JP5427053B2 - Tube thickness measuring device - Google Patents
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、管厚測定装置に関し、特に、金属管の厚さを超音波により自動的かつ連続的に測定する管厚測定装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a tube thickness measuring device, and more particularly to a tube thickness measuring device that automatically and continuously measures the thickness of a metal tube using ultrasonic waves.
一般に、金属管例えば鋼管の厚さ測定には、超音波垂直法における表面エコー（Ｓエコー）と底面エコー（Ｂエコー）との時間差を計測し、この計測された時間差に被測定材内の音速を乗じて厚さを求める管厚測定装置が用いられている。このような管厚測定装置では、管内外面の表面性状、管の真円度および超音波探触子と管との中心偏位等の外乱要因によって起こる誤測定を抑制する手段として、設定範囲外のデータを除去する異常データ処理手段（データ平均化、前回値トラッキング、あるいは異常データ除去）が備わっている（特許文献１）。また、厚さの急変に対して測定値の信頼性を上げる手段として、異常データ処理手段を通過したデータを前回値と比較しあらかじめ設定された範囲のデータを順次トラッキングする複数の前回値トラッキング手段を備えたものもある（特許文献１）。 In general, for measuring the thickness of a metal pipe, for example, a steel pipe, the time difference between the surface echo (S echo) and the bottom echo (B echo) in the ultrasonic vertical method is measured, and the sound speed in the measured material is calculated based on the measured time difference. The tube thickness measuring device which calculates | requires thickness by multiplying is used. In such a tube thickness measuring device, as a means to suppress erroneous measurement caused by disturbance factors such as surface properties of the inner and outer surfaces of the tube, the roundness of the tube and the center deviation between the ultrasonic probe and the tube, it is outside the set range. Is provided with abnormal data processing means (data averaging, previous value tracking, or abnormal data removal) (Patent Document 1). In addition, as a means for increasing the reliability of the measurement value against a sudden change in thickness, a plurality of previous value tracking means for sequentially tracking data in a preset range by comparing the data that has passed through the abnormal data processing means with the previous value There is also a thing equipped with (patent document 1).
金属管例えば鋼管の内面に生じた局部的な凹みは、該凹み部の厚さが許容範囲内にあっても、該凹み部内の厚さ変動が急峻である場合、凹状欠陥とされることがある。
しかし、前述の一般的な管厚測定装置では、あらかじめ設定された厚さ許容値に対する上下限判定を行うことはできても、厚さ許容値内での厚さ変動の急峻さの程度（厚さ急峻度という）を検出することはできず、この点が課題となっていた。
A local dent generated on the inner surface of a metal pipe, for example, a steel pipe, may be a concave defect if the thickness variation in the dent is steep even if the thickness of the dent is within an allowable range. is there.
However, in the above-described general tube thickness measuring apparatus, even if the upper and lower limits can be determined with respect to the preset thickness tolerance, the degree of steepness of the thickness variation within the thickness tolerance (thickness) This is a problem.
本発明は、前記課題を解決するための手段であって、その要旨は以下のとおりである。
（請求項１）
金属管外周面を超音波でスパイラル状に走査して前記金属管の肉厚を測定する超音波厚さ測定手段と、該測定した厚さデータを処理するデータ処理手段とを有する管厚測定装置において、
前記データ処理を経た厚さデータを、管周方向を列方向に、管軸方向を行方向に対応させた行列の要素データとして格納する行列ファイル手段と、
前記行列の要素データを行番第１優先、列番第２優先の昇順に所定の連続した基準範囲、スキップ範囲、比較範囲のデータとして記憶する列レジスタ手段、および/または、前記行列の要素データを列番第１優先、行番第２優先の昇順に所定の連続した基準範囲、スキップ範囲、比較範囲のデータとして記憶する行レジスタ手段と、
前記基準範囲と前記比較範囲のデータから管周方向および/または管軸方向の厚さ急峻度を算出して所定の閾値と比較する厚さ急峻度評価手段と
を備えたことを特徴とする管厚測定装置。
The present invention is means for solving the above-mentioned problems, and the gist thereof is as follows.
(Claim 1)
A tube thickness measuring device comprising ultrasonic thickness measuring means for measuring the thickness of the metal tube by spirally scanning the outer peripheral surface of the metal tube and data processing means for processing the measured thickness data In
Matrix file means for storing the thickness data subjected to the data processing as element data of a matrix in which the tube circumferential direction corresponds to the column direction and the tube axis direction corresponds to the row direction;
Column register means for storing element data of the matrix as data of a predetermined continuous reference range, skip range, comparison range in ascending order of row number first priority and column number second priority, and / or element data of the matrix Row register means for storing data as predetermined continuous reference range, skip range, and comparison range data in ascending order of column number first priority and row number second priority;
A pipe having a thickness steepness evaluation means for calculating a thickness steepness in the pipe circumferential direction and / or the pipe axis direction from the data of the reference range and the comparison range and comparing it with a predetermined threshold value Thickness measuring device.
本発明によれば、管の厚さ許容範囲内での管周方向および/または管軸方向の厚さ急峻度を評価できるようになり、より精細な品質管理が可能となる。 According to the present invention, it becomes possible to evaluate the thickness steepness in the pipe circumferential direction and / or the pipe axis direction within the allowable thickness range of the pipe, and finer quality control becomes possible.
一般的に、超音波による金属管例えば鋼管の肉厚測定は、探触子（超音波探触子の意。以下同じ）を固定して管を管軸周りに回転させつつ送る、あるいは管を直進送りして探触子を管周方向に回転させる、という方法で実施される。したがって、例えば図２に示すように、探触子の走査軌跡21は、管10の外周面内にスパイラル状の曲線を描く。このことは、本発明に用いる超音波厚さ測定手段でも同様である。
Generally, when measuring the thickness of a metal tube such as a steel tube by ultrasonic waves, the probe (which means the ultrasonic probe; the same shall apply hereinafter) is fixed and the tube is rotated around the tube axis, or the tube is It is carried out by a method of feeding straight and rotating the probe in the pipe circumferential direction. Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, the
厚さの自動測定に係る測定点は、前記スパイラル状の曲線上に位置し、測定点の間隔は走査スピード（管に対する探触子の相対速度）と測定時間ピッチで決まる。厚さデータの整理を容易にする観点から、測定点の管周方向位相が走査の１周回ごとに同一の位相になるように走査スピードと測定時間ピッチを設定するのが好ましい。
図１は、本発明の概要を示すブロック図である。超音波厚さ測定手段１では、探触子20からの検出エコーをパルサーレシーバ11で受けてＳエコー、Ｂエコーに分け、それぞれＳエコー増幅器12、Ｂエコー増幅器13で増幅する。該増幅後は、Ｓエコーゲート14、Ｂエコーゲート15で所定の強度範囲内のエコーを取り出して厚さ算出器16に送る。厚さ算出器16は、送られてきたＳエコーとＢエコーの時間差と管体中の音速から管の厚さを算出して出力する。
The measurement points for automatic thickness measurement are located on the spiral curve, and the interval between the measurement points is determined by the scanning speed (relative speed of the probe with respect to the tube) and the measurement time pitch. From the viewpoint of facilitating organizing of the thickness data, it is preferable to set the scanning speed and the measurement time pitch so that the pipe circumferential direction phase of the measurement point becomes the same phase for each round of scanning.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an outline of the present invention. In the ultrasonic thickness measuring means 1, the detection echo from the
厚さ算出器16から出力された厚さデータは、データ処理手段２へ送られる。データ処理手段２は、送られてきた厚さデータに対して、外乱の影響（搬送時の振動等による超音波入射角度のずれ等々）による測定値の変動分を可及的に取り除くために、特許文献１に記載される「平均化」（特許文献１の［0004］参照）、「前回値トラッキング」（特許文献１の［0005］参照）、「複数の前回値トラッキング」（特許文献１の請求項１、図２参照）のうち少なくともいずれか１つのデータ処理を施す。
The thickness data output from the
データ処理手段２でのデータ処理を経た厚さデータは、行列ファイル手段３へ送られる。行列ファイル手段３は、送られてきた厚さデータを、例えば図３に示すように、管周方向を列方向に、管軸方向を行方向に対応させたｍ×ｎ行列の要素データＷｉ，ｊ（ｉ＝１，２,‥‥,ｍ、ｊ＝１，２,‥‥,ｎ）として格納する。
本発明では、前記行列の要素データから、厚さ急峻度算出用のデータを順次取り出すために、管周方向に対応する列レジスタ手段４、および/または、管軸方向に対応する行レジスタ手段６を備えた。
The thickness data that has undergone the data processing in the data processing means 2 is sent to the matrix file means 3. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the matrix file means 3 uses the m × n matrix element data W i in which the tube circumferential direction corresponds to the column direction and the tube axis direction corresponds to the row direction. , J (i = 1, 2,..., M, j = 1, 2,..., N).
In the present invention, the column register means 4 corresponding to the tube circumferential direction and / or the row register means 6 corresponding to the tube axis direction are used to sequentially extract the data for calculating the thickness steepness from the element data of the matrix. Equipped with.
列レジスタ手段４は、前記行列の要素データを行番第１優先、列番第２優先の昇順に所定の連続した基準範囲、スキップ範囲、比較範囲のデータとして記憶する。一方、行レジスタ手段は、前記行列の要素データを列番第１優先、行番第２優先の昇順に所定の連続した基準範囲、スキップ範囲、比較範囲のデータとして記憶する。
図４は、管周方向の場合を例にとって厚さ急峻度の評価範囲の概念を示す説明図である。厚さ急峻度の評価範囲は、連続する基準範囲30、スキップ範囲31、比較範囲32からなる。基準範囲30、スキップ範囲31、比較範囲32には連続した厚さデータが順次、予め設定された個数分だけ記憶される。これは、評価範囲が管10の外周に沿って移動しながら対向管周部位の厚さデータを取り込んでいくことに相当する。なお、基準範囲30、スキップ範囲31、比較範囲32の大きさ（記憶させるデータ個数）は任意に設定できる。
The column register means 4 stores the element data of the matrix as predetermined continuous reference range, skip range, and comparison range data in ascending order of row number first priority and column number second priority. On the other hand, the row register means stores the element data of the matrix as predetermined continuous reference range, skip range, and comparison range data in ascending order of column number first priority and row number second priority.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the concept of the evaluation range of the thickness steepness taking the case of the pipe circumferential direction as an example. The evaluation range of the thickness steepness includes a
例えば図５は、基準範囲、スキップ範囲、比較範囲の大きさをそれぞれ６，２，２とした場合を示す（なお、説明を簡略化するために、今回測定データをW(n)とし、W(n)以前の測定データをW(n-1),W(n-2),‥‥,W(n-10),W(n-11)とする。）。この例では、基準範囲のデータはW(n-9),W(n-8),‥‥,W(n-4)、スキップ範囲のデータはW(n-3),W(n-2)、比較範囲のデータはW(n-1),W(n)である。 For example, FIG. 5 shows a case where the sizes of the reference range, the skip range, and the comparison range are 6, 2, and 2, respectively (note that the measurement data this time is W (n) and W (n) The previous measurement data is W (n-1), W (n-2), ..., W (n-10), W (n-11)). In this example, the reference range data is W (n-9), W (n-8), ..., W (n-4), and the skip range data is W (n-3), W (n-2 ) And comparison range data are W (n−1) and W (n).
厚さ急峻度評価手段５は、列レジスタ手段４の基準範囲と比較範囲のデータから管周方向の厚さ急峻度を算出して所定の閾値と比較する。一方、厚さ急峻度評価手段７は、行レジスタ手段６の基準範囲と比較範囲のデータから管軸方向の厚さ急峻度を算出して所定の閾値と比較する。
厚さ急峻度を算出するには、まず基準範囲のデータ中の最小値Ｗmin、および比較範囲のデータ中の最大値Ｗmaxを求め、次いで、下式(1)から厚さ急峻度を求める。なお、スキップ範囲のデータは厚さ急峻度の算出には用いない。
The thickness steepness evaluation means 5 calculates the thickness steepness in the tube circumferential direction from the reference range and comparison range data of the column register means 4 and compares it with a predetermined threshold value. On the other hand, the thickness steepness evaluation means 7 calculates the thickness steepness in the tube axis direction from the reference range and comparison range data of the row register means 6 and compares it with a predetermined threshold value.
In order to calculate the thickness steepness, first, the minimum value W min in the reference range data and the maximum value W max in the comparison range data are obtained, and then the thickness steepness is obtained from the following equation (1). . Note that the skip range data is not used to calculate the thickness steepness.
厚さ急峻度＝（Ｗmin−Ｗmax）／公称肉厚×100（％） ‥‥(1)
ただし、式(1)の計算値が負の値となった場合は、厚さ急峻度＝０とする。
そして、得られた厚さ急峻度を所定の閾値と比較する。比較の結果において、厚さ急峻度が閾値以下なら良好（凹状欠陥無し）、閾値超なら不良（凹状欠陥有り）と評価する。
Thickness of thickness steepness = (W min -W max ) / Nominal wall thickness x 100 (%) (1)
However, if the calculated value of Equation (1) is a negative value, the thickness steepness = 0.
Then, the obtained thickness steepness is compared with a predetermined threshold value. As a result of comparison, if the thickness steepness is equal to or less than the threshold value, it is evaluated as good (no concave defect), and if it exceeds the threshold value, it is evaluated as defective (with a concave defect).
スパイラル状測定軌跡に沿った１周回分の測定点を８点ずつ平均化した回数が２２回の場合における管周方向の厚さデータの１例を図６（ａ）に示す。図６（ａ）の厚さデータに対して本発明により管周方向の厚さ急峻度を評価し、実施例とした。ここでは列レジスタ手段の基準範囲、スキップ範囲、比較範囲の大きさを６，２，２に設定した。厚さ急峻度の算出・評価結果を図６（ｂ）に示す。図６（ｂ）より、管周方向のほぼ同じ位相部位に、少なくとも２周回分の管軸方向長さ範囲にわたる凹状欠陥の存在が検出されたことがわかる。 FIG. 6A shows an example of thickness data in the pipe circumferential direction when the number of times of averaging eight measurement points for one round along the spiral measurement trajectory is 22 times. According to the present invention, the thickness steepness in the pipe circumferential direction was evaluated with respect to the thickness data of FIG. Here, the sizes of the reference range, skip range, and comparison range of the column register means are set to 6, 2, and 2. The calculation / evaluation results of the thickness steepness are shown in FIG. From FIG. 6 (b), it can be seen that the presence of a concave defect in the tube axis direction length range of at least two rounds is detected at substantially the same phase portion in the tube circumferential direction.
１ 超音波厚さ測定手段
２ データ処理手段
３ 行列ファイル手段
４ 列レジスタ手段
５ 管周方向の厚さ急峻度評価手段
６ 行レジスタ手段
７ 管軸方向の厚さ急峻度評価手段
10 管（金属管）
11 パルサーレシーバ
12 Ｓエコー増幅器
13 Ｂエコー増幅器
14 Ｓエコーゲート
15 Ｂエコーゲート
16 厚さ算出器
20 探触子（超音波探触子）
21 走査軌跡
30 基準範囲
31 スキップ範囲
32 比較範囲
DESCRIPTION OF
10 tube (metal tube)
11 Pulsar receiver
12 S echo amplifier
13 B echo amplifier
14 S Echo Gate
15 B echo gate
16 Thickness calculator
20 Probe (Ultrasonic probe)
21 Scanning trajectory
30 Reference range
31 Skip range
32 Comparison range
Claims (1)
前記データ処理を経た厚さデータを、管周方向を列方向に、管軸方向を行方向に対応させた行列の要素データとして格納する行列ファイル手段と、
前記行列の要素データを行番第１優先、列番第２優先の昇順に所定の連続した基準範囲、スキップ範囲、比較範囲のデータとして記憶する列レジスタ手段、および/または、前記行列の要素データを列番第１優先、行番第２優先の昇順に所定の連続した基準範囲、スキップ範囲、比較範囲のデータとして記憶する行レジスタ手段と、
前記基準範囲と前記比較範囲のデータから管周方向および/または管軸方向の厚さ急峻度を算出して所定の閾値と比較する厚さ急峻度評価手段と
を備えたことを特徴とする管厚測定装置。 A tube thickness measuring device comprising ultrasonic thickness measuring means for measuring the thickness of the metal tube by spirally scanning the outer peripheral surface of the metal tube and data processing means for processing the measured thickness data In
Matrix file means for storing the thickness data subjected to the data processing as element data of a matrix in which the tube circumferential direction corresponds to the column direction and the tube axis direction corresponds to the row direction;
Column register means for storing element data of the matrix as data of a predetermined continuous reference range, skip range, comparison range in ascending order of row number first priority and column number second priority, and / or element data of the matrix Row register means for storing data as predetermined continuous reference range, skip range, and comparison range data in ascending order of column number first priority and row number second priority;
A pipe having a thickness steepness evaluation means for calculating a thickness steepness in the pipe circumferential direction and / or the pipe axis direction from the data of the reference range and the comparison range and comparing it with a predetermined threshold value Thickness measuring device.
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| JP6512157B2 (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2019-05-15 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Thickness measurement apparatus, thickness evaluation apparatus, thickness measurement method and thickness evaluation method |
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| JPS5753611A (en) * | 1980-09-17 | 1982-03-30 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Thickness deviation detecting method for metallic pipe by ultrasonic wave |
| JPS5910802A (en) * | 1982-07-09 | 1984-01-20 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | Method for discriminating wall thickness of pipe body |
| JPS59100212U (en) * | 1982-12-25 | 1984-07-06 | 川崎製鉄株式会社 | Pipe thickness gauge recording device |
| FR2716714B1 (en) * | 1994-02-25 | 1996-05-31 | Zircotube | Method and device for ultrasonic testing of facets on the inner surface of the wall of a sheath. |
| JPH11271046A (en) * | 1998-03-24 | 1999-10-05 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Inspection method for dimension of metal pipe |
| JP2000275035A (en) * | 1999-03-23 | 2000-10-06 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Apparatus for measuring thickness of tube |
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