JP5395990B2 - Masonry block and construction method using the same - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a masonry block used for stacking up and down and up and down in construction of a masonry block structure such as a block fence and a construction method using the same.

  Block fences play various roles such as ensuring privacy, crime prevention, fire prevention, site boundary display, etc., and play an extremely important role as exterior structures. Such a block fence is generally constructed by stacking blocks in the vertical and horizontal directions.

  As a construction method using blocks, when stacking in the vertical direction, it is usually stacked using mortar. In FIG. 1, the schematic diagram of the side surface (surface adjacent to the right and left blocks) is shown. As shown in FIG. 1, after filling the upper surface 11 of the block 10 with the mortar 12, the next block is piled up sequentially from the top to make a block basket. Similarly in the left-right direction, the side of the block 10 may be filled with mortar (not shown) and the next blocks may be arranged in order.

  In addition to strength, durability, etc., the appearance (designability) of the properties required for the block cage thus configured is also important. From this point of view, decorative blocks are often used in which the block is designed on the surface that forms the appearance of the block wall, but not only that, but also the beauty of the construction finish is essential. However, in the conventional block, when the mortar is pushed in to adjust the height when the blocks are stacked, the mortar protrudes greatly on the surface of the block wall, so the excess mortar that protrudes can be pressed or scraped off with a joint trowel etc. However, even if these operations are performed, the joints become conspicuous, and the appearance as a block bag or the like is impaired.

  In this regard, a masonry structure has been proposed in which grooves are formed in the blocks so that gaps are formed between the blocks, and the gaps are filled with mortar (Patent Document 1). According to this foundation stone structure, since the mortar is filled in the gap, the mortar does not protrude from the side surface of the block in a state where the blocks are stacked.

JP2007-291622A

  However, in the above-described conventional technology, since the masonry structure is such that the blocks directly contact each other in the vertical direction, it is difficult to buffer the dimensional error between the blocks. Although the blocks used for masonry are designed with the same dimensions, there are actually subtle errors. This error can be absorbed by the joint, but if it is assembled with no joint, the error cannot be absorbed.

  Further, in the above-described conventional technology, since the blocks are in contact with each other, when viewed as a block ridge, there is no joint in the appearance, so in some cases, the design (change) may be poor. .

  Accordingly, a main object of the present invention is to provide a masonry block and a construction method thereof that can relatively easily realize construction of a block ridge that is difficult to see the mortar of the joint and has an excellent aesthetic appearance.

  As a result of intensive studies in view of the problems of the prior art, the present inventor has found that the above object can be achieved by employing a block having a specific structure, and has completed the present invention.

That is, the present invention relates to the following masonry block and a construction method using the same.
1. A masonry block for forming a block ridge with a joint surface having an appearance of a substantially square-shaped aggregate with a pseudo-joint formed at the center between the vertical joint and the adjacent vertical joint. In addition, a pseudo joint is formed on the side surface, and a multi-step groove portion is formed in the block longitudinal direction with both end surfaces of the block upper surface region remaining on the block upper surface, and the remaining block upper surface region has both end surfaces. A masonry block, wherein each of the mortar housing grooves is formed in the longitudinal direction of the block.
2. Item 1. The groove is formed on the block lower surface with both end surfaces of the block lower surface region extending in the block longitudinal direction, and the mortar-accommodating grooves are formed on the remaining block lower surface regions on the block longitudinal direction, respectively. Masonry block as described in.
3. The masonry block according to Item 2, wherein the mortar housing groove on the upper surface of the block and the mortar housing groove on the lower surface of the block are substantially opposed to each other.
4). As a masonry block, a pseudo joint is formed on the side surface, and a vertical joint is formed by using a block in which multi-step groove portions are formed in the block longitudinal direction while leaving both end surfaces of the block upper surface area on the block upper surface. Method of constructing a masonry block structure having a block joint with a joint area of 4 to 6 mm having a pseudo-joint formed at the center of an adjacent vertical joint, a decorative face having a substantially square appearance, and a joint width of 4 to 6 mm The mortar is filled from the upper surface of the masonry block into at least the first multi-stage groove, and the masonry block is moved vertically while passing through the mortar so that the masonry blocks do not directly contact each other in the vertical direction A masonry construction method characterized by including a process of stacking.
5. As the masonry block, the masonry block according to any one of Items 1 to 3 is used , a pseudo joint is formed at the center of the vertical joint and the adjacent vertical joint, and the decorative surface is a substantially square set This is a method of constructing a masonry block structure that has a body appearance and is a block rod with a joint width of 4 to 6 mm, and is filled with mortar from the upper surface of the masonry block to at least the first multistage groove And the masonry construction method characterized by including the process of stacking the masonry blocks in the up-down direction through the mortar so that the masonry blocks do not directly contact in the up-down direction.

  According to the masonry block of the present invention, since the mortar housing groove is formed at a specific location, the mortar can escape to the mortar housing groove even if the mortar usage amount exceeds the specified amount. It is possible to effectively prevent the mortar from protruding on the surface of the masonry block structure such as a ridge or the vicinity thereof. Thereby, the mortar of joints (especially side joints) becomes difficult to see, and an excellent aesthetic appearance can be obtained. At the same time, the joint presser and the like required in the conventional block are not necessary, and the process can be simplified. As a result of these, problems due to skill differences and experience differences among craftsmen can be alleviated or solved, and any craftsman can construct a masonry block structure having an excellent aesthetic appearance.

  Moreover, a masonry block structure having a desired joint width can be obtained by forming the multi-stage groove portion and the mortar housing groove or changing the sizes thereof. For example, it is possible to make a block rod having a relatively narrow joint width of 4 to 6 mm (particularly 4.5 to 5.5 mm). Such joint width is easier to construct than ultra-fine joints of less than 4 mm, and the resulting masonry block structure does not protrude from joint mortar, and the joint mortar is more coupled with the narrow joint width. It is excellent in that it can be harder to see.

  Furthermore, in the masonry block of the present invention, as described above, when excess mortar is accommodated in the mortar accommodation groove, the contact area between the mortar and the block is larger than when there is no mortar accommodation groove. Therefore, it is possible to obtain such high strength.

  According to the construction method of the present invention, the mortar (horizontal joint) is interposed in the vertical direction so that the masonry blocks are not in direct contact with each other. It can absorb effectively and can produce the masonry block structure as a desired design. Moreover, the structure excellent in the design can be provided by providing about 5 mm pseudo joint (rib (vertical groove)) on a decorative surface (concrete decorative surface).

  In particular, when the masonry block of the present invention is used as the masonry block, the mortar housing groove can effectively prevent the mortar from protruding, so the joint pressing or scraping work is omitted. Can do. As a result, it is possible to construct a masonry block structure excellent in aesthetics more easily regardless of the skill level of the craftsman.

  The masonry block structure thus obtained is 390 to 398 mm × 190 mm × 100 to 150 mm in a normal concrete block, but in the present invention, the width of the horizontal joint is set to 4.5 to 5.5 mm, for example. When the block size is set to 398 mm × 195 mm × 120 mm (150 mm) and the joint surface is provided with a pseudo joint of about 5 mm in the vertical direction (in some cases, the horizontal direction) of the block decorative surface, A block structure can also be constructed. Since such a structure also gives a sense of unity after construction, an excellent aesthetic appearance can be exhibited in that respect. In addition, when blocks having different designs, colors, shapes, textures, and the like are used, problems such as color unevenness can be solved, and it can be expected as a product that can meet the demands of various customers.

It is the schematic which shows the state which has arrange | positioned the mortar in the conventional block. It is the schematic which shows the lower surface, decorative surface, and upper surface of the masonry block of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the upper surface of the block for masonry of this invention. It is a figure which shows the state which mounts the masonry block (upper side) on the masonry block (lower side) of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the shape (cross-sectional shape) of the mortar accommodation groove | channel in the masonry block of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the shape (cross-sectional shape) of the mortar accommodation groove | channel in the masonry block of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the shape (cross-sectional shape) of the mortar accommodation groove | channel in the masonry block of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the shape (cross-sectional shape) of the mortar accommodation groove | channel in the masonry block of this invention. It is a schematic diagram of the process of the construction method of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the decorative surface of the masonry block structure obtained by the construction method of this invention.

10 Block 11 Block top surface 12 Mortar (filled mortar)
13 Masonry block (bottom)
14 Masonry block (top)
21 Block hole 22 Block decorative surface 31 Multi-stage groove part second stage 32 Multi-stage groove part first stage 32 'Multi-stage groove part first stage 33 Block upper surface area 33' Block upper surface area 34 Mortar accommodation groove 34 'Mortar accommodation groove 40 Masonry block ( Upper (lower) groove (concave) step (inclined surface)
41 First step in multi-step groove (inclined surface)
42 Groove (recess) on the bottom of the masonry block (top)
43 Lower area 43 of masonry block (upper) 43 'Lower area 44 of masonry block (upper) Horizontal joint 45 Vertical joint 46 Pseudo joint

1. Masonry block In the masonry block of the present invention, a multi-stage groove portion is formed in the block longitudinal direction with both end faces of the block upper surface region remaining on the block upper surface, and the remaining block upper surface (uppermost surface) region A mortar receiving groove is formed on each of both end faces over the longitudinal direction of the block.

  The size and shape (outer shape) of the masonry block of the present invention are not limited, and the size and shape employed in known blocks (such as concrete blocks) can be employed. Moreover, the material is not limited, and any of concrete, ceramics, natural stone, and the like may be used. Furthermore, the masonry block of the present invention may be a decorative block. The block decorative surface may have a pseudo joint (groove) formed in the vertical direction or the horizontal direction.

  The multi-stage groove portion of the masonry block of the present invention is formed in a state where both end surfaces of the block upper surface region remain on the block upper surface. In the present invention, in a state where the block upper surface is viewed from above, a symmetric multi-stage groove portion (region) is formed with a center line running in the length direction of the block upper surface as an axis, and the same area as a non-multi-stage groove portion is formed on both sides thereof. It is preferable to form a region having the same.

  Moreover, the multistage groove part of the masonry block of this invention is formed in the substantially step shape, and can be set as the structure of 2 steps | paragraphs or 3 steps | paragraphs or more. Usually, a two-stage groove portion composed of a first stage and a second stage may be used. The step portion (surface in the height direction) of the multi-stage groove portion may be vertical (vertical) or may be inclined. In addition, the size of each step of the multi-step groove part, the height of the step, etc. are not particularly limited, but since the mortar is arranged at the time of construction on the first step counting from at least the block upper surface, the necessary amount of mortar It is preferable to set the size to be placed.

  Moreover, the multistage groove part is formed over the block longitudinal direction. Usually, it is preferable that the multistage groove part maintains the same cross-sectional shape over the longitudinal direction of the block. A block hole (through hole) for reinforcing bars may be formed in the middle of the multistage groove. The number, shape, and the like of the block holes are not limited, and those similar to those employed in known or commercially available concrete blocks can be employed.

  Mortar housing grooves are formed in the longitudinal direction of the block on both end faces of the block upper surface area that do not constitute the multistage groove portion. By forming mortar accommodation grooves on both end faces, excess mortar is accommodated, preventing the mortar from protruding on the surface of the masonry block structure, and creating an inconspicuous joint. The groove shape of the mortar housing groove may be any shape such as a concave shape, a V shape, and a U shape. Further, the number of mortar-accommodating grooves is not limited, and can be appropriately determined such as one or two according to the size of the masonry block, the area of the region, the groove width, the groove shape, and the like.

  Although the shape of the lower surface (bottom surface) of the masonry block of the present invention is not particularly limited, it has both end surfaces of the lower surface region corresponding to the both end surfaces, and a groove is formed in a portion other than the both end surfaces over the longitudinal direction of the block. It is possible to suitably adopt the configuration that has been made. Moreover, the mortar accommodation groove | channel may be formed in the block longitudinal direction in the both ends of a lower surface area | region (lowermost surface) similarly to an upper surface area | region. Thereby, it becomes possible to raise mortar capacity more. When having mortar accommodation grooves on both end faces of the lower surface area, the position, number and groove width of the mortar accommodation grooves are the same position so as to correspond (oppose) to the mortar accommodation grooves formed on both end faces of the upper surface area, It is desirable to form in the number and width. In addition, the groove shape (cross-sectional shape) of the mortar housing groove on both end surfaces of the lower surface region may be the same as or different from that of the mortar housing groove formed on both end surfaces of the upper surface region.

2. Construction method using a masonry block The construction method of the present invention is a masonry block in which a multi-stage groove is formed over the block longitudinal direction with both end surfaces of the block upper surface area remaining on the block upper surface. A method for constructing a masonry block structure using mortar so that at least the first stage multi-step groove is filled from the upper surface of the masonry block so that the masonry blocks do not directly contact each other in the vertical direction. Including a step of stacking the masonry blocks in the up and down direction.

  Further, in the present invention, a method for constructing a masonry block structure using the masonry block of the present invention, the mortar is filled into at least the first multi-stage groove portion from the upper surface of the masonry block. The construction method also includes a step of stacking the masonry blocks in the vertical direction through the mortar so that the product blocks do not directly contact each other in the vertical direction.

  Thus, in the construction method of the present invention, as the masonry block, in addition to the masonry block of the present invention described above, a block having no mortar housing groove can be used. And in this invention, it can arrange | position and stack so that a block upper surface may face upward at the time of construction, it can arrange | position so that a block upper surface may become the direction which piles up the masonry block at the time of construction. Just do it.

  In the construction method of the present invention, mortar is filled in at least the first stage portion of the multistage groove. As the mortar (composition containing cement and sand) in this case, a known or commercially available mortar can be used. The mortar may be filled in the first stage portion, but may be filled over the second stage or subsequent parts or the upper surface of the masonry block. Even in such a case, the excess mortar is filled in the multistage groove portion or the mortar housing groove, and thus does not protrude outward.

  After filling the mortar, a separately prepared masonry block is stacked from above. In this case, the masonry mortar is placed through a mortar (mortar layer) so that the upper and lower masonry blocks do not directly contact each other. In this way, a masonry block structure having joints (horizontal joints) can be obtained. In particular, when the masonry block of the present invention is used, the width of the horizontal joint can be adjusted more accurately. Therefore, for example, a horizontal joint having a relatively narrow width of 4.5 to 5.5 mm can be formed more easily. Such a horizontal joint is less noticeable in joint mortar and can exhibit an excellent aesthetic appearance. In particular, since a sense of unity (continuous feeling) can be produced in the lateral direction (horizontal direction), a new design that has never existed can be provided.

  In addition, in the construction method of this invention, it can implement according to a well-known method about processes (construction of a bar arrangement, a foundation, a retaining wall, etc.) other than the said characteristic. Therefore, for example, a decorative block can be used as a masonry block of the present invention, and a masonry block structure having a predetermined design can be produced using a corner block as needed together with a horizontal stripe block. Moreover, various designs can be given by using those having different designs and / or sizes of these decorative blocks.

  The features of the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples.

Example 1
The construction example using the masonry block of this invention is shown. FIG. 2 shows the lower surface (a) of the masonry block,
The schematic of side (decorative surface 22) (b) and the upper surface (c) is shown. This masonry block is made of concrete. The outer dimensions of the block are length 398 mm × height 195 mm × width 120 mm. Three block holes 21 per block are provided on the lower surface. In the lower surface (a), the groove portion 42 is formed in the block longitudinal direction except for both end portions 43 of the lower surface region, and the step 40 may form an inclined surface. The upper surface (c) is formed with a multi-stage groove portion composed of a multi-stage groove portion first step 32 and a second step 31 except for both end portions 33 of the lower surface region, and the step 40 of the first step 32 is inclined. It may have a surface. The second step has a U-shaped cross section. One block hole 21 per block is provided on the upper surface. The number and shape of the block holes on the upper surface and the lower surface can be appropriately set. In FIG. 2, the notation of the pseudo joint formed on the side surface and the mortar housing groove existing on the upper surface (c) is omitted.

  FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the upper surface of the masonry block as viewed from above. In FIG. 3, a multi-stage groove portion composed of a multi-stage groove portion second stage 31 and a multi-stage groove portion first stage 32, 32 ′ is formed in the block longitudinal direction with both end faces 33, 33 ′ of the block upper surface area remaining on the block upper surface. Further, one mortar housing groove 34, 34 'is formed in the longitudinal direction of the block on the both end faces 33, 33' of the remaining block upper surface region.

  FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a state in which the building blocks are stacked up and down as viewed from the side (cross section). This is a state in which the lower surface of the upper masonry block 14 is stacked on the upper surface of the lower masonry block 13. The masonry block 13 of FIG. 4 has a multi-stage groove portion composed of two stages of a first stage 32 and a second stage 31. In FIG. 4, the first step 41 of the multi-stage groove portion may constitute an inclined surface or may be formed vertically (vertically). The same applies to the steps of each step of the multi-step groove. Further, it may have a substantially arc-shaped or U-shaped groove shape (cross-sectional shape) as in the second stage of the multi-stage groove portion.

  Further, like the masonry block 14 in FIG. 4, the lower surface (bottom surface) of the masonry block of the present invention has groove portions 42 in a state where both end surfaces 43, 43 ′ of the block lower surface region are left on the block lower surface. It may be formed over the block longitudinal direction. In this case, it is desirable to form the both end faces 33 and 33 ′ of the masonry block 13 so as to face both end faces 43 and 43 ′ of the masonry block 14. Further, the widths of the both end faces 33, 33 ′ of the masonry block 13 and the widths of 43, 43 ′ of the masonry block 14 may be the same or different from each other. .

  Mortar receiving grooves (not shown) are formed on the both end faces 33, 33 'in the longitudinal direction. Enlarged views in the portion of circle A in FIG. 5 are shown in FIGS. As shown in these drawings, the groove shape (cross-sectional shape) of the mortar housing groove 34 is V-shaped (FIG. 5), trapezoidal (FIG. 6), U-shaped (FIG. 7), and concave (U-shaped). ) (FIG. 8) or the like. 5 to 8, the number of the mortar housing grooves 34 is two (a total of four at both ends), but may be one or three or more.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 4, mortar is placed on at least the first tiers 32 and 32 'of the multi-stage groove portion of the lower masonry block 13 (the display of the mortar in the first tier 32 is omitted). Next, the building blocks 14 are stacked from above. At this time, the mortar 12 placed on the first tiers 32 and 32 ′ of the multi-stage groove is pressed by the weight of the masonry block 14 and used for masonry with both end faces 33 and 33 ′ of the masonry block 13. Although it spreads in the horizontal direction through the gap between both end faces 43 and 43 ′ of the block 14, a part of the mortar is accommodated in the mortar accommodation groove 34 in the process of spreading. Thereby, it can prevent that mortar protrudes.

  An outline of a series of these steps is shown in FIG. First, the lower building block 13 is prepared, and mortar is placed on at least the first stages 32 and 32 'of the multi-stage groove. The masonry block 14 is placed from the top to the top. Thereby, the mortar 12 spreads in the horizontal direction, and a joint (horizontal joint) 44 is formed between the lower masonry mortar and the upper masonry mortar. That is, the lower masonry mortar and the upper masonry mortar are stacked through the joints of the mortar without being in direct contact with each other. In this case, if construction is performed so that the joint width is 4.5 to 5.5 mm (particularly 5 mm), the mortar of the joint becomes inconspicuous, and a masonry block structure exhibiting a particularly excellent appearance can be constructed. . In addition, in FIG. 9, illustration of the mortar accommodation groove | channel is abbreviate | omitted.

  An example of the decorative surface of the masonry block structure constructed in this way is shown in FIG. In FIG. 10, there are horizontal joints 44 and vertical joints 45, but pseudo joints 46 (vertical grooves) are formed between the vertical joints of the masonry block structure in the upper diagram and the adjacent vertical joints (center portion). ing. As described above, in the structure formed of the masonry block of the present invention, the joint mortar of the horizontal joint 44 is conspicuous, while the presence of the pseudo joint 46 makes the masonry block structure as if it is a decorative surface. Can give the impression of being made up of square blocks. Specifically, as described above, the width of the horizontal joint is set to, for example, 4.5 to 5.5 mm, the block size is set to 398 mm × 195 mm × 120 mm (or 150 mm), and the decorative surface is about 5 mm. When pseudo joints (longitudinal joints) are provided on the decorative surface, a masonry block structure having an external appearance (square grid-like external appearance) composed of an assembly of substantially square decorative surfaces can be constructed. Further, even when the pseudo joint is not provided, the horizontal joint is not conspicuous, and therefore, the masonry block structure can have a stable impression in the lateral direction.

Claims (5)

A masonry block for forming a block ridge with a joint surface having an appearance of a substantially square-shaped aggregate with a pseudo-joint formed at the center between the vertical joint and the adjacent vertical joint. In addition, a pseudo joint is formed on the side surface, and a multi-step groove portion is formed in the block longitudinal direction with both end surfaces of the block upper surface region remaining on the block upper surface, and the remaining block upper surface region has both end surfaces. A masonry block, wherein each of the mortar housing grooves is formed in the longitudinal direction of the block. The groove portion is formed in the block longitudinal direction with the both end surfaces of the block lower surface region remaining on the block lower surface, and the mortar receiving grooves are formed in the block longitudinal direction on both end surfaces of the remaining block lower surface region, respectively. Masonry block as described in. The masonry block according to claim 2, wherein the mortar housing groove on the upper surface of the block and the mortar housing groove on the lower surface of the block are formed so as to substantially face each other. As a masonry block, a pseudo joint is formed on the side surface, and a vertical joint is formed by using a block in which multi-step groove portions are formed in the block longitudinal direction while leaving both end surfaces of the block upper surface area on the block upper surface. Method of constructing a masonry block structure having a block joint with a joint area of 4 to 6 mm having a pseudo-joint formed at the center of an adjacent vertical joint, a decorative face having a substantially square appearance, and a joint width of 4 to 6 mm The mortar is filled from the upper surface of the masonry block into at least the first multi-stage groove, and the masonry block is moved vertically while passing through the mortar so that the masonry blocks do not directly contact each other in the vertical direction. A masonry construction method characterized by including a process of stacking. As a masonry block, using the masonry block according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , a pseudo joint is formed at the center between the vertical joint and the adjacent vertical joint, and the makeup surface is a substantially square set This is a method of constructing a masonry block structure that has a body appearance and is a block rod with a joint width of 4 to 6 mm, and is filled with mortar from the upper surface of the masonry block to at least the first multistage groove And the masonry construction method characterized by including the process of stacking the masonry blocks in the up-down direction through the mortar so that the masonry blocks do not directly contact in the up-down direction.