JP5395510B2 - Cutting method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a cutting method for cutting a plane of a workpiece such as a lower end surface (a mating surface with a cylinder block) of a cylinder head as an engine component, an upper end surface (a mating surface with a cylinder head) of a cylinder block, or the like. Is.

  Conventionally, as this type of cutting method, for example, a method as disclosed in Patent Document 1 has been proposed. In this conventional method, as shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, while rotating a large-diameter milling cutter 52 in a state where a workpiece W composed of a cylinder block is fixed on a fixed machine base 51 of a processing apparatus, The upper end surface Wa of the workpiece W is cut by the blade 52a on the lower surface of the milling cutter 52 by being moved along the upper end surface Wa of the W.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 61-169518

However, in this conventional cutting method, the upper end surface Wa of the workpiece W is cut by rotating and moving the milling cutter 52 while the workpiece W is fixed. Then, in order to shorten the machining time, the outer diameter R of the milling cutter 52 is set to be larger than the width L2 of the workpiece W when the cutting is completed with only one pass in one direction of the milling cutter 52. There is a need to. Further, the moving distance L1 of the milling cutter 52 is
Length W3 of workpiece W + outer diameter R of milling cutter 52
Must be set to be larger than

  For this reason, cutting cannot be performed using a general-purpose processing apparatus in which the outer diameter and moving distance of the cutter are limited, and it is necessary to use an expensive large-sized processing apparatus dedicated to cutting. Therefore, following the cutting of the upper end surface Wa of the workpiece W, the removal of burrs generated on the edge Wb of the upper end surface Wa at the time of cutting, the drilling of the holes Wc in the corners of the upper end surface Wa, and the like are performed. In such a case, it is necessary to install these processing devices separately from the processing device dedicated to cutting. As a result, there is a problem in that the equipment cost of the production line including the processing apparatus is increased and a large space is required for installing the production line including the processing apparatus.

  The present invention has been made paying attention to such problems existing in the prior art. The purpose is to provide a cutting method that can cut a workpiece using a general-purpose processing device, and can reduce the equipment cost of the processing device and the installation space of the production line including the processing device. There is to do.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a blade that supports a planar non-circular workpiece on a table, rotates the table around one axis, and rotates in a plane orthogonal to the rotation axis. A cutting method of cutting a plane of a workpiece by moving the cutter in a plane while rotating the workpiece , wherein the workpiece is an engine part in which a combustion chamber is formed, and the combustion formed on the plane of the workpiece The workpiece is supported so that the center of rotation of the table is positioned inside the hole of the chamber .

Therefore, according to the cutting method of the present invention, a cutter having an outer diameter smaller than the width of the workpiece can be used, and the moving distance of the cutter can be set smaller than the length of the workpiece. For this reason, cutting can be performed using a general-purpose processing device in which the outer diameter and moving distance of the cutter are limited, and burr removal processing and drilling processing are performed following the cutting processing by the general-purpose processing device. Other processing can be performed. Therefore, the equipment cost of the processing apparatus can be reduced, and the installation space for the processing apparatus can be reduced. In addition, the end face of the engine component can be cut efficiently and with high accuracy, and the cutting can be terminated when the cutter reaches the inner peripheral surface of the combustion chamber, so that the moving distance of the cutter can be further shortened.

In the above method, it is desirable to use a cutter having a smaller diameter than the short width dimension of the surface to be cut of the workpiece. In this way, a small processing apparatus can be used .

  In the cutting method, it is preferable that the workpiece is rotated around a position deviated from the center thereof as the table rotates. In this case, the moving distance can be shortened without moving the cutter to the center of the table.

Before Symbol method the cutting, the rotation center of the table of the holes of the combustion chamber may support the workpiece to match.

  In the cutting method, it is possible to use a cutter having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the hole of the combustion chamber. If the center of the hole in the combustion chamber is aligned with the center of rotation of the table, the cutter can be cut at the position of the hole that has passed through the surface to be cut of the workpiece, so that high-precision cutting is possible.

A flat non-circular workpiece is supported on a table, the table is rotated around a single axis, and a cutter having a blade rotated in a plane orthogonal to the rotation axis is rotated and moved in the plane. In this cutting method, the plane of the workpiece is cut, and the relative rotational speed between the cutter and the table is preferably increased as the cutter is moved closer to the rotation center of the table. In this case, the rotational peripheral speed of the workpiece does not decrease as it approaches the center of rotation of the table, and the possibility that the cutting accuracy may be reduced can be suppressed, and the peripheral peripheral speed can be made substantially constant. The entire plane of the workpiece can be cut with uniform accuracy.

  In the above method, a rotary table that supports the workpiece, a tool-changeable spindle head that faces the rotary table and supports the cutter, and at least one axis along the cutting direction and in the plane of the spindle head. It is preferable to use a machining center provided with a moving mechanism that moves in the direction.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to cut a workpiece using a general-purpose machining center, and it is possible to reduce the cost of the machining center and reduce the installation space of the machining center. To do.

The principal part longitudinal cross-sectional view which looked at the machining center which actualized this invention from the side. The principal part perspective view which shows the cutting method of 1st Embodiment by the machining center of FIG. The principal part top view of the cutting method of the workpiece | work of FIG. (A)-(c) is a front view which shows the tool used when performing another process following the cutting process of a workpiece | work. The principal part top view which shows the cutting method of 2nd Embodiment. The principal part top view which shows the cutting method of 3rd Embodiment. The principal part top view which shows the cutting method from which 3rd Embodiment differs. The principal part top view which shows the cutting method of 4th Embodiment. The principal part perspective view which shows the cutting method of the conventional workpiece | work. The principal part top view of the cutting method of the workpiece | work of FIG.

(First embodiment)
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of a machining center embodying a cutting method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  As shown in FIG. 1, in the machining center used in this embodiment, a processing unit frame 12 is mounted on an upper part of a machine base frame 11. A machining space 13 is formed at the front part in the machine base frame 11, and a tool changer space 14 is formed at the rear part. In the machining space 13, a table rotating motor 15 is installed on the machine base frame 11 via a bracket 16, and a rotating table 17 is attached to the motor shaft of the motor 15. A cylinder head, which is an engine component, is supported on the table 17 with the lower surface side facing up. That is, the work W is rotated around the coaxial line A when the table 17 is rotated about the vertical rotation axis A by the motor 15 while the work W having a planar non-circular shape is supported on the table 17. Is done.

  A Y-axis saddle 18 is supported on the processing unit frame 12 so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction (front-rear direction) via a pair of left and right guide rails 19 and a slider (not shown). A Y-axis moving motor 21 is disposed at the rear of the processing unit frame 12, and a ball screw 22 is connected to the motor shaft of the motor 21. Then, the Y-axis saddle 18 is moved in the Y-axis direction by rotating the ball screw 22 by the Y-axis moving motor 21.

  An X-axis saddle 24 is supported on the front surface of the Y-axis saddle 18 so as to be movable in the X-axis direction (left-right direction) via a pair of upper and lower guide rails 25 and a slider 26. Then, the X-axis saddle 24 is moved in the X-axis direction by the rotation of an X-axis moving motor (not shown).

  A Z-axis saddle 30 is supported on the front surface of the X-axis saddle 24 through a slider 31 and a pair of left and right guide rails 32 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction (vertical direction). A Z-axis moving motor 33 is disposed on the Z-axis saddle 30. The Z-axis saddle 30 is moved in the Z-axis direction by the rotation of the Z-axis moving motor 33.

  A spindle device 36 is mounted on the Z-axis saddle 30 in a downward direction. A cutting cutter 38 is detachably attached to the main shaft 37 of the main shaft device 36, and a plurality of blades 38 a are provided on the outer peripheral edge of the lower surface of the cutter 38. A spindle rotating motor 39 is arranged on the Z-axis saddle 30. Then, the main shaft 37 is rotated by the motor 39, whereby the cutting cutter 38 is rotated in one direction.

  In the tool changer space 14, a tool changer 40 is disposed on the machine base frame 11. The cutting cutter 38 and other tools are detachably supported on the outer periphery of the tool magazine 43 of the tool changer 40. As other tools, in addition to the cutting cutter 38, for example, as shown in FIGS. 4A to 4C, a burr removing tool 44 having a rotating brush 44a, a drilling tool 45 having a drill 45a, A taper cutter 46 having a taper cutting blade 46a is prepared.

  When the tool is changed by the tool changer 40, the tool magazine 43 is indexed and rotated by the magazine rotation motor 41, and a predetermined empty tool gripping portion 43a is connected to the main shaft 37 as shown by a chain line in FIG. And a corresponding tool change position in front. At the same time, the spindle device 36 is moved in the Y-axis, X-axis, and Z-axis directions, and the spindle 37 is arranged corresponding to the tool gripping portion 43a at the tool change position. In this state, the spindle device 36 is moved toward and away from the Y-axis direction by the Y-axis moving motor 21, whereby the tool on the spindle 37 is transferred to the tool gripping portion 43a. Subsequently, the main shaft 37 retreats upward in the Z-axis direction and leaves the tool, and the tool magazine 43 is indexed and rotated so that a required tool faces the main shaft 37. Then, the spindle 37 descends to receive the tool and return to the original position. In this way, the tool is exchanged between the tool spindle 37 and the tool gripping portion 43a.

Next, a cutting method for cutting the upper end surface Wa of the workpiece W by the machining center configured as described above will be described.
When cutting a workpiece W made of a cylinder head, which is an engine component, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a lower end surface (a mating surface with a cylinder block) in which a plurality of combustion chamber holes Wd are formed. The workpiece W is fixedly supported on the table 17 in a state in which is directed upward. Accordingly, the lower end surface becomes the upper end surface Wa during cutting. In this case, the center portion of the workpiece W having a planar non-circular shape is disposed on the rotation axis A of the table 17. In this state, the spindle device 36 is moved in the Y-axis, X-axis, and Z-axis directions, and the cutting cutter 38 attached to the spindle 37 is moved to the end of the upper end surface Wa of the workpiece W as shown by solid lines in FIG. It is arranged at a position close to the rotation locus C of the edge. The cutting cutter 38 has an outer diameter R smaller than the short width L2 of the upper end surface Wa that is the surface to be cut of the workpiece.

  Thereafter, the table rotation motor 15 rotates the table 17 at a high speed (for example, 3000 rpm), and the workpiece W is rotated in one direction around the rotation axis A. At the same time, the main shaft 37 is rotated at a high speed (for example, 3000 rpm) by the main shaft rotating motor 39, and the cutting cutter 38 is rotated in the direction opposite to the workpiece W. Then, the spindle device 36 is moved in the Y-axis direction by the Y-axis moving motor 21, and the cutting cutter 38 is indicated by a chain line from the position indicated by the solid line in FIG. 3 in a plane orthogonal to the rotational axis A of the table 17. The position, that is, the forward end of the cutter surface is moved to a position slightly beyond the center of the table 17. By this movement, the entire upper end surface Wa of the workpiece W is cut by the blade 38a of the cutting cutter 38.

  In this case, as the cutting cutter 38 is moved closer to the rotation center of the table 17, the rotational speed of the cutter 38 is adjusted to gradually increase. By this adjustment, the reduction in the cutting speed that occurs as the rotational peripheral speed of the workpiece W becomes lower as it approaches the center of rotation is corrected, and cutting with uniform accuracy is performed over the entire upper end surface Wa of the workpiece W.

  Further, after the upper end surface Wa of the workpiece W is cut by the cutting cutter 38, other machining is continuously performed on the workpiece W using the same machining center as necessary. In this case, the tool changing device 40 sequentially replaces and installs the deburring tool 44, the drilling tool 45, and the taper cutter 46 as shown in FIGS. . Then, with the burr removal tool 44 attached, removal of burrs generated on the edge Wb of the upper end surface Wa of the workpiece W during cutting is performed. Further, in a state where the drilling tool 45 is mounted, drilling of a hole Wc for a bolt on, for example, a corner portion of the workpiece W is performed. Further, taper processing is performed on the inner surface of the hole Wd of each combustion chamber of the workpiece W with the taper cutter 46 mounted.

Therefore, this embodiment has the following effects.
(1) In the cutting method of this embodiment, while the workpiece W is supported on the table 17, the table 17 is rotated about the vertical rotation axis A and the cutting cutter 38 is rotated. The upper end surface Wa of the workpiece W is cut by being moved in a plane orthogonal to the rotational axis A of the table 17. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, even if a cutting cutter 38 having an outer diameter R smaller than the width L2 of the workpiece W is used, the workpiece W can be cut in one pass. For this reason, the cutting cutter 38 may have a small diameter, and the workpiece W can be cut by a general-purpose small machining center.

  (2) In the cutting method of this embodiment, the moving distance L1 of the cutting cutter 38 can be set smaller than the length L3 of the workpiece W. That is, since the workpiece W is rotated, as shown by a solid line and a chain line in FIG. 3, the cutting cutter 38 is at least a cutter from a position close to the rotation locus C of the edge of the upper end surface Wa of the workpiece W. The entire upper end surface Wa of the workpiece W can be cut only by moving the forward end of the surface to a position slightly beyond the rotational axis A of the table 17. Therefore, similarly to the above, the moving stroke for cutting the cutter 38 may be short, and the workpiece W can be cut by a general-purpose small machining center.

  (3) In the cutting method of this embodiment, cutting can be performed using a general-purpose machining center as the machining center as described above, and subsequently, the same machining center is used to remove burrs and drill holes. Other processing such as processing can be performed. As a result, the equipment cost of the production line including the machining center can be reduced, and the installation space of the production line including the machining center can be reduced. For this reason, the degree of freedom increases in the layout of the production line including the machining center in the factory.

  (4) In the cutting method of this embodiment, as the cutting cutter 38 is moved closer to the rotation center of the table 17, the cutter 38 is adjusted so that the rotational speed thereof increases. For this reason, even if the rotational peripheral speed of the workpiece W decreases as it approaches the center of rotation of the table 17, the relative rotational speed between the cutting cutter 38 and the workpiece W can be maintained, and therefore the possibility that the cutting speed is reduced is suppressed. The entire upper end surface Wa of the workpiece W can be cut with uniform accuracy.

(5) Since drilling can be performed by indexing the table and moving the machining center in the Y axis, it is possible to use a simple machining center that does not have an X axis moving mechanism for moving the tool in the X axis direction. . That is, one shaft configuration of the machining center can be omitted, and the configuration can be simplified, compact, and light.
(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with a focus on differences from the first embodiment.

  In the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the workpiece W is supported on the table 17 at a position deviated from the rotation axis A, and the workpiece W is cut. That is, as the table 17 rotates, the workpiece W is set to be rotated around a position deviated from the center thereof, and the workpiece W is cut.

  In this case, as shown by the solid line and the chain line in FIG. 5, the cutting cutter 38 is located near the rotation axis A of the table 17 from the position close to the rotation locus C of the edge of the upper end surface Wa of the workpiece W. If it moves to this position, the whole upper end surface Wa of the workpiece | work W can be cut. That is, as indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 5, at the position where the workpiece W is rotated to the movement start position side of the cutting cutter 38 as the table 17 rotates, the forward end of the cutting cutter 38 is on the workpiece W side. The cutting cutter 38 may be moved to a position exceeding the edge portion We.

Therefore, the second embodiment has the following effects.
(6) Since it is only necessary to move the cutting cutter 38 to a position where the forward end thereof exceeds the side edge portion We of the workpiece W, the cutting cutter 38 is not moved to the rotation center of the table 17. Can be shortened.

(Third embodiment)
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with a focus on differences from the first embodiment.
In the third embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the table 17 is located inside the combustion chamber hole Wd of the workpiece W (in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, the center of the combustion chamber hole Wd of the workpiece W). The workpiece W is supported so that the rotation axis A of the A is located.

  By doing so, it is not necessary for the cutting end 38 to reach the rotational axis A of the table 17 during cutting, and the leading end only needs to reach the circumferential surface position of the hole Wd in the combustion chamber of the workpiece W.

Therefore, the third embodiment has the following effects.
(7) Since the forward end of the cutting cutter 38 only needs to reach the circumferential surface position of the hole Wd of the combustion chamber, the moving distance of the cutting cutter 38 can be further shortened.

(Fourth embodiment)
Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with a focus on differences from the first embodiment.
In the fourth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, the outer diameter of the cutting cutter 38 is formed smaller than the diameter of the hole Wd of the combustion chamber of the workpiece W. Further, the workpiece W is supported so that the rotational axis A of the table 17 is positioned at the center of the hole Wd of the combustion chamber at the center of the workpiece W. Then, the cutting cutter 38 is entirely moved by cutting from a position outside the rotation locus C of the workpiece W to a position corresponding to the hole Wd of the central combustion chamber.

By doing so, the fourth embodiment has the following effects.
(8) Since the cutting cutter 38 is cut and moved to a position corresponding to the hole Wd in the center combustion chamber, the cutting can be finished inside the hole Wd that has passed through the upper end surface Wa. Wa can be finished with high accuracy.

(Example of change)
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may be embodied as follows.

-In the said embodiment, cutting the upper end surface or lower end surface of the cylinder block which is an engine component as the workpiece | work W.
In the above-described embodiment, a plurality of workpieces W are arranged on the table 17, and the workpieces W are simultaneously cut by one cutting cutter 38.

  -Use not only the configuration shown in the embodiment, but also a machining center having another configuration, for example, a compact device in which the X-axis moving mechanism is omitted.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 15 ... Motor for table rotation, 17 ... Table, 18 ... Y-axis saddle, 21 ... Motor for Y-axis movement, 36 ... Spindle device, 37 ... Main shaft, 38 ... Cutting cutter, 38a ... Blade, W ... Workpiece, Wa ... Upper end surface, Wd ... hole in combustion chamber, A ... axis.

Claims (7)

A flat non-circular workpiece is supported on a table, the table is rotated around a single axis, and a cutter having a blade rotated in a plane orthogonal to the rotation axis is rotated and moved in the plane. A cutting method for cutting a plane of a workpiece ,
The work is an engine component in which a combustion chamber is formed, and the work is supported so that the center of rotation of the table is positioned inside a hole of the combustion chamber formed in the plane of the work . A flat non-circular workpiece is supported on a table, the table is rotated around a single axis, and a cutter having a blade rotated in a plane orthogonal to the rotation axis is rotated and moved in the plane. A cutting method for cutting a plane of a workpiece,
A cutting method characterized by increasing the relative rotational speed between the cutter and the table as the cutter is moved closer to the rotation center of the table. The cutting method according to claim 1, wherein a cutter having a smaller diameter than a short width dimension of a surface to be cut of the workpiece is used. The cutting method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the workpiece is rotated around a position deviated from a central portion thereof as the table rotates. The cutting method according to claim 1, wherein the workpiece is supported so that a center of the hole of the combustion chamber coincides with a rotation center of the table. The cutting method according to claim 5, wherein a cutter having a diameter smaller than a diameter of the hole of the combustion chamber is used. A rotary table that supports the workpiece, a tool-changeable spindle head that faces the rotary table and supports the cutter, and a movement that moves the spindle head in a cutting direction and at least one axial direction along the plane. The cutting method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a machining center provided with a mechanism is used.

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