JP5398709B2 - Antibacterial and bactericidal agents - Google Patents

Antibacterial and bactericidal agents Download PDF

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JP5398709B2
JP5398709B2 JP2010516906A JP2010516906A JP5398709B2 JP 5398709 B2 JP5398709 B2 JP 5398709B2 JP 2010516906 A JP2010516906 A JP 2010516906A JP 2010516906 A JP2010516906 A JP 2010516906A JP 5398709 B2 JP5398709 B2 JP 5398709B2
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pdc
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JPWO2009151146A1 (en
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淳孝 重原
義博 片山
昌巳 尾藤
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株式会社J−ケミカル
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/16Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A01N59/20Copper
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/14Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A01N43/16Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N55/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing organic compounds containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/16Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/34Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
    • A23L3/3454Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
    • A23L3/3463Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
    • A23L3/3481Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A23L3/3508Organic compounds containing oxygen containing carboxyl groups

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Description

本発明は優れた抗菌・殺菌作用を有し、かつ安全性が高く、環境に対する負荷がほとんど無い抗菌剤及び殺菌剤に関する。   The present invention relates to an antibacterial agent and a bactericidal agent that have an excellent antibacterial and bactericidal action, have high safety, and have little burden on the environment.

近年では、銀イオンを利用した防菌剤、あるいは抗菌スプレー等が開発され、生活用品の中にも有機化合物系の抗菌剤を添加した抗菌シート等が幅広く普及してきている。しかしながら、銀イオンを利用したものの中には、実際の効果が疑われるものも散見される。また、有機化合物系の抗菌剤については、安全性の問題等で使用できる物質、あるいは使用対象が限定されているのが実情である。
細菌(例えばサルモネラ菌)、酵母、カビ等の不快な微生物を抑制する目的で動物の飼料製造、養鶏場で使用される抗菌剤の中にギ酸、プロピオン酸を含む商品があるが、ギ酸の毒性、プロピオン酸、ギ酸の不快臭が作業上問題となっている。また、pHも低いため、金属等の腐食の可能性もある。
また、安全性の高い天然物由来の抗菌剤も知られているが、コストや製造法に問題点を有するものが多い。天然物由来の抗菌剤としては、柑橘類由来の抗菌剤が知られている(特開平8−317782号公報)。これはレモン果皮を圧搾して得られる精油を濃縮した残渣を精製して得られる化合物を有効成分とするものであるが、所望の抗菌剤とするには濃度を調整しなければならないため、製造法が煩雑で経済的でない。
また、マメ科植物のクロバナエンジュ抽出物を含む抗菌剤が報告されているが(特開2004−256437号公報)、クロバナエンジュは栽培系の植物ではなく、かつ溶媒抽出を要するため経済的ではない。特開2002−161075号公報には、本発明と同様なタンニン由来の没食子酸を原料とする抗菌剤が記載されているが、クラウンエーテルのような毒性の高い物質を用いる必要がある。
また、抗菌剤の有効成分として、天然物系のフェルラ酸を原料とするフェルラ酸エステル化合物も報告されているが(特開2002−161004号公報)、米糠から得られるフェルラ酸自体が高価であり、かつエステル化合物の安全性も確認されていない。
In recent years, antibacterial agents using silver ions, antibacterial sprays, and the like have been developed, and antibacterial sheets to which organic compound antibacterial agents are added have become widespread in daily use. However, some of those using silver ions are suspected of actual effects. As for organic compound-based antibacterial agents, there are actually limited substances that can be used due to safety problems or the like, or the objects to be used.
There are products that contain formic acid and propionic acid among the antibacterial agents used in animal feed production and poultry farms for the purpose of controlling unpleasant microorganisms such as bacteria (for example, Salmonella), yeast, and mold, but the toxicity of formic acid, The unpleasant odor of propionic acid and formic acid is a problem in work. Further, since the pH is low, there is a possibility of corrosion of metals and the like.
In addition, antibacterial agents derived from natural products with high safety are known, but many have problems in cost and production methods. As an antibacterial agent derived from natural products, an antibacterial agent derived from citrus is known (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-317782). This is a compound obtained by refining the residue obtained by concentrating the essential oil obtained by pressing lemon peel, but the concentration must be adjusted to obtain the desired antibacterial agent. The law is cumbersome and not economical.
Moreover, although the antibacterial agent containing the cloveranaenju extract of a leguminous plant has been reported (Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2004-256437), a cloveranaenju is not a plant of a cultivation type | system | group, and since solvent extraction is required, it is not economical. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-161075 describes an antibacterial agent using gallic acid derived from tannin as in the present invention, but it is necessary to use a highly toxic substance such as crown ether.
As an active ingredient of the antibacterial agent, a ferulic acid ester compound made from natural ferulic acid as a raw material has also been reported (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-161004), but ferulic acid itself obtained from rice bran is expensive. In addition, the safety of ester compounds has not been confirmed.

従って、本発明は上記課題を解決し、安全性が極めて高く、環境に対する負荷がほとんどない抗菌剤及び殺菌剤を提供することを目的とする。
本発明者らは、上記目的を達成するために鋭意検討した結果、下記式(I)で表される2H−ピラン−2−オン−4,6−ジカルボン酸(以下、「PDC」と称する)の単塩又は複塩が、グラム陰性菌、グラム陽性菌等の細菌類、酵母、カビ等の真菌類に対して、抗菌・殺菌作用を有することを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
すなわち、(1)本発明は、式(I):

Figure 0005398709
[式中、M及びMは各々独立に、H、Ag又Cuを示す。但し、M及びMは同時にHでない。]
で表される単塩又は複塩を有効成分とする抗菌剤を提供するものである。
(2)本発明はまた、式(I):
Figure 0005398709
[式中、M及びMは各々独立に、H、Ag又Cuを示す。但し、M及びMは同時にHでない。]
で表される単塩又は複塩を有効成分とする殺菌剤を提供するものである。
本発明によれば、式(I)で表される単塩又は複塩は優れた抗菌・殺菌作用を有する。従って、式(I)で表される単塩又は複塩は、天然物由来物質を出発物質としているために安全性が極めて高く、環境に対する負荷がほとんど無い抗菌剤及び殺菌剤の成分として工業的に有用である。Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and to provide an antibacterial agent and a bactericidal agent that are extremely safe and have little environmental burden.
As a result of diligent studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have found that 2H-pyran-2-one-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (hereinafter referred to as “PDC”) represented by the following formula (I): The present inventors have found that a simple salt or a double salt has an antibacterial / bactericidal action against bacteria such as Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria, and fungi such as yeast and mold, thereby completing the present invention.
That is, (1) the present invention is represented by the formula (I):
Figure 0005398709
[Wherein, M 1 and M 2 each independently represent H, Ag or Cu. However, M 1 and M 2 are not H at the same time. ]
The antibacterial agent which uses the single salt or double salt represented by these as an active ingredient is provided.
(2) The present invention also provides formula (I):
Figure 0005398709
[Wherein, M 1 and M 2 each independently represent H, Ag or Cu. However, M 1 and M 2 are not H at the same time. ]
The fungicide which uses the single salt or double salt represented by these as an active ingredient is provided.
According to the present invention, the single salt or double salt represented by the formula (I) has an excellent antibacterial / bactericidal action. Therefore, the single salt or double salt represented by the formula (I) is industrially used as a component of antibacterial agents and bactericides with extremely high safety because it is a natural product-derived material, and has almost no environmental impact. Useful for.

本発明の抗菌剤及び殺菌剤は、式(I)で表されるPDCの単塩又は複塩を有効成分とする。この単塩又は複塩には、銀(I)、銅(I)、及び銅(II)から選ばれる金属の塩が挙げられる。このような金属塩には、PDC 1分子中の1つのカルボキシルイオンと上記の金属から選ばれる1つの金属イオンとで形成されるカルボン酸塩(単塩)が含まれる。該単塩は、PDC 1分子中の2つのカルボキシルイオンがいずれも金属イオンと塩を形成しているものでもよく、その場合には、金属イオンの種類は互いに異なっていてもよい。
また、式(I)で表される金属塩には、複塩構造の金属塩も含まれる。本明細書において、「複塩」とは、2つ以上のPDCの2H−ピラン−2−オン環のカルボニル基と1つ以上の上記金属イオンとで形成される複塩を意味し、その構造としては、例えば、下記式で表される、PDC 2分子それぞれの該カルボニル基が1つの金属イオンに配位した八面体6配位構造(Mは金属原子を示す)が挙げられる。

Figure 0005398709
本発明における式(I)で表される金属塩の製造方法は特に限定されないが、例えば、バニリン、シリンガアルデヒド、バニリン酸、シリンガ酸又はプロトカテク酸を出発物質として、シュードモナス属細菌(Pseudomonas putida PbY1100)にPDCの発酵生産プラスミドpKTVLABCを導入した形質転換細胞を培養する方法(特開2005−278549号公報)を用いてPDCを製造した後、常法によりPDCの金属塩とすることにより、簡便かつ高純度で得ることができる。
本発明の抗菌剤及び殺菌剤中の式(I)で表されるPDCの金属塩の含有量は、通常、0.005〜50質量%であり、好ましくは0.01〜2質量%である。
本発明における抗菌・殺菌の対象は、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば細菌類、真菌類などを含む広義の微生物である。細菌類としては、ブドウ球菌(メチシリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌を含む)、レンサ球菌等のグラム陽性球菌や、バシラス属、クロストリジウム属、コリネバクテリウム属、リステリア属、プロピオニバクテリウム属、アクチノミセス属のグラム陽性桿菌、を含むグラム陽性菌;ナイセリア属、ブランハメラ属等のグラム陰性球菌や、シュードモナス属、腸内細菌科(大腸菌(腸管出血性大腸菌を含む))、サルモネラ、赤痢菌、ペスト菌、クレブシエラ属)由来、ヘモフィルス属、ブルセラ属、ボルデテラ属等のグラム陰性桿菌、を含むグラム陰性菌;ビブリオ属等のらせん状桿菌;リケッチア;クラミジア;マイコプラズマなどが挙げられる。真菌類としては、カンジタ等の酵母や、アルペルギルス、クラドスポリウム、トリコフィトン等のカビ類などが挙げられる。
具体的には、スタフィロコッカス・アウレウス亜種アウレウス(Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus)、エシェリキア・コリ(Escherichia coli)、シュードーモナス・アエルギノサ(Psudomonas aeruginosa)、サルモネラ・エンテリティディス(Salmonella Enteritidis)、ビブリオ・パラハエモリティカス(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)、アスペルギルス・ニゲル(Aspergillus niger)、カンジダ・アルビカンス(Candida albicans)、クラドスポリウム・クラドスポリオイデス(Cladosporium cladosporioides)、及びトリコフィトン・ルブルム(Trichophyton ruburum)からなる群より選ばれる微生物が挙げられる。
本発明の抗菌剤及び殺菌剤は、飲食品、洗剤、香粧品、口腔用品、医薬品、医薬部外品等に添加して微生物の増殖を防ぐことができ、またこれらの包装材料、抗菌シート、抗菌加工品、抗菌スプレー等にも適用できる。
次に実施例を挙げて本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例になんら限定されるものではない。The antibacterial agent and bactericidal agent of the present invention contain a single salt or double salt of PDC represented by the formula (I) as an active ingredient. Examples of the single salt or double salt include a metal salt selected from silver (I), copper (I), and copper (II). Such a metal salt includes a carboxylate salt (single salt) formed by one carboxyl ion in one molecule of PDC and one metal ion selected from the above metals. The single salt may be one in which two carboxyl ions in one molecule of PDC form a salt with a metal ion. In that case, the types of metal ions may be different from each other.
The metal salt represented by the formula (I) includes a metal salt having a double salt structure. In the present specification, the “double salt” means a double salt formed by two or more carbonyl groups of the 2H-pyran-2-one ring of PDC and one or more of the above metal ions. Examples thereof include an octahedral six-coordinate structure represented by the following formula in which the carbonyl groups of two PDC molecules are coordinated to one metal ion (M represents a metal atom).
Figure 0005398709
The method for producing the metal salt represented by the formula (I) in the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, starting from vanillin, syringaldehyde, vanillic acid, syringic acid or protocatechuic acid, Pseudomonas putida PbY1100 PDC is produced using a method of culturing transformed cells into which PDC fermentation production plasmid pKTVLABC has been introduced (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-278549), and then converted into a metal salt of PDC by a conventional method. It can be obtained with high purity.
The content of the metal salt of PDC represented by the formula (I) in the antibacterial agent and bactericidal agent of the present invention is usually 0.005 to 50% by mass, preferably 0.01 to 2% by mass. .
The target of antibacterial / disinfection in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is a broadly defined microorganism including, for example, bacteria and fungi. Examples of bacteria include gram-positive cocci such as staphylococci (including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), streptococci, Bacillus, Clostridium, Corynebacterium, Listeria, Propionibacterium, and Actinomyces. Gram-positive bacilli, including Gram-positive bacteria; Neisseria spp., Blanchamella spp., Pseudomonas spp. Genus), Gram negative bacteria including Gram negative gonococci such as Haemophilus genus, Brucella genus, Bordetella genus; spiral gonococci such as Vibrio genus; Rickettsia; Chlamydia; Mycoplasma and the like. Examples of fungi include yeasts such as candita and molds such as alpergillus, cladosporium and trichophyton.
Specifically, Staphylococcus aureus subspecies aureus (Staphylococcus aureus subsp. Aureus), Escherichia coli (Escherichia coli), shoe Domo eggplant aeruginosa (Psudomonas aeruginosa), Salmonella Enteritidis (Salmonella Enteritidis), Vibrio para Ha Emory Atlantica scan (Vibrio parahaemolyticus), Aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger), Candida albicans (Candida albicans), Cladosporium-class dos polio Lee Death (Cladosporium cladosporioides), and Trichophyton Microorganism selected from the group consisting rubrum (Trichophyton ruburum) and the like.
The antibacterial agent and bactericidal agent of the present invention can be added to foods and drinks, detergents, cosmetics, oral products, pharmaceuticals, quasi drugs, etc. to prevent the growth of microorganisms, and these packaging materials, antibacterial sheets, Applicable to antibacterial processed products and antibacterial sprays.
EXAMPLES Next, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated in detail, this invention is not limited to these Examples at all.

実施例1
1.材料
<被験物質1>
PDC(1.05g、5.7mmol)の水溶液に硝酸銀(2.11g、12.4mmol)の水溶液を作用させ白色沈殿(2.12g,5.13mmol、収率90%)を得た。これを熱水から再結晶し、被験物質1とした。
<対照及び試薬>
滅菌精製水(日本薬局方精製水:日本新薬株式会社製、高圧蒸気滅菌処理)
滅菌リン酸緩衝液(PRo−media MV2−1000、(株)エルメックス)
<被験物質1の0.1%、0.05%、0.025%の各水溶液の調製>
0.1%水溶液:被験物質1 0.1gを秤量し、滅菌精製水で100mLにした。
0.05%水溶液:0.1%水溶液を滅菌精製水で2倍希釈した。
0.025%水溶液:0.05%水溶液を滅菌精製水で2倍希釈した。
なお、比較のために、比較物質1としてPDCの0.1%、0.05%、0.025%の各水溶液も調製した。
<菌株>
スタフィロコッカス・アウレウス亜種アウレウス(Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus)(NBRC 13276)
エシェリキア・コリ(Escherichia coli)(NBRC 3972)
サルモネラ・エンテリティディス(Salmonella Enteritidis)(NBRC 3313)
括弧内は標準菌株番号を示す。
<培地>
トリプケースソイ寒天培地(SCD培地、日本ビオメリュー社製)
<滅菌シャーレ>
滅菌NEシャーレ(栄研器材株式会社製)
<接種菌液の調製>
上記菌株をSCD寒天培地で35±2℃で18〜24時間培養後、滅菌精製水に懸濁し、MacFarland No.1の濁度に合わせたものを接種菌液とした。寒天培地を用いて寒天平板混釈法に準じて接種菌液濃度を測定した。

Figure 0005398709
2.方法
<試験手順>
被験物質1の0.1%、0.05%、0.025%の各水溶液及び滅菌精製水(対照)をそれぞれ5mL準備した(n=1)。各試験液に0.05mLの上記接種菌液を室温で接種した。15分及び24時間、室温で接種した後に、試験液0.5mLに滅菌リン酸緩衝液(PRo−media MV2−1000、(株)エルメックス)49.5mLを加えて混和した(pH6〜8)。次いで、各混和液の10倍希釈系列を作製し、生菌数を測定し、試料又は対象1mL中の菌数に換算した。生菌数の測定は、「第十五改正 日本薬局方 生菌測定 カンテン平板法」に準じて行った(n=2)。結果を表2に示す。
Figure 0005398709
実施例2:最小殺菌濃度の測定
1.材料
<被験物質2>
65℃に調整したPDC(8.08g、43.9mmol)の水溶液300mLに硝酸銀(6.79g、39.97mmol)の水溶液100mLを加え、5分間撹拌した。その後、反応液を熱時ろ過し、室温で1日静置し、更に0℃で1日静置すると無色の板状結晶が析出した(9.21g、7.9mmol、収率74.6%、Ag(HPDC)・HOとして計算)。これを被験物質2とした。
<被験物質3>
65℃に調整したPDC(3.68g、20mmol)の水溶液80mLに硫酸銅(2.50g、10mmol)の水溶液20mLを加え、中和剤として水酸化バリウム水溶液を硫酸銅に対し1等量加えると、硫酸バリウムの沈殿が析出してきた。1時間程度撹拌した後、析出した硫酸バリウムの沈殿をろ別した後、反応液を室温で静置すると淡緑色沈殿が析出した(3.02g、7.0mmol、70%、Cu(HPDC)として計算)。これを被験物質3とした。
2.方法
<最小殺菌濃度>
殺菌効果を確認するため、最小殺菌濃度(MBC)の測定を行い、その性能を評価した。
<対照及び試薬>
滅菌精製水(日本薬局方精製水;日本新薬株式会社製、高圧蒸気滅菌処理)
滅菌リン酸緩衝液(Pro−media MV2−1000、株式会社エルメックス製)
<使用培地>
SCD寒天培地(株式会社日本ビオメリュー製)
サブロー・ブドウ糖寒天培地(日水製薬株式会社製)
<滅菌シャーレ>
滅菌NEシャーレ(栄研化学株式会社)
<被検物質水溶液の調製>
被験物質2の50、25、12.5、6.25、3.13ppm水溶液、被験物質3の100、50、25ppm水溶液および滅菌精製水(対照)をそれぞれ5mL用意した(n=1)。
<使用菌株>
スタフィロコッカス・アウレウス亜種アウレウス(Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus)(NBRC 13276)
エシェリキア・コリ(Escherichia coli)(NBRC 3972)
エシェリキア・コリ(Escherichia coli)0157:H7(ATCC 35150)
シュードモナス・アエルギノザ(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)(NBRC 13275)
サルモネラ・エンテリティディス(Salmonella Enteritidis)(NBRC 3313)
ビブリオ・パラハエモリティカス(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)(NBRC 12711)
カンジダ・アルビカンス(Candida albicans)(NBRC 1594)
クラドスポリウム・クラドスポリオイデス(Cladosporium cladosporioides)(NBRC 6348)
<接種用菌液の調製>
細菌はSCD寒天培地(Vibrio parahaemolyticusはSDC寒天培地セルに1.5%の食塩を添加して培養した)で35±2℃、18〜24時間培養した。真菌は、サブロー・ブドウ糖寒天培地で5〜10日間培養した寒天平板上の集落を滅菌リン酸緩衝液でMacFarland No.1(細菌は約10cfu/mL、真菌は約10cfu/mL)相当の濁度に懸濁して接種菌液とした。接種菌液濃度は寒天平板混釈法に準じて測定した。
<試験手順>
上記で調製した被験物質2、被験物質3の水溶液に0.05mLの各種接種菌液を接種し、24時間、室温で作用させた。その後、試験液0.1mLに滅菌リン酸緩衝液9.9mLを加え混和(中和)し、pHが6〜8であることを確認した。ついで、各中和液の10倍希釈系列を作製し、生菌数を1ml中の菌数に換算して測定した。生菌数の測定については、細菌はSCD寒天培地(Vibrio parahaemolyticusは1.5%の食塩を添加)で、真菌は、サブロー寒天培地を用いて「第十五改正日本薬局方 生菌測定 寒天平板混釈法」に準じて行った。(n=2)これらの測定結果を表3に示す。
Figure 0005398709
実施例3:発育阻止濃度の測定
1.材料
被験物質1および被験物質2を用いた。
2.方法
<発育阻止濃度>
抗菌効果を確認するため、発育阻止濃度の測定を行い、その性能を評価した。試験は、日本化学療法学会MIC(最小発育阻止濃度)測定法 寒天平板希釈法に準じておこなった。
<対称及び試薬>
滅菌精製水(シオエ製薬株式会社製)
滅菌生理食塩水(大塚生食注250mL、大塚製薬株式会社製)
<使用培地>
ミュラーヒントンII寒天培地(ベクトン・ディッキンソン社製)
サブロー・ブドウ糖寒天培地「ダイゴ」(日水製薬株式会社製)
<使用菌株>
スタフィロコッカス・アウレウス亜種アウレウス(Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus)MRSA(ATCC 43300)
エシェリキア・コリ(Escherichia coli)0157:H7(ATCC 35150)
シュードモナス・アエルギノザ(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)(NBRC 13275)
サルモネラ・エンテリティディス(Salmonella Enteritidis)(NBRC 3313)
ビブリオ・パラハエモリティカス(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)(NBRC 12711)
アスペルギルス・ニゲル(Aspergillus niger)(NBRC 9455)
カンジダ・アルビカンス(Candida albicans)(NBRC 1594)
クラドスポリウム・クラドスポリオイデス(Cladosporium cladosporioides)(NBRC 6348)
トリコフィトン・ルブラム(Trichophyton ruburum)(NMRC32409)
<接種用菌液の調製>
細菌は、ミュラーヒントンII寒天培地にて一夜培養、真菌はサブロー寒天倍地で5〜10日間培養した。寒天平板上の被検菌体を滅菌生理食塩水でMacFarland No.1(細菌は約10cfu/mL、真菌は約10cfu/mL)相当の濁度に懸濁して接種用菌液とした。
<被検物質1、被検物質2の希釈及び被検物質含有感受性培地の作製>
被検物質1、被検物質2を0.16g秤量し、滅菌精製水で100mLにして0.16%水溶液を作製した(薬剤原液)。薬剤原液について、約45℃に保った感受性測定用培地(細菌はミュラーヒントンII寒天培地、真菌はサブロー寒天培地)を用いて8倍希釈系列(0.02、0.0025%)を調製した。さらにそれぞれを感受性測定用培地で10倍、20倍、40倍に希釈して、0.016〜0.0000625%の薬剤系列を各2枚ずつ作製し、滅菌シャーレに固化したものを被検物質含有感受性培地とした。この際、薬液を調製する滅菌ピペットはその都度交換した。
対照として薬剤原液の代わりに滅菌精製水を使用したものについて、同様に各濃度1枚作製し、薬剤不含培地とした。
<試験手順>
被検物質含有感受性培地及び薬剤不含培地の寒天培地表面に、接種用菌液を白金耳で2cm程度画線塗抹した(被検物質含有感受性培地はn=2、薬剤不含培地はn=1)。細菌は37±3℃で18〜20時間、真菌は25±3℃で3〜5日間、Trichophyton ruburumは5±3℃で14日間、それぞれ好気培養を行った。培養後、各被検物質含有感受性培地及び薬剤不含培地について菌の発育の有無を判定した。これらの測定結果を表4に示す。
比較物質1としてPDCを2.0g秤量し、滅菌精製水で10mLにして20%水溶液を作製した(薬剤原液)。実施例3と同様に8倍希釈系列(2.5、0.31%)を調製し、さらにそれぞれを感受性測定用培地で10倍、20倍、40倍に希釈して、2.0〜0.0078%の薬剤系列を各2枚ずつ作製し、滅菌シャーレに固化したものを比較物質含有感受性培地とした。
この比較物質1含有感受性培地に実施例3と同様に接種用菌液画線塗抹し、菌の発育の有無を判定した。この測定結果を表4に示す。
Figure 0005398709
被検物質1及び被検物質2はそのMIC値が比較物質1に比べて著しく低く、抗菌力が著しく高いことが明らかとなった。また、文献(Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry,68(1),p.39−44,1997)では、硝酸銀のMIC値は、Esherichia Coli:6.3ppm、Staphylococcus aureus:>1,600ppm、Aspergillus niger:>1,600ppm、Cladosporium cladosporioides:>1,600ppmと報告されている。従って、PDCの銀塩は、硝酸銀又は遊離PDCと比較して顕著な抗菌効果を示し、特にカビ等の真菌類への抗菌力が高いことが明らかとなった。
実施例4
1.材料
<被験物質2>
実施例2で調製したものを用いた。
<比較物質2>
50℃に調整したPDC(1.84g、10mmol)の水溶液8mLに硫酸鉄七水和物(1.39g、5mmol)の水溶液5mLを加え、中和剤として水酸化バリウム水溶液を硫酸鉄七水和物に対し1等量加えると、硫酸バリウムの沈殿が析出してきた。30分程度撹拌した後、析出した硫酸バリウムの沈殿をろ別した後、反応液を0℃で静置すると黄色沈殿が析出した(1.54g、3.7mmol、73%、Fe(HPDC)として計算)。これを比較物質2とした。
<比較物質3>
50℃に調整したPDC(1.84g、10mmol)の水溶液8mLに硫酸コバルト七水和物(1.41g、5mmol)の水溶液5mLを加え、中和剤として水酸化バリウム水溶液を硫酸コバルト七水和物に対し1等量加えると、硫酸バリウムの沈殿が析出してきた。30分程度撹拌した後、析出した硫酸バリウムの沈殿をろ別した後、反応液を0℃で静置すると淡赤色沈殿が析出した(1.45g、3.4mmol、68%、Co(HPDC)として計算)。これを比較物質3とした。
<比較物質4>
50℃に調整したPDC(1.84g、10mmol)の水溶液8mLに硫酸亜鉛七水和物(1.44g、5mmol)の水溶液5mLを加え、中和剤として水酸化バリウム水溶液を硫酸亜鉛七水和物に対し1等量加えると、硫酸バリウムの沈殿が析出してきた。30分程度撹拌した後、析出した硫酸バリウムの沈殿をろ別した後、反応液を0℃で静置すると白色沈殿が析出した(1.36g、3.2mmol、63%、Zn(HPDC)として計算)。これを比較物質4とした。
2.方法(殺菌試験の比較)
被検物質2と比較物質2〜4の0.1、0.01、0.001、0.0001%水溶液5mLを調製し、そこにCladosporium cladosporioidesをMacFarland No.1相当の濁度に懸濁した接種菌液を0.05mL接種し、24時間、室温で作用させた。その後、試験液0.1mLに滅菌リン酸緩衝液9.9mLを加え混和(中和)し、pHが6〜8であることを確認した。ついで、各中和液の10倍希釈系列を作製し、生菌の可否を判断した。生菌判定については、ポテトデキストローズ寒天培地(Difco(登録商標)Potato Dextrose Agar、Becton.Dickinson and Company製)を用いて、目視で判定した。
被検物質2では、0.0001%(1ppm)で殺菌効果が認められたが、比較物質2〜4では、0.1%でも菌の生育が認められた。従って、PDCの銀、銅以外の金属塩に比べ、PDCの銀塩は抗菌・殺菌性が著しく高いことがわかった。これらの結果より、PDCの銀塩及び銅塩は、優れた抗菌・殺菌効果があることが確認できた。 Example 1
1. Material <Test substance 1>
An aqueous solution of silver nitrate (2.11 g, 12.4 mmol) was allowed to act on an aqueous solution of PDC (1.05 g, 5.7 mmol) to obtain a white precipitate (2.12 g, 5.13 mmol, yield 90%). This was recrystallized from hot water to obtain test substance 1.
<Controls and reagents>
Sterile purified water (Japan Pharmacopoeia purified water: Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., high-pressure steam sterilization treatment)
Sterile phosphate buffer (PRo-media MV2-1000, Elmex Corporation)
<Preparation of 0.1%, 0.05%, and 0.025% aqueous solutions of Test Substance 1>
0.1% aqueous solution: 0.1 g of test substance 1 was weighed and made up to 100 mL with sterilized purified water.
0.05% aqueous solution: A 0.1% aqueous solution was diluted 2-fold with sterile purified water.
0.025% aqueous solution: 0.05% aqueous solution was diluted 2-fold with sterilized purified water.
For comparison, 0.1%, 0.05%, and 0.025% aqueous solutions of PDC were also prepared as Comparative Substance 1.
<Strain>
Staphylococcus aureus subspecies aureus (Staphylococcus aureus subsp. Aureus) ( NBRC 13276)
Escherichia coli (NBRC 3972)
Salmonella Enteritidis (NBRC 3313)
The number in the parenthesis indicates the standard strain number.
<Medium>
Tryptic soy agar medium (SCD medium, manufactured by Nihon Biomeryu)
<Sterile petri dish>
Sterilization NE Petri dish (Eiken Equipment Co., Ltd.)
<Preparation of inoculum solution>
The above strain was cultured on an SCD agar medium at 35 ± 2 ° C. for 18-24 hours, suspended in sterilized purified water, and MacFarland No. The one in accordance with the turbidity of 1 was used as the inoculum. The inoculum concentration was measured using an agar medium according to the agar plate pour method.
Figure 0005398709
2. Method <Test Procedure>
5 mL each of 0.1%, 0.05%, and 0.025% aqueous solutions of test substance 1 and sterilized purified water (control) were prepared (n = 1). Each test solution was inoculated with 0.05 mL of the above inoculum solution at room temperature. After inoculating at room temperature for 15 minutes and 24 hours, 49.5 mL of sterile phosphate buffer (PRo-media MV2-1000, Elmex Corp.) was added to 0.5 mL of the test solution and mixed (pH 6-8). . Next, a 10-fold dilution series of each mixed solution was prepared, the number of viable bacteria was measured, and converted to the number of bacteria in 1 mL of the sample or target. The number of viable bacteria was measured according to the “15th revision Japanese Pharmacopoeia Viable Bacteria Measurement Kanten Plate Method” (n = 2). The results are shown in Table 2.
Figure 0005398709
Example 2: Measurement of minimum bactericidal concentration Material <Test substance 2>
To 300 mL of an aqueous solution of PDC (8.08 g, 43.9 mmol) adjusted to 65 ° C., 100 mL of an aqueous solution of silver nitrate (6.79 g, 39.97 mmol) was added and stirred for 5 minutes. Thereafter, the reaction solution was filtered while hot, allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 day, and further allowed to stand at 0 ° C. for 1 day to deposit colorless plate crystals (9.21 g, 7.9 mmol, yield 74.6%). , Calculated as Ag (HPDC) · H 2 O). This was designated as test substance 2.
<Test substance 3>
When 20 mL of an aqueous solution of copper sulfate (2.50 g, 10 mmol) is added to 80 mL of an aqueous solution of PDC (3.68 g, 20 mmol) adjusted to 65 ° C., and 1 equivalent of an aqueous barium hydroxide solution is added to the copper sulfate as a neutralizing agent. The precipitation of barium sulfate has been deposited. After stirring for about 1 hour, the precipitated barium sulfate precipitate was filtered off, and then the reaction solution was allowed to stand at room temperature to deposit a pale green precipitate (3.02 g, 7.0 mmol, 70%, Cu (HPDC) 2 As calculated). This was designated as test substance 3.
2. Method <Minimum bactericidal concentration>
In order to confirm the bactericidal effect, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was measured and the performance was evaluated.
<Controls and reagents>
Sterile purified water (Japan Pharmacopoeia purified water; Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., high-pressure steam sterilization treatment)
Sterile phosphate buffer (Pro-media MV2-1000, manufactured by Elmex Corporation)
<Medium used>
SCD agar medium (manufactured by Nihon Biomeryu Co., Ltd.)
Sabouraud glucose agar medium (Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)
<Sterile petri dish>
Sterile NE Petri dish (Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd.)
<Preparation of test substance aqueous solution>
5 mL each of 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.13 ppm aqueous solution of test substance 2, 100, 50, 25 ppm aqueous solution of test substance 3 and sterile purified water (control) were prepared (n = 1).
<Used strain>
Staphylococcus aureus subspecies aureus (Staphylococcus aureus subsp. Aureus) ( NBRC 13276)
Escherichia coli (NBRC 3972)
Escherichia coli 0157: H7 (ATCC 35150)
Pseudomonas Aeruginoza (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) (NBRC 13275)
Salmonella Enteritidis (NBRC 3313)
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (NBRC 12711)
Candida albicans (NBRC 1594)
Cladosporium cladosporioides (NBRC 6348)
<Preparation of bacterial solution for inoculation>
Bacteria were cultured on SCD agar medium ( Vibrio parahaemolyticus was cultured with SDC agar medium cells added with 1.5% sodium chloride) at 35 ± 2 ° C. for 18-24 hours. The fungus was prepared by substituting colonies on agar plates on agar plates cultured on Sabouraud's glucose agar medium for 5-10 days with a sterile phosphate buffer. Suspended to a turbidity equivalent to 1 (about 10 8 cfu / mL for bacteria and about 10 6 cfu / mL for fungi) to prepare an inoculum. The inoculum concentration was measured according to the agar plate pour method.
<Test procedure>
0.05 mL of various inoculum solutions were inoculated into the aqueous solutions of Test Substance 2 and Test Substance 3 prepared above and allowed to act at room temperature for 24 hours. Thereafter, 9.9 mL of sterile phosphate buffer was added to 0.1 mL of the test solution and mixed (neutralized), and it was confirmed that the pH was 6-8. Next, a 10-fold dilution series of each neutralized solution was prepared, and the number of viable bacteria was converted to the number of bacteria in 1 ml and measured. For the measurement of the number of viable bacteria, the bacterium is SCD agar medium (1.5% salt is added to Vibrio parahaemolyticus ), and the fungus is Sabouraud agar medium. It was performed according to the “Powder Method”. (N = 2) These measurement results are shown in Table 3.
Figure 0005398709
Example 3 Measurement of Growth Inhibitory Concentration Material Test substance 1 and Test substance 2 were used.
2. Method <Inhibitory concentration>
In order to confirm the antibacterial effect, the growth inhibitory concentration was measured and its performance was evaluated. The test was conducted according to the Japanese Society of Chemotherapy MIC (Minimum Growth Inhibitory Concentration) measurement method agar plate dilution method.
<Symmetry and reagents>
Sterile purified water (Shioe Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)
Sterile saline (Otsuka raw food injection 250 mL, manufactured by Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)
<Medium used>
Muller Hinton II Agar (Becton Dickinson)
Sabouraud Glucose Agar “DAIGO” (Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)
<Used strain>
Staphylococcus aureus subspecies aureus (Staphylococcus aureus subsp. Aureus) MRSA (ATCC 43300)
Escherichia coli 0157: H7 (ATCC 35150)
Pseudomonas Aeruginoza (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) (NBRC 13275)
Salmonella Enteritidis (NBRC 3313)
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (NBRC 12711)
Aspergillus niger (NBRC 9455)
Candida albicans (NBRC 1594)
Cladosporium cladosporioides (NBRC 6348)
Trichophyton rubrum (NMRC32409)
<Preparation of bacterial solution for inoculation>
Bacteria were cultured overnight on Mueller Hinton II agar medium, and fungi were cultured for 5-10 days in Sabouraud Agar medium. The test cells on the agar plate were washed with sterilized physiological saline using MacFarland No. The suspension was suspended in a turbidity equivalent to 1 (about 10 8 cfu / mL for bacteria and about 10 6 cfu / mL for fungi) to prepare a bacterial solution for inoculation.
<Dilution of test substance 1 and test substance 2 and preparation of test substance-containing sensitive medium>
0.16 g of test substance 1 and test substance 2 were weighed and made up to 100 mL with sterilized purified water to prepare a 0.16% aqueous solution (drug stock solution). About the drug stock solution, an 8-fold dilution series (0.02, 0.0025%) was prepared using a medium for sensitivity measurement maintained at about 45 ° C. (Mueller Hinton II agar medium for bacteria and Sabouraud agar medium for fungi). Furthermore, each test substance was prepared by diluting 10-fold, 20-fold, or 40-fold each with a sensitivity measurement medium to produce 0.016 to 0.0000625% drug series, each solidified in a sterile petri dish. The contained sensitive medium was used. At this time, the sterile pipette for preparing the chemical solution was replaced each time.
As a control, one using each of the sterilized purified water instead of the drug stock solution was prepared in the same manner to prepare a drug-free medium.
<Test procedure>
On the surface of the agar medium containing the test substance-containing sensitive medium and the drug-free medium, the inoculum was smeared with a platinum loop for about 2 cm (n = 2 for the test substance-containing sensitive medium, n = for the drug-free medium). 1). The bacteria were aerobically cultured at 37 ± 3 ° C. for 18 to 20 hours, the fungi at 25 ± 3 ° C. for 3 to 5 days, and the Trichophyton ruburum at 5 ± 3 ° C. for 14 days. After culture, the presence or absence of bacterial growth was determined for each test substance-containing sensitive medium and drug-free medium. These measurement results are shown in Table 4.
As Comparative Substance 1, 2.0 g of PDC was weighed and made into 10 mL with sterilized purified water to prepare a 20% aqueous solution (drug stock solution). An 8-fold dilution series (2.5, 0.31%) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3, and each was further diluted 10-fold, 20-fold, and 40-fold with a sensitivity measurement medium, and 2.0 to 0 Two 0078% drug series were prepared and solidified in a sterilized petri dish as a comparative substance-containing sensitive medium.
In the same manner as in Example 3, this comparative substance 1-containing sensitive medium was smeared with a liquid line for inoculation, and the presence or absence of bacterial growth was determined. The measurement results are shown in Table 4.
Figure 0005398709
It was revealed that the test substance 1 and the test substance 2 had a significantly lower MIC value than the comparative substance 1, and the antibacterial activity was extremely high. Further, the literature (Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 68 ( 1), p.39-44,1997) in, MIC values of silver nitrate, Esherichia Coli: 6.3ppm, Staphylococcus aureus :> 1,600ppm, Aspergillus niger:> 1 , 600 ppm, Cladospodium cladosporoids :> 1,600 ppm. Therefore, the silver salt of PDC showed a remarkable antibacterial effect as compared with silver nitrate or free PDC, and it was revealed that the antibacterial activity against fungi such as molds was particularly high.
Example 4
1. Material <Test substance 2>
What was prepared in Example 2 was used.
<Comparative substance 2>
5 mL of an aqueous solution of iron sulfate heptahydrate (1.39 g, 5 mmol) is added to 8 mL of an aqueous solution of PDC (1.84 g, 10 mmol) adjusted to 50 ° C., and an aqueous barium hydroxide solution is added to the iron sulfate heptahydrate as a neutralizing agent. When 1 equivalent was added to the product, a barium sulfate precipitate was deposited. After stirring for about 30 minutes, the precipitated barium sulfate precipitate was filtered off, and the reaction solution was allowed to stand at 0 ° C. to form a yellow precipitate (1.54 g, 3.7 mmol, 73%, Fe (HPDC) 2 As calculated). This was designated as Comparative Substance 2.
<Comparative substance 3>
To 8 mL of an aqueous solution of PDC (1.84 g, 10 mmol) adjusted to 50 ° C., 5 mL of an aqueous solution of cobalt sulfate heptahydrate (1.41 g, 5 mmol) is added, and an aqueous barium hydroxide solution is added to the cobalt sulfate heptahydrate as a neutralizing agent. When 1 equivalent was added to the product, a barium sulfate precipitate was deposited. After stirring for about 30 minutes, the precipitated barium sulfate precipitate was filtered off, and then the reaction solution was allowed to stand at 0 ° C. to deposit a pale red precipitate (1.45 g, 3.4 mmol, 68%, Co (HPDC) Calculated as 2. ) This was designated as Comparative substance 3.
<Comparative substance 4>
5 mL of an aqueous solution of zinc sulfate heptahydrate (1.44 g, 5 mmol) was added to 8 mL of an aqueous solution of PDC (1.84 g, 10 mmol) adjusted to 50 ° C., and an aqueous barium hydroxide solution as a neutralizer was zinc sulfate heptahydrate. When 1 equivalent was added to the product, a barium sulfate precipitate was deposited. After stirring for about 30 minutes, the precipitated barium sulfate precipitate was filtered off, and the reaction solution was allowed to stand at 0 ° C. to precipitate a white precipitate (1.36 g, 3.2 mmol, 63%, Zn (HPDC) 2 As calculated). This was designated as Comparative substance 4.
2. Method (Comparison of sterilization test)
The 0.1,0.01,0.001,0.0001% aqueous solution 5mL of comparative substance 2-4 to the test substance 2 were prepared, MacFarland No. of Cladosporium Cladosporioides there 0.05 mL of the inoculated bacterial solution suspended at a turbidity equivalent to 1 was inoculated and allowed to act at room temperature for 24 hours. Thereafter, 9.9 mL of sterile phosphate buffer was added to 0.1 mL of the test solution and mixed (neutralized), and it was confirmed that the pH was 6-8. Next, a 10-fold dilution series of each neutralized solution was prepared, and the viability of viable bacteria was determined. Viable bacteria were determined visually using a potato dextrose agar medium (Difco (registered trademark) Potato Dextrose Agar, manufactured by Becton. Dickinson and Company).
In the test substance 2, a bactericidal effect was observed at 0.0001% (1 ppm), but in the comparative substances 2 to 4, the growth of bacteria was observed even at 0.1%. Therefore, it was found that the silver salt of PDC has remarkably high antibacterial and bactericidal properties as compared with metal salts other than silver and copper of PDC. From these results, it was confirmed that the silver salt and copper salt of PDC had excellent antibacterial and bactericidal effects.

Claims (2)

式(I):
Figure 0005398709
[式中、M及びMは各々独立に、H、Ag又Cuを示す。但し、M及びMは同時にHでない。]
で表される単塩又は複塩を有効成分とする抗菌剤。
Formula (I):
Figure 0005398709
[Wherein, M 1 and M 2 each independently represent H, Ag or Cu. However, M 1 and M 2 are not H at the same time. ]
The antibacterial agent which uses the single salt or double salt represented by these as an active ingredient.
式(I):
Figure 0005398709
[式中、M及びMは各々独立に、H、Ag又Cuを示す。但し、M及びMは同時にHでない。]
で表される単塩又は複塩を有効成分とする殺菌剤。
Formula (I):
Figure 0005398709
[Wherein, M 1 and M 2 each independently represent H, Ag or Cu. However, M 1 and M 2 are not H at the same time. ]
A disinfectant containing a single salt or a double salt represented by
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