JP5408725B2 - Symbiotic revetment panel material and symbiotic revetment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a symbiotic revetment panel material and a symbiotic revetment panel, and in particular, a symbiotic revetment panel material that secures a habitat for small animals living in neighboring waters to achieve symbiosis and establishment, and a living organism using the panel material. Regarding symbiotic revetments.

  Conventionally, many structures such as seawalls, rivers, canals, waterways, etc. that are in contact with running water, piers, abutments, piers, etc. (hereinafter simply referred to as revetments) are steel sheet piles, concrete sheet piles, concrete panel blocks. Etc. have been constructed and constructed. However, in recent years, it has been pointed out that such a revetment has a problem in which the habitat of living organisms in neighboring waters is lost and the ecosystem is affected. When newly constructed, the revetment has a small impact on the environment and ecosystem. It is demanded. In addition, as a method of creating and recovering the habitat of organisms on a steel sheet pile revetment constructed by a conventional construction method, a water-permeable lid (such as a perforated steel plate or expanded metal) is attached to the recess on the wetted surface of the steel sheet pile. In addition, a method has been proposed in which a space surrounded by a steel sheet pile and a lid is filled with crushed stones, gravel, and other backfilling materials to create living spaces for living organisms (see Patent Documents 1 to 4).

  In addition, when the existing revetment built by the conventional construction method becomes old or deteriorates and needs to be repaired or reinforced, a new revetment will be created to promote symbiosis on the front (water contact surface) side of the existing revetment. It has also been proposed. For example, when simply reinforcing an existing revetment, a steel wall pile is built on the front of the existing revetment, and the back of crushed stone or the like is placed in the space between the existing revetment and the steel sheet pile or in the recess of the steel sheet pile described above. Filled with potting material to create living habitat. However, in this method of placing the backfill material in the space around the steel sheet pile, the space inside the revetment such as crabs, shrimps, and sea breams that can feed on the organisms important to the ecosystem in neighboring waters, especially higher animals. It is difficult to establish and restore diverse ecosystems in neighboring waters because it is not possible to establish organisms that use water. In addition, it cannot be applied when a strong revetment is constructed using concrete or the like in consideration of earthquake resistance.

  On the other hand, the present inventors have developed a symbiotic revetment structure capable of symbiosis / establishment of important small animals in the ecosystem even in concrete revetment, etc., and disclosed them in Patent Documents 5-6. In this revetment structure, panel material is attached to the front of the revetment via a gap, and the space between the panel material and the revetment is made of living organisms such as chestnut stone, sand, earth and sand, silt, high quality soil, shells, and concrete waste. Packed with backfilling material. On the surface (water contact surface) of the panel material, a large number of concave and convex stonework patterns with fine depressions are formed, and biological access holes penetrating from the front surface to the back surface are formed in the concave portions of the stonework pattern. Masonry-shaped eaves-shaped projections create a relatively wide shaded area at the entrance and exit of the organism and prevent the inflow of rainwater, keeping the entrance and exit of the organism in a non-dry environment suitable for the habitat of small animals. In addition, the backfill material is moistened and kept warm by appropriate entry and exit of running water from the organism entrance / exit. Small animals such as crabs, shrimps, and spiders crawl up using the fine depressions on the surface of the panel material, enter the backfill material from the flowing water through the biological entrance and exit, and the gap between the backfill materials is established as a habitat. .

  The present inventors applied the revetment structure proposed in Patent Documents 5 to 6 to the existing concrete revetment along the coast of Tokyo Bay. It was possible to increase the number of goby and eels that were used as food, and to confirm that the proposed revetment structure was effective in creating and restoring a diverse land-land boundary area. For example, when repairing or reinforcing an existing revetment built by a conventional construction method, if a new revetment is built in front of the existing revetment and the above-mentioned panel material and backfill material are added to form a symbiotic revetment structure, It can be expected to create and restore a diverse ecosystem nearby that was lost by the revetment of the conventional construction method.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 7-034031 JP 11-229342 A JP 11-229343 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-253647 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-293646 JP 2000-336625 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-293643

  However, as described above, the existing revetment is repaired and reinforced with a new revetment, and the construction method to add symbiosis and settlement of organisms by adding panel materials and backfilling materials is a bio-retaining function in addition to normal repair and reinforcement. This requires a two-stage construction to add a lengthy process, which increases the construction cost accordingly. Some of the existing revetments have been aged and deteriorated more than 20 years after construction, and the number of those requiring repair and reinforcement work including earthquake resistance is increasing. Adopting a construction method that requires a long process and high costs in repairing and reinforcing works tends to be avoided even if it has the added value of being able to coexist and establish living organisms. In order to promote the transition of existing revetments to symbiotic revetments and create and restore diverse ecosystems, normal repairs and reinforcements are carried out without impairing the effectiveness of the symbiotic revetment structure described above. It is necessary to develop a symbiotic revetment method that can be constructed at the same construction period and cost as construction.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a symbiotic revetment that can be economically constructed in a short construction period and a symbiotic revetment panel material suitable for the revetment.

  Referring to the embodiment of FIG. 1, the symbiotic revetment panel material according to the present invention has a plurality of organism access holes 12 penetrating from the front surface 10a to the back surface 10b, and the back surface 10b is formed on the revetment 3 (or 2, FIG. 2 and FIG. 6), the bag-like space connected to the biological entrance / exit hole 12 in close contact with the surroundings of the biological entrance / exit hole 12 on the panel material 10, which is installed facing the water contact surface at a required interval d. The pocket 14 is attached so as to be formed, and the backfill material 15 is filled and sealed in the bag-like space of the pocket 14.

  Preferably, concrete 18a (see FIG. 2), soil 18b (see FIG. 6), and other fillers 18 are embedded between the panel material 10 and the revetment 3 (or 2). As shown in FIG. 3, the back surface 10b of the panel material 10 can be provided with a protrusion 10e that is embedded and fixed in the filler 18. The pocket 14 can be made of rubber, synthetic resin, cloth, paper, wood, metal, or the like. As shown in FIG. 1A, a back-filling material inlet 14a that can be sealed can be provided at the upper end of the pocket. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the pockets 14 can be attached so as to individually cover the surroundings of the organism entrance / exit holes 12 of the panel material 10, but as shown in FIG. It can also be attached so as to cover the periphery of the biological access hole 12 in common. Desirably, as shown in an ellipse D portion of FIG. 1 (A), a back-filling material 16 having a particle diameter smaller than the diameter of the biological entrance / exit hole 12 is filled and sealed in at least a part of the bag-like space of the pocket 14. A temporary plug 17 is provided for temporarily closing the biological access hole 12 connected to the bag-like space of the pocket 14.

  1 and FIG. 2, the symbiotic revetment according to the present invention is a revetment 3 (or 2, see FIGS. 2 and 6) in contact with running water, a plurality of penetrating from the front surface 10a to the back surface 10b. The panel material 10 is provided with a biological entry / exit hole 12 and the back surface 10b is opposed to the water contact surface of the revetment 3 (or 2) at a required interval d, around the biological entry / exit hole 12 on the back surface 10b of the panel material 10 A pocket 14 attached so as to form a bag-like space connected to the biological entrance / exit hole 12, a backfill material 15 filled and enclosed in the bag-like space of the pocket 14, and the panel material 10 and the revetment 3 (or 2) Concrete 18a (see FIG. 2), soil 18b (see FIG. 6), and other fillers 18 that are embedded between and integrated with each other are provided.

  For example, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the revetment 3 is a steel pipe sheet pile 3a or a steel sheet pile 3c having an uneven horizontal cross section, and the protrusion of the pocket 14 on the back surface 10b of the panel material 10 is a steel pipe joint 3b of the steel pipe sheet pile 3a. The facing positions of the sheet pile 3a and the panel material 10 are aligned so as to be fitted, or as shown in FIG. 5A, the protrusion of the pocket 14 on the back surface 10b of the panel material 10 is fitted with the recess 3d of the steel sheet pile 3c. Thus, the facing position of the sheet pile 3c and the panel material 10 can be aligned. As shown in FIG. 2, the top edge of the panel material 14 may be higher than the top edge of the revetment 3, and the revetment 3 may be embedded in the filling material 18 by embedding a filler 18 above the revetment 3.

  Preferably, as shown in FIG. 7, a stair-like structure 20 having a flat field 21 with a depression 22 or without a depression 22 is provided on the water bottom E on the surface 10 a side of the panel member 10. The step-like structure 20 is, for example, a stone masonry structure provided with a flat field 21 with or without a depression 22 as shown in FIG. 7A, FIG. 7C, or FIG. As shown to G), it can be set as the laminated structure of the base 24a, 24b, 24c which has the top surface 25 with the hollow 22 or without the hollow 22. FIG.

  The biosymbiotic revetment panel material and the biosymbiotic type revetment according to the present invention form a bag-like space connected to the biological entry / exit hole 12 around the biological entry / exit hole 12 on the back surface 10b of the panel material 10 having a plurality of organism entry / exit holes 12. The pocket 14 is attached in close contact, and the back-filling material 15 is filled and sealed in the bag-like space of the pocket 14, and the back surface 10 b of the panel material 10 is placed facing the water contact surface of the revetment 3 at a required interval d. And since the filler 18 is embedded between the panel material 10 and the revetment 3 and both are integrated, there exists the following advantageous effect.

(A) One stage of embedding the filler material 18 between the panel material 10 and the revetment 3 by using the panel material 10 to which the pocket 14 and the backfill material 15 are added as a kind of formwork. It is possible to construct a symbiotic revetment in this construction, and shorten the construction period and cost compared to the conventional construction method of a symbiotic revetment that requires two stages of construction.
(B) Since the pockets 14 are attached to the back surface 10b of the panel material 10, the back-filling material 15 can be disposed at an appropriate position for the fixation of the organism, and the back-filling material 15 is provided on the entire back side of the panel material 10. Compared to the conventional method of packing the material, the construction of the backfill material 15 can be simplified and the amount of use of the backfill material 15 can be reduced.
(C) Since the pocket 14 serving as a living habitat is embedded in the filling material 18, it is necessary to secure an interval d corresponding to the protrusion of the pocket 14 between the revetment 3 and the panel material 10. For example, by projecting the pocket 14 using the sheet pile 3 having the joint portion 3b) of the steel pipe sheet pile 3a, the protruding width of the panel material 10 with respect to the revetment 3 (change width of the revetment normal) can be kept small. it can.
(D) Not only when constructing a new symbiotic revetment, but also by applying a symbiotic revetment panel material to an existing revetment where repair or reinforcement is required, for example, repairing and reinforcing the existing revetment, and at the same time -It is possible to add a fixing function.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments and examples for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It is explanatory drawing of one Example of the revetment panel material for biosymbiosis of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of one Example of the biosymbiotic type revetment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the other Example of the revetment panel material for symbiosis of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the construction method of the biosymbiotic type revetment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the opposing position alignment method of a biosymbiotic type revetment panel material and a sheet pile. It is explanatory drawing of the other Example of the biosymbiotic type revetment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the step-like structure provided in the front side water bottom of the revetment panel material for symbiosis.

  FIG.1 and FIG.3 shows the Example of the revetment panel material 10 for symbiosis of this invention. The panel material 10 in the illustrated example is, for example, a concrete secondary product (such as a precast panel using a rust-proof reinforcing bar) having a width of 2 m, a height of 3.5 m, and a thickness of about 10 to 20 cm. 11 is formed, and a plurality of biological access holes 12 penetrating from the front surface 10a to the back surface 10b are formed in the concave portion of the stone pattern. Similar to the panel materials disclosed in Patent Documents 5 and 6, it is desirable to form a large number of small depressions on the surface of the masonry pattern 11 that serve as scaffolds for organisms such as crabs and / or attachment sites for plants such as algae. It is desirable that the biological entrance / exit hole 12 has a shape in which rainwater does not easily enter (for example, an entrance / exit hole having a reduced diameter portion in the middle). However, the material, shape, and size of the panel material 10 are not limited to the illustrated example. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 4, a plurality of panel materials 10 are arranged in the width direction via the panel material joint portions 10 c and 10 d. In addition, the shape and size can be freely adjusted by connecting in the height direction.

  A pocket 14 is attached to the back surface 10 b of the revetment panel material 10 so as to form a bag-like space that is in close contact with the periphery of each biological entrance / exit hole 12 and continues to the entrance / exit hole 12. The pocket 14 is filled with a backfill material 15 suitable for living organisms in a bag-like space, and when a filler 18 such as concrete or soil is embedded on the back side of the panel material 10 as will be described later, This is for securing a bag-like space in which the filler 18 is not filled on the back side of the hole 12. The shape of the pocket 14 can be one that individually covers the periphery of each biological entrance / exit hole 12 as shown in FIG. 1, or one that covers the periphery of two or more biological entrance / exit holes 12 as shown in FIG. 3. As shown in FIG. 3, the pocket 14 covering the biological entrance / exit 12 is attached by aligning the vicinity of the bottom surface of the pocket 14 with at least one of the entrance / exit 12 (for example, the lowest entrance / exit 12 of the panel material 10), Furthermore, it is desirable that mud or the like deposited on the bottom surface in the pocket 14 can be discharged from the access hole 12 by inclining the bottom surface of the pocket 14 so as to become lower toward the access hole 12. The individual pocket 14 as shown in FIG. 1 is suitable for filling and enclosing a different type of backfill material 15 for each biological access hole 12, but the filling operation of the backfill material 15 is somewhat troublesome. On the other hand, when the common pocket 14 as shown in FIG. 3 is used, the common backfill material 15 is filled and sealed in the plurality of biological entrance / exit holes 12, but the efficiency of the filling operation of the backfill material 15 can be improved. The individual pockets 14 shown in FIG. 1 and the common pocket 14 shown in FIG. 3 can be appropriately dispersed on the back surface 10b of the panel material 10.

  The material of the pocket 12 is not particularly limited as long as it does not permeate the filler 18 and is not disliked by the organism that inhabits the bag-like space. For example, the backfill material 15 having various shapes can be filled. It can be made of flexible rubber, synthetic resin, cloth, or paper such as cardboard. Since the flexible pocket 12 can be folded until the backfill material 15 is filled, there is an advantage that a space is not taken up during the transportation and storage of the panel material 10 before construction. However, the pocket 12 can be made of rigid wood or plastic, and the pocket 12 may be made of metal as long as it is rust-proofed.

  The periphery of the pocket 14 is closely adhered to the periphery of the biological access hole 12 so that the filler 18 does not enter the bag-like space and is fixed with an adhesive or the like (the portion indicated by the dotted hatching in FIGS. 1 and 3). As shown in FIG. 1 (A), it is desirable to provide a sealable inlet 14a at a part of the upper end. For example, when manufacturing the panel material 10 in a factory or the like, the pocket 14 on the back surface 10b is also installed and fixed. However, by providing a sealable inlet 14a in a part of the pocket 14, the panel material 10 is After carrying in the revetment construction site, it becomes possible to fill the pocket 14 with the backfill material 15 according to the characteristics of the organisms that inhabit the site. However, when it is not necessary to adjust the backfilling material 15 at the construction site, the backfilling material 15 is filled and enclosed in the pocket 14 in advance in a factory or the like, and the panel material 10, the pocket 14 and the backfilling material 15 are integrated. Good product.

The backfill material 15 embedded and enclosed in the pocket 14 can be appropriately selected from, for example, earth and sand, gravel, crushed stone, shells, concrete waste, etc. according to the characteristics of living organisms, and is particularly a material mainly composed of natural calcium. Is desirable. In addition, local soil suitable for the growth of organisms may be included. According to the inventor's experiment, if the back pocketing material 3 composed of crushed stones and shells (oyster shells) of various sizes is filled and sealed in the common pocket 14 as shown in FIG. It is possible to provide habitat for small animals such as crabs, shrimps, and sea breams that enter the gaps. In addition, by using the backfill material 15 mainly composed of calcium such as shells and granular limestone for shellfish, crustaceans such as shrimps and crabs, and organisms that form exoskeletons with calcium such as corals, Calcium can be dissolved in water and supplied to promote the formation of the skeleton of organisms. In addition, when forming the exoskeleton of calcium carbonate (CaCO ₃ ), carbon dioxide (CO ₃ ⁻ ) dissolved in water together with calcium (Ca ⁺ ) is also taken into the living organism, so that the acidification of water areas accompanying global warming The effect that leads to prevention can be expected. When individual pockets 14 are provided as shown in FIG. 1, by providing different kinds of backfilling materials 15 corresponding to the height (tide level) for each organism entrance / exit hole 12, it is provided to a wider variety of organisms. can do.

  Further, as shown in an ellipse portion D of FIG. 1A, the biological access hole 12 connected to at least a part of the pockets 14 is temporarily closed with a temporary stopper 17 and then placed in the bag-like space of the pockets 14. The backfill material 16 having a particle diameter smaller than the diameter of the biological entrance / exit hole 12 is filled and sealed, and after filling material 18 is placed on the back side of the panel material 10, the temporary stopper 17 is released and the backfill material 16 is placed in the biological entrance / exit hole. It is also possible to form voids in the filler 18 without a backfill material suitable for the living space of living organisms such as goby and eel, for example, by draining or sucking out from 12.

  As shown in FIG. 5, for example, the revetment panel member 10 of FIGS. 1 and 3 is opposed to the front surface (water contact surface) of the existing revetment 3 by a required distance d and locked by a locking member 13. By embedding a filler 18 such as concrete 18a between the revetment 3 as a mold, it can be integrated with the revetment 3. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, a protrusion 10e is provided on the bottom of the back surface 10b of the panel member 10, and for example, as shown in FIG. 6, the protrusion 10e is formed on the water bottom or foundation 30 on the front surface (water contact surface) of the existing revetment 2. After mounting, the panel material 10 and the revetment 2 can be integrated by embedding the filler 18 such as soil 18b between the revetment 2 and the like. In other words, the existing revetment 2 and 3 are repaired and reinforced and the panel material 10 and the backfill material 15 are not added to the two-stage construction. It is possible to repair and reinforce the revetments 2 and 3 and at the same time add the symbiosis and colonization function of living organisms, making the existing revetments 2 and 3 into a biosymbiotic revetment with the same construction period and cost as normal repair and reinforcement work. can do.

  FIG. 2 shows the symbiotic revetment 1 of the present invention newly constructed by using the revetment panel material 10 of FIG. 1 or 3 on the front (water contact surface) side of the existing revetment 2 requiring deterioration repair or seismic reinforcement. Examples of Hereinafter, with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 4, the construction procedure of the symbiotic revetment 1 of FIG. 2 will be described. First, as shown in FIG. 4 (A), after excavating the bottom of the front of the existing revetment 2 and improving the ground if necessary, a new steel pipe sheet pile 3a is driven along the front of the existing revetment 2 Build a revetment 3. Construction of such a sheet pile revetment 3 can be performed from the flowing water side of the existing revetment 2 using a trolley with a crane or the like. An appropriate revetment backfilling work 5 is applied to the space between the piled sheet pile 3a and the existing revetment 2. The anticorrosion treatment for the sheet pile 3a is basically unnecessary because the surface is covered with the panel material 10 and the concrete 18a, as will be described later, but a portion of 2-3 m below the low tide line not covered with the panel material 10 and the concrete 18a. It is desirable to apply a heavy-duty anticorrosive coating 4. Moreover, it is desirable to install the rubble foundation 30 in the excavated water bottom on the front side of the sheet pile 3a. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the top plate 7 connected to the top of the existing revetment 2 is provided above the sheet pile 3 a so as to be used as a green space or a promenade, so that the top of the sheet pile 3 a is more than the top of the existing revetment 2. I'm driving in a low position.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 4 (B), the revetment panel material 10 is opposed to the surface (water contact surface) of the sheet pile revetment 3 in parallel with the required distance d, and the panel material as shown in FIG. 4 (C). Back-filling materials 15 and 16 such as crushed stones and shells (oyster shells) are filled and sealed in the pocket 14 on the back surface 10b of the base 10 from the upper end. Alternatively, if this construction procedure is reversed and the backfill materials 15 and 16 are filled and sealed in the pocket 14 of the panel material 10 in the adjacent area of the revetment, the panel material 10 is locked to the front surface of the sheet pile revetment 3. Good. An interval d corresponding to the protrusion of the pocket 14 must be ensured between the sheet pile revetment 3 and the panel material 10. For example, a steel pipe sheet pile 3 a is used as shown in FIGS. 1 (C) and 3 (C). If there is a pocket, the pocket 14 is large enough to inhabit organisms by aligning the opposing positions of the steel pipe sheet pile 3a and the panel material 10 so that the protrusion of the pocket 14 fits with the steel pipe joint 3b of the steel pipe sheet pile 3a. The projecting width of the panel material 10 with respect to the revetment 3 (change width of the revetment normal) can be kept small while securing 14 bag-shaped spaces. For example, when the panel material 10 is manufactured in a factory or the like, such alignment is performed by adjusting the installation position of the biological access hole 12 and the pocket 14 according to the diameter of the steel pipe sheet pile 3a (interval of the joint portion 3b). It can be handled relatively easily.

  Moreover, also when the steel sheet pile (U-type steel sheet pile, Z-type steel sheet pile, etc.) 3c with an uneven | corrugated horizontal cross section is used like FIG. 5 (A), the protrusion of the pocket 14 fits with the recessed part 3d of the steel sheet pile 3c. By aligning the sheet pile 3c and the panel material 10 to each other, the protruding width of the panel material 10 with respect to the revetment 3 can be kept small. When the linear steel sheet pile 3e as shown in FIG. 5B is used, the protruding width can be minimized by pressing the pocket 14 of the panel material 10 against the steel sheet pile 3e. Furthermore, when the steel pipe sheet pile 3a is used, the protruding width can be adjusted by reducing the diameter of the steel pipe as necessary.

  In addition, in the Example of FIG.1 (C) and FIG.3 (C), the locking pile 13, such as several H steel, is driven in the ground or the water bottom of the front of the revetment 3, and the locking pile 13 is made with a belly raising material etc. In addition, the panel material 10 is locked against the revetment 3 by fitting and dropping grooves at both ends in the width direction of the panel material 10 between the pair of locking piles 13. However, the locking method of the panel material 10 is not limited to this embodiment. For example, as shown in FIG. 4B, a stud 9 is attached to a steel pipe sheet pile 3a or the like by welding or the like, and the panel material is attached to the stud 9. 10 may be locked to face the revetment 3.

  After filling and enclosing the backfill material 3 in the pocket 14 of the revetment panel material 10 locked to the front surface of the revetment 3, as shown in FIG. 4 (D), between the sheet pile revetment 3 with the panel material 10 as a formwork As shown in FIG. 4E, the biosymbiotic revetment 1 in which the sheet pile revetment 3 and the panel material 10 are integrated is constructed by placing concrete 18a on the surface. Preferably, as shown in FIG. 2, the top edge of the panel material 10 is set to a height higher than the top edge of the sheet pile revetment 3, and the temporary formwork 19 (FIG. 1 (C) and FIG. C)) is provided, and concrete 18a is placed between the panel material 10 and the temporary formwork 19, and the revetment 3 is embedded in the concrete 18a. By embedding the sheet pile revetment 3 in the concrete 18a, corrosion of the sheet pile revetment 3 due to seawater and the like can be prevented, and the upper part of the revetment 3 can be used as a green space or a promenade connected to the top of the existing revetment 2 Become. Reference numerals 7 and 8 in the illustrated example indicate a top board used as a promenade and its fall prevention fence. Appropriate sorting work 6 is applied to the space between the concrete 18 a from which the temporary formwork 19 has been removed and the existing revetment 2.

  In the symbiotic revetment 1 of the present invention, a symbiotic revetment panel material 10 to which a pocket 14 and a backfilling material 15 are added is installed on the water contact surface of the revetment 3, and the revetment 3 is used as a formwork. A symbiotic revetment in which the revetment 3 and the panel material 10 are integrated can be constructed by a one-stage construction in which a filler such as concrete 18a is embedded between the two and the conventional construction requiring two-stage construction. Compared to the construction method, the construction period can be shortened and the construction cost can be reduced. Further, since the backfill material 15 is filled and enclosed in the pocket 14 attached to the panel material 10, the construction of the backfill material 15 is simplified as compared with the conventional method in which the backfill material 15 is packed in the entire back side of the panel material 10. And the amount of the backfill material 15 used can be reduced. Furthermore, it is possible not only to construct a new symbiotic revetment, but also to provide a symbiotic / settlement function for living organisms at the same time as repairing / reinforcing the existing revetment 3. Effective use can also be expected to promote the transition to revetments and create and restore diverse ecosystems. In addition, the concrete 18a used in the present invention can include fluidized soil, a soil hardener composition mainly composed of light-burned magnesia, and other cement-based caking fluids.

  Thus, the provision of “a symbiotic revetment that can be economically constructed in a short construction period and a symbiotic revetment panel material suitable for the revetment”, which is the object of the present invention, can be achieved.

  Fig. 6 shows a book constructed using the revetment panel material 10 of Fig. 3 in order to provide a symbiosis and settlement function for living things when repairing and reinforcing the existing revetment 2 projecting in a pier shape in the sea or lake. The other Example of the biosymbiotic type revetment 1 of invention is shown. In this construction as well as in the case of Fig. 4 (B), after excavating the bottom of the one side surface (water contact surface) of the revetment 2 and installing the rubble foundation 30 as necessary, the surface of the revetment 2 and the required The revetment panel material 10 is installed so as to face each other at an interval d. As shown in FIG. 3, the panel member 10 in the illustrated example has a protrusion 10e that is embedded and fixed in the filler 18 at the bottom of the back surface 10b, and the protrusion 10e is formed on the excavated water bottom or foundation 30. By mounting, the panel material 10 can be stably made to face the revetment 3 in parallel. Moreover, the panel material 10 can be inclined with respect to the revetment 3 by adjusting the angle of the protrusion part 10e which protrudes from the panel material 10 (for example, it is set as an acute angle).

  Next, in the same manner as in FIGS. 4C to 4D, an appropriate backfill material 15 is filled and sealed in the pocket 14 on the back surface 10 b of the installed panel material 10, and then between the panel material 10 and the revetment 2. By embedding the soil 18b and embedding the protrusion 10e of the panel material 10 in the soil 18b, the symbiotic revetment 1 integrated with the revetment 2 is constructed. As in the illustrated example, a top board 7 may be further installed above the buried soil 18b to form a boardwalk. The symbiotic revetment 1 shown in FIG. 6 is also constructed by a one-step construction in which a symbiotic revetment panel material 10 to which a pocket 14 and a backfilling material 15 are added is installed on the water surface of the revetment 2 and the soil 18b is embedded. It is possible to reduce the construction period and cost of the symbiotic revetment.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, a rubble foundation 30 is laid on the bottom of the existing revetment 2 (water contact surface), and the revetment panel material 10 is driven into the rubble foundation 30 and the bottom of the panel material 10 on the front side. E is provided with a staircase structure 20 having a flat field 21 with or without a depression 22 in an intertidal zone (a zone between the high tide level HWL and a low tide level LWL) or below the intertidal zone, The symbiotic revetment 1 includes 20 and the revetment panel material 10.

  Conventionally, tide pools and terraces (dried tidal flats) that appear on the surface of the water according to the tide level are provided in front of the seawalls, etc. in a staircase, and the diversity of organisms in the vicinity of the seawalls using the tide pools and terraces. A construction method has been proposed (see Patent Document 7). In addition, if the present inventors construct a stepped tide pool and terrace in front of the symbiotic revetment 1 described above, it is extremely effective for creating a diverse ecosystem near the revetment. It is confirmed that. For example, as shown in FIG. 7A, a flat ground 21 having a depression 22 is provided around the average tide level MWL in front of the revetment 1, and sand mud 28 or the like is placed in the depression 22 so as to provide an “exposed tidal flat structure” 20a. If so, it is possible to breed living organisms living in sandy mud such as sandworms, bivalves and crabs. Further, as shown in FIG. 7C, if a flat field 21 having a depression 22 in which water 29 accumulates is provided at a position lower than the dry tidal flat structure 20a around the average tide level MWL, a “tide pool structure” 20b is obtained. Effective for breeding mahaze, eel, shrimp, crabs, etc. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 7 (E), if a flat field 21 having no depression 22 is provided below the low tide level LWL to form a “hang-up” structure 20c, oxygen production is promoted by photosynthesis accompanying the growth of algae, and mahaze It can be a good growth environment such as shrimp and crab.

  However, the conventional method of constructing the dry tidal flat structure 20a and the tidal pool structure 20b in front of the symbiotic revetment 1 is to construct a masonry structure in front of the revetment 1 after completing the construction work. Since it was necessary to construct a tidal pool and a terrace, the construction period was long, which caused construction costs to increase. As described above, according to the present invention, the symbiotic revetment 1 can be constructed in a short construction period, and the symbiotic revetment 1 including the dried tidal flat structure 20a and the tidal pool structure 20b is compared with the conventional construction method. Can be built economically in a short time. However, the conventional construction method of constructing a tide pool or terrace with a stone structure is inevitably long and expensive as compared with the repair / reinforcement work of a normal revetment.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 2, pedestals 24 a, 24 b, 24 c having a top surface 25 with or without a recess 22 are used instead of the dry tidal structure 20 a, the tidal pool structure 20 b, and the hanging structure 20 c having a masonry structure. It is possible to reduce the construction period and construction cost of the construction of the symbiotic revetment 1 including dry tidal flats and tidal pools. For example, as shown in FIG. 7B, if a pedestal (for example, a pedestal made of concrete) 24 having a top surface 25 with a depression 22 is used and sand mud 28 or the like is placed in the depression 22, FIG. ) And “exposed tidal flat structural member” 24a. Further, a pedestal 24 having a top surface 25 with a depression 22 as shown in FIG. 7D is used as a “tidal pool structural member” 24b similar to FIG. 7C, and a depression as shown in FIG. A pedestal 24 having a top surface 25 without 22 can be used as a “hang-up structure member” 24c similar to FIG. Such pedestals 24a, 24b, and 24c can be manufactured in advance as a product such as concrete in a factory or the like in consideration of the area of the revetment front to be constructed, the water depth, and the like. In addition, the bases 24a and 24b can be provided with appropriate notches 26 or drain holes 27 to provide water permeability similar to that of a conventional masonry structure.

  For example, when the concrete 18 is placed between the sheet pile 3 and the panel 10 (see FIG. 4D), the symbiotic revetment 1 shown in FIG. 2 has the pedestals 24a, 24b, and 24c manufactured in advance at a factory or the like. By placing one of them at a desired location below or below the intertidal zone on the rubble foundation 30, a symbiotic revetment 1 including dry tidal flats, tide pools, and hanging up is constructed in a substantially one-step construction. It can be constructed with substantially the same construction period and cost as normal repair and reinforcement work. Moreover, it is also possible to construct a plurality of dry tidal flats, tidal pools, and puddles simultaneously using a plurality of pedestals 24a, 24b, and 24c. Further, as shown in FIGS. 7 (G) and 7 (H), a plurality of pedestals 24a, 24b, and 24c are arbitrarily combined and stacked using an appropriate column or wall-shaped laminated member 24d, and are relatively narrow. It is possible to create a habitat for living organisms that could not be realized with conventional stone masonry structures by stacking the dry tidal flat structure, tidal pool structure, and rising structure on the laying area. Effective use can be expected to promote the transition to symbiotic revetments and to create and restore diverse ecosystems.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Symbiosis type revetment 2 ... Existing revetment 3 ... Revetment (sheet pile revetment) 3a ... Steel pipe sheet pile 3b ... Steel pipe joint part 3c ... U type or Z type steel sheet pile 3d ... Recess 3e ... Linear steel sheet pile 4 ... Anticorrosion coating 5 ... Revetment Back cover 6 ... Arrangement 7 ... Top plate 8 ... Fall prevention fence 9 ... Stud 10 ... Panel material 10a ... Panel material surface 10b ... Panel material back surface 10c, 10d ... Panel material joint 10e ... Projection 11 ... Masonry pattern 12 ... Biological access hole 13 ... Locking member 14 ... Pocket 14a ... Inlet 15 ... Back filling material 16 ... Small particle size back filling material 17 ... Temporary plug 18 ... Filling material 18a ... Concrete 18b ... Soil 19 ... Temporary formwork 20 ... Stair-like structure 20a ... Exposed tidal flat structure 20b ... Tide pool structure 20c ... Hook structure 21 ... Flat ground 22 ... Dimple 24 ... Pedestal 24a ... Dried tidal flat structure member 24b ... Tidal pool structure member 24c ... Cake up Concrete member 24d ... lamination members 25 ... top surface 26 ... cutout 27 ... drain hole 28 ... mud 29 ... water 30 ... riprap foundation

Claims (13)

A panel material that has a plurality of biological access holes penetrating from the front surface to the back surface, and the back surface faces the water contact surface of the revetment at a required interval, and is in close contact with the periphery of the biological access holes on the back surface of the panel material A symbiotic revetment panel material comprising a pocket attached so as to form a bag-like space continuous with the back and a backfill material filled and enclosed in the bag-like space. 2. The symbiotic revetment panel material according to claim 1, wherein concrete, soil, or other filler is integrated between the panel material and the revetment. 3. The symbiotic revetment panel material according to claim 2, wherein a protrusion is provided on the back surface of the panel material to be embedded and fixed in the filler. The symbiotic revetment panel material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a sealable backfill material inlet is provided at an upper end of the pocket. The symbiotic revetment panel material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pocket is made of rubber, synthetic resin, cloth, paper, wood, or metal. The panel material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the pocket is attached so as to individually cover the periphery of each organism entrance / exit hole of the panel material, or attached so as to cover the periphery of two or more organism entrance / exit holes in common. Revetment panel material for symbiosis. The panel material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a back-filling material having a particle size smaller than the diameter of the biological access hole is filled and sealed in at least a part of the bag-like space of the pocket, and the bag-like space of the pocket. A symbiotic revetment panel material provided with a temporary stopper that temporarily closes the biological access hole. A revetment that is in contact with running water, a panel material that has a plurality of biological access holes that penetrate from the front surface to the back surface, and the back surface of the revetment faces the water contact surface of the revetment at a required interval, around the access hole on the back surface of the panel material A pocket attached so as to form a bag-like space that is in close contact with the entrance / exit hole, a backfill material filled and sealed in the bag-like space, and a concrete that is embedded between the panel material and the revetment to integrate both A symbiotic revetment with soil and other fillers. In revetment according to claim 8, the rear surface of the panel material, biological symbiotic revetment formed by providing a projection portion for fixing embedded in the filler. The revetment according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the revetment is a steel pipe sheet pile driven along the shore or a steel sheet pile with an uneven horizontal cross section, and the protrusion of the pocket on the back surface of the panel material is a steel pipe joint part of the steel pipe sheet pile or a concave part of the steel sheet pile. A symbiotic revetment where the facing positions of the sheet pile and panel material are aligned so that they fit together. 11. A symbiotic revetment according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the top end of the panel material is at a height higher than the top end of the revetment, and the revetment is embedded in the filler. The revetment according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein a symbiotic type is provided on the bottom of the water-contacting surface of the panel material, which has a stepped structure having a flat field with or without a tidal zone or a tidal zone or less. Revetment. The revetment according to claim 12, wherein the stepped structure is a stone structure or a laminated structure of a pedestal having a top surface with a dent or no dent.

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