基準は下記のように判断した。
○:開口径縮小率15%未満
×:開口径縮小率15%以上
表1に示す配合割合で調製した実施例1〜7、11及び比較例1〜3の各光硬化性樹脂組成物を、メチルエチルケトンにて希釈し、PETフィルム上に塗布した。これを80℃で30分乾燥し、厚さ20μmの乾燥塗膜を形成し、さらにその上にカバーフィルムを貼り合わせて、実施例12〜19、比較例4〜6のドライフィルムを作製した。
得られたドライフィルムについて、以下のように評価を行った。
得られたドライフィルムからカバーフィルムを剥がし、パターン形成された銅箔基板に、ドライフィルムを熱ラミネートした。次いで、この基板に高圧水銀灯を搭載した露光装置を用いて、最適露光量でパターン露光を行った。
Claims (5)
- カルボキシル基含有樹脂と、光重合開始剤と、アルナイト型化合物粒子とを含有することを特徴とする光硬化性樹脂組成物。
- フィルム上に形成され、カルボキシル基含有樹脂と、光重合開始剤と、アルナイト型化合物粒子とを含有する乾燥塗膜を備えることを特徴とするドライフィルム。
- 請求項1に記載の光硬化性樹脂組成物を基材上に塗布し、活性エネルギー線照射により硬化させて得られることを特徴とする硬化物。
- 請求項2に記載のドライフィルムを、基材上に貼り付け、活性エネルギー線照射により硬化させて得られることを特徴とする硬化物。
- 請求項3又は請求項4に記載の硬化物を備えることを特徴とするプリント配線板。
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