JP5431952B2 - 患者の個別化治療的ワクチン接種の主成分となる、腫瘍患者の腫瘍関連抗原(taa)に対する個々のt細胞反応パターンの検出 - Google Patents
患者の個別化治療的ワクチン接種の主成分となる、腫瘍患者の腫瘍関連抗原(taa)に対する個々のt細胞反応パターンの検出 Download PDFInfo
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- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Description
a)分化抗原は、それらが生成される組織タイプの腫瘍および細胞にのみ発現する。例えば、悪性メラノーマ(MM)の分化抗原はチロシナーゼ、チロシナーゼ関連タンパク質‐2(TRP‐2)、gp100およびmelan‐A/MART‐1などのメラニン細胞特異性タンパク質である。
b)配偶子およびトロホブラスト細胞とは別に、「癌/生殖細胞系」抗原(C/G抗原、「共通して腫瘍特異的」)は他の分化組織のいずれにも発現しない。悪性形質転換に起因する後成的変化は癌細胞にC/G抗原の異常な発現を招く。ほとんどの腫瘍細胞はいくつかのC/G抗原を同時に発現し、それらの発現は腫瘍進行の過程で維持される。また、C/G抗原はいくつかの組織構造の多数の腫瘍で発現する。
c)「ミスセンス」点突然変異のある抗原、および遺伝子断片の腫瘍特異的転座を経て生成される融合タンパク質は突然変異した抗原のカテゴリーに分類される。ごく小数の例外は別として、現在まで公知である点突然変異抗原は、それらが発見された個々の腫瘍に特異的である。対照的に、例えば(慢性骨髄性白血病の)BCR/ABLなどの悪性腫瘍特異性融合タンパク質は血液癌性疾患に通常存在する。
d)TAAの第4のカテゴリーとして、過剰発現抗原は腫瘍に存在し得る。これらは分化正常組織の細胞中で厳密に調整されて発現するタンパク質を含む。なぜなら、これらの多くが増殖、細胞周期、アポトーシス等の機能を自身で調整するからである。
「従来の」成熟DC(成熟DCはmDC)ならびにいわゆるfastDCの両方(mfDC;成熟短期培養DC)を使用し、RNAトランスフェクトDCでT細胞を刺激した。mDCをJonuleitら(Eur. J. Immunol. 1997; 27 (12): 3135-42)の方法に記載の患者のPBMCの単球、およびDauerら(J. Immunol. 2003; 170 (8): 4069-76)の方法に記載のmfDCから生成した。TAA‐RNAによるトランスフェクションでは、transmessenger‐RNA‐トランスフェクション試薬(Qiagen, Hilden)を用いて、2x105個のDCを反応ごとに0.8μgのインビトロ転写RNAでトランスフェクトした。その後その細胞をインキュベーター中で3時間インキュベートした。
インキュベーター中で3時間インキュベートした直後、トランスフェクトしたDCを使用し、事前に単離した患者のCD8+T細胞を刺激した。これにより24ウェル細胞培養プレートの培養単位(CU)ごとに、1x105個のトランスフェクトDCおよび2x105個のCD8陰性細胞(いわゆる「支持細胞」、100グレイで照射)により1〜1.5x106個のCD8+T細胞を刺激した。ヒト組み換えインターロイキン‐2(IL‐2;25IU/ml)をT細胞成長因子として添加した。10%のヒト血清(健常ドナーのプール血清)を追加したAIM-V培地(Invitrogen, Karlsruhe)を培地として使用した。対照実験では、自己由来のメラノーマ細胞(1x105)ならびに非トランスフェクトDCでT細胞を刺激した。実験開始後7日目に、同じプロトコールに従ってT細胞を再度刺激し、その後の4〜5日目にTAAの認識について分析した。
実験の11日目または12日目にCD8+T細胞を、刺激TAAに対するそれらの反応性および認識におけるHLA制限について試験した。例えばDCに対する自己反応性T細胞の非特異的反応性を排除するため、反応アッセイ用の抗原提示細胞として293T細胞またはCOS7細胞を使用した。これらはTAAをコードするcDNAを含む真核細胞発現ベクターでトランスフェクトした。個々の反応中、各TAA‐cDNAは患者の各HLA対立遺伝子のcDNAで同時トランスフェクトし、24時間後、IFN‐γ‐ELISPOTアッセイでT細胞によるトランスフェクト体の認識を試験した。トランスフェクションのためLipofectamine 2000(Invitrogen, Karlsruhe)を使用した。Lennerzら(PNAS 2005; 102 (44): 16013-16018)が報告したプロトコールに従ってアッセイを行った。提示した方法を2つの良好に特徴付けた患者モデルで試験した:
初期に、8種のT細胞認識TAA/HLAを組み合わせたものをモデルMZ2で同定した(図1):MAGE‐A1/HLA‐A1(Traversari C.ら、J. Exp. Med. 1992; 176: 1453-7)、MAGE‐A3/HLA‐A1(Gaugler B.ら、J. Exp. Med. 1994; 179: 921-30)、MAGE‐A1/HLA‐Cw16(van der Bruggen P.ら、Eur. J. Immunol. 1994a; 24: 2134-4)、BAGE‐1/HLA‐Cw16(Boel P.ら、Immunity 1995; 2: 167-75)、GAGE‐1,2,8/HLA‐Cw6(Van den Eynde B.ら、J. Exp. Med. 1995; 182: 689-98)、チロシナーゼ/HLA‐B44(Brichard V.G.ら、Eur. J. Immunol. 1996; 26: 224-230)、GAGE‐3,4,5,6,7/HLA‐A29(De Backer O.ら、Cancer Res. 1999; 59: 3157-65)、およびMAGE‐A6/HLA‐Cw16(Vantomme V.ら、Cancer Immun. [serial online]2003; 3: 17)。CD8+T細胞を患者のPBMCから単離し、上述の方法に従って各々8種のTAAでトランスフェクトしたDCで刺激した(図2)。次の反応アッセイでは、4/8T細胞特異性が検出できた(図4〜5)。また、未だ発見されていなかったある種のTAAが同定された:BAGE‐1/HLAB44(図4)。非トランスフェクトDCならびに自己由来のメラノーマ細胞でもT細胞を同時に刺激した。しかし非トランスフェクトDCによる刺激ではTAA特異的T細胞応答は増幅せず、メラノーマ細胞による刺激ではRNA‐DCによる刺激と同一のTAAスペクトルが認識された。
刺激アッセイ時、このモデルで16種のT細胞認識TAAが同定された。上述の方法から転用して、実験では、事前に単離したCD8+T細胞の代わりにPBMCを使用した。このこと以外では上述のプロトコールに従って実験を行った:一定量のPBMC(1.2x106/反応)を、各TAA‐RNAでトランスフェクトしたDC、ならびに非トランスフェクトDC、およびメラノーマ細胞で刺激した。7日目に再度刺激した後、12日目に反応アッセイにてT細胞を使用した。メラノーマ細胞で刺激したT細胞は16種の公知の抗原中、11種を認識した。非トランスフェクトDCで刺激したT細胞は抗原を全く認識しなかった。このことから非特異的TAA反応性は生じないことが分かる。TAA‐RNA刺激T細胞により4つの公知の反応性が再度認識された。また、ある種の特異性が新たに発見され(MAGE‐C2/HLA‐A2)、この特異性は、追加実験で分かるように、腫瘍クローンはMAGE‐C2を発現しないためメラノーマ刺激アプローチで使用された腫瘍細胞クローン(クローン6)による刺激で検出できた。しかし、クローン6が単離され、患者D05‐GSにワクチン接種するために長年使用されたメラノーマ細胞系にMAGE‐C2は発現する。このことにより、患者の末梢血液のMAGE‐C2反応性T細胞の存在が明らかになり得る。これらT細胞がMAGE‐C2‐RNAトランスフェクトDCによる刺激を経て検出され得るという事実により、刺激アッセイの効率および特異性が明確に示されている。
Claims (14)
- 腫瘍患者の抗腫瘍T細胞の選択的標的抗原を同定する方法であって:
a)少なくとも1人の腫瘍患者の血液から得られたT細胞を準備する工程であって、該T細胞は腫瘍細胞系とのインビトロでの接触により刺激をされてないものであり、
b)前記腫瘍患者から得られた自己由来のT細胞免疫原性腫瘍関連抗原(TAA)を発現する、樹状細胞(DC)および/またはBリンパ球(BLC)を準備する工程であって、前記DCおよびBLCはTAAをコードする複数のmRNAの中から選択したものであらかじめトランスフェクトされたものであり、
c)前記a)のT細胞を前記b)のDCおよび/またはBLCと接触させる工程、および
d)前記TAAがトランスフェクトされたDCおよび/またはBLCにおいて、T細胞によって認識されたTAAを同定する工程
を含む方法。 - DCおよび/またはBLCの抗原を認識するT細胞を増殖させることをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- DCおよび/またはBLCの抗原を認識するT細胞に基づいて、少なくとも1人の腫瘍患者の抗腫瘍T細胞の選択的標的抗原を同定する工程をさらに含む、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- TAAに対するT細胞の反応性についての対照アッセイをさらに含む、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 認識されたTAAが提示されるための再連結HLA対立遺伝子を判定する工程をさらに含む、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- T細胞が腫瘍患者から得られた末梢血液から単離されたものである、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- mRNAがいくつかのカテゴリーの抗原、分化抗原、C/G抗原、突然変異抗原および過剰発現抗原から選択される、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 抗原がチロシナーゼ、チロシナーゼ関連タンパク質‐2(TRP‐2)、gp100、MAGE、GAGE、BAGEおよびmelan‐NMART‐Iなどのメラニン細胞特異性タンパク質またはC/Gタンパク質から選択される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 突然変異抗原が融合タンパク質から選択される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 腫瘍患者の個々の抗原発現パターンが同定される、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 特定の腫瘍に罹患している腫瘍患者群の抗原発現パターンが同定される、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 検出された腫瘍が悪性メラノーマである、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 構造的に正常なTAAもしくは共通のTAAを発現する腫瘍患者群の抗原発現パターンが同定される、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の方法、および同定された腫瘍患者群の抗原発現パターンを腫瘍の診断の材料とする工程、を含む患者の腫瘍の診断材料を提供する方法。
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Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |