JP5391068B2 - Switch device - Google Patents

Description

The present invention, safety switch, safety limit switches, to which switch device Serekutasui' blood.

  Conventionally, as one of the switch devices, there is a safety switch disposed on a protective door of an industrial machine. This type of safety switch is designed to prevent the machine from being driven when the protective door of the industrial machine is not completely closed, in order to prevent the occurrence of troubles such as injury of the operator being caught in the machine. Provided.

  That is, the safety switch is electrically connected to an industrial machine such as a robot, and is composed of a switch body and an actuator. The switch body is fixed to the wall surface around the protective door, and the actuator is attached to the protective door. The actuator is fixed so that the position where the actuator is fixed is opposed to the actuator entrance of the switch body and is set so that it can enter the head case at the top of the switch body when the protective door is closed. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).

  Then, when the actuator enters the actuator entrance, the switch located below the head case (operation unit) of the switch body is switched to the closed state, and power is supplied to the industrial machine so that the machine can be driven. . On the other hand, when the actuator is retracted from the head case by opening the protective door, the built-in switch is switched to open, the power supply to the industrial machine is cut off, and the industrial machine stops its operation.

  By the way, a drive cam is provided at the center of the operation unit to open and close the switch by moving the operation rod of the switch unit located below the operation unit. The drive cam is rotatably supported with its rotating shaft pivotally supported on the inner surface of the case member in the operation section. Further, the operating rod is biased by a coil spring toward the direction of the operating portion, which is the moving direction in which the built-in switch is closed.

  When the actuator has not entered the operation section, the operation rod is pressed toward the switch section by the drive cam against the urging force of the coil spring, and the built-in switch is opened to open the industrial machine. The power supply is cut off. On the other hand, when the dedicated actuator enters the operation section, the connecting piece of the actuator presses the drive cam and the drive cam is rotated. As a result, the operation rod moves to the drive cam side by the biasing force of the coil spring, and the built-in actuator The switch is switched to the closed state to supply power to the industrial machine.

JP 2002-140962 A ([0064] to [0065], FIG. 2)

  By the way, in the above-described safety switch, every time the actuator repeatedly enters and retracts the operation portion, the drive cam rotates, and the outer peripheral surface of the drive cam and the operation rod come into sliding contact. Thus, every time the outer peripheral surface of the drive cam and the operation rod are in sliding contact, a frictional force is generated between the outer peripheral surface of the drive cam and the operation rod in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the operation rod. Therefore, when this frictional force is repeatedly applied to the operating rod, fatigue is accumulated in the operating rod, and the operating rod may be damaged. In addition, the operating rod may be broken in the middle due to an external load. As described above, when the operating rod is damaged, the sliding contact state between the operating rod and the driving cam is released, and the operating rod pressed to the switch portion side by the driving cam moves to the driving cam side by the biasing force of the coil spring. Even though the actuator has not entered the operation unit, the built-in switch may be closed.

  In addition to such a safety switch, a safety limit switch for detecting excessive movement of the object by movement with respect to the lever and detecting the excessive movement of the object, for example, on / off selection switching operation of the handle Similarly, in other switch devices such as a selector switch that is operated by pressing and a push button switch that is switched to an open or closed state by pressing a push button, when the built-in switch is switched to an open or closed state, Excessive force or recurrent pressure is applied, the operating rod is damaged, and the operating rod moves to the driving cam side by the biasing force of the coil spring that biases the operating rod to the driving cam side. There is a possibility that the built-in switch may be closed even though the push button is not operated.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and even when the operating rod is broken or the operating portion is broken or dropped, the switch is surely opened to improve safety. safety switches, safety limit switches that can be achieved, and an object thereof is to provide a Serekutasui' switch of any switch device.

In order to solve the above-described problems, a switch device according to the present invention includes an operation portion of a switch body, an operation rod that reciprocates between the switch portions, and an actuator that is movable in one and the other in both directions by an external operation. In the switch device in which the operation rod is reciprocated in conjunction with the movement of the actuator, and the open / close state of the switch disposed in the switch portion is switched in conjunction with the reciprocation of the operation rod. A cam portion having a large-diameter portion and a small-diameter portion having a large distance and a small small portion that are pivotably disposed on the rotation shaft, and having one sliding contact surface near the rotation shaft and the other sliding contact surface far from the rotation shaft. A driving cam that rotates in the forward and reverse directions in conjunction with the bi-directional movement of the actuator, and a biasing means that biases the movable contact of the switch in the opening direction with respect to the fixed contact, the cam portion Said movably mounted along both sliding surfaces, and a connecting means for connecting the distal end portion of the operation rod to the drive cam, the actuator is coupled to the pivot shaft of the drive cam, an external By rotating in both directions by the operation, the drive cam is rotated in the forward and reverse directions, and the connecting means is rotated in the forward direction of the drive cam interlocked with the movement of the actuator in one direction. Slidably contacts the other slidable contact surface of the cam portion, moves from the large diameter portion along the small diameter portion, and moves in one direction along the small diameter portion from the large diameter portion of the cam portion. The connecting means pulls and moves the operating rod in one direction, which is a direction toward the operating portion, against the urging force of the urging means to move the movable contact opposite to the direction of the urging force. Contact the fixed contact The switching means is switched to a closed state, and the connecting means is moved from the small-diameter portion of the cam portion by the reverse rotation of the drive cam interlocked with the movement of the actuator in the other direction. The movable rod moves in the other direction along the large-diameter portion, and the operating rod moves in the other direction, which is a direction toward the switch portion, by the urging force of the urging means, and the movable contact is in the same direction as the urging force. When the movable contact is welded to the fixed contact, the drive cam interlocked with the movement of the actuator in the other direction is switched . By the rotation in the reverse direction, the connecting means slides on the one sliding contact surface of the cam portion and moves along the large diameter portion from the small diameter portion, and from the small diameter portion of the cam portion, the Along the large diameter front When the operating rod is pushed in the other direction, which is the direction toward the switch portion, by the connecting means moving in the other direction, the operating rod is moved in the other direction by the urging force of the urging means. is characterized in Rukoto switches the switch is forcibly moved to the separable said movable contact from the same to the fixed contact and the direction of the biasing force to the open state (claim 1).
Further, as the drive cam is rotated in the forward direction in conjunction with the movement of the actuator in one direction, the connection means moves along the cam portion in a direction away from the switch portion, thereby The rod moves in the direction of being pulled out from the switch part against the urging force of the urging means to switch the switch to the closed state, and the reverse direction of the drive cam interlocked with the movement of the actuator in the other direction As the connecting means moves along the cam part in a direction approaching the switch part, movement of the operating rod by the urging force of the urging means is allowed, and the connecting means The switch may be switched to an open state by moving and moving the operating rod in a direction to be pushed into the switch portion by the biasing force of the biasing means. 2).

  With this configuration, the movable contact of the switch is biased in the opening direction by the biasing means with respect to the fixed contact, and the drive cam rotates in the forward direction in conjunction with the movement of the actuator in one direction. The connecting means moves along the cam portion of the drive cam, whereby the operating rod moves in one direction against the urging force of the urging means, and the switch is switched to the closed state. Further, the drive cam rotates in the reverse direction in conjunction with the movement of the actuator in the other direction, and the connecting means moves along the cam portion of the drive cam, so that the operating rod is moved by the urging force of the urging means. Move in the direction and switch opens.

  Therefore, since the movable contact of the switch is always urged in the open direction by the biasing means with respect to the fixed contact, the switch is surely secured even if the operating rod is damaged or the operating part is damaged or dropped. Is maintained open. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the switch from being accidentally closed due to the breakage of the operation rod.

  In addition, since the operating rod connected to the drive cam is reciprocated by the connecting means according to the rotation of the drive cam in the forward and reverse directions accompanying the bidirectional movement of the actuator, the open / close state of the switch is ensured. Switch.

Even if the selector switch or safety limit switch has an arrangement in which the actuator is coupled to the rotation shaft of the drive cam and rotated in both directions by an external operation to rotate the drive cam in the forward and reverse directions, Even when the rod is broken or the operation part is broken or dropped, the switch is reliably maintained in the open state.

Further, the connecting means connects the operation rod to the drive cam so as to be rotatable around its axis, and the switch portion of the switch body is rotatable around the axis of the operation rod. (Claim 3 ).

  In this way, since the operation unit is coupled to the switch unit so as to be rotatable about the axis of the operation rod, the operation unit is rotated according to the location of the switch device, so that the actuator can be moved in accordance with the moving direction of the actuator. The arrangement of the drive cam can be changed. Therefore, the degree of freedom of mounting the switch device is increased, and the selection range of the switch device mounting location is expanded.

Further, the operation portion of the switch body may be detachably coupled to the switch portion (claim 4 ).

  By doing so, the operation rod can be separated from the drive cam and the operation portion can be attached to and detached from the switch portion as necessary for maintenance, etc., so that the switch body can be easily maintained. Further, when the operation unit and the switch unit are disconnected, the urging means urges the movable contact in the opening direction with respect to the fixed contact, so that the switch can be reliably opened.

Moreover, the structure provided with the coupling member provided between the said operation part and the said switch part, and the said operation part and the said switch part may be detachably couple | bonded via the said coupling member (Claim 5 ). ). If it does in this way, a switch device can be fixed to an operation panel etc. via a connecting member.

According to the first and second aspects of the present invention, since the movable contact of the switch is always urged in the opening direction with respect to the fixed contact by the urging means, the operation rod is broken or the operation portion is broken. Alternatively, even when the switch is dropped, it is possible to reliably maintain the switch in the open state to prevent the switch from being closed, and to provide a switch device with extremely excellent safety.

  In addition, since the operating rod connected to the drive cam by the connecting means is reciprocated in accordance with the rotation of the drive cam in the forward / reverse direction accompanying the bidirectional movement of the actuator, the open / close state of the switch is surely maintained. It becomes possible to switch.

Furthermore, actuators are coupled to the rotation shaft of the driving cam, even selector switch or safety limit switch having a structure of rotating the drive cam rotates in both directions in forward and reverse directions by an external operation, the Selector switch as a highly safe switching device that can keep the switch open and prevent the switch from closing when the operating rod is broken or the operating part is broken or dropped And safety limit switches can be provided.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the operating portion is coupled to the switch portion so as to be rotatable about the axis of the operating rod, the operating portion is rotated according to the location of the switch device. The arrangement of the drive cam can be changed according to the moving direction of the actuator. Therefore, the degree of freedom in mounting the switch device is increased, and the selection range of the switch device mounting location can be expanded.

Further, according to the invention described in claim 4 , since the operation rod can be separated from the drive cam and the operation portion can be detached from the switch portion as necessary for maintenance, the switch body can be easily maintained. become. In addition, when the operation unit and the switch unit are disconnected, the urging means urges the movable contact in the opening direction with respect to the fixed contact, so that the switch can be reliably opened. become.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the switch device can be fixed to the operation panel or the like via the coupling member.

It is sectional drawing of the switch main body in 1st Embodiment which applied this invention to the safety switch. It is sectional drawing of the switch main body in 1st Embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the switch main body in 2nd Embodiment which applied this invention to the safety switch. It is a principal part enlarged view in 3rd Embodiment which applied this invention to the safety switch. It is a principal part enlarged view in 4th Embodiment which applied this invention to the safety switch. It is an external view of the switch main body in 4th Embodiment which applied this invention to the safety switch. It is an external view of the switch main body in 5th Embodiment which applied this invention to the safety switch. It is the figure which attached the safety switch in 5th Embodiment to the case. It is sectional drawing of the switch main body in 6th Embodiment which applied this invention to the safety limit switch. It is sectional drawing of the switch main body in 7th Embodiment which applied this invention to the selector switch. It is sectional drawing of the switch main body in 8th Embodiment which applied this invention to the pushbutton switch. It is a principal part enlarged view in other embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,100 ... Switch body 3 ... Actuator 5,55 ... Operation part 7,700 ... Switch part 15,150,160,170,180 ... Drive cam 15d, 150d, 160c, 170b, 180b ... Cam groove (cam part)
21, 210, 211 ... operating rod 22, 23, 24 ... connecting part (connecting means)
39 ... Switch 39a ... Movable contact 39b ... Fixed contact 50 ... Coil spring (biasing means)
65 ... Connecting member (actuator)
70 ... Switch part 180c ... Through hole (engagement part)
300 ... Roller lever (actuator)
400 ... handle (actuator)
450 ... Push button (actuator)
500a, 500b ... Magnets (biasing means)

<First Embodiment>
A first embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a safety switch which is one of switch devices will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 are sectional views of the switch body. FIGS. 1B and 2B are cross-sectional views of the main part as viewed from the left toward the plane of FIG. 1A and FIG. 2A, respectively. FIG. 2C is a plan view of the actuator.

  The safety switch in the present invention is a switch that is electrically connected to an external device such as an industrial machine such as a robot via a cable, and includes a switch body 1 and an actuator 3.

  At this time, the switch main body 1 includes an operation unit 5 and a switch unit 7 and is fixed to a wall surface of a protective door peripheral edge of an industrial machine (not shown). The actuator 3 is fixed to the protective door, and the position thereof is a position facing one of the actuator entrances 9a and 9b formed on the upper surface and the side surface of the operation unit 5. By performing the closing operation, the actuator 3 enters the actuator entrances 9 a and 9 b of the operation unit 5. When the operator opens the protective door from this entry state, the actuator 3 enters the actuator entrance of the operation unit 5. Retreat and escape from 9a, 9b. As shown in FIG. 2C, the actuator 3 includes a U-shaped base portion 3a and a connecting piece 3b integrally formed by bridging both sides near the tip of the base portion 3a. .

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the operation unit 5 disposed on the upper portion of the switch body 1 has a case member 11 and a rotating shaft 13 pivoted on the inner surface of the case member 11 in the forward and reverse directions. And a drive cam 15 supported rotatably. Engaging portions 15 a and 15 b into which the connecting piece 3 b of the actuator 3 is fitted are formed on the upper outer peripheral surface of the drive cam 15 at a position to be seen from the actuator entrances 9 a and 9 b. Further, cam curve portions 15c are formed on both sides of the lower outer peripheral surface of the drive cam 15, and the side surfaces are substantially similar to the cam curve portion 15c from the large diameter portion to the small diameter portion of the cam curve portion 15c. A guide groove 15d is formed as a cam portion.

  Further, an operating rod 21 is provided that protrudes into the operating portion 5 so that the tip portion reciprocates from the switch portion 7 positioned below the operating portion 5 so as to be freely withdrawn and retracted. A connecting portion 22 having a bent shape so that the tips of the base portions face each other is integrally formed. The operation rod 21 is arranged so that the hemispherical tip of the operation rod 21 is slidably contacted with the cam curve portion 15 c of the drive cam 15, and the tip portions 22 a of the coupling portion 22 facing each other are on both sides of the drive cam 15. Thus, the operating rod 21 is connected to the drive cam 15 so as not to rotate about its axis.

  Further, as the drive cam 15 rotates in the forward / reverse direction, the connecting portion 22 moves along the guide groove 15d, so that the distal end portion of the operating rod 21 reciprocates to enter and retreat the operating portion 5. The open / close state of the switch 39 of the switch unit 70 built in the switch unit 7 is switched. Thus, the connecting portion 22 functions as the “connecting means” of the present invention. Note that the operating rod 21 may be disposed with the distal end of the operating rod 21 away from the cam curve portion 15 c, and in this case, the distal end of the operating rod 21 is relative to the outer shape of the cam curved portion 15 c of the drive cam 15. It just moves to and does not make sliding contact.

  Next, the switch unit 7 will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the switch unit 7 is disposed inside a case member 33 that forms a rectangular parallelepiped switch body 1 integrally with the case member 11, and is disposed below the operation unit 5. Is composed of the switch part 70 in which is incorporated and the operation rod 21 described above. Further, the case member 11 on the operation unit 5 side is attached to the case member 33.

  Incidentally, the switch unit 70 includes a switch 39 that opens and closes in conjunction with the reciprocating movement of the operation rod 21. The switch 39 includes a movable contact 39a and a fixed contact 39b. The movable contact 39a is fixed upward to the operation rod 21, and the fixed contact 39b is fixed downward to a frame member 43 disposed in the switch unit 70. ing. Here, the switch 39 is for supplying and shutting off power to the industrial machine. When the switch 39 is closed, power is supplied to the industrial machine.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the coil spring 50 is externally fitted to the operation rod 21 between the flange portion 21 a formed at the lower end of the operation rod 21 and the flange portion 43 a provided on the frame member 43. Thus, the operation rod 21 is biased downward. The coil spring 50 urges the movable contact 39a of the switch 39 in a direction away from the fixed contact 39b, that is, in an opening direction. Thus, in this embodiment, the coil spring 50 functions as the “biasing means” of the present invention.

  Here, a cable (not shown) that is electrically connected to the industrial machine is attached to the case member 33, and the cable and the switch 39 are electrically connected inside the switch unit 70. . Then, power supply to the industrial machine and interruption of the power supply are performed by an electrical signal generated by opening and closing the switch 39.

  In the state of FIG. 1 in which the actuator 3 has not entered, the operation rod 21 is in a state in which most of the operation rod 21 is sunk toward the switch unit 7 due to the urging force of the coil spring 50. Due to the movement of the operating rod 21 toward the switch unit 7, the movable contact 39a is simultaneously pushed away from the fixed contact 39b, the movable contact 39a and the fixed contact 39b of the switch 39 are separated, and the switch 39 is opened. The power supply to the industrial machine is cut off and the industrial machine is inoperable.

  Next, the operation of the safety switch configured as described above will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. As shown in FIG. 1, when the actuator 3 is movable in the other direction and does not enter the operation portion 5 of the switch body 1, most of the operation rod 21 is moved to the switch portion 7 side by the biasing force of the coil spring 50. The switch 39 is in the submerged state, and the switch 39 is in an open state. The power supply to the industrial machine is cut off and the industrial machine is inoperable.

  Next, when the operator closes the protective door from the state shown in FIG. 1 and the actuator 3 moves in one direction and enters the operation unit 5, as shown in FIG. 2, the connecting piece 3 b of the actuator 3. Engages with the engaging portion 15a of the drive cam 15, and as the actuator 3 enters, the drive cam 15 rotates in the clockwise direction, which is the forward direction. As the drive cam 15 rotates in the positive direction, the connecting portion 22 moves upward along the guide groove 15 d against the urging force of the coil spring 50.

  As the connecting portion 22 moves upward, the tip of the operating rod 21 slides from the large diameter portion of the cam curve portion 15c to the small diameter portion, and the operating rod 21 pulls against the biasing force of the coil spring 50. Move upwards in one direction to be raised. Further, as the operating rod 21 moves upward, the movable contact 39a contacts the fixed contact 39b, and the switch 39 switches from the open state to the closed state. Thus, when the switch 39 is switched to the closed state, power is supplied to an industrial machine such as a robot connected in series to the switch 39, so that the industrial machine can be operated.

  On the other hand, when the operator opens the protective door and the actuator 3 that has entered the state as shown in FIG. 1 is moved in the other direction and pulled out, the engagement between the connecting piece 3b of the actuator 3 and the drive cam 15 is engaged. The drive cam 15 rotates in the counterclockwise direction that is the reverse direction, that is, the pulling direction of the actuator 3 until the engagement state with the portion 15a is released. As the drive cam 15 rotates, the connecting portion 22 moves down along the guide groove 15d, so that the operating rod 21 slides from the small diameter portion of the cam curve portion 15c of the drive cam 15 to the large diameter portion. .

  Then, due to the urging force of the coil spring 50, the operating rod 21 is pushed downward, that is, in the direction of the switch unit 7, the movable contact 39a is separated from the fixed contact 39b, and the switch 39 is switched to the open state. The power supply to the machine is cut off, and the industrial machine becomes inoperable.

  By the way, the operation when the operation rod 21 of the safety switch shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is broken in the middle or when the operation unit 5 is broken or dropped will be described. As described above, the movable contact 39a of the switch 39 is urged by the coil spring 50 in a direction away from the fixed contact 39b. Therefore, when some external load is applied to the operation rod 21 and the operation rod 21 is damaged, or when some external load is applied to the operation unit 5 and the operation unit 5 is damaged or dropped, the biasing force of the coil spring 50 is applied. As a result, the lower portion of the operating rod 21 is urged downward, so that the movable contact 39a is surely separated from the fixed contact 39b, and the switch 39 is opened and this open state is maintained.

  As described above, in the first embodiment, the movable contact 39a of the switch 39 is urged in the opening direction by the coil spring 50 with respect to the fixed contact 39b. Then, due to the rotation of the drive cam 15 as the actuator 3 enters the operation portion 5, the connecting portion 22 moves along the guide groove 15 d, so that the operation rod 21 moves against the urging force of the coil spring 50. Thus, the switch 39 is switched to the closed state. Therefore, even when the operating rod 21 is damaged or the operating unit 5 is damaged or dropped, the switch 39 can be reliably maintained in the open state to prevent the switch 39 from being closed, and safety can be ensured. A safety switch with extremely good performance can be obtained.

  In this embodiment, since the operating rod 21 is connected to the drive cam 15 by the connecting portion 22, the operating rod 21 connected to the driving cam 15 by the connecting portion 22 is driven as the actuator 3 enters and retracts. The open / close state of the switch 39 can be switched reliably by reciprocating in accordance with the rotation of the cam 15 in the forward and reverse directions.

  Further, in the above-described embodiment, the switch 39 is used, and the power supply to the industrial machine is cut off by the opening / closing operation. Therefore, for example, the switch 39 is closed, and the power supply to the industrial machine is performed. Even when the movable contact 39a and the fixed contact 39b of the switch 39 are welded during the operation, the actuator 3 moves backward and the movable contact 39a is pushed in by the biasing force of the coil spring 50 and the operation rod 21. As a result, the welded movable contact 39a and fixed contact 39b can be forcibly separated, and the reliability of the safety switch can be improved.

Second Embodiment
A second embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a safety switch will be described with reference to FIG. In the second embodiment, the difference from the first embodiment is that the configuration of the urging means is different, and other configurations and operations are the same as those of the first embodiment. Differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described in detail with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. In addition, about the structure and operation | movement same as 1st Embodiment, the same code | symbol is quoted and description of the structure and operation | movement is abbreviate | omitted.

  3A and 3B are cross-sectional views of the switch body. FIG. 3A shows a state where the actuator 3 has not entered, and FIG. 3B shows a state where the actuator 3 has entered. As shown in the figure, the movable contact 39a is biased with respect to the fixed contact 39b in a direction to be separated by repulsive forces of magnets 500a and 500b having different magnetic poles. Thus, in this embodiment, the magnets 500a and 500b function as the “biasing means” of the present invention.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the operation rod 21 is inserted and fitted into a donut-shaped magnet 500 a so that the magnet 500 a is fixedly disposed on the flange portion 43 a of the frame member 43 and the lower end of the operation rod 21. In addition, a doughnut-shaped or short cylindrical magnet 500b is disposed. Therefore, when the operating rod 21 is damaged for some reason, or when the operating portion 5 is damaged or falls off, the movable contact 39a is moved by the urging force due to the repulsion of the magnets 500a and 500b as in the first embodiment. The switch 39 can be reliably released from the fixed contact 39b, and the switch 39 can be maintained in an open state, so that safety can be improved.

<Third Embodiment>
A third embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a safety switch will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a main part in the third embodiment, and is a cross-sectional view of a drive cam and an operating rod. The third embodiment is different from the first and second embodiments in the configuration of the connecting means that connects the operating rod 21 to the drive cam 150. Since other configurations and operations are the same as those of the first and second embodiments, differences from the first and second embodiments will be mainly described in detail below with reference to FIGS. In addition, about the same structure and operation | movement as 1st and 2nd embodiment, the same code | symbol is quoted and description of the structure and operation | movement is abbreviate | omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the drive cam 150 in this embodiment is basically configured in the same manner as the drive cam 15 described above, but a guide hole 150d substantially similar to the cam curve portion 150c has a guide groove. It differs in that it is formed through the drive cam 15 instead of 15d. Further, the connecting portion 23 is composed of an upward U-shaped base portion similar to the connecting portion 22 described above, but the tip thereof is not bent, and the transparent portion provided through the guide hole 150d and the leading end portion of the connecting portion 23 is provided. The connecting pin 23a is inserted into the hole, and both ends of the connecting pin 23a are formed larger in diameter than the through hole and are prevented from coming off, and the driving cam 150 and the operating rod 21 are thereby connected. Other configurations and operations are the same as those of the first and second embodiments, and the same effects as those of the first and second embodiments can be achieved. Thus, in this embodiment, the connecting portion 23 and the connecting pin 23a function as the “connecting means” of the present invention.

  Therefore, when the operation rod 21 is damaged for some reason, or when the operation unit 5 is damaged or falls off, the biasing means such as the coil spring 50 and the magnets 500a and 500b are attached as in the first embodiment. The movable contact 39a is surely separated from the fixed contact 39b by the force, and the switch 39 can be maintained in the open state, so that safety can be improved.

<Fourth embodiment>
A fourth embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a safety switch will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a main part in the fourth embodiment. FIG. 5A is a front view of the operating rod 210 and the connecting part 24 (corresponding to “connecting means” of the present invention), and FIG. It is sectional drawing of the same figure (a). FIG. 6 is an external view of the safety switch in the present embodiment.

  The fourth embodiment is different from the first to third embodiments in that the operating rod 210 is connected to the drive cam 15 by a connecting portion 24 so as to be rotatable about its axis. Since the operation is the same as that of the first and second embodiments, differences from the first and second embodiments will be mainly described in detail below with reference to FIGS. In addition, about the same structure and operation | movement as 1st, 2nd embodiment, the same code | symbol is quoted and description of the structure and operation | movement is abbreviate | omitted.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the connecting portion 24 includes a columnar base portion 24 a whose upper end is formed in a hemispherical shape, and an upward U-shaped portion 24 b formed integrally with the upper end portion of the base portion 24 a. And a fitting insertion portion 24c that is integrally formed by bending the leading ends of the U-shaped portions 24b so as to face each other, and a concave groove 24d is formed on the outer periphery of the lower end portion of the base portion 24a. The fitting insertion portions 24 c of the connecting portion 24 facing each other engage with the guide grooves 15 d on both sides of the drive cam 15.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 5, a tip portion 210a of the operation rod 210 similar to the above-described operation rod 21 is formed to have a particularly large diameter, and a T-shape whose cross-sectional shape is reversed from the upper surface side of the tip portion 210a. The insertion space 210b is formed, and the portion below the concave groove 24d of the connection portion 24 is inserted into the insertion space 210b, whereby the connection portion 24 and the operation rod 210 are rotatably connected, and The operation unit 5 is coupled to the switch unit 7 so as to be rotatable about the axis of the operation rod 210.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, since the operation part 5 is connected to the switch part 7 so as to be rotatable around the axis of the operation rod 210, as shown in FIG. The direction of the actuator entrances 9a and 9b provided in the operation unit 5 can be changed as appropriate by rotating the operation unit 5 by 90 °, 180 °, or 270 °, for example, in the direction of the arrow. Therefore, the degree of freedom of mounting the safety switch is increased, and the selection range of the mounting location of the safety switch can be expanded.

  When the operation unit 5 and the switch unit 7 are disconnected, the biasing means such as the coil spring 50 and the magnets 500a and 500b bias the operation rod 210 downward, and the movable contact 39a is moved with respect to the fixed contact 39b. Therefore, the switch 39 can be reliably opened.

<Fifth Embodiment>
A fifth embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a safety switch will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 7 is an external view of the switch body in the fifth embodiment, and FIG. 8 is a view in which the safety switch in the fifth embodiment is attached to the case 105.

  The fifth embodiment is different from the fourth embodiment in that a cylindrical coupling member 701 is provided between the operation unit 5 and the switch unit 700, and the operation unit 5 and the switch unit 700 provide the coupling member 701. It is the point connected through attachment and detachment. Since other configurations and operations are the same as those of the fourth embodiment, differences from the first to fourth embodiments will be mainly described below in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. In addition, about the same structure and operation | movement as 1st thru | or 4th embodiment, the same code | symbol is quoted and description of the structure and operation | movement is abbreviate | omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the switch body 100 in the fifth embodiment is configured such that the operation unit 5 is detachably coupled to the switch unit 700 via a cylindrical coupling member 701. A male screw portion 701a is formed on the outer periphery of the coupling member 701, and a nut 701b is screwed to the male screw portion 701a. By doing so, as shown in FIG. 8, the switch body 100 can be attached to the operation panel, and the key switch 101 and the emergency stop button 102 can be juxtaposed.

  For example, when the switch body 100 is attached to the operation panel in which the insertion hole through which the male screw part 701a of the coupling member 701 is inserted is formed, first, the male part of the coupling member 701 is removed with the switch unit 700 removed from the coupling member 701. The screw part 701a is inserted through the insertion hole of the operation panel. Subsequently, the nut 701 b is screwed into the male screw portion 701 a so that the operation panel is interposed between the nut 701 b screwed to the coupling member 701 and the operation portion 5. The operation unit 5 can be fixed to the operation panel by tightening the nut 701b with respect to the operation unit 5. Finally, the switch main body 100 can be fixedly arranged on the operation panel by attaching the switch unit 700 to the coupling member 701 of the operation unit 5 fixed to the operation panel.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, for example, the switch body 100, the key switch 101, and the emergency stop button 102 can be attached together with the case 105 on the operation panel. Thus, when various switches are arranged, wiring and the like can be arranged in a compact manner.

  Even when an abnormality occurs in which the operation unit 5 and the switch unit 700 are disconnected, the operation rod is urged downward by the urging means such as the coil spring 50 or the magnets 500a and 500b, so that the movable contact Since 39a is separated from the fixed contact 39b, the switch 39 can be reliably maintained in the open state.

<Sixth Embodiment>
A sixth embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a safety limit switch, which is a switch device, will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 9A is a cross-sectional view of the switch main body, and FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional view of the main part of the switch main body as viewed from the right side as viewed in the drawing.

  The safety limit switch in the present embodiment is a so-called roller lever type, which detects excessive movement of the object by movement with respect to the lever, and is disposed close to the detection object. As in the first embodiment, the switch body 1 and a roller lever 300 that is an actuator are included. In the following, differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described in detail, and the same configurations and operations as those of the first embodiment will be referred to by the same reference numerals, and descriptions of the configurations and operations will be omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the actuator in this embodiment is a roller lever 300 connected to a rotating shaft 160a of the drive cam 160. The roller lever 300 is bent at about 90 ° at one end side, and the drive cam 160 rotates. An L-shaped lever main body 300a coupled to the moving shaft 160a, a bent portion 300b formed by bending the other end side of the lever main body 300a in a direction opposite to the one end side, and a retaining member 301 on the bent portion 300b. The roller 300c is made of hard rubber, metal, or the like that is attached so as to be non-detachable and can be rotated by the contact with the object to be detected. Therefore, unlike the first embodiment, the actuator does not enter the operation unit 5, and the operation unit 5 is not provided with the actuator entrances 9a and 9b (see FIG. 1).

  A guide cylinder 303 is integrally formed on the periphery of the insertion hole formed in the side surface of the operation unit 5 so that the guide body 303 bulges outward. The lever body 300a is inserted through the cylinder 303 and the insertion hole. Is inserted into the operation unit 5 and fixed to the rotating shaft 160a of the driving cam 160 by a bolt 305, and the roller lever 300 is coupled to the rotating shaft 160a of the driving cam 160.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the drive cam 160 in this embodiment does not have the engaging portions 15a and 15b (see FIG. 1) like the drive cam 15 in the first embodiment, and both sides of the lower outer peripheral surface of the drive cam 160. Is formed with a cam curve portion 160b, and a guide groove 160c as a cam portion substantially similar to the cam curve portion 160b is formed on each of both side surfaces along a large diameter portion and a small diameter portion of the cam curve portion 160b. Then, the opposite end portions 22a of the connecting portion 22 engage with the guide grooves 160c on both sides, whereby the operating rod 21 is connected to the drive cam 160 so as not to rotate around its axis.

  The switch 39 of the switch unit 7 includes a movable contact 39a and a fixed contact 39b. A coil spring 50 is wound around the lower end portion of the operation rod 21, and both ends of the coil spring 50 are connected to the flange portion 21a at the lower end of the operation rod 21 and the frame. The operating rod 21 is urged downward by the coil spring 50 by being engaged with the flange portion 43a of the member 43, and the movable contact 39a of the switch 39 is urged away from the fixed contact 39b, that is, in the opening direction. This is the same as in the first embodiment described above.

  Next, for example, the safety limit switch in FIG. 9 detects, for example, an excessive operation of a detection object not shown, and more specifically, when the detection object operates in the normal range and exceeds the normal range. In operation, the switch 39 is in a closed state and an open state, respectively. By detecting an electrical signal generated by closing and opening the switch 39 by an external detection circuit, an excessive operation of the detection target is detected. The operation of the safety limit switch shown in FIG. 9 will be described.

  When the detection target object operates within the normal range, the detection target object comes into contact with the roller 300c of the roller lever 300 from the state shown in FIG. It is movable in the direction of the arrow inside (one direction in the present invention). Therefore, the drive cam 160 is in a state of being rotated in the clockwise direction, which is the positive direction. As the drive cam 160 is rotated in the positive direction, the connecting portion 22 is changed from the large diameter portion to the small diameter portion of the guide groove 160c. The distal end of the operating rod 21 is relatively moved along the small diameter portion from the large diameter portion of the cam curve portion 160 b while resisting the biasing force of the coil spring 50.

  As a result, the operating rod 21 is moved upward in one direction so as to be pulled up against the biasing force of the coil spring 50, and the movable contact 39a is moved to the fixed contact 39b by the upward movement of the operating rod 21. Is in a state where the switch 39 is switched from the open state to the closed state. Thus, an electrical signal corresponding to the closed state of the safety limit switch 39 is detected by a detection circuit (not shown), and it is detected that the detection target is operating within the normal range.

  On the other hand, when the detection target object excessively moves beyond the normal range, the detection target object that has been in contact with the roller 300c of the roller lever 300 moves excessively away from the roller 300c. The roller lever 300 moves in the direction opposite to the arrow direction in the middle (the other direction in the present invention) and faces in the vertical direction in the same manner as the operation rod 21 as shown in FIG.

  Then, the connecting portion 22 moves downward along the guide groove 160 c, whereby the operating rod 21 moves relatively along the large diameter portion from the small diameter portion of the cam curve portion 160 b of the drive cam 160, and the urging force of the coil spring 50. As a result, the operating rod 21 is pushed downward in the other direction, that is, in the direction of the switch unit 7, the movable contact 39a of the switch 39 is separated from the fixed contact 39b, and the switch 39 is switched from the closed state to the open state. From this, an electrical signal corresponding to the open state of the switch 39 of the safety limit switch is detected by a detection circuit (not shown), and it is detected that the object to be detected has operated excessively beyond the normal range. Measures such as stoppage are taken and warnings are issued.

  At this time, even if the operation rod 21 of the safety limit switch in FIG. 9 is broken and broken in the middle, or the operation unit 5 is broken or dropped, the movable contact 39a of the switch 39 is not changed as in the first embodiment. Since the coil spring 50 is biased in a direction away from the fixed contact 39b, the lower portion of the operating rod 21 is biased downward by the biasing force of the coil spring 50, and the movable contact 39a is reliably opened from the fixed contact 39b. The switch 39 is kept open.

  As described above, in the sixth embodiment, it is possible to detect the excessive operation of the detection object, and even if the operation rod 21 is damaged or the operation unit 5 is damaged or dropped, the opening / closing operation is performed. The switch 39 can be reliably maintained in the open state to prevent the switch 39 from being closed, and a safety limit switch with extremely good safety can be obtained.

<Seventh embodiment>
A seventh embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a selector switch which is a switch device will be described with reference to FIG. 10A is a cross-sectional view of the switch body in a certain state, FIG. 10B is a cross-sectional view of the switch body in a different state, and FIG.

  The selector switch in the present embodiment is switched to an on / off state by, for example, a handle switching operation, and basically includes a switch body 1 and a handle 400 that is an actuator as in the first embodiment. Is done. In the following, differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described in detail, and the same configurations and operations as those of the first embodiment will be referred to by the same reference numerals, and descriptions of the configurations and operations will be omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 10C, the actuator in this embodiment is a handle 400, and this handle 400 is directly coupled to the rotation shaft 170 a of the drive cam 170 by a bolt 401. Further, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the drive cam 170 is formed by an oblong flat plate having a predetermined thickness, and an outer shape of the drive cam 170 is provided on each side surface of the drive cam 170. Cam grooves 170b are formed as elliptical cam portions having a shape similar to the contour, and the front end portions 22a of the coupling portion 22 facing each other are respectively engaged with the guide grooves 170b on both sides, whereby the operating rod 21 has its axis The drive cam 170 is connected so as not to rotate around.

  In this embodiment as well, the actuator does not enter the operation section 5 as in the above-described sixth embodiment. Therefore, the actuator entrances 9a and 9b (see FIG. 1) as in the first embodiment are operated. The part 5 is not provided. Further, the switch 39 of the switch unit 7 includes a movable contact 39a and a fixed contact 39b. A coil spring 50 is wound around the operation rod 21, and both ends of the coil spring 50 are connected to the flange 21a at the lower end of the operation rod 21 and a frame member. The operating rod 21 is urged downward by the coil spring 50, and the movable contact 39a of the switch 39 is urged away from the fixed contact 39b, that is, in the opening direction. This is the same as the first embodiment and the sixth embodiment described above.

  Next, the operation when the selector switch of FIG. 10 is switched between the on state and the off state will be described.

  Now, when the selector switch handle 400 is switched from the state shown in FIG. 10A to the state shown in FIG. 10B, the drive cam 170 is moved in conjunction with the movement in one direction accompanying the switching operation of the handle 400, for example. It rotates in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 6A, which is the positive direction in the present invention, and the connecting portion 22 moves from the large diameter portion to the small diameter portion of the guide groove 170b as the drive cam 170 rotates in the positive direction. As a result, the operating rod 21 moves relatively from the large diameter portion to the small diameter portion along the outer peripheral surface of the drive cam 170 against the urging force of the coil spring 50.

  As a result, as shown in FIG. 10B, the operating rod 21 moves upward in one direction so as to be pulled up against the urging force of the coil spring 50, and by moving the operating rod 21 upward, When the movable contact 39a contacts the fixed contact 39b, the switch 39 is switched from the open state to the closed state, and the selector switch is turned on. By switching the selector switch to the ON state in this way, an ON signal of the selector switch is transmitted to an external electric / electronic device or an external circuit not shown in FIG. 10, and power supply and other controls are performed. .

  On the other hand, when the handle 400 of the selector switch is switched from the state shown in FIG. 10B to the state shown in FIG. 10A, the drive cam 170 is moved in conjunction with the movement in the other direction accompanying the switching operation of the handle 400, for example. It rotates in the direction opposite to the arrow direction in FIG. 10A, which is the reverse direction in the present invention, and the connecting portion 22 is changed from the small diameter portion of the guide groove 170b to the diameter as the drive cam 170 rotates in the reverse direction. As a result, the operating rod 21 moves relatively from the small diameter portion to the large diameter portion along the outer peripheral surface of the drive cam 170 against the urging force of the coil spring 50.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 10A, the operating rod 21 moves downward in the other direction by the biasing force of the coil spring 50, and the movable contact 39a is opened from the fixed contact 39b by the downward movement of the operating rod 21. The switch 39 is switched from the closed state to the open state, and the selector switch is turned off. By switching the selector switch to the OFF state in this way, an OFF signal of the selector switch is transmitted to an external electric / electronic device or external circuit not shown in FIG. Done.

  At this time, even if the operation rod 21 of the selector switch shown in FIG. 10 is broken and broken in the middle, or the operation portion 5 is broken or dropped, the movable contact 39a of the switch 39 is turned into a coil spring as in the first embodiment. 50, the lower portion of the operating rod 21 is urged downward by the urging force of the coil spring 50, and the movable contact 39a is reliably separated from the fixed contact 39b. The switch 39 is kept open.

  Therefore, in the seventh embodiment, the state of the external device or circuit can be controlled by the switching operation of the selector switch to the on state or the off state, and the operation rod 21 is damaged during the switching operation, Even if 5 is broken or dropped, the switch 39 can be reliably maintained in the open state to prevent the switch 39 from being closed, and a highly safe selector switch can be obtained. .

  In the seventh embodiment, as indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 10C, another switch body 1 is connected and arranged at the rear stage, and two drive cams 170 are connected to form one handle 400. The two drive cams 170 may be rotated by the switching operation, and both selector switches may be switched at the same time. Further, three or more switch bodies 1 are connected and arranged, and each handle 400 is switched by the switching operation. The selector cams may be switched simultaneously by rotating the drive cam 170 at the same time. Thus, a plurality of external devices and circuits can be switched and controlled simultaneously by operating one handle 400.

<Eighth Embodiment>
An eighth embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a pushbutton switch as a switch device will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 11A is a cross-sectional view of the switch body in a certain state, FIG. 11B is a cross-sectional view of the switch body in a different state, and FIG.

  The pushbutton switch in this embodiment is basically a pushbutton that functions as an actuator together with the switch body 1 including the cylindrical operation portion 55 and the switch portion 77 and the connecting member 65, as in the first embodiment. 450. In the following, differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described in detail, and the same configurations and operations as those of the first embodiment will be referred to by the same reference numerals, and descriptions of the configurations and operations will be omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the actuator in the present embodiment is a push button 450 and a connecting member 65, and in order to attach the push button 450, it differs from the operation unit 5 in the first embodiment and the sixth embodiment described above. The operation unit 55 in the present embodiment has a cylindrical shape with an upper portion opened. A horizontal lateral hole-like accommodation portion 56 that accommodates the spring 57 so as to generate an inward biasing force is formed at a position opposite to the inner side of the upper end of the operation portion 55, and a cylindrical base portion and An engagement body 57 having a trapezoidal cross-section head is housed in the housing portion 56 so as to be movable in the horizontal direction in the housing portion 56.

  Further, springs 58 are accommodated in the inner side of the base portion of the engagement body 57 and the accommodation portion 56, and both engagement bodies 57 are urged by the springs 58 in a direction protruding from the accommodation portion 56 toward the central axis of the operation portion 55. ing. As will be described later, both the engaging bodies 57 are detachably engaged with both the engaged bodies 453 of the push button 450, and the both engaged bodies 453 are moved up and down by the push operation and the push release operation of the push button 450. In the process of vertical movement, both engaging bodies 57 are pushed into the accommodating portion 56 against the urging force of the spring 57.

  In addition, a tongue piece 59 is integrally formed to extend inward of the operation portion 55 slightly below one storage portion 56 inside the operation portion 55, and an upward protrusion 60 is formed on the top surface of the distal end of the tongue piece 59. ing. A tightening ring 61 for attaching the push button switch to the panel or the like is screwed around the outer periphery of the substantially central portion of the operation portion 55. The tightening ring 61 and the center of the operation portion 55 are slightly above the center. A push button switch is attached so as to sandwich the panel between the step portion 62 formed on the outer periphery.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 11, a push button 450 having a short cylindrical shape whose upper surface is closed is mounted so as to cover the upper end portion of the operation portion 55, and a cylindrical shape is provided at the inner center of the upper surface of the push button 450. A body 451 is integrally formed and disposed at a position facing the protrusion of the tongue piece 59 of the operation portion 55.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 11, a protrusion 452 is integrally formed at the inner side of the cylindrical body 451 inside the upper surface of the push button 450, and the spring 63 is accommodated inside the cylindrical body 451, and both end portions thereof Is fitted on the projection of the tongue piece 59 and the projection 452 on the inner side of the cylindrical body 451, and the push button 450 is urged upward by the spring 63. Further, engaged bodies 453 projecting outward in a trapezoidal cross section are integrally formed at positions on the outer periphery of the cylindrical body 451 facing the engaging bodies 57 of the operation portion 55, and the push button 450 is moved up and down. Thus, the two engaged bodies 453 on the outer periphery of the cylindrical body 451 slide on the inclined surfaces of the two engaging bodies 57, and both the engaging bodies 57 resist the urging force of the spring 58 during the sliding process of the both engaged bodies 453. Then, it is pushed into the accommodating portion 57.

  Therefore, when the push button 450 is pushed downward against the urging force of the spring 63, the two engaged bodies 453 on the outer periphery of the cylindrical body 451 slide on the inclined surfaces of the two engagement bodies 57 as the push button 450 is pushed. In the process, both engaging bodies 57 are once pushed into the accommodating portion 57 against the urging force of the spring 58, and as shown in FIG. 11A, both engaged bodies 453 on the outer periphery of the cylindrical body 451. Is over the heads of the two engaging bodies 57, the two engaged bodies 453 on the outer periphery of the cylindrical body 451 are in contact with the inclined surfaces of the two engaging bodies 57 on the opposite side to that before being pushed. Is retained.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the drive cam 180 in this embodiment has a shape obtained by flattening a part of a disc centering on the rotation shaft 180 a, and on both sides near the flat portion of the drive cam 180. A straight cam groove 180b is formed as a cam portion, and the opposite end portions 22a of the connecting portion 22 are engaged with the cam grooves 180b on both sides thereof, so that the operation rod 21 cannot rotate about its axis. The drive cam 180 is connected. At this time, the distance from the rotating shaft 180a of the drive cam 180 differs between the one end side and the other end side of the cam groove 180b.

  Further, particularly as shown in FIG. 11 (c), through holes 180c are formed on both sides of the drive cam 180 on the substantially opposite side of the cam groove 180b, and bent substantially in a U-shape to form an actuator together with the push button 450. The functioning connecting member 65 is loosely passed through the through-hole 180 c, and both bent ends of the connecting member 65 are pivotally supported at the lower end of one end of the cylindrical body 451 of the push button 450. And the drive cam 180 are coupled to each other. Therefore, when the push button 450 is pushed in, the push button 450 moves downward, and the connecting cam 65 rotates the drive cam 180 in the direction of the arrow in FIG. Further, when the push button 450 is operated to release the push, the push button 450 is moved upward, and the drive cam 180 is rotated by the connecting member 65 in the arrow direction in FIG. .

  At this time, although the above-described push button switch is configured to interpose the connecting member 65 loosely passed through the through-hole 180c, the through-hole 180c of the drive cam 180 through which the connecting member 65 passes freely serves as an engaging portion in the present invention. Acting, the end of the push button 450 which is substantially an actuator is engaged, and the movement of the push button 450 is transmitted as the rotation of the drive cam 180 in the forward and reverse directions.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B, the distance from the rotation shaft 180a of the drive cam 180 to the through hole 180c where the pressing force of the push button 450 acts is the rotation shaft 180a of the drive cam 180. Is set to be longer than any distance from the both ends of the cam groove 180b, which is the connecting portion of the connecting portion 22. Therefore, the former distance (distance from the rotation shaft 180a to the through-hole 180c) and the latter distance (distance from the rotation shaft 180a to the cam groove 180b) are the same or compared with the case where the former is shorter. Therefore, the pushing force when pushing the push button 450 for an emergency stop is small and easy to operate. As a result, even if the movable contact 39a and the fixed contact 39b are welded, for example, the welded contacts 39a and 39b can be forcibly separated by a small pushing force. In the first and second embodiments described above, the same effect can be obtained by setting the distance from the rotary shaft 13 to the engaging portions 15a and 15b to be longer than the distance from the rotary shaft 13 to the guide groove 15d. can get.

  Furthermore, even if the operation rod 21 of the pushbutton switch in FIG. 11 is broken and broken in the middle, or the operation unit 55 is broken or dropped, the movable contact 39a of the switch 39 is a coil spring as in the first embodiment. 50, the lower portion of the operating rod 21 is urged downward by the urging force of the coil spring 50, and the movable contact 39a is reliably separated from the fixed contact 39b. The switch 39 is kept open.

  Next, the pushbutton switch shown in FIG. 11 is inserted and arranged in series electrically in, for example, a power supply path to an industrial machine, and the pushbutton switch is used as an emergency stop switch for emergency stop when an abnormality occurs. The operation will be described.

  Now, when the industrial machine is operating normally, the pushbutton switch is not pushed in, so the pushbutton 450 is upward in one direction in the present invention as shown in FIG. It is in a movable state. At this time, the drive cam 180 is rotated in the arrow direction (corresponding to the positive direction of the present invention) in FIG. As the drive cam 180 rotates, the connecting portion 22 moves relative to the guide groove 180b closer to the rotation shaft 180a, so that the tip of the operation rod 21 slides on a flat portion on the outer periphery of the drive cam 180. The operating rod 21 is moved upward in one direction in the present invention while resisting the urging force of the coil spring 50, the movable contact 39a of the switch 39 contacts the fixed contact 39b, and the switch 39 is closed. It becomes a state. In this state, since the push button switch is in the ON state, for example, power is normally supplied to the industrial machine.

  And when it is necessary to stop the industrial machine in an emergency due to some abnormality, the push button 450 is pushed in, and when the push button 450 is moved downward from the state of FIG. The drive cam 180 is rotated in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 4A (corresponding to the reverse direction of the present invention) in conjunction with the downward movement of the push button 450 by the connecting member 65, and the connecting portion 22 is moved to the guide groove 180b. Is moved relatively away from the rotary shaft 180a, whereby the tip of the operating rod 21 slides on a flat portion on the outer periphery of the drive cam 180, and the operating rod 21 is moved by the biasing force of the coil spring 50 in the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5A, the movable contact 39a of the switch 39 is separated from the fixed contact 39b, and the switch 39 is opened. As a result, the pushbutton switch is turned off, for example, the power supply to the industrial machine is cut off, and the industrial machine is emergency stopped.

  As described above, in the eighth embodiment, the operation rod 21 is damaged during the pushing operation, as well as the industrial machine can be brought to an emergency stop by pushing the push button switch from the on state to the off state. Even if the operation unit 55 is broken or dropped, it is possible to reliably keep the switch 39 in an open state and prevent the switch 39 from being closed, and a push button switch with extremely good safety. Can be obtained.

<Others>
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made to the above-described one without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, in the first to eighth embodiments described above, the switch device including one switch 39 has been described. However, two or more switches may be provided.

  In the above-described embodiment, the coil spring 50 and the magnets 500a and 500b have been described as “biasing means” of the present invention, but the biasing means is not limited to these. In short, the biasing means may have any configuration as long as it can bias the movable contact in the opening direction with respect to the fixed contact.

  Further, in the first to eighth embodiments described above, a switch device including a switch 39 having a biasing means that biases the movable contact 39a in a direction to separate from the fixed contact 39b will be described as an example. However, in addition to the switch 39 as described above, a configuration having a biasing means for biasing the movable contact in a direction to close the fixed contact and a switch that performs an opening / closing operation opposite to the switch 39 is provided. Good. In this case, the switch 39 may be used for controlling the operation of the external device, and the new switch may be a switch for obtaining an electrical signal for detecting the entry of the actuator.

  With such a configuration, for example, in the case of a safety switch as shown in FIGS. 1 to 8, the switch 39 is closed as the actuator 3 enters, and the external device can be operated from an inoperable state. On the other hand, the new switch is opened as the actuator 3 enters. Thus, by monitoring the open / close state of the switch that performs the reverse opening / closing operation of the switch 39, the state of the external device can be confirmed from the outside in addition to the entry and retraction of the actuator 3.

  Further, in each of the above-described embodiments, the connecting portions 22, 23, and 24 (connecting means) move along the guide portions such as the guide grooves 15c, 160c, 170b, and 180b and the guide hole 150d. Any configuration may be adopted as long as 210 reciprocates against the urging force of the urging means such as the coil spring 50 and the magnets 500a and 500b.

  In the first to fourth embodiments, the operation unit 5 and the switch unit 7 may be detachably coupled. With such a configuration, the operation unit 5 can be attached to and detached from the switch unit 7 as necessary, so that the maintenance of the switch body 1 can be easily performed for each unit. When the operation unit 5 and the switch unit 7 are disconnected, the biasing means such as the coil spring 50 and the magnets 500a and 500b bias the movable contact 39a in the opening direction with respect to the fixed contact 39b, so that the opening and closing are performed. The container 39 can be reliably opened.

  Next, a configuration in which the operation units 5, 55 and the switch units 7, 700, 77 are detachably coupled will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of the main part of the operating rod 211, where (a) shows a state in which the distal end 211a and the base 211b constituting the operating rod 211 are detached, and (b) shows the distal end 211a as the base. The state attached to 211b is shown.

  As shown in FIG. 12, an engaging protrusion 211a1 protrudes from the lower end of the tip 211a of the operating rod 211, and a guide groove 211b1 is formed above the base 211b so that the engaging protrusion 211a1 can be engaged. . Therefore, when the operation units 5 and 55 are attached to the switch units 7, 700, 77 from the state where the operation units 5, 55 and the switch units 7, 700, 77 shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5B, the operation portions 5 and 55 can be attached to the switch portions 7, 700, and 77 by inserting the engagement protrusion 211 a 1 into the guide groove 211 b 1.

  In FIG. 12, the connecting portions 22 and 23 connect the operating rod 21 to the drive cams 15, 150, 160, 170, and 180 so that the operating rod 21 cannot rotate about its axis. Although the configuration of the eighth embodiment has been described as an example, the configuration similar to that of FIG. 12 is the same as the configuration of the fourth embodiment in which the connecting portion 24 connects the operating rod 210 to the drive cam so as to be rotatable about its axis. Of course, you may adopt. Further, by adopting the configuration of FIG. 12 in the fifth embodiment, even when the connecting means connects the operating rod to the drive cam so as not to rotate about its axis, the operating portion and the switch portion Can be detachably coupled via the interposition member.

  Further, the shape of the interposition member is not limited to the above-described cylindrical shape, and may be any shape such as a polygonal shape as long as the operation unit and the switch unit can be detachably coupled.

  The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made to the above without departing from the spirit thereof. The safety switch described in each of the above embodiments, In addition to the safety limit switch, selector switch, and push button switch, improve safety by reliably opening the switch even when the operating rod is damaged, or when the operating part is damaged or dropped. The present invention can also be applied to other switch devices that can be used.

Claims (5)

An operating rod of the switch body and an operating rod that reciprocates between the switch portion and an actuator that can be moved in one direction and the other by an external operation. The operating rod reciprocates in conjunction with the movement of the actuator. In the switch device in which the open / close state of the switch disposed in the switch unit is switched in conjunction with the reciprocating movement of the operation rod,
The operation portion is rotatably disposed, and has a large diameter portion and a small small diameter portion that have a large distance from the rotation shaft, and has one sliding contact surface near the rotation shaft and the other sliding contact surface far from the rotation shaft. A drive cam having a cam portion and rotating in the forward and reverse directions in conjunction with the bidirectional movement of the actuator;
Urging means for urging the movable contact of the switch in the opening direction with respect to the fixed contact;
A linking means that is movably attached along the slidable contact surfaces of the cam portion , and that connects the tip end portion of the operating rod to the drive cam;
The actuator is coupled to the rotation shaft of the drive cam, and is rotated in both directions by an external operation to rotate the drive cam in forward and reverse directions.
By the rotation of the drive cam in the positive direction in conjunction with the movement of the actuator in one direction, the connecting means slides on the other sliding contact surface of the cam portion to change from the large diameter portion to the small diameter portion. The operation rod moves toward the operation portion while resisting the urging force of the urging means by the connecting means moving in one direction along the small diameter portion from the large diameter portion of the cam portion. The movable contact is moved so as to be in contact with the fixed contact opposite to the direction of the urging force, and the switch is switched to the closed state. When the drive cam is rotated in the reverse direction in conjunction with the movement in the direction, the connecting means moves from the small diameter portion of the cam portion in the other direction along the large diameter portion, and the operation rod is By the biasing force of the biasing means Serial and is a direction toward the switch unit moves to the other direction to move the movable contact away from the same to the fixed contact and the direction of the biasing force switches the switch to an open state,
When the movable contact is welded to the fixed contact,
By the rotation of the drive cam in the reverse direction in conjunction with the movement of the actuator in the other direction, the connecting means slides on the one slidable contact surface of the cam portion from the small diameter portion to the large diameter portion. The operating rod is pushed in the other direction, which is a direction toward the switch portion, by the connecting means that moves along the large diameter portion from the small diameter portion of the cam portion. Accordingly, the operating rod is moved in the other direction by the urging force of the urging means, and the movable contact is forcibly moved so as to be separated from the fixed contact in the same direction as the urging force. A switch device characterized in that the device is switched to an open state . As the drive cam rotates in the forward direction in conjunction with the movement of the actuator in one direction, the connecting means moves in a direction away from the switch portion along the cam portion, thereby The switch is moved to the closed state while moving in the direction of being pulled out from the switch part against the urging force of the urging means,
As the drive cam is rotated in the opposite direction in conjunction with the movement of the actuator in the other direction, the connecting means moves along the cam portion in a direction approaching the switch portion, thereby Movement by the urging force of the urging means is allowed, and the switch is opened by moving in the direction in which the operating rod is pushed into the switch portion by the movement of the connecting means and the urging force of the urging means. The switch device according to claim 1, wherein: The connecting means connects the operating rod to the drive cam so as to be rotatable about its axis;
3. The switch device according to claim 1, wherein the operation portion of the switch body is coupled to the switch portion so as to be rotatable around an axis of the operation rod. The switch device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the operation section of the switch body is detachably coupled to the switch section. A coupling member provided between the operation unit and the switch unit;
The switch device according to claim 4 , wherein the operation unit and the switch unit are detachably coupled via the coupling member.

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