JP5420135B2 - 抗ウイルス薬としての新規2−アミノ−9−[(2−ヒドロキシメチル)シクロプロピリデンメチル]プリン - Google Patents
抗ウイルス薬としての新規2−アミノ−9−[(2−ヒドロキシメチル)シクロプロピリデンメチル]プリン Download PDFInfo
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- JP5420135B2 JP5420135B2 JP2004521423A JP2004521423A JP5420135B2 JP 5420135 B2 JP5420135 B2 JP 5420135B2 JP 2004521423 A JP2004521423 A JP 2004521423A JP 2004521423 A JP2004521423 A JP 2004521423A JP 5420135 B2 JP5420135 B2 JP 5420135B2
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- cycloalkyl
- cyclopropylidenemethyl
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- WRVHPSSSTBDGRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;sulfane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na].S WRVHPSSSTBDGRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007901 soft capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940032147 starch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001203 stavudine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-M succinate(1-) Chemical group OC(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FRACPXUHUTXLCX-BELIEFIBSA-N tert-butyl N-{1-[(1S)-1-{[(1R,2S)-1-(benzylcarbamoyl)-1-hydroxy-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-2-cyclopropylethyl]-2-oxopyridin-3-yl}carbamate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)NC1=CC=CN(C1=O)[C@@H](CC2CC2)C(=O)N[C@@H](C[C@@H]3CCNC3=O)[C@H](C(=O)NCC4=CC=CC=C4)O FRACPXUHUTXLCX-BELIEFIBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940078499 tricalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019731 tricalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000391 tricalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012588 trypsin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004417 unsaturated alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940093257 valacyclovir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940108442 valtrex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940100445 wheat starch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000523 zalcitabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940087450 zerit Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940107931 zovirax Drugs 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D473/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing purine ring systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
- A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
- A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
- A61P31/20—Antivirals for DNA viruses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
- A61P31/20—Antivirals for DNA viruses
- A61P31/22—Antivirals for DNA viruses for herpes viruses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6561—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing systems of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system, with or without other non-condensed hetero rings
- C07F9/65616—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing systems of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system, with or without other non-condensed hetero rings containing the ring system having three or more than three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members, e.g. purine or analogs
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- AIDS & HIV (AREA)
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- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
Description
R1は、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニルおよびC4−18シクロアルキル(そのいずれもヒドロキシ、ハロ、アミノ、アシル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクリルおよびアリールよりなる群の1種もしくはそれ以上のメンバーで場合によっては置換されてよい)よりなる群から選択され;
R2は、C2−18アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニルおよびシクロアルキル(そのいずれも分枝状もしくは非分枝状であってよく、かつ、ヒドロキシ、ハロ、アミノ、アシル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクリルおよびアリールよりなる群の1種もしくはそれ以上のメンバーで場合によっては置換されてよい)よりなる群から選択され;ならびに
R3は、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニルおよびシクロアルキル(そのいずれも分枝状もしくは非分枝状であってよく、かつ、ヒドロキシ、ハロ、アミノ、アシル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクリルおよびアリールよりなる群の1種もしくはそれ以上のメンバーで場合によっては置換されてよい)よりなる群から選択される、
を有する。
[発明の詳細な記述]
本明細書で使用されるところの以下の用語は、(別の方法で示されない限り)後に続くように定義される:
「アシル」は基C(O)Rを意味し、式中Rはアルキル、アリール、アルキルアリール、アリールアルキル(ベンジルのような)、アルキルアリールアルキル、ヘテロシクリル、ヘテロシクリルアルキル、カルボシクリル、カルボシクリルアルキル、アルコキシアルキル(メトキシメチルのような)、アルコキシアルキル、アリールオキシアルキル(フェノキシメチルのような)、ポリ(アルキルオキシ)アルキル(ポリ(メトキシ)メチルのようなポリエーテルのような)、アリール(ハロ、低級アルキルもしくは低級アルコキシで場合によっては置換されるフェニルのような)、アリールアルキルおよびアルキルアリールから選択される。アシル部分の特定の例は、限定されるものでないがアセチル、プロピオニル、ブチリル、ペンタノイル、3−メチルブチリル、コハク酸水素、3−クロロベンゾエート、ベンゾイル、アセチル、ピバロイル、メシレート、プロピオニル、バレリル、カプロン酸、カプリル酸、カプリン酸、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸およびオレイン酸を挙げることができる。
R1は、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニルおよびC4−18シクロアルキル(そのいずれもヒドロキシ、ハロ、アミノ、アシル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクリルおよびアリールよりなる群の1種もしくはそれ以上のメンバーで場合によっては置換されてよい)よりなる群から選択され;
R2は、C2−18アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニルおよびシクロアルキル(そのいずれも分枝状もしくは非分枝状であってよく、かつ、ヒドロキシ、ハロ、アミノ、アシル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクリルおよびアリールよりなる群の1種もしくはそれ以上のメンバーで場合によっては置換されてよい)よりなる群から選択され;ならびに
R3は、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニルおよびシクロアルキル(そのいずれも分枝状もしくは非分枝状であってよく、かつ、ヒドロキシ、ハロ、アミノ、アシル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクリルおよびアリールよりなる群の1種もしくはそれ以上のメンバーで場合によっては置換されてよい)よりなる群から選択される、
の化合物である。
R1は、C1−C8アルキル、C3−C8アルケニル、C3−C8アルキニルおよびC4−10シクロアルキル(そのいずれもヒドロキシ、ハロ、アミノ、アシル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクリルおよびアリールよりなる群の1種もしくはそれ以上のメンバーで場合によっては置換されてよい)よりなる群から選択され;
R2は、C2−8アルキル、C3−C8アルケニル、C3−C8アルキニルおよびC3−10シクロアルキル(そのいずれも分枝状もしくは非分枝状であってよく、かつ、ヒドロキシ、ハロ、アミノ、アシル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクリルおよびアリールよりなる群の1種もしくはそれ以上のメンバーで場合によっては置換されてよい)よりなる群から選択され;ならびに
R3は、C2−8アルキル、C3−C8アルケニル、C3−C8アルキニルおよびC3−10シクロアルキル(そのいずれも分枝状もしくは非分枝状であってよく、かつ、ヒドロキシ、ハロ、アミノ、アシル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクリルおよびアリールよりなる群の1種もしくはそれ以上のメンバーで場合によっては置換されてよい)よりなる群から選択される。
R1は、C1−C6アルキル、C3−C6アルケニル、C3−C6アルキニルおよびC4−8シクロアルキル(そのいずれもシクロアルキル、ヘテロシクリルおよびアリールよりなる群の1種もしくはそれ以上のメンバーで場合によっては置換されてよい)よりなる群から選択され;
R2は、C2−6アルキル、C3−C6アルケニル、C3−C6アルキニルおよびC3−8シクロアルキル(そのいずれも分枝状もしくは非分枝状であってよく、かつ、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクリルおよびアリールよりなる群の1種もしくはそれ以上のメンバーで場合によっては置換されてよい)よりなる群から選択され、;ならびに
R3は、C2−6アルキル、C3−C6アルケニル、C3−C6アルキニルおよびC3−8シクロアルキル(そのいずれも分枝状もしくは非分枝状であってよく、かつ、ヒドロキシ、ハロ、アミノ、アシル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクリルおよびアリールよりなる群の1種もしくはそれ以上のメンバーで場合によっては置換されてよい)よりなる群から選択される。
(Z,S)−(+)−2−アミノ−6−アリルアミノ−9−[(2−ヒドロキシメチル)シクロプロピリデンメチル]プリン;
(Z,S)−(+)−2−アミノ−6−プロパルギルアミノ−9−[(2−ヒドロキシメチル)シクロプロピリデンメチル]プリン;
(Z,S)−(+)−2−アミノ−6−シクロプロピルメチルアミノ−9−[(2−ヒドロキシメチル)シクロプロピリデンメチル]プリン;
(Z,S)−(+)−2−アミノ−6−イソプロピルアミノ−9−[(2−ヒドロキシメチル)シクロプロピリデンメチル]プリン;
(Z,S)−(+)−2−アミノ−6−ベンジルアミノ−9−[(2−ヒドロキシメチル)シクロプロピリデンメチル]プリン;
(Z,S)−(+)−2−アミノ−6−シクロヘキシルアミノ−9−[(2−ヒドロキシメチル)シクロプロピリデンメチル]プリン;
(Z,S)−(+)−2−アミノ−6−(2−ヒドロキシ)エチルアミノ−9−[(2−ヒドロキシメチル)シクロプロピリデンメチル]プリン;
(Z,S)−(+)−2−アミノ−6−プロポキシ−9−[(2−ヒドロキシメチル)シクロプロピリデンメチル]プリン;
(Z,S)−(+)−2−アミノ−6−ペンチルオキシ−9−[(2−ヒドロキシメチル)シクロプロピリデンメチル]プリン;
(Z,S)−(+)−2−アミノ−6−アリルオキシ−9−[(2−ヒドロキシメチル)シクロプロピリデンメチル]プリン;
(Z,S)−(+)−2−アミノ−6−シクロプロピルメトキシ−9−[(2−ヒドロキシメチル)シクロプロピリデンメチル]プリン;
(Z,S)−(+)−2−アミノ−6−プロピルチオ−9−[(2−ヒドロキシメチル)シクロプロピリデンメチル]プリン;
(Z,S)−(+)−2−アミノ−6−ペンチルチオ−9−[(2−ヒドロキシメチル)シクロプロピリデンメチル]プリン;
(Z,S)−(+)−2−アミノ−6−チオ−9−[(2−ヒドロキシメチル)シクロプロピリデンメチル]プリン;および
(Z,S)−(+)−2−アミノ−9−[(2−ヒドロキシメチル)シクロプロピリデンメチル]プリン
である。
Bは式1および2について上のとおり定義され;
XはOであり;ならびに
R1およびR2はアルキルもしくはアリールである、
のリン酸エステルを包含する。R1XもしくはR2XはNHとしてのXを伴う(アラニンのような)アミノ酸残基であってもまたよい。
[実施例]
以下の実施例は本発明の化合物およびそれを製造するための合成スキームをさらに記述する(言及は化合物番号について上のスキーム1および2になされる)。これらの実施例は本発明の多様な態様を具体的に説明するために提供され、そして範囲において制限するとみなされない。
細胞およびウイルス。KB細胞の慣例の増殖および継代を、10%仔ウシ血清を補充したハンクス塩類[MEM(H)]もしくはアール塩類[MEM(E)]のいずれかを含む最小必須培地(MEM)を使用して単層培養物中で実施した。重炭酸ナトリウム濃度は必要とされる緩衝能力に合うように変動させた。二倍体ヒト包皮線維芽細胞(HFF)もしくはMRC−5細胞の培養物を、10%ウシ胎児血清を含むMEM(E)よりなる培地中で増殖させた。細胞は以前に記述された(Turk,S.R.ら、Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.31:544−550(1987)とおり、HEPES緩衝塩溶液(HBS)(Shipman,C.,Jr.、Proc.Soc.Exp.Biol.130:305−310(1969))中0.05%トリプシンおよび0.02%EDTAを使用することにより、慣習的手順に従って2ないし10倍希釈で継代した。HFFおよびMRC−5細胞は2倍希釈でのみ継代した。
(i)静止期HFF細胞で生じられる細胞傷害性を、ウイルスにより冒されていなかったプラークアッセイで使用した細胞の顕微鏡検査により決定した。
(ii)KB細胞の2集団の倍加の間の化合物の影響を、クリスタルバイオレット染色および染色された細胞から溶出される色素の分光測光的定量により決定した(Turk,S.R.ら、Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.35:1060−1065(1991)。
Claims (10)
- Bが、6位においてSR3で置換された2−アミノプリン−9−イルであり;
式中、
R3が、C2−C8アルキル、C3−C8アルケニル、C3−C8アルキニルおよびC3−C10シクロアルキル(そのいずれも分枝状もしくは非分枝状であってよく、かつ、ヒドロキシ、ハロ、アミノ、アシル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクリルおよびアリールよりなる群の1種もしくはそれ以上のメンバーで場合によっては置換されてよい)よりなる群から選択される、請求項1記載の化合物。 - Bが、6位においてSR3で置換された2−アミノプリン−9−イルであり;
式中、
R3が、C2−C6アルキル、C3−C6アルケニル、C3−C6アルキニルおよびC3−C8シクロアルキル(そのいずれも分枝状もしくは非分枝状であってよく、かつ、ヒドロキシ、ハロ、アミノ、アシル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクリルおよびアリールよりなる群の1種もしくはそれ以上のメンバーで場合によっては置換されてよい)よりなる群から選択される、請求項1記載の化合物。 - (Z,S)−(+)−2−アミノ−6−プロピルチオ−9−[(2−ヒドロキシメチル)シクロプロピリデンメチル]プリンおよび(Z,S)−(+)−2−アミノ−6−ペンチルチオ−9−[(2−ヒドロキシメチル)シクロプロピリデンメチル]プリンよりなる群から選択される抗ウイルス化合物。
- 請求項1乃至4のいずれか1つに記載の化合物および製薬学的に許容できる担体を含んでなる組成物。
- 請求項1乃至4のいずれか1つに記載の化合物又はその組合せを含有する、ウイルスに感染した哺乳動物の治療剤。
- 前記哺乳動物がヒトである、請求項6記載のウイルスに感染した哺乳動物の治療剤。
- 前記ウイルスが、ヒトサイトメガロウイルス、および単純疱疹ウイルスよりなる群から選択される、請求項6記載のウイルスに感染した哺乳動物の治療剤。
- 付加的な化合物をさらに含んでなる、請求項6記載のウイルスに感染した哺乳動物の治療剤。
- 前記付加的な化合物が、アシクロビル、ガンシクロビル、ジドブジン、AZT、ddI、ddC、3TCおよびd4Tならびにそれらの組合せよりなる群から選択される、請求項9記載のウイルスに感染した哺乳動物の治療剤。
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EP (1) | EP1490015B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP5420135B2 (ja) |
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AU (1) | AU2003276824B8 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2479037C (ja) |
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MY141789A (en) * | 2001-01-19 | 2010-06-30 | Lg Chem Investment Ltd | Novel acyclic nucleoside phosphonate derivatives, salts thereof and process for the preparation of the same. |
PT1490368E (pt) * | 2002-03-15 | 2011-10-24 | Univ Michigan | 2,2-bis(hidroximetil)ciclopropilidenometil-purinas e ¿pirimidinas como agentes antivirais |
JP3991223B2 (ja) * | 2003-02-13 | 2007-10-17 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 新規スルホニルジアゾメタン化合物、光酸発生剤、並びにそれを用いたレジスト材料及びパターン形成方法 |
JP4015176B2 (ja) | 2003-04-29 | 2007-11-28 | ファイザー・インク | 高血圧症の治療に有用な5,7−ジアミノピラゾロ4,3−ジピリミジン類 |
US7572799B2 (en) | 2003-11-24 | 2009-08-11 | Pfizer Inc | Pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines as Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors |
JP5107579B2 (ja) * | 2003-12-02 | 2012-12-26 | ザ オハイオ ステート ユニバーシティー リサーチ ファウンデーション | 新規の種類のヒストン脱アセチル化酵素阻害剤としてのZn2+キレートモチーフ係留短鎖脂肪酸 |
US7569572B2 (en) | 2004-04-07 | 2009-08-04 | Pfizer Inc | Pyrazolo[4,3-D]pyrimidines |
JP5567483B2 (ja) | 2007-10-09 | 2014-08-06 | ダウ アグロサイエンシィズ エルエルシー | 殺虫性置換アジニル誘導体 |
WO2009048751A1 (en) | 2007-10-09 | 2009-04-16 | Dow Agrosciences Llc | Insecticidal pyrimidinyl aryl hydrazones |
ES2403040T3 (es) | 2007-10-09 | 2013-05-13 | Dow Agrosciences Llc | (1,3,5)-triazinil-fenil-hidrazonas insecticidas |
MA46038B1 (fr) * | 2016-08-29 | 2021-05-31 | Hoffmann La Roche | Composés de sulfonimidoylpurinone substitués dans la position 7 pour le traitement et la prophylaxie d'infection virale |
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GB8815265D0 (en) * | 1988-06-27 | 1988-08-03 | Wellcome Found | Therapeutic nucleosides |
PT95516A (pt) * | 1989-10-06 | 1991-08-14 | Wellcome Found | Processo para a preparacao de derivados de 2',3'-didesoxi nucleosidos 6-substituidos |
US6352991B1 (en) * | 1997-01-08 | 2002-03-05 | Wayne State University | 2-hydroxymethylcyclopropylidenemethylpurines and -pyrimidines as antiviral agents |
WO1998030563A1 (en) * | 1997-01-08 | 1998-07-16 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | 2-hydroxymethylcyclopropyli- denemethylpurines and -pyrimidines as antiviral agents |
PT1490368E (pt) * | 2002-03-15 | 2011-10-24 | Univ Michigan | 2,2-bis(hidroximetil)ciclopropilidenometil-purinas e ¿pirimidinas como agentes antivirais |
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2003
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2003276824B2 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
US7183268B2 (en) | 2007-02-27 |
CA2479037C (en) | 2010-11-09 |
DE60329375D1 (en) | 2009-11-05 |
WO2004006867A3 (en) | 2004-10-21 |
EP1490015B1 (en) | 2009-09-23 |
US20050124582A1 (en) | 2005-06-09 |
AU2003276824A1 (en) | 2004-02-02 |
AU2003276824B8 (en) | 2009-01-22 |
US20070225302A1 (en) | 2007-09-27 |
CA2479037A1 (en) | 2004-01-22 |
JP2005524720A (ja) | 2005-08-18 |
ATE443507T1 (de) | 2009-10-15 |
US9174990B2 (en) | 2015-11-03 |
EP1490015A2 (en) | 2004-12-29 |
EP1490015A4 (en) | 2005-12-28 |
JP2012180361A (ja) | 2012-09-20 |
WO2004006867A2 (en) | 2004-01-22 |
AU2003276824A2 (en) | 2004-02-02 |
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