JP5399111B2 - Method and apparatus for laying heavy objects - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for laying heavy objects such as concrete blocks and an apparatus therefor. For example, when a box culvert or a water channel is constructed by horizontally drawing a precast concrete block to a predetermined position and connecting the blocks. Can be used.

  One of the applicants is that horizontal pulling using steel balls as friction reducing means as a rational method of laying precast concrete pipes used in sewage trunks constructed under narrow roads in urban areas, etc. A construction method is being developed (see Patent Document 1).

  According to this construction method, after the excavation tunnel part is constructed, a box culvert carrying unit as a unit pipe is provided in a small space on the ground, and the box culvert carried from there is laterally pulled to a predetermined connection position, It is possible to quickly construct a connected pipe rod.

  Moreover, there exists invention of patent document 2-6 as what improved or applied the horizontal drawing method described in the said patent document 1, for example.

  FIG. 12 shows an example in which the conventional horizontal drawing method is applied to the construction of a water channel. In this example, two groove-like rails 23 are provided in parallel on the upper surface of the foundation concrete 22 where the U-shaped precast concrete block 21 constituting the water channel is installed (in the illustrated example, the upper portion of the foundation concrete 22 is provided). H-shaped steel is embedded horizontally, and a groove is formed on the upper side of the H-shaped steel web to form a rail 23). Bearing balls (using steel balls or the like) 24 having a diameter of about 11 mm are dispersed in the groove of the rail 23. The guide portion 25 protruding from the lower surface of the precast concrete block 21 suspended by a crane or the like is placed on the bearing ball 24, and pulled horizontally using a winch or the like. To the connecting position, connect to the precast concrete block laid first, and build a waterway .

  Normally, a grout injection hole 27 is provided in the bottom plate portion of the precast concrete block 21, and mortar is filled in the gap between the basic concrete 22 and the block 21 from the grout injection hole 27, thereby fixing the water channel to the basic concrete 22. To do.

JP-A-10-102570 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-293938 JP 2002-235363 A JP-A-2005-090226 JP 2007-262848 A JP 2007-332599 A

  By the way, the conventional horizontal drawing method described in patent documents 1-6 is horizontal drawing of the concrete block along two rails spaced apart similarly to the case of FIG.

  When two rails are provided, stability is good if the two rails support both sides of the block, but for that purpose, it is necessary to install the two rails straight and in parallel. It takes time and is expensive.

  Further, when the block cannot be pulled straight due to site conditions and other construction conditions, it is necessary to widen the groove width of the rail or to move it with a crane, which makes it difficult to perform curve construction.

  The present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems, and has a simpler mechanism, better workability and economic efficiency than conventional horizontal pulling methods, and can cope with sharp curve construction and bending construction. An object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for laying heavy objects.

In the method for laying heavy objects according to claim 1 of the present application, groove rails are provided in the vicinity of one or more rails on the heavy material laying surface, and spherical bodies are laid in the rails so that they can roll. One or a plurality of auxiliary wheels capable of running on the laying surface with the rear portion of the heavy load supported by a spherical body in the vicinity of or including the center of gravity of the heavy load or in front of the gravity center. The heavy object is moved along the rail in a combined support state of a spherical body and an auxiliary wheel supported by, and is laid at a predetermined position.

  As heavy objects, we are considering precast concrete block products that mainly constitute pipe culverts such as box culverts, or open channels such as waterways, etc., but not only for concrete products but also for moving and laying heavy objects made of other materials. Is also available.

  The material and dimensions of the rail and the spherical body are not particularly limited, and the rail and the spherical body in the conventional horizontal drawing method can be used as they are.

In the most typical form, a single rail is provided in the middle of the heavy object in the width direction (perpendicular to the moving direction), and two auxiliary wheels are attached to both ends of the heavy object in the width direction. It is a form that moves in the state of support. In sharp curve construction or bending construction, the rail is bent and arranged, and it is rotated around a place supported by a spherical body such as a steel ball, and smoothly pulled horizontally. Can be moved.
The heavy load laying method according to claim 2 of the present application is limited to the above-described typical form, and the rail is provided in the middle of the width direction of the heavy load, and the auxiliary wheel is the 2. Two heavy objects are attached to each of both ends in the width direction of the rear part of the heavy object, and the heavy object is moved along the rail while being supported at three points by these, and laid at a predetermined position. 1.
Further, in the heavy load laying method according to claim 3 of the present application, the heavy load is provided with a guide portion that protrudes to the lower surface side only in front of the center of gravity position of the bottom plate portion, It is a thing of Claim 2 supported by the said guide part and the said spherical body.

  Moreover, when the weight of a heavy article is large and is unstable with one rail, two or more rails may be provided. In that case, if a plurality of rails are provided close to each other, the above-mentioned sharp curve construction and bending construction can be performed without any trouble.

In addition, it is also possible to disperse the load of heavy objects by providing three or more auxiliary wheels. In addition, when the weight of the heavy object is not so large, the rail is provided not at the center in the width direction of the heavy object but at an eccentric position from the center of gravity of the heavy object, and is provided on the opposite side to the center of gravity of the heavy object. It is also possible to support by a wheel (two-point support by a bearing and an auxiliary wheel).
The method for laying a heavy load according to claim 4 of the present application is limited to such a case, and the rail is provided eccentrically from the center of gravity of the heavy load instead of the center in the width direction of the heavy load, One auxiliary wheel is provided on the opposite side of the rail provided eccentric with respect to the center of gravity of the heavy object, and the heavy object is moved along the rail while being supported at two points by the auxiliary wheel. It is laying in, It is a thing of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned.

  A commercially available caster or the like can be used as the auxiliary wheel, but it is preferable that the auxiliary wheel is detachable with a bolt or the like.

In the method for laying heavy objects according to claim 5 of the present application , groove rails are provided in the vicinity of one or more rails on the heavy material laying surface, and spherical bodies are laid in the rails so that they can roll. A friction reducing means is provided, and the vicinity including the center of gravity of the heavy object is supported by a spherical body, and the rear part of the heavy object can run on the laying surface, and the heavy object is perpendicular to the laying direction. The heavy object is moved along the rail in a combined support state with a spherical body and an auxiliary wheel supported by one or a plurality of auxiliary wheels having a function of preventing the vehicle from falling down, and is laid at a predetermined position. It is what.

  Although the basic configuration is the same as that of claim 1, the auxiliary wheel has a function of preventing the heavy load from falling in a direction perpendicular to the laying direction when it is supported near the center of gravity of the heavy load. do it.

  In other words, by supporting the vicinity including the center of gravity of a heavy object with a spherical body, the auxiliary wheel is merely a jig for preventing overturning, and when the heavy object is stationary, it is on the spherical body without the auxiliary wheel. Since the auxiliary wheel is lightweight on the guide and the auxiliary wheel is light, the heavy load can be attached to and detached from the heavy load very easily when the heavy load is stationary on the guide.

Laying method of the weight of the present invention can be preferably applied to the laying of heavy, such as precast concrete blocks that make up the user box culverts and waterways.

  These are actually constructed by the above-described conventional horizontal pulling method, but by using the method of the present invention, construction efficiency and cost reduction can be achieved.

The heavy load laying method according to claim 6 of the present application is limited to the heavy load laying method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the auxiliary wheel is a caster with a built-in spring. is there.

  As described above, a commercially available caster or the like can be used as the auxiliary wheel, but a caster with a built-in spring is preferable in consideration of unevenness of the moving surface and load distribution.

The heavy load laying method according to claim 7 of the present application is the heavy load laying method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the auxiliary wheel is installed inside an outer side surface of a rear portion of the heavy load. one in which was limited to the case.

  If the auxiliary wheel is installed inside the outer side (both sides) of the rear part of the heavy object, the safety and workability of the auxiliary wheel can be improved and the work space (horizontal width direction) can be reduced. This improves economy.

Laying device heavy according to claim 8 of the present application, a heavy provided with a guide portion projecting forward of the bottom plate portion lower surface side of the near or center-of-gravity position including the center of gravity position, provided on the laying surface of the heavy One or a plurality of adjacent groove-like rails, friction reducing means in which a spherical body is laid in a rollable manner in the grooves of the groove-like rails, and one or more attached to the rear part in the moving direction of the heavy object In the combined support state of the auxiliary wheel and the spherical body in which the vicinity of the heavy object including the center of gravity position or the front of the center of gravity is supported by the spherical body and the rear portion is supported by the auxiliary wheel and the auxiliary wheel, the heavy object is horizontally It is characterized by comprising a pulling means or a pushing means for moving to a position.

Laying apparatus of the claims 8, which corresponds to the device in the laying method of the weight of the claims 1, the traction means, the same conventional crosscut method, for example, use a wire and winch or the like can do. Moreover, you may push with arbitrary pushing means instead of pulling, and human power is also contained in the pushing means.

The heavy article laying device according to claim 9 of the present application is limited to the heavy article laying device according to claim 8, wherein the auxiliary wheel is a caster provided with lifting means.

In the heavy article laying device according to the ninth aspect, it is preferable that the auxiliary wheel is a caster with a built-in spring . Reasons for limitation are the same as claim 6.

Moreover, in the heavy-weight laying apparatus according to the ninth aspect, it is preferable that the auxiliary wheel is disposed on the inner side of the outer surface of the rear portion of the heavy load . Reasons for limitation are the same as claim 7. Furthermore, it is preferable that the auxiliary wheel is a caster provided with an elevating means. If the auxiliary wheel is a caster provided with lifting means, it can be installed on the laying surface while supporting a heavy object before removing the caster. Moreover, if the heavy object is laid and then removed in a raised state, the caster can be easily removed.

  In the present invention, since only one rail may be used for lateral pulling, the material cost of the rail and the labor of installation are reduced, which is economical.

  In addition, in order to move the horizontal load in a state where the heavy object is supported at one point in the vicinity of the center of gravity or in the front or a plurality of adjacent points (when a plurality of rails are provided close to each other) in the spherical body constituting the friction reducing means, Steep curve construction and bending construction can be performed smoothly.

  When there is only one rail, or when multiple rails are provided close to each other, move the block product for waterways or the block product for box culvert to the connection position, and join the blocks together. It can be easily tilted, and positioning and joining work between the blocks becomes easy.

  Since the auxiliary wheel can be removed and reused, it is economical.

1 is a perspective view when the present invention is applied to construction of a water channel as Example 1. FIG. It is sectional drawing orthogonal to the water channel extension direction in Example 1. FIG. It is explanatory drawing regarding the movement in bending construction. It is explanatory drawing regarding installation of the heavy article at the time of providing the caster which can raise / lower. It is explanatory drawing regarding installation of the heavy article using a raising / lowering apparatus. As Example 2, it is sectional drawing at the time of applying this invention to construction of a box culvert. An example of the attachment state of the caster as an auxiliary wheel is shown, (a) is a perspective view, (b) is a side view. It is a perspective view which shows the other example of the attachment state of a caster. As Example 3, it is a perspective view which shows the other form at the time of applying this invention to construction of a box culvert. As Example 4, it is explanatory drawing which showed the construction procedure at the time of applying this invention to the construction of a box culvert mainly in relation to the attachment and removal of a caster. It is explanatory drawing in the case of attaching and removing a caster by making a box culvert incline in a horizontal direction. It is sectional drawing at right angles to the waterway extension direction which shows an example at the time of applying the conventional horizontal pulling construction method to construction of a waterway.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. In addition, this invention is not limited to the form of the Example demonstrated below.

  FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the water channel extension direction when the present invention is applied to construction of a water channel, respectively.

  In this embodiment, the precast concrete block 1 constituting the water channel is a block having a U-shaped cross section, and is provided with a guide portion 5 (see FIG. 2) that protrudes to the lower surface side in front of the center of gravity of the bottom slab portion. Casters 6 are attached to both sides in the width direction of the rear end portion.

  The caster 6 includes a wheel 6a and a receiving member 6b serving as a frame, and is fastened to the precast concrete block 1 with a bolt. In this embodiment, the caster 6 is attached to the inner side of the both side surfaces of the block 1, which is advantageous in terms of safety of attachment / detachment and workability, and is economical because the work space in the width direction is suppressed. This is also advantageous.

  Although not shown in particular, the caster 6 can be made to cope with unevenness when the block 1 is moved by using a commercially available spring, and one of the wheels 6a can be lifted even in sharp curve construction or bending construction. On the other hand, the spring can be made to function.

  On the upper surface of the foundation concrete 2 on which this precast concrete block 1 is laid, a H-shaped steel is embedded horizontally in the center of the block 1 in the width direction (perpendicular to the moving direction) to form a groove-like rail 3 In addition, a bearing is formed by disposing steel balls or the like as bearing balls 4 in the groove portions.

  The bearing ball 4 supports the above-described guide portion 5 projecting from the lower surface of the block 1 and is in a three-point support state together with the two casters 6 at the rear end portion of the block 1. In this state, the block 1 is connected to the winch and the wire ( The block 1 can be moved along the rail 3 by being pulled by a not-shown) or the like. In addition, you may push out instead of pulling.

  In this case, since only one rail 3 is required, the material cost of the rail and the labor of installation are reduced, which is economical.

  In addition, since it is moved laterally while being supported by one point of the front guide portion 5 and two rear end portions of the caster 6, the sharp curve construction and the bending construction can be performed smoothly as they are.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 3, even when the rail 3 is provided with a sharp curve portion or a bent portion, the block 1 can be rotated around the position supported by the bearing ball 4, so that the horizontal pulling operation is continued as it is. can do. Note that when the precast concrete block 1 is supported in the vicinity of the center of gravity, the caster 6 may have a function of preventing the precast concrete block 1 from falling in a right angle direction.

  Installation of the block 1 after pulling or pushing out the block 1 forming the water channel to the connection position, connection between the blocks 1 and integration with the foundation concrete 2 are the same as in the case of the conventional horizontal drawing method. A gap between the lower surface and the upper surface of the foundation concrete 2 is filled with mortar or the like to fix the block 1.

At that time, as shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b), if the caster 6 is provided with lifting means so that the caster 6 can be lifted and lowered, the caster 6 is laid with the block 1 supported before the caster 6 is removed. Can be installed on the surface. Further, as shown in FIG. 4 (b), if the blocks 1 are laid and then removed while being raised, the casters 6 can be easily removed.
The raising / lowering means is not particularly limited, such as a hydraulic type, a pneumatic type, and a screw type.

  Regarding the installation of the block 1, a lifting device such as a jack may be used separately as shown in FIG. 5. In the example of FIG. 5, the lifting device 7 is installed on the rail 3 (see FIG. 5A), the lifting device 7 is raised, the load of the caster 6 is received by the lifting device 7, and the caster 6 is floated (FIG. 5 ( b)), after removing the caster 6 in this state, the elevating device 7 can be lowered to install the block 1 on the laying surface.

  FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view when the present invention is applied to the construction of a box culvert.

  Although the object of application is different, such as a water channel and a box culvert, the principle and operational effects are the same as in the first embodiment.

  In the present embodiment, the precast concrete block 11 constituting the box culvert is a block having a rectangular cross section, and is provided with a guide portion 15 projecting to the lower surface side in front of the center of gravity position of the bottom plate portion, and the width of the rear end portion in the moving direction. Casters 16 are attached to both sides in the direction.

  The caster 16 includes a wheel 16a and a receiving member 16b serving as a frame, and is fastened to the precast concrete block 11 with a bolt. Also in this case, the caster 16 can be used to cope with unevenness when the block 1 is moved by using a commercially available spring, and the spring 16 can be used to lift one of the wheels 16a during sharp curve construction or bending construction. Can function. Also in this embodiment, the caster 16 is attached to the inner side of the both sides of the block 11, which is advantageous in terms of safety of attachment / detachment and workability, and can reduce the working space in the width direction. .

  On the upper surface of the foundation concrete 12 on which the precast concrete block 11 is laid, H-shaped steel is embedded in the lateral direction in the center of the block 11 in the width direction (direction perpendicular to the moving direction) to form a groove-like rail 13. The bearings are formed by distributing and disposing bearing balls 14 such as steel balls in the groove portions.

  The bearing ball 14 supports the above-described guide portion 15 projecting from the lower surface of the block 11 and is in a three-point support state with the two casters 16 at the rear end portion of the block 11. In this state, the block 11 is connected to the winch and the wire. The block 11 can be moved along the rail 13 by pulling or pushing it out (not shown) or the like.

  In this case, since only one rail 13 is required, the material cost of the rail and the labor for installation are reduced, which is economical. Further, since the horizontal movement is performed only with the guide portion 15 or the guide portion 15 supported at one point of the front guide portion 15 and the rear end portion of the caster 16 position, the sharp curve construction and the bending construction can be performed smoothly. The principle is as described in FIG.

  In the second embodiment as well, when the precast concrete block 11 is supported in the vicinity of the center of gravity, the caster 16 has a function of preventing the precast concrete block 11 from falling in a right angle direction. It may be a thing.

  The connection between the blocks 11 and the integration with the foundation concrete 12 after the block 11 is pulled or pushed to the connection position is the same as in the case of the conventional horizontal drawing method, and the lower surface of the block 11 and the upper surface of the foundation concrete 12 are connected. A gap between them is filled with mortar or the like to fix the block 11.

  FIGS. 7 (a) and 7 (b) show an example of the mounting state of the caster 16 as an auxiliary wheel in the second embodiment. A receiving member 16b as a frame with a built-in spring and a wheel 16a attached thereto is shown. The bottom plate portion of the block 11 is attached so as to sandwich the rear end portion, and is fixed with bolts 16c. The bolt 16c can be screwed to an insert or the like embedded in the block 11 in advance.

  FIG. 8 shows another example of the attached state of the caster 16. In this example, the caster 16 is fixed to the anchor material 16 d embedded in the block 11 in advance.

  In addition, in the present invention, the form and attachment method of the caster are not particularly limited.

  FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing another embodiment when the present invention is applied to the construction of a box culvert.

  As a difference from the first and second embodiments, in the third embodiment, two rails 13 are provided close to each other. In other words, when the weight of the block 11 is further increased, the load is distributed to the two rails 13.

  On the upper surface of the foundation concrete 12, two H-shaped steels are embedded in the horizontal direction in the vicinity of the center of the block 11 in the width direction to form two substantially parallel groove-shaped rails 13 respectively. Ball bearings are formed by dispersely arranging the bearing balls 14 in the groove portions.

  Other configurations, principles, and effects are the same as in the second embodiment.

  Also in this case, since the two rails 13 are close to the center portion, in the case of sharp curve construction or bending construction, the block 11 can be rotated and the horizontal drawing can be performed as in the case of the single rail. .

  FIG. 10 illustrates the construction procedure when the present invention is applied to the construction of the box culvert mainly in relation to the attachment and removal of the casters 16, and the construction can be performed according to the following procedure.

(a) The block 11 is suspended and the guide portion 15 is supported by the bearing ball 14 (see FIG. 10A).
(b) The block 11 is inclined and the caster 16 is mounted (see FIG. 10 (b)).
(c) The block 11 is pulled or pushed out and moved horizontally (see FIG. 10 (c)).
(d) Close to the block 11 installed in advance (see FIG. 10 (d)).
(e) The block 11 is inclined and the caster 16 is removed (see FIG. 10 (e)).
(f) It joins to the block 11 installed previously (refer FIG.10 (f)).

  FIG. 11 shows a case where the caster 16 is attached and removed by tilting the block 11 in the lateral direction as another method.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used as an improvement method and apparatus for a conventional horizontal pulling method for construction involving movement and laying of box culverts, waterways, and other heavy objects.

1 ... Precast concrete block (waterway)
2 ... foundation concrete 3 ... rail 4 ... bearing ball 5 ... guide 6 ... caster, 6a ... wheel, 6b ... receiving material 7 ... lifting device 11 ... precast concrete block (box culvert)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 12 ... Foundation concrete 13 ... Rail 14 ... Bearing ball 15 ... Guide part 16 ... Caster, 16a ... Wheel, 16b ... Receiving material, 16c ... Bolt, 16d ... Anchor material 21 ... Precast concrete block (water channel)
22 ... foundation concrete 23 ... rail 24 ... bearing ball 25 ... guide part 27 ... grout injection hole

Claims (9)

One or more rails are provided close to the laying surface of the heavy object, and friction reducing means is provided in which the spherical body is laid in a rollable manner in the rail, and the gravity center position of the heavy object is provided. In a combined support state with a spherical body and an auxiliary wheel, the front of the center of gravity or the front of the center of gravity is supported by a spherical body, and the rear part of the heavy load is supported by one or more auxiliary wheels capable of traveling on the laying surface. A method of laying a heavy article, wherein the heavy article is moved along the rail and laid at a predetermined position. One rail is provided in the center of the heavy object in the width direction, and two auxiliary wheels are attached to each of both ends in the width direction of the rear part of the heavy object. The heavy article laying method according to claim 1, wherein a heavy article is moved along the rail and laid at a predetermined position. The heavy object is provided with a guide portion that protrudes toward the lower surface only in front of the center of gravity of the bottom plate portion, and the front of the weight of the heavy object is supported by the guide and the spherical body. The method for laying heavy objects according to claim 2. The rail is provided eccentrically from the center of gravity of the heavy object rather than the center in the width direction of the heavy object, and one auxiliary wheel is provided on the opposite side of the rail provided eccentric to the gravity center of the heavy object. 2. The method for laying heavy objects according to claim 1, wherein the heavy objects are moved along the rails in a state of being supported at two points by them, and are laid at predetermined positions. One or more rails are provided close to the laying surface of the heavy object, and friction reducing means is provided in which the spherical body is laid in a rollable manner in the rail, and the gravity center position of the heavy object is provided. One or more having a function of preventing the heavy load from falling in a direction perpendicular to the laying direction so that the vicinity of the heavy load can be supported by a spherical body and the rear portion of the heavy load can run on the laying surface. A method for laying a heavy article, characterized in that the heavy article is moved along the rail in a combined support state of a spherical body and an auxiliary wheel supported by an auxiliary wheel, and laid at a predetermined position. The method of laying a heavy article according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the auxiliary wheel is a caster with a built-in spring. The method of laying a heavy article according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the auxiliary wheel is installed on an inner side than an outer side surface of a rear portion of the heavy article. A heavy provided with a guide portion protruding to the bottom plate portion lower surface side of the front of the near or center-of-gravity position including the center of gravity position, and a plurality of groove-shaped rail 1 Article or close provided laying surface of the weight thereof, said groove Friction reducing means formed by rolling a spherical body in a groove of a rail to enable rolling, one or a plurality of auxiliary wheels mounted on a rear portion in the moving direction of the heavy load, and a vicinity including a center of gravity position of the heavy load or It consists of a spherical body in which the front of the center of gravity is supported by the spherical body and the rear part is supported by the auxiliary wheel, and a pulling means or a pushing means for moving the heavy object in a horizontal direction in a combined support state by the auxiliary wheel. Heavy equipment laying device characterized by 9. The heavy article laying apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the auxiliary wheel is a caster provided with lifting means.

Images