JP5394165B2 - Silicate based chemical solution for soil stabilization and ground stabilization method using the same - Google Patents
Silicate based chemical solution for soil stabilization and ground stabilization method using the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP5394165B2 JP5394165B2 JP2009190134A JP2009190134A JP5394165B2 JP 5394165 B2 JP5394165 B2 JP 5394165B2 JP 2009190134 A JP2009190134 A JP 2009190134A JP 2009190134 A JP2009190134 A JP 2009190134A JP 5394165 B2 JP5394165 B2 JP 5394165B2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
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Description
本発明は、地盤改良のための珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液、およびこれを用いた地盤安定化工法に関する。 The present invention relates to a silicate-based soil stabilization chemical for ground improvement, and a ground stabilization method using the same.
従来、軟弱地盤を強化したり漏水地盤を止水したりするために、種々の薬液を地盤内に注入し地盤内でゲル化させる地盤安定化工法が知られている。薬液としては、安価であることから、珪酸ナトリウム水溶液を主剤とし、これに硬化剤成分の水溶液ないし水懸濁液とを組合せた薬液である珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液が広く使用されている。
珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液には、以下に示す性質や性能が要求される。
（ｉ）硬化時間（ゲルタイム）の調節が容易で、しかも調節範囲が広いこと。
（ii）高い硬化体強度が得られること。
（iii）土質安定薬液の地盤への浸透性が高いこと。
Conventionally, in order to reinforce a soft ground or stop a leaking ground, a ground stabilization method is known in which various chemicals are injected into the ground and gelled in the ground. As a chemical solution, since it is inexpensive, a silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution, which is a chemical solution in which a sodium silicate aqueous solution is a main ingredient and an aqueous solution or suspension of a curing agent component is combined, is widely used.
The following properties and performances are required for the silicate-based soil stabilization chemicals.
(I) The adjustment of the curing time (gel time) is easy and the adjustment range is wide.
(Ii) A high cured body strength can be obtained.
(Iii) High soil permeability chemical solution penetration into the ground.
現在、珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液の硬化剤としては様々なものが知られているが、中でも、その使用量を変えることで珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液の硬化時間を数秒から１〜２時間程度まで幅広く調整することができ、取扱いが容易なこと等から、硫酸水素ナトリウムを主成分とする、いわゆる硫酸水素塩系硬化剤が広く用いられている。 Currently, various curing agents for silicate-based soil stabilization chemicals are known. Among them, the curing time of silicate-based soil stabilization chemicals can be changed from a few seconds to 1 to 2 hours by changing the amount used. So-called hydrogen sulfate-based curing agents mainly composed of sodium hydrogen sulfate are widely used because they can be adjusted to a wide range and are easy to handle.
本出願人は「高い硬化体強度が得られること」を目的として、特許文献１および特許文献２にて、硫酸水素ナトリウムと、マグネシウム化合物と、アルミニウム化合物とからなる硫酸水素塩系硬化剤を用いた珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液を提案した。 The present applicant uses a hydrogen sulfate-based curing agent comprising sodium hydrogen sulfate, a magnesium compound, and an aluminum compound in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 for the purpose of “obtaining high strength of the cured product”. A silicate-based soil stabilization chemical was proposed.
具体的に、特許文献１では、硫酸水素ナトリウムと、水酸化マグネシウムおよび／または酸化マグネシウムと、硫酸水素ナトリウムに対して３〜３０質量％の硫酸アルミニウムとからなる硬化剤を用いた珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液が提案されている。すなわち、この珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液にはアルミニウム化合物とマグネシウム化合物が含まれている。そして、この珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液によれば、珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液の硬化時間が数秒ないし十数秒の、いわゆる瞬結工法での施工を行った場合でも高い硬化体強度が得られる、とされている。 Specifically, in Patent Document 1, a silicate-based soil using a hardener composed of sodium hydrogen sulfate, magnesium hydroxide and / or magnesium oxide, and 3 to 30% by mass of aluminum sulfate with respect to sodium hydrogen sulfate. Stabilizing chemicals have been proposed. That is, this silicate-based soil stabilization chemical contains an aluminum compound and a magnesium compound. And, according to this silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution, a high cured body strength can be obtained even when the silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution has a curing time of a few seconds to a few tens of seconds, and is applied by the so-called instantaneous setting method. It is said that.
特許文献２では、硫酸水素ナトリウムと、硫酸水素ナトリウムに対して１〜５質量％の水酸化マグネシウムおよび／または酸化マグネシウムと、硫酸水素ナトリウム成分に対して８〜２０質量％の硫酸アルミニウムとからなる硬化剤を用い、ＳｉＯ２／Ｎａ２Ｏモル比が３．３〜４．２の珪酸ソーダ水溶液中の珪酸ソーダのＳｉＯ２に対して、硫酸水素ナトリウムと水酸化マグネシウムおよび／または酸化マグネシウムと硫酸アルミニウムの合計が２７〜３５質量％の割合とする珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液が提案されている。すなわち、この珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液においてもアルミニウム化合物とマグネシウム化合物が含まれている。そして、この珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液によれば、珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液の硬化時間をダブルパッカー注入方式に適した１時間から１時間４０分程度とした場合でも高い硬化体強度が得られる、とされている。 In patent document 2, it consists of sodium hydrogensulfate, 1-5 mass% magnesium hydroxide and / or magnesium oxide with respect to sodium hydrogensulfate, and 8-20 mass% aluminum sulfate with respect to a sodium hydrogensulfate component. Using a curing agent, sodium hydrogen sulfate and magnesium hydroxide and / or magnesium oxide and sulfuric acid with respect to SiO 2 of sodium silicate in an aqueous solution of sodium silicate having a SiO 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio of 3.3 to 4.2 A silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution having a total aluminum content of 27 to 35% by mass has been proposed. That is, this silicate-based soil stabilization chemical also contains an aluminum compound and a magnesium compound. And according to this silicate type soil stabilization chemical solution, even when the curing time of the silicate type soil stabilization chemical solution is set to about 1 hour to 1 hour 40 minutes suitable for the double packer injection method, a high cured body strength is obtained. It is supposed to be.
ところで、硬化剤の現場への搬入作業や、施工現場での硬化剤液の調製作業等での作業効率性を考慮すると、所望の硬化時間や強度を得るための硬化剤の使用量は少ない程よい。
硬化剤の使用量を少なくして硬化時間を数分から数時間程度、いわゆる緩結型から長結型に調整した珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液は、地盤に対する浸透性に優れる。しかし、その一方で、地下水流の大きい地盤や空隙の大きい地盤等、地盤条件によっては、土質安定用薬液が硬化（ゲル化）しないうちに施工箇所以外の地盤に流出し、施工を不確実なものにする場合があった。
対して、硬化剤の使用量を多くして硬化時間を数秒から十数秒程度、いわゆる瞬結型に調整した珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液は、施工箇所以外の地盤に流出しにくいものの、地盤に対する浸透性に乏しく、均質な地盤改良が行われにくい場合があった。
By the way, in consideration of work efficiency in the work of bringing the hardener into the field and the preparation work of the hardener liquid at the construction site, the smaller the amount of the hardener used for obtaining the desired curing time and strength, the better. .
A silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution in which the amount of curing agent used is reduced and the curing time is adjusted from a few minutes to several hours, that is, from a so-called slow-setting type to a long-setting type, is excellent in permeability to the ground. However, on the other hand, depending on the ground conditions, such as ground with a large groundwater flow or ground with a large gap, the soil stabilization chemical solution will flow into the ground other than the construction site before it hardens (gels), making construction uncertain. There was a case.
On the other hand, silicate-based soil stabilization chemicals that have been adjusted to a so-called instantaneous setting type by increasing the amount of curing agent used for several seconds to a few dozen seconds are difficult to flow out to the ground other than the construction site, There was a case where it was difficult to perform uniform ground improvement due to poor permeability.
従って、施工をより確実なものにするためには、瞬結型に調整された珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液と、緩結型から長結型に調整された珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液を適宜使い分けて施工を行う場合もあった。この場合、一つの施工現場において、硬化時間の異なる２種以上の珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液を使い分けるため、施工を煩雑なものにしていた。 Therefore, in order to make the construction more reliable, a silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution adjusted to a quick setting type and a silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution adjusted from a slow setting type to a long setting type are appropriately used. There were also cases where construction was carried out properly. In this case, in one construction site, since two or more kinds of silicate-based soil stabilization chemicals having different curing times are properly used, the construction is complicated.
しかしながら、特許文献１、２に記載の珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液は、硬化時間の調節が容易でしかも調節範囲が広く、かつ高い硬化体強度が得られるものの、特許文献１、２のいずれにも、地盤への浸透性を向上させるための技術的知見は一切言及されていない。 However, the silicate soil stabilization chemicals described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 are easy to adjust the curing time, have a wide adjustment range, and provide a high cured body strength. However, no technical knowledge for improving the permeability to the ground is mentioned.
なお、特許文献１、２に記載の珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液には、硫酸水素ナトリウムに対して特定量の硫酸アルミニウムが含まれるが、硫酸アルミニウムには化学式：Ａｌ２（ＳＯ４）３で表される無水塩の他、化学式：Ａｌ２（ＳＯ４）３・ｎＨ２Ｏ（ｎ＝６、１０、１６、１８、２７）で表される多種の含水塩が存在する。そして、各々の含水塩では、例えば融点や溶解度などの物理化学的性質が異なることは周知である。従って、硫酸アルミニウム無水塩と硫酸アルミニウム含水塩とは異なる物質であると言える。
しかしながら、特許文献１、２には、単に「硫酸アルミニウム」としか記載されていないため、それが無水塩であるのか、含水塩であるのかが不明である。ただし、単に「硫酸アルミニウム」と言えば、それは無水塩を示すのが一般的である。また、特許文献１、２には、硫酸アルミニウム無水塩を用いた場合と硫酸アルミニウム含水塩を用いた場合とで効果に違いが生じることは記載されていない。
The silicate-based soil stabilization chemicals described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 contain a specific amount of aluminum sulfate relative to sodium hydrogen sulfate. Aluminum sulfate has the chemical formula: Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 . In addition to the anhydrous salt represented, there are various hydrated salts represented by the chemical formula: Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 · nH 2 O (n = 6, 10, 16, 18, 27). Each hydrate salt is well known to have different physicochemical properties such as melting point and solubility. Therefore, it can be said that the anhydrous aluminum sulfate and the aluminum sulfate hydrate are different substances.
However, since Patent Documents 1 and 2 merely describe “aluminum sulfate”, it is unclear whether it is an anhydrous salt or a hydrated salt. However, simply speaking “aluminum sulfate” generally indicates an anhydrous salt. Further, Patent Documents 1 and 2 do not describe that there is a difference in effect between using an aluminum sulfate anhydrous salt and using an aluminum sulfate hydrate.
本発明の目的は、硬化時間が瞬結型に調整された場合でも、地盤に対する浸透性が高い珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液、およびこれを用いた地盤安定化工法を提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is to provide a silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution having high permeability to the ground, and a ground stabilization method using the same even when the curing time is adjusted to be instantaneously set.
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決すべく鋭意検討した結果、珪酸ナトリウム水溶液を主剤とし、硫酸水素ナトリウムを硬化剤とする珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液において、単位容積の硬化剤中に、特定のアルミニウム化合物のみを特定のモル数で配合することで、土質安定用薬液の硬化時間が浸透性に乏しい瞬結型として調整された場合でも、従来よりも高い浸透性が得られることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have identified a sodium silicate aqueous solution as a main agent and sodium hydrogen sulfate as a curing agent in a unit volume of the curing agent, with a specific volume of the curing agent. By blending only the aluminum compound in a specific number of moles, even when the hardening time of the soil stabilization chemical solution is adjusted as an instantaneous setting type with poor permeability, it has been found that higher permeability than before can be obtained, The present invention has been completed.
本発明は、以下の態様を包含する。
［１］ 珪酸ナトリウムを５質量％以上含有する主剤液と、硬化剤液とを含む珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液において、前記硬化剤液は、硫酸水素ナトリウムと、硫酸アルミニウム無水塩および／または硫酸アルミニウム含水塩と、水とからなり、かつ、前記硫酸アルミニウム無水塩および硫酸アルミニウム含水塩の含有量が、当該硬化剤液２００リットルあたり、３〜１５モルであり、前記珪酸ナトリウムは、ＳｉＯ ２ ／Ｎａ ２ Ｏモル比が３．３〜４．２であることを特徴とする珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液。
［２］ 前記硫酸アルミニウム含水塩が、硫酸アルミニウム１８水塩および／または硫酸アルミニウム１６水塩である、［１］に記載の珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液。
［３］ ［１］または［２］に記載の珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液を地盤に注入し、地盤内で硬化させる、地盤安定化工法。
The present invention includes the following aspects.
[1] In a silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution containing a main agent solution containing 5% by mass or more of sodium silicate and a curing agent solution, the curing agent solution is sodium hydrogen sulfate, aluminum sulfate anhydrate and / or sulfuric acid. an aluminum salt hydrate, Ri water Toka Rana, and the content of the aluminum sulfate anhydrous salt and aluminum sulfate salt hydrate is, the sclerosant liquid 200 per liter Ri 3-15 mol der, the sodium silicate is, SiO 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio is silicate soil stabilizing chemical solution, wherein 3.3 to 4.2 der Rukoto.
[ 2 ] The silicate soil stabilization chemical solution according to [1 ], wherein the aluminum sulfate hydrate is aluminum sulfate 18 hydrate and / or aluminum sulfate 16 hydrate.
[ 3 ] A ground stabilization method in which the silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution according to [1] or [2] is injected into the ground and cured in the ground.
本発明の珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液は、硬化時間が瞬結型に調整された場合でも、地盤に対する浸透性が高い。
また、本発明の地盤安定化工法によれば、均質な地盤改良を行うことができ、確実で効率的に地盤を安定化できる。
The silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution of the present invention has high permeability to the ground even when the curing time is adjusted to a quick setting type.
Moreover, according to the ground stabilization method of the present invention, it is possible to perform homogeneous ground improvement, and the ground can be stabilized reliably and efficiently.
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
［珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液］
本発明の珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液（以下、単に「薬液」という場合がある。）は、主剤液と硬化剤液とを含む。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[Silica-based soil stabilization chemicals]
The silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “chemical solution”) includes a main agent solution and a curing agent solution.
主剤液は、珪酸ナトリウムを主成分とする。
珪酸ナトリウムとしては、従来、珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液に用いられているものが使用できる。例えば、日本工業規格（ＪＩＳ Ｋ−１４０８）に規定されている１〜３号珪酸ナトリウムが好ましいが、これらに限定されず、日本工業規格以外のものであってもよい。また、ＳｉＯ２／Ｎａ２Ｏモル比が、４〜６の範囲にあるシリカゾルを用いることもできる。
The main agent liquid contains sodium silicate as a main component.
As sodium silicate, what is conventionally used for the chemical | medical solution for silicate type | system | group soil stabilization can be used. For example, although No. 1-3 sodium silicate prescribed | regulated to Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS K-1408) is preferable, it is not limited to these and things other than Japanese Industrial Standard may be sufficient. A silica sol having a SiO 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio in the range of 4 to 6 can also be used.
これらの中でも、より高い浸透性が得られることから、ＳｉＯ２／Ｎａ２Ｏモル比が、３．３〜４．２の範囲である珪酸ナトリウムを用いるのが好ましい。このような珪酸ナトリウムとしては、一般に市販されている５号珪酸ナトリウム（例えば、東洋珪酸曹達株式会社製）等が挙げられる。 Among these, since higher permeability is obtained, it is preferable to use sodium silicate having a SiO 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio in the range of 3.3 to 4.2. Examples of such sodium silicate include commercially available No. 5 sodium silicate (for example, manufactured by Toyo Silica Soda Co., Ltd.).
これら珪酸ナトリウムは一般に水溶液状になっているが、施工時に更に水で希釈して土質安定化に適した適宜の濃度にすることができる。例えば、主剤液と硬化剤液とを等容量ずつ混合しながら地盤中に注入する通常の施工方法において、珪酸ナトリウム源として日本工業規格（ＪＩＳ Ｋ−１４０８）に規定されている３号珪酸ナトリウムを用いる場合、当該３号珪酸ナトリウム５０〜１５０容量部を水で希釈して２００容量部にしたものを主剤液として使用するのが好ましい。より好ましくは６０〜１４０容量部、さらに好ましくは７０〜１２０容量部の３号珪酸ナトリウムを、水で希釈して２００容量部にして主剤液として使用する。
当該３号珪酸ナトリウムを５０容量部以上使用すると、地盤安定化の効果（硬化体の強度）が十分に得られるようになる。一方、３号珪酸ナトリウムを１５０容量部以下使用すると、薬液の粘度が高くなることにより薬液の粘度が増大し、ポンプによる圧送の際のポンプ負荷が増大したり、薬液の地盤内での浸透性が低下したりするのを防ぐことができる。
These sodium silicates are generally in the form of an aqueous solution, but can be further diluted with water at the time of construction so as to have an appropriate concentration suitable for soil stabilization. For example, in a normal construction method in which the main agent solution and the hardener solution are mixed into the ground while mixing equal volumes, No. 3 sodium silicate defined in Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS K-1408) is used as the sodium silicate source. When using, it is preferable to use as a main ingredient liquid what diluted the said 3 sodium silicate 50-150 volume part with water to 200 volume part. More preferably, 60 to 140 parts by volume, more preferably 70 to 120 parts by volume of No. 3 sodium silicate is diluted with water to 200 parts by volume and used as the main agent liquid.
When the No. 3 sodium silicate is used in an amount of 50 parts by volume or more, the effect of ground stabilization (hardened body strength) can be sufficiently obtained. On the other hand, if sodium silicate No. 3 is used in an amount of 150 parts by volume or less, the viscosity of the chemical solution increases due to an increase in the viscosity of the chemical solution, the pump load during pumping increases, and the permeability of the chemical solution in the ground Can be prevented from decreasing.
本発明において、主剤液は５質量％以上の珪酸ナトリウムを含有する。主剤液１００質量％中、珪酸ナトリウムを５質量％以上含有することで、硬化剤と混合したときに十分な硬化効果が得られる。
主剤液中の珪酸ナトリウムの割合（濃度）は、高くなるほど処理地盤の初期強度を大きくすることができる。ただし、主剤液中の珪酸ナトリウムの濃度が高くなりすぎると、薬液の粘度が過度に上昇し、ポンプによる圧送の際に機器負荷が増大したり、薬液の地盤中での浸透性が低下したりする場合がある。従って、主剤液１００質量％中の珪酸ナトリウムの濃度は、１０〜３５質量％が好ましい。
In the present invention, the main agent solution contains 5% by mass or more of sodium silicate. By containing 5% by mass or more of sodium silicate in 100% by mass of the main agent liquid, a sufficient curing effect can be obtained when mixed with a curing agent.
The higher the proportion (concentration) of sodium silicate in the main agent solution, the greater the initial strength of the treated ground. However, if the concentration of sodium silicate in the main solution becomes too high, the viscosity of the chemical will increase excessively, increasing the equipment load when pumping with the pump, or reducing the permeability of the chemical in the ground. There is a case. Therefore, the concentration of sodium silicate in 100% by mass of the main agent liquid is preferably 10 to 35% by mass.
硬化剤液は、硫酸水素ナトリウムと、硫酸アルミニウム無水塩および／または硫酸アルミニウム含水塩と、水とからなる。
硫酸水素ナトリウムとしては、例えば工業用薬品、試薬等、一般に市販されているものを使用することができる。
硫酸水素ナトリウムの含有量は、所望する薬液の硬化時間に応じて調節すればよく、例えば硬化剤液２００リットルあたり、５〜３０ｋｇ程度であることが好ましく、より好ましくは８〜２５ｋｇ程度である。硫酸水素ナトリウムの含有量が５ｋｇ以上であれば、珪酸ナトリウムと十分に反応することができるので、正常な硬化体を得ることができる。また、硫酸水素ナトリウムの含有量が３０ｋｇ以下であれば、硬化剤液の調製（すなわち、硫酸水素ナトリウムの溶解）に長時間を費やすことがないので、効率が悪くなるのを防ぐことができる。
The curing agent liquid is composed of sodium hydrogen sulfate, anhydrous aluminum sulfate and / or hydrated aluminum sulfate, and water.
As sodium hydrogen sulfate, commercially available products such as industrial chemicals and reagents can be used.
What is necessary is just to adjust content of sodium hydrogen sulfate according to the hardening time of the chemical | medical solution desired, for example, it is preferable that it is about 5-30 kg per 200 liters of hardening | curing agent liquid, More preferably, it is about 8-25 kg. If the content of sodium hydrogen sulfate is 5 kg or more, it can sufficiently react with sodium silicate, so that a normal cured product can be obtained. Moreover, if content of sodium hydrogensulfate is 30 kg or less, since it does not spend a long time for preparation of a hardening | curing agent liquid (namely, melt | dissolution of sodium hydrogensulfate), it can prevent that efficiency falls.
硫酸アルミニウム無水塩および硫酸アルミニウム含水塩としては、例えば工業用薬品、試薬等、一般に市販されているものを使用することができる。
ここで、「硫酸アルミニウム無水塩」とは、その結晶中に水分子を含まないもので、化学式：Ａｌ２（ＳＯ４）３で表されるものを指す。
また、「硫酸アルミニウム含水塩」とは、その結晶中に水分子を含むもので、化学式：Ａｌ２（ＳＯ４）３・ｎＨ２Ｏ（ｎ＝６、１０、１６、１８、２７）で表されるものを指す。
硫酸アルミニウム含水塩における水の分子数（ｎ）に特に制限はない。また、硫酸アルミニウム含水塩は、単一の水の分子数（ｎ）のものであってもよいし、異なる水の分子数（ｎ）の混合品であってもよい。
As the aluminum sulfate anhydrous salt and the aluminum sulfate hydrate salt, commercially available products such as industrial chemicals and reagents can be used.
Here, “an aluminum sulfate anhydrous salt” refers to a substance that does not contain water molecules in the crystal and is represented by the chemical formula: Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 .
The “aluminum sulfate hydrate” includes water molecules in the crystal, and is represented by the chemical formula: Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 .nH 2 O (n = 6, 10, 16, 18, 27). Refers to what is being done.
There is no particular limitation on the number of water molecules (n) in the aluminum sulfate hydrate. Further, the aluminum sulfate hydrate may be a single water molecule number (n) or a mixture of different water molecules (n).
入手の容易さや安定性、さらには硬化剤液を調製する際の溶解性（溶解時間）などの点を考慮すると、硫酸アルミニウム含水塩を用いるのが好ましく、その中でも、ｎ＝１８の硫酸アルミニウム１８水塩および／またはｎ＝１６の硫酸アルミニウム１６水塩が特に好ましい。 In view of availability, stability, and solubility (dissolution time) when preparing a curing agent solution, it is preferable to use an aluminum sulfate hydrate, and among them, aluminum sulfate 18 with n = 18 Particularly preferred are hydrates and / or aluminum sulfate hydrates with n = 16.
硫酸アルミニウム無水塩および硫酸アルミニウム含水塩の含有量は、硬化剤液２００リットルあたり、３〜１５モルであり、５〜１３モルが好ましく、７〜１０モルがより好ましい。なお、硫酸アルミニウム無水塩および硫酸アルミニウム含水塩の両方を用いる場合には、その合計モル数が上記範囲内にあればよい。
硫酸アルミニウム無水塩および硫酸アルミニウム含水塩の含有量が、上記範囲内であれば、その理由は定かではないが、地盤に対する浸透性に優れた薬液が得られる。
The content of the aluminum sulfate anhydrous salt and the aluminum sulfate hydrate is 3 to 15 mol, preferably 5 to 13 mol, and more preferably 7 to 10 mol per 200 liters of the curing agent solution. In addition, when using both an aluminum sulfate anhydrous salt and an aluminum sulfate hydrate salt, the total number of moles should just be in the said range.
If the content of the aluminum sulfate anhydrous salt and the aluminum sulfate hydrate is within the above range, the reason is not clear, but a chemical solution having excellent permeability to the ground can be obtained.
硬化剤液は、硫酸水素ナトリウムと、硫酸アルミニウム無水塩および／または硫酸アルミニウム含水塩を水に溶解させて調製すればよく、溶解させる成分の順序は限定されない。硫酸水素ナトリウムを最初に溶解させてもよいし、硫酸アルミニウム無水塩および／または硫酸アルミニウム含水塩を最初に溶解させてもよいし、全成分を同時に溶解させてもよい。
また、硬化剤液に溶解させる成分の溶解方法は限定されず、攪拌してもよいし、加熱溶解させてもよい。
The curing agent solution may be prepared by dissolving sodium hydrogen sulfate and anhydrous aluminum sulfate and / or hydrated aluminum sulfate in water, and the order of the components to be dissolved is not limited. Sodium hydrogen sulfate may be dissolved first, anhydrous aluminum sulfate and / or hydrated aluminum sulfate may be dissolved first, or all components may be dissolved simultaneously.
Moreover, the dissolution method of the component dissolved in a hardening | curing agent liquid is not limited, You may stir or may heat-dissolve.
なお、硬化剤液に、硫酸水素ナトリウム、硫酸アルミニウム無水塩、および硫酸アルミニウム含水塩以外の成分、例えば酸化マグネシウムや水酸化マグネシウム等のマグネシウム化合物がさらに配合された場合には、理由は定かではないが、浸透性の向上の効果は得られない。
従って、本発明に用いる硬化剤液は、硫酸水素ナトリウムと、特定量の硫酸アルミニウム無水塩および／または硫酸アルミニウム含水塩と、水とのみから実質的に構成される。
In addition, the reason is not certain when components other than sodium hydrogen sulfate, anhydrous aluminum sulfate, and aluminum sulfate hydrate, such as magnesium compounds such as magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide, are further added to the curing agent liquid. However, the effect of improving permeability cannot be obtained.
Therefore, the hardening | curing agent liquid used for this invention is substantially comprised only from sodium hydrogen sulfate, a specific amount of aluminum sulfate anhydrous salt and / or aluminum sulfate hydrate, and water.
上述した主剤液と硬化剤とを混合することで、珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液が得られる。主剤液と硬化剤液の比率（質量比）は特に制限はなく、目的に応じて比率が適宜設定される。
例えば珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液をアルカリ性のｐＨ領域で硬化させる通常の施工方法において、珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液の硬化時間を短くする場合には、硬化剤液の割合を多くし、硬化時間を長くする場合には硬化剤液の割合を少なくすればよい。
また、硬化剤液の含有量を更に適宜調整することで、珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液を中性ないし酸性のｐＨ領域で硬化させることもできる。
By mixing the above-described main agent solution and curing agent, a silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution can be obtained. The ratio (mass ratio) of the main agent liquid and the curing agent liquid is not particularly limited, and the ratio is appropriately set according to the purpose.
For example, in a normal construction method for curing a silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution in an alkaline pH region, when shortening the curing time of the silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution, increase the proportion of the curing agent solution and set the curing time. In order to lengthen the length, the proportion of the curing agent solution may be reduced.
Moreover, the silicate type | system | group soil stabilization chemical | medical solution can also be hardened in neutral or acidic pH area | region by adjusting content of a hardening | curing agent liquid further suitably.
本発明の珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液は、主剤液と硬化剤液とから構成されていてもよいが、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲内で、必要に応じて添加剤等を含有してもよい。
添加剤としては、例えば塩化カリウム、硫酸ナトリウムなど、アルカリ金属中性塩が挙げられる。
The silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution of the present invention may be composed of a main agent solution and a curing agent solution, but may contain additives as necessary within the range not impairing the effects of the present invention. Also good.
Examples of the additive include neutral alkali metal salts such as potassium chloride and sodium sulfate.
以上説明した本発明の珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液は、硫酸水素ナトリウムと、特定量の硫酸アルミニウム無水塩および／または硫酸アルミニウム含水塩と、水とからなる硬化剤液を含有するので、硬化時間が瞬結型に調整された場合でも、地盤に対して優れた浸透性を発揮できる。 The silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution of the present invention described above contains a curing agent solution composed of sodium hydrogen sulfate, a specific amount of anhydrous aluminum sulfate and / or aluminum sulfate hydrate, and water, so that the curing time is increased. Even when is adjusted to the instantaneous setting type, it can exhibit excellent permeability to the ground.
［地盤安定化工法］
本発明の珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液を用いた地盤安定化工法としては、上述したように調製した主剤液と硬化剤液とを適宜の比率で混合して珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液を製造し、これを地盤内に注入して硬化させ、地盤を安定化させる方法を例示できる。
[Ground stabilization method]
As the ground stabilization method using the silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution of the present invention, a silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution is produced by mixing the main agent solution and the curing agent solution prepared as described above in an appropriate ratio. Then, this can be injected into the ground and hardened to exemplify a method of stabilizing the ground.
珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液の地盤への注入に際しては、単管式、二重管式、多重管式などの各種注入管を用いることができる。
また、珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液の注入方法としては、（ｉ）主剤液と硬化剤液とを予め混合して注入管に導く方法、（ii）主剤液と硬化剤液とを注入管の基部に設けた混合部、例えばＹ字管において混合して注入管に導く方法、（iii）主剤液と硬化剤液とをそれぞれ独立に注入管に導いて注入管内で混合する方法、（iv）主剤液と硬化剤液とをそれぞれ独立に注入管に導いて注入管から地盤内に注入しながら地盤内において合流・混合させる方法など、薬液の硬化時間や施工性に応じて適宜の方法を採用することができる。
Various injection pipes such as a single pipe type, a double pipe type, and a multi-pipe type can be used for injection of the silicate-based soil stabilization chemical into the ground.
In addition, as a method for injecting the silicate-based soil stabilization chemical, (i) a method in which the main agent solution and the curing agent solution are mixed in advance and guided to the injection tube, and (ii) the main agent solution and the curing agent solution are introduced into the injection tube. A method of mixing in a mixing part provided at the base, for example, a Y-shaped tube and guiding it to the injection tube, (iii) a method of independently introducing the main agent liquid and the curing agent liquid to the injection pipe and mixing in the injection pipe, (iv) Adopting appropriate methods according to the curing time and workability of the chemical solution, such as the method of guiding the main agent solution and the curing agent solution independently to the injection tube and merging and mixing in the ground while injecting into the ground from the injection tube can do.
本発明の地盤安定化工法によれば、本発明の珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液を用いるので、硬化時間が瞬結型に調整されても、地盤に対する薬液の浸透性が高いので、均質な地盤改良を行うことができる。また、硬化時間を瞬結型に調整できるので、地下水流の大きい地盤や空隙の大きい地盤等、地盤条件によっては薬液が硬化（ゲル化）しないうちに施工箇所以外の地盤に流出して施工を不確実なものにする恐れがなく、確実・効率的に地盤を安定化できる。 According to the ground stabilization method of the present invention, since the silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution of the present invention is used, even if the curing time is adjusted to the instantaneous setting type, the chemical solution has high permeability to the ground, so that the homogeneous ground Improvements can be made. In addition, since the curing time can be adjusted to the instantaneous setting type, depending on the ground conditions such as ground with a large groundwater flow or ground with a large gap, the chemical solution will flow out to the ground other than the construction site before it hardens (gels). There is no fear of making it uncertain, and the ground can be stabilized reliably and efficiently.
以下に本発明を実施例や比較例を用いて更に説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例に限定されるものではない。 The present invention will be further described below with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
［実施例、参考例および比較例（試験番号１〜１４）］
＜主剤液の調製＞
日本工業規格（ＪＩＳ Ｋ−１４０８）に規定されている３号珪酸ナトリウム（ＳｉＯ２／Ｎａ２Ｏモル比：３．２）、あるいは、表１に示す組成（ＳｉＯ２／Ｎａ２Ｏモル比：３．８１）の珪酸ナトリウム（５号珪酸ナトリウム；東洋珪酸曹達株式会社製）８０リットルと、水１２０リットルを混合し、主剤液（硫酸ナトリウムの含有量は、ＪＩＳ３号の場合は１４質量％、５号珪酸ナトリウムの場合は１２質量％）を調製した。
[Examples , reference examples and comparative examples (test numbers 1 to 14)]
<Preparation of main agent solution>
No. 3 sodium silicate (SiO 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio: 3.2) defined in Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS K-1408) or the composition shown in Table 1 (SiO 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio: 3.81) sodium silicate (No. 5 sodium silicate; manufactured by Toyosilicate Soda Co., Ltd.) and 120 liters of water were mixed, and the main liquid (the content of sodium sulfate was 14% by mass in the case of JIS No. 3, In the case of No. 5 sodium silicate, 12% by mass) was prepared.
＜硬化剤液の調製＞
表２に示す量（ｋｇ）の硫酸水素ナトリウムと、硫酸アルミニウム無水塩または硫酸アルミニウム含水塩（いずれも試薬１級）に、全量が２００リットルとなるように水を加えて溶解させ、硬化剤液を調製した。
なお、その他成分として酸化マグネシウム（試薬１級）を更に配合した硬化剤液も比較として調製した（試験番号９）。
<Preparation of curing agent liquid>
The amount (kg) of sodium hydrogen sulfate shown in Table 2 and anhydrous aluminum sulfate or hydrated aluminum sulfate (both reagent grade 1) are added with water so that the total amount becomes 200 liters, and dissolved, and a curing agent solution is obtained. Was prepared.
In addition, the hardening | curing agent liquid which further mix | blended magnesium oxide (reagent grade 1) as another component was also prepared as a comparison (test number 9).
＜珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液の調製＞
主剤液（２００リットル）および硬化剤液（２００リットル）を、比率が１：１となるように混合し、４００リットルの珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液（薬液）を得た。得られた薬液について、性能を評価した。
主剤液における珪酸ナトリウムの種類、および硬化剤液における硫酸水素ナトリウムの量、硫酸アルミニウム無水塩および硫酸アルミニウム含水塩の種類と量、その他配合成分としての酸化マグネシウムの量、ならびに薬液の性能としての試験項目と試験結果を表２にまとめて示した。
なお、薬液性能の試験項目と試験方法は下記の通りである。
<Preparation of silicate-based soil stabilization chemicals>
The main agent solution (200 liters) and the curing agent solution (200 liters) were mixed at a ratio of 1: 1 to obtain 400 liters of a silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution (chemical solution). About the obtained chemical | medical solution, performance was evaluated.
Types of sodium silicate in the base liquid, amount of sodium hydrogen sulfate in the hardener liquid, types and amounts of aluminum sulfate anhydrous and aluminum sulfate hydrates, amount of magnesium oxide as other ingredients, and tests as chemical performance The items and test results are summarized in Table 2.
The test items and test methods for chemical performance are as follows.
＜浸透性の評価＞
５号硅砂を細密充填したアクリル製モールド（内径１０ｃｍ×長さ２５０ｃｍ）に、薬液を注入速度１４リットル／分で圧入（安全弁設定圧力：２ＭＰａ）し、薬液が硬化（ゲル化）した後、固結部分の長さを薬液の浸透距離として測定した。
<Evaluation of permeability>
A chemical solution was press-fitted at an injection rate of 14 liters / minute (safety valve set pressure: 2 MPa) into an acrylic mold (inner diameter: 10 cm × length: 250 cm) packed finely with No. 5 cinnabar sand. The length of the knot was measured as the penetration distance of the chemical solution.
＜硬化時間の測定＞
液温２０℃において、薬液を容器内に静置し、薬液の流動性が消失するまでの所要時間を測定した。
<Measurement of curing time>
At a liquid temperature of 20 ° C., the chemical solution was left in the container, and the time required until the fluidity of the chemical solution disappeared was measured.
表２中、「珪酸Ｎａ」は珪酸ナトリウムを表し、「３号」は日本工業規格（ＪＩＳ Ｋ−１４０８）に規定されている３号珪酸ナトリウムを表し、「５号」は表１に示す組成の珪酸ナトリウムを示す。
また、「硫酸水素Ｎａ」は硫酸水素ナトリウムを表し、「酸化Ｍｇ」は酸化マグネシウムを表す。
また、「硫酸Ａｌ」は硫酸アルミニウムを表し、「無水塩」は硫酸アルミニウム無水塩を表し、「１６水塩」は硫酸アルミニウム１６水塩を表し、「１８水塩」は硫酸アルミニウム１８水塩を表す。
なお、硫酸水素ナトリウム、硫酸アルミニウム、酸化マグネシウムの量は、硬化剤液２００リットル中の量（ｋｇ）を表す。
In Table 2, “Na silicate” represents sodium silicate, “No. 3” represents No. 3 sodium silicate defined in Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS K-1408), and “No. 5” represents the composition shown in Table 1. Of sodium silicate.
“Na2SO4” represents sodium bisulfate, and “MgO” represents magnesium oxide.
“Al sulfate” represents aluminum sulfate, “anhydrous salt” represents anhydrous aluminum sulfate, “16 hydrate” represents aluminum sulfate 16 hydrate, “18 hydrate” represents aluminum sulfate 18 hydrate. Represent.
In addition, the amount of sodium hydrogen sulfate, aluminum sulfate, and magnesium oxide represents the amount (kg) in 200 liters of the curing agent solution.
表２から明らかなように、硬化剤液２００リットルあたり、３〜１５モルの硫酸アルミニウム無水塩または硫酸アルミニウム含水塩と、硫酸水素ナトリウムと、水とからなる硬化剤を用いた場合には、薬液の硬化時間が瞬結型であっても、薬液の浸透性に優れていた（試験番号３〜８、１０〜１３（実施例、参考例））。特に、ＳｉＯ２／Ｎａ２Ｏモル比が３．８１の珪酸ナトリウム（５号珪酸ナトリウム）を用いた場合には、日本工業規格（ＪＩＳ Ｋ−１４０８）に規定されている３号珪酸ナトリウム（ＳｉＯ２／Ｎａ２Ｏモル比：３．２）を用いた場合に比べ、浸透性が飛躍的に向上した（試験番号５と６の比較、試験番号７と８の比較、試験番号１０と１１の比較）。 As is apparent from Table 2, when a curing agent comprising 3 to 15 moles of aluminum sulfate anhydrous salt or aluminum sulfate hydrate, sodium hydrogen sulfate, and water is used per 200 liters of the curing agent solution, the chemical solution is used. Even when the curing time was instantaneous, the permeability of the chemical solution was excellent (test numbers 3 to 8 and 10 to 13 (Examples and Reference Examples )). In particular, when sodium silicate (No. 5 sodium silicate) having a SiO 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio of 3.81 is used, No. 3 sodium silicate (SiO 2) specified in Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS K-1408) Compared with the case of using 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio: 3.2), the permeability was drastically improved (comparison of test numbers 5 and 6, comparison of test numbers 7 and 8, test numbers 10 and 11). Comparison).
これに対し、硫酸アルミニウム無水塩および硫酸アルミニウム含水塩を含有しない場合や、硫酸アルミニウム含水塩の含有量が、硬化剤液２００リットルあたり、２モルまたは１６モルの場合は、実施例に比べて薬液の浸透性が劣っていた（試験番号１〜２、１４（比較例））。
また、硫酸アルミニウム含水塩の含有量が、硬化剤液２００リットルあたり、８モルである場合でも、硬化剤液に酸化マグネシウムが更に配合されている場合には、実施例に比べて薬液の浸透性が劣っていた（試験番号９（比較例））。
On the other hand, when it does not contain an aluminum sulfate anhydrous salt and an aluminum sulfate hydrate, or when the content of the aluminum sulfate hydrate is 2 mol or 16 mol per 200 liters of the curing agent solution, the chemical solution (The test numbers 1-2 and 14 (comparative example)).
Further, even when the content of the aluminum sulfate hydrate is 8 moles per 200 liters of the curing agent solution, when the magnesium oxide is further blended in the curing agent solution, the permeability of the chemical solution compared to the examples. Was inferior (test number 9 (comparative example)).
Claims (3)
前記硬化剤液は、硫酸水素ナトリウムと、硫酸アルミニウム無水塩および／または硫酸アルミニウム含水塩と、水とからなり、
かつ、前記硫酸アルミニウム無水塩および硫酸アルミニウム含水塩の含有量が、当該硬化剤液２００リットルあたり、３〜１５モルであり、
前記珪酸ナトリウムは、ＳｉＯ ２ ／Ｎａ ２ Ｏモル比が３．３〜４．２であることを特徴とする珪酸塩系土質安定用薬液。 In a silicate-based soil stabilization chemical solution containing a main agent solution containing 5% by mass or more of sodium silicate and a curing agent solution,
Wherein the curing agent solution, a sodium hydrogen sulfate, aluminum sulfate anhydrous salt and / or aluminum sulfate salt hydrate, Ri water Toka Rana,
And the content of the aluminum sulfate anhydrous salt and aluminum sulfate salt hydrate is, the sclerosant liquid 200 per liter Ri 3-15 mol der,
The sodium silicate, silicate soil stabilizing chemical solution SiO 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio and wherein from 3.3 to 4.2 der Rukoto.
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