JP5372421B2 - Evacuation simulation system, evacuation simulation method, evacuation simulation program, and recording medium - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an evacuation simulation system by which the bottleneck of obstructing safe evacuation can easily be specified so that improvement measures can be examined, and the influence of evacuee's individual characteristics on the safety of evacuation can be evaluated. <P>SOLUTION: The evacuation simulation system 100 is composed of: a simulation condition input means 1 for inputting conditions in executing a simulation; a database 6 storing the initial value data concerning buildings and evacuees to be the object of the simulation and elevators used for evacuation; an initial value data reading means 2 reading the initial value data stored in the database 6; a simulation execution means 5 execution the simulation prepared for each item; an output means 3 outputting the results of the simulation executed by the simulation execution means 5; and a control means 4 controlling each means. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an evacuation simulation system, and more particularly to an evacuation simulation system and an evacuation simulation method for simulating disaster evacuation in a high-rise building using multi-agent technology.

In recent years, in cities, in order to make effective use of land, it has become mainstream to increase the number of buildings such as office buildings and condominiums, and higher-rise buildings are accepted as resident status. In addition, as the height of the building rises, it is unavoidable to use an elevator to move to each floor, which is convenient, but how to quickly evacuate in the event of a disaster (especially a fire) is an issue. ing. Therefore, when designing buildings, the Fire Service Act obligates the creation of evacuation plans and the creation of pre-evaluation calculations in order to ensure quick and safe evacuation performance in the event of a disaster. The currently required evacuation safety evaluation method is a method of obtaining the evacuation completion time by substituting the user information, scale / flooring information, etc. of a building into an approximate expression.
In these high-rise buildings, there are many unspecified people in addition to residents, so it is difficult to actually perform evacuation drills including these unspecified many people. Therefore, it has been conventionally verified by assuming a disaster by computer simulation.

Non-Patent Document 1 as a prior art related to simulation is that a virtual reality (VR) device is used to experience smoke generated in a virtual space by a multi-agent simulator by actually generating smoke with a smoke generating device of a simulated experience device. It is described that the result is fed back to the action of the avatar.
Non-Patent Document 2 divides the space in the building into floors, stairs, and landings, models the movement of evacuees in each space, and queues the degree of congestion at the confluence of each space during evacuation. It is used for simulation.
Non-Patent Document 3 is a simulation of evacuation behavior taking into account human psychology and behavioral characteristics at the time of a disaster, and evacuating by incorporating these human psychological and behavioral characteristics into the attributes of the refugee. Expresses the person's behavior.
“Development of a pseudo-experience type multi-agent simulator for building fires” Shunsuke Yatsuka, Hideyuki Nakanishi, Satoshi Ishida, Nobuyuki Abe, Tsunehiro Yamada: The 19th Annual Conference of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence, 2005 “Construction and Evaluation of Evacuation Simulation in High-rise Buildings” Kana Oshio: Chuo University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Information Engineering, Graduation Research Paper 2006 "Simulation of evacuation behavior using multi-agent model" Mayuko Oshino: Graduate School of Information Engineering, Chuo University, Graduate School of Information Science 2005

However, while the evaluation method based on the conventional firefighting method is excellent in simplicity, when formulating a safe and reliable evacuation plan, it is improved because 1) it is difficult to identify the factors that bring about a certain result. It is difficult to examine measures (for example, it is difficult to specify what part of the building shape is caused by the delay in evacuation time). 2) It is difficult to predict the effects of software measures such as the establishment of evacuation rules (e.g., prediction of the impact of evacuation guidance methods and the level of awareness of evacuation rules). 3) There are problems such as inability to take into account individual characteristics (eg, evacuated vulnerable persons such as disabled persons and elderly persons).
Moreover, since the prior art described in Non-Patent Document 1 actually generates smoke generated by simulation and feeds back the behavior of the avatar, a simulation result close to the actual evacuation behavior can be obtained, Although the accuracy of the simulation can be improved, there is a problem that the scale of the apparatus is increased, and it takes a long time to obtain a simulation result, resulting in an increase in simulation cost.
Moreover, although the prior art described in the nonpatent literature 2 is simulating on the assumption that an evacuee model evacuates by a queue, the actual behavior of an evacuee is an accurate queue (in a line) This is an ideal evacuee action, but it is difficult to apply in an actual disaster.
In addition, the conventional technology described in Non-Patent Document 3 incorporates the psychological aspect of the evacuees into the attributes of the evacuees and performs the simulation, so that it is close to the actual scene and can improve the accuracy of the simulation. However, it is difficult to give what kind of psychological attribute to each agent, and it is necessary to give attributes to all the agents, and there is a problem that it takes a lot of time for the preparation stage of simulation.
The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and by taking an approach of modeling an refugee individual as a single action unit and successively reproducing the state of each individual during the evacuation action, any By tracking the evacuation situation at the point of time, it is possible to easily identify bottlenecks that prevent safe evacuation and examine improvement measures, and to examine the impact of individual characteristics of evacuees on evacuation safety. An object is to provide an evacuation simulation system that can be evaluated.

In order to solve such a problem, the present invention provides an evacuation simulation system for simulating a disaster evacuation method in a high-rise building by using a multi-agent simulation technique, and inputs conditions for executing the simulation. Simulation condition input means, a database for storing initial value data relating to a building to be simulated, a refugee, and an elevator used for evacuation, and an initial value for reading the initial value data stored in the database Data reading means, simulation execution means for executing a simulation provided for each item, and output means for outputting a simulation result executed by the simulation execution means, wherein the simulation execution means is located on each floor. Stairs evacuation behavior simulation that simulates evacuation behavior when a person evacuates using stairs, and elevator use that simulates evacuation behavior when an evacuee on each floor evacuates using the elevator provided on each floor An evacuation behavior simulation and an elevator movement processing simulation for simulating movement processing when the elevator moves on each floor, and if the elevator cannot be used based on the initial value data stored in the database run the stairs using evacuation simulation, together if possible elevator available to run the elevator use evacuation simulation, the elevator moving process simulation for the evacuation who performed the elevator use evacuation simulation The by running, congestion and movement of delays that occur in each characterized by Simulation as influence each other.
The simulation system of the present invention comprises a simulation condition input means, a database, an initial value data reading means, a simulation execution means, an output means, and a control means. Then, the control means executes the simulation of each item for all the refugees based on the simulation condition input by the simulation condition input means and each initial value data read by the initial value data reading means, and this simulation The result is visualized and output by the output means. That is, by simulating the behavior of an evacuee as an agent for each item , it is simulated whether evacuation can be carried out quickly and safely when an aggregate as a multi-agent is obtained. As a result, data relating to individual refugee models can be aggregated and analyzed, and swiftness and safety of the assumed evacuation scenario can be evaluated to clarify problems in the target building.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the initial value data relating to the building to be simulated includes the number of floors of the building, the floor cell, the wall cell, the obstacle cell, and the object constituting the unit space scale of each floor. Including the position of the ground cell, the distance value between the cells, and the bank number, and the simulation execution means sequentially sets the distance value from the destination cell to the peripheral cells of the destination cell, When the evacuee moves, the moving direction for approaching the destination cell is acquired with reference to the distance value.
Claim 3, the simulation executing unit, when the destination cell there are a plurality, wherein the creating a distribution of distances to each destination cell individually.
The stairs-based evacuation behavior simulation is characterized in that the simulation ends when all the refugees have reached the evacuation end floor or when all the refugees have reached the lower floor of the disaster occurrence floor. And
When an elevator is disabled and evacuates by stairs, the safest thing is that all refugees move to the evacuation end floor. Also, especially when a fire breaks out, it is important to evacuate to the floor below that floor. Therefore, the simulation is terminated when any of these conditions is achieved. Thereby, the conditions for executing the simulation are clarified, and a useless simulation can be deleted.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the elevator evacuation behavior simulation ends the simulation when all the refugees have reached the evacuation end floor.
Since the elevator is a closed room, it may be possible to stop the evacuation and put the evacuees in a canned state. At that time, if it stops in the middle of each floor, rescue may become difficult. Therefore, when evacuating by an elevator, it is important whether the elevator has reached the evacuation end floor. From this point of view, it is an iron rule that the simulation of elevator-based evacuation behavior ends when all the evacuees reach the evacuation end floor. Thereby, the safety | security of the evacuation by an elevator can be improved.
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, the elevator movement processing simulation uses initial state data relating to an elevator used for the evacuation, the state of the elevator, the destination floor of the elevator, and the movement time of the elevator.
The elevator moves according to an instruction of a destination floor button provided on each floor. In addition, it operates according to an algorithm unique to the elevator. For example, when the destination floor button is pressed simultaneously on the upper floor and the lower floor, which one has priority depends on the floor where the elevator is stopped. Therefore, in the present invention, the elevator state indicating whether the elevator is waiting or moving, the elevator destination floor indicating whether the elevator is at the evacuation accommodation floor or the evacuation end floor, and the elevator moving time are used as initial value data relating to the elevator. Thereby, the movement process of an elevator can be simulated as an operation | movement according to the evacuation condition.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, the output means outputs, in a file , the location of all evacuees and the time required from the start of simulation to the completion of evacuation for evacuees who have completed evacuation at every preset simulation step interval. Features.
When evacuees evacuate, the most important factor is the time required from the start of simulation to the completion of evacuation. Naturally, the lower the floor, the shorter the time required to complete the evacuation. Therefore, in the present invention, at least a file output of the location of all evacuees and the time required from the start of the simulation to the completion of the evacuation for the evacuees who have completed the evacuation. Thereby, it is possible to recognize the time required to complete the evacuation of each floor and the time required to complete the evacuation of all the refugees.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, the simulation condition input means inputs evacuation by stairs or / and evacuation by an elevator as simulation conditions as an evacuation method.
When a disaster occurs, an elevator cannot always be used. Therefore, in the present invention, before the simulation is started, either or both of evacuation by stairs and evacuation by an elevator can be selected and input as a simulation condition. Thereby, it is possible to select and simulate conditions close to an actual disaster.
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, the simulation condition input means is a simultaneous notification that immediately notifies all floors as a disaster notification method, or immediately notifies the disaster occurrence floor and the directly above floor, and delays for a predetermined time in other floors. One of the time difference notifications to be notified is input as a simulation condition.
When a disaster occurs, how quickly and reliably the notification of the disaster is a branching point for whether or not to increase the damage. As this notification method, there is a simultaneous notification that immediately notifies all the floors, or a time difference notification that immediately notifies the disaster occurrence floor and the immediately above floor and notifies the other floors after a predetermined time. There are merits and demerits in these notification methods, and in the case of simultaneous notification, it can be communicated to all at the same time, but there is a risk that evacuees will rush into the evacuation gates and elevators and cause secondary disasters. On the other hand, the time difference notification is that some evacuees closest to the disaster occurrence site can start evacuation immediately, but if there are weak persons such as disabled persons on the floor that was notified after a predetermined time, The problem remains that the degree of risk increases by the delay of the notification time. In the present invention, either simultaneous notification or time difference notification is selected by the simulation condition input means, and simulation is performed separately. Thereby, each merits and demerits can be grasped clearly and the most suitable evacuation method for every building can be selected.

A tenth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the simulation condition input means can set a notification time for each floor or a plurality of notification patterns as a simulation condition.
As a simulation condition, in the present invention, an announcement time can be input as a condition for each floor. Alternatively, various notification patterns can be input as conditions. Thereby, the optimal notification method for the target building can be selected.
Claim 11 is an evacuation simulation method for simulating a disaster evacuation method in a high-rise building using multi-agent simulation technology, wherein the simulation condition input means inputs conditions for executing the simulation, and the database A step of storing initial value data relating to a building to be simulated, a refugee, and an elevator used for evacuation; and a step of reading the initial value data stored in the database by an initial value data reading means; comprising the steps of: simulating execution means executes the simulation provided in each item, the method comprising output means for outputting a simulation result executed by the simulation execution unit, wherein the simulation means Stair use evacuation behavior simulation that simulates evacuation behavior when evacuees on each floor evacuate using stairs and evacuation behavior when evacuees on each floor evacuate using the elevators provided on each floor Elevator use evacuation behavior simulation to simulate and elevator movement processing simulation to simulate movement processing when the elevator moves on each floor, based on initial value data stored in the database, use of elevator is impossible run the staircase utilizing evacuation simulation case, the elevator moves the process when possible elevator available and executes the elevator utilization evacuation simulations for evacuees executing the elevator utilization evacuation simulation By executing the simulation, congestion and movement of delays that occur in each characterized by Simulation as influence each other.
The present invention can achieve the same effects as those of the first aspect.

12. The initial value data relating to the building to be simulated includes the number of floors of the building, the floor cells, the wall cells, the obstacle cells, and the purpose of the unit space scale of each floor. Including the position of the ground cell, the distance value between the cells, and the bank number, and the simulation execution means sequentially sets the distance value from the destination cell to the peripheral cells of the destination cell, When the evacuee moves, the method includes a step of acquiring a moving direction approaching the destination cell with reference to the distance value.
The present invention can achieve the same effects as those of the second aspect.
According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, the simulation execution unit individually creates a distribution of distances in each of the destination cells when there are a plurality of the destination cells.
The present invention can achieve the same effects as those of the third aspect.
14. The stairs-based evacuation behavior simulation is characterized in that the simulation ends when all the refugees have reached the evacuation end floor or when all the refugees have reached the lower floor of the disaster occurrence floor. And
The present invention can achieve the same effects as those of the fourth aspect.
The fifteenth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the elevator evacuation behavior simulation ends the simulation when all the refugees have reached the evacuation end floor.
The present invention can achieve the same effects as those of the fifth aspect.

According to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention, the elevator movement process simulation uses the elevator state, the destination floor of the elevator, and the elevator movement time as initial value data relating to the elevator used for the evacuation.
The present invention can achieve the same effects as those of the sixth aspect.
Claim 17, wherein the output means, for each simulation step interval set in advance, the location of all the evacuees, and that the time required from simulation start until evacuation completed, the file output for evacuees evacuation is complete Features.
The present invention can achieve the same effects as those of the seventh aspect.
The simulation condition input means inputs evacuation by stairs or / and evacuation by an elevator as simulation conditions as an evacuation method.
The present invention can achieve the same effects as those of the eighth aspect.

According to a nineteenth aspect of the present invention, the simulation condition input means is a simultaneous notification that immediately notifies all the floors as a disaster notification method, or immediately notifies the disaster occurrence floor and the immediately above floor and delays by a predetermined time on the other floors. One of the time difference notifications to be notified is input as a simulation condition.
The present invention can achieve the same effects as those of the ninth aspect.
The twentieth aspect is characterized in that the simulation condition input means can set a notification time for each floor or a plurality of notification patterns as simulation conditions.
The present invention can achieve the same effects as those of the tenth aspect.
Claim 21 is a evacuation simulation program for causing execution of the steps of the evacuation simulation method according to the computer in any one of claims 11 to 20.
By programming the evacuation simulation method of the present invention according to an OS that can be controlled by a computer, any computer equipped with the OS can be controlled by the same processing method.
A twenty-second aspect is characterized in that the evacuation simulation program according to the twenty-first aspect is recorded in a computer-readable format.
By recording the evacuation simulation program on a recording medium in a computer-readable format, the program can be operated anywhere by carrying the recording medium.

According to the present invention, it is determined whether or not evacuation can be carried out quickly and safely in the case of an aggregate as a multi-agent by simulating the behavior of an evacuee as an agent for each item. Since simulation is performed, it is possible to aggregate and analyze data on individual refugee models, and to evaluate the speed and safety of the assumed evacuation scenario to clarify the problem of the target building.
Moreover, since the behavior of the refugee as an agent is simulated separately when evacuating by stairs and when evacuating by an elevator, evacuation by a high-rise building can be simulated under conditions close to reality.
In addition, the stairs evacuation behavior simulation ends the simulation when all of the evacuees move to the evacuation end floor or evacuate to the floor below the disaster occurrence floor for the time being. The conditions for executing the simulation are clarified, and wasteful simulation can be reduced.
In addition, since the elevator-based evacuation behavior simulation is terminated when all the refugees have reached the evacuation end floor, the safety of evacuation by the elevator can be improved.
In addition, since the elevator state indicating whether the elevator is waiting or moving, the elevator destination floor indicating whether it is the evacuee accommodation floor or the evacuation end floor, and the elevator travel time are used as initial value data related to the elevator, The movement process can be simulated as an action in accordance with the evacuation situation.

In addition, since the initial value data of the building is the number of floors, the position of the cell that is the execution unit of the simulation, the distance between the cells, and the bank number, the behavior of the refugees moving in the building can be accurately In addition, it is possible to perform a detailed simulation.
In addition, since the location of all evacuees and the time required from the start of simulation to the completion of evacuation for the evacuees who have completed evacuation are output as a file, the time required to complete the evacuation for each floor and the evacuation completion of all the evacuees You can recognize the time required until.
Also, before starting the simulation, either stairs evacuation, evacuation by elevator, or both are selected and entered as simulation conditions, so the conditions close to the actual disaster can be arbitrarily selected and simulated. Can do.
In addition, since either simulation or time difference notification is selected by simulation condition input means, and simulation is performed separately, the best evacuation method for each building must be selected by clearly grasping the advantages and disadvantages of each. Can do.
In addition, as the simulation condition, in the present invention, the notification time can be input as a condition for each floor, or various notification patterns can be input as conditions, so the optimal notification method for the target building is selected. be able to.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings. However, the components, types, combinations, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like described in this embodiment are merely illustrative examples and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention only unless otherwise specified. .
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram showing each function of the evacuation simulation system according to the embodiment of the present invention. The evacuation simulation system 100 is an evacuation simulation system 100 that simulates fire evacuation in a high-rise building using a multi-agent simulation technique, and includes a simulation condition input means 1 for inputting conditions for executing the simulation, a simulation A database (DB) 6 for storing initial value data relating to buildings, evacuees, and elevators used for evacuation, and initial value data reading means 2 for reading the initial value data stored in the database 6 A simulation execution means 5 for executing a simulation provided for each item; an output means 3 for outputting a simulation result executed by the simulation execution means 5; and a control means 4 for controlling each means. It has been made. The simulation execution means 5 uses the staircase evacuation behavior simulation 5a for simulating the evacuation behavior when the refugees on each floor evacuate using the stairs, and the elevator provided on each floor for the refugees on each floor. And an elevator evacuation behavior simulation 5b for simulating evacuation behavior when evacuating, and an elevator movement processing simulation 5c for simulating movement processing when the elevator moves on each floor.
Here, the control means 4 executes the simulation for each item for all the refugees based on the simulation condition input by the simulation condition input means 1 and each initial value data read by the initial value data reading means 2. Then, the simulation result is visualized and output by the output means 3.

  That is, the simulation system 100 according to this embodiment includes a simulation condition input unit 1, a database 6, an initial value data reading unit 2, a simulation execution unit 5, an output unit 3, and a control unit 4. Based on the simulation conditions input by the simulation condition input unit 1 and the initial value data read by the initial value data reading unit 2, the control unit 4 executes a simulation for each item for all the refugees. Then, the result of this simulation is visualized and output by the output means 3. That is, by simulating the behavior of the refugee as an agent for each item, it is simulated whether evacuation can be carried out quickly and safely in the case of an aggregate as a multi-agent. As a result, data relating to individual refugee models can be aggregated and analyzed, and swiftness and safety of the assumed evacuation scenario can be evaluated to clarify problems in the target building.

In addition, by simulating the behavior of evacuees as agents when evacuating by stairs and when evacuating by elevators, the evacuation can be performed quickly when it becomes an aggregate as a multi-agent, and Simulate whether it can be done safely. In addition, when evacuating by an elevator, it is also simulated how the movement process of the elevator will be due to the actions taken by the evacuee. This makes it possible to simulate evacuation by a high-rise building under conditions that are close to reality.
The output means 3 outputs at least a file of the location of all evacuees and the required time from the start of simulation to the completion of evacuation for the evacuees who have completed evacuation at every preset simulation step interval. That is, when an evacuee evacuates, the most important factor is the time required from the start of simulation to the completion of evacuation. Naturally, the lower the floor, the shorter the time required to complete the evacuation. Therefore, in this embodiment, at least a file output of the location of all the evacuees and the required time from the start of the simulation to the completion of the evacuation for the evacuees who have completed the evacuation. Thereby, it is possible to recognize the time required for completion of evacuation for each floor and the time required for completion of evacuation for all refugees.
The simulation condition input means 1 can input evacuation by stairs or / and evacuation by an elevator as simulation conditions as an evacuation method. That is, when a disaster occurs, an elevator cannot always be used. Therefore, in the present invention, before the simulation is started, either or both of evacuation by stairs and evacuation by an elevator can be selected and input as a simulation condition. Thereby, it is possible to select and simulate conditions close to an actual disaster.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining the overall operation of the evacuation simulation system according to the present invention. First, an evacuation scenario for realizing quick and safe fire evacuation is examined for a target high-rise building (S1). Items to be considered include improvement of floor plan of building, fire notification timing for each floor, selection of floor (or type of refugee to permit) that allows evacuation using elevator, and setting of temporary evacuation floor.
Next, in order to verify the evacuation efficiency in the examined evacuation scenario by simulation as preparation for performing the simulation, various setting files based on the contents of the evacuation scenario are created (S2). Note that the simulation pre-data file includes a building information definition file, an evacuee information file, an elevator information file, and a simulation condition setting file.
Next, as a simulation, a simulation is performed using various setting files based on the contents of the evacuation scenario, and the result is acquired as a data file (S3). The simulation result data file includes an evacuee position log file and an evacuation completion time log file.
Next, as an analysis of the simulation result, the obtained data files are aggregated and analyzed, the assumed evacuation scenario is evaluated from the viewpoint of speed and safety, and if there is a problem, the cause is specified (S4). The result is output as an evaluation / analysis report.

  FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining the detailed operation of the evacuation simulation system according to the present invention. First, conditions for executing the simulation are input from the simulation condition input means 1, and initial value data (details will be described later) relating to the building to be simulated, the evacuees, and the elevator used for evacuation are initially set. It is read from the database 6 by the value data reading means 2 (S10). Next, announce the fire. At this time, whether simultaneous notification or time difference notification is selected and inputted in advance by the simulation condition input means 1 (S12). Next, the evacuees n on the predetermined floor are set as n = 1, N, 1 (N is the total number of evacuees, and the first person means one person up to N persons) (S13). Next, it is verified whether the evacuation has been completed (S14). Since evacuation has not been completed at first, the process proceeds to step S15. In step S15, it is verified whether the elevator can be used (S15). If the elevator can be used (YES in S15), an elevator evacuation behavior simulation 5b of the simulation execution means 5 is executed (S16). If the elevator cannot be used in step S15 (NO in S15), the staircase use evacuation behavior simulation 5a of the simulation execution means 5 is executed (S17). Steps S13 to S18 are repeated until n = N. As a result, when the evacuation of all the evacuees on the predetermined floor is completed in step S14 (YES in S14), the movement process when the elevator moves from each floor to the evacuee who has executed the elevator-based evacuation behavior simulation 5b. Is executed (S19). Thereby, the evacuation of the evacuees on the predetermined floor is completed, and the result is displayed on the screen of the building plan view and the position of the evacuees from the output means 3 (S20). At the same time, the simulation result is output to a file (S21). Then, it is verified whether all the evacuees on each floor have completed evacuation (S22). If all the evacuees on all floors have not completed evacuation, the process returns to step S11 to set the number of evacuees on the next floor. (S13) and repeat from step S14. Therefore, since the movement of the refugee is performed every hour in the repetition of steps S13 to S18, the movement of the refugee is completed in unit time. Similarly, in the repetition of steps S11 to S22, the entire time until all the evacuations are completed is completed.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of initial value data stored in the database 6.
The categories of initial value data include buildings, evacuees, elevator information, and simulation conditions. The contents of the building category include the number of floors as a global value, floor cells, wall cells, obstacle cells, stair cells, stairway entrance / exit cells, exit cells, elevator hall cells, and elevator entrance / exit cells as cell positions, and cell distance values There are floor cells, staircase cells, and elevator hall cells, and bank numbers include elevator hall cells. Here, as shown in FIG. 5A as the cell distance value, the distance value from the destination cell 33 to the surrounding cells of the destination cell 33 (excluding the obstacle cell 32 and the staircase cell) is shown in FIG. Set sequentially as shown in (b). (When the evacuees move, refer to this distance value to obtain the direction of movement approaching the destination.) If there are multiple stairway entrances on one floor, create a separate distance distribution for each stairway entrance. (Because it is decided in advance by the evacuees which stairs to use). Further, the content of the category of the refugee includes attributes such as the initial position of the refugee, the maximum walking speed of the refugee, the evacuation method (elevator can be used or not), and the stairs number used in the floor. The elevator information category includes the initial location floor (constant, ground floor), time required for moving between floors, stop floor, capacity, and bank number. In addition, the contents of the simulation condition category are as follows: fire occurrence floor, fire occurrence notification timing (for each floor), and end condition: A: Everyone reached the exit. B: Everyone reached the lower floor of the fire.
That is, the initial value data of the building greatly affects the simulation result. That is, the number of floors, the position of a cell as a simulation execution unit, the distance between the cells, and the bank number. Bank numbers are, for example, an elevator that stops from the first floor to the 13th floor on each floor, and a bank 1 that does not stop from the first floor to the 13th floor and stops on each floor from the 14th floor to the 23rd floor. A plurality of banks are formed. Thereby, it is possible to accurately and finely simulate the behavior of the evacuees moving in the building.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the staircase evacuation behavior simulation according to the present invention. First, it is verified for each floor whether the evacuation end floor (A or B of the end condition in FIG. 4) has been reached (S30). If it has not reached the evacuation end floor (NO in S30), it is verified whether it has already arrived at the stairs entrance on the current floor (S31). If it has arrived (YES in S31), it is verified whether it has already arrived at the stairs entrance 1 floor below (S32). If it has arrived (YES in S32), the floor number of the current floor is decremented and the process ends (S33).
On the other hand, if the evacuation end floor has been reached in step 30 (YES in S30), one is “A. Everyone has reached the exit” (evacuation end floor = ground floor) is in an evacuation completion state ( S34). Second, if “everyone has reached the lower floor of the fire” (evacuation end floor = fire occurrence lower floor), it is verified whether the evacuation is complete (S35). ) If the evacuation is not completed (NO in S35), it is verified whether the exit has been reached (S36). If it has not been reached (NO in S36), it moves to the exit (S37) and if it has reached (S37) (YES in S36) The evacuation is completed (S38). If it has not arrived at the stairway entrance / exit of the current floor at step S31 (NO at S31), it moves to the entrance / exit of the current floor (S39). If it has not arrived at the 1st floor stairs entrance in step S32 (NO in S32), it moves to the 1st floor stairs entrance (S40).
That is, when the elevator becomes unusable and evacuates by stairs, the safest thing is that all refugees move to the evacuation end floor. Also, especially when a fire breaks out, it is important to evacuate to the floor below that floor. Therefore, the simulation is terminated when any of these conditions is achieved. Thereby, the conditions for executing the simulation are clarified, and wasteful simulation can be reduced.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the elevator-based evacuation behavior simulation according to the present invention. First, it is verified for each floor whether the evacuation end floor (A or B of the end condition in FIG. 4) has been reached (S50). If the evacuation end floor has not been reached (NO in S50), it is verified whether the elevator boarding / exiting floor has been reached (S51). If it has reached (YES in S51), it is verified whether it is within a certain distance from the elevator entrance / exit (S52). If it is within a certain distance (YES in S52), it is verified whether the elevator has arrived (S53). If it has arrived (YES in S53), the elevator is taken (S54) and the destination floor is designated (S55). ).
On the other hand, if the evacuation end floor has been reached in step 50 (YES in S50), one is set to the evacuation completion state if "A. Everyone has reached the exit" (S56). Second, in the case of “all members have reached the floor where the fire occurred” (evacuation end floor = fire occurrence lower floor), it is verified whether the evacuation is complete (S57), and if it is complete (YES in S57) ) If the evacuation is not completed (NO in S57), it is verified whether the exit has been reached (S58). If it has not been reached (NO in S58), it moves to the exit (S59) and if it has reached (S59) (YES in S58) The evacuation is completed (S60). If the elevator floor has not been reached in step S51 (NO in S51), it is verified whether it has arrived at the current floor entrance (S63). If it has not arrived (NO in S61), it moves to the current floor stairs entrance. (S62). If it has arrived in step S61 (YES in S61), it is verified whether it has already arrived at the first floor lower stairs entrance (S63). If it has not arrived (NO in S63), it moves to the first floor lower stairs entrance ( S64). If it has arrived (YES in S63), the floor number of the current floor is decremented (S65). Further, if it is not within a certain distance from the elevator boarding / exiting gate in step S52 (NO in S52), it moves to the elevator boarding / exiting gate (S66). If the elevator has not arrived at step S53 (NO at S53), the elevator is put into an elevator standby state (S67).
That is, since the elevator is a closed room, it may be possible to stop the evacuator during the evacuation and put the refugee in a canned state. At that time, if it stops in the middle of each floor, rescue may become difficult. Therefore, when evacuating by an elevator, it is important whether the elevator has reached the evacuation end floor. From this point of view, it is an iron rule that the simulation of elevator-based evacuation behavior ends when all the evacuees reach the evacuation end floor. Thereby, the safety | security of the evacuation by an elevator can be improved.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the elevator movement processing simulation according to the present invention. As preconditions, elevator state = {waiting, moving}, elevator destination floor = {refugee accommodation floor, evacuation end floor (= ground floor)}, initial value of elevator: state = waiting, destination floor = Evacuee floor, travel time = 0.
First, it is verified whether the elevator is in a standby state (S70). If it is waiting (YES in S70), it is verified whether there is a waiting number on the evacuee accommodation floor (S71). If it is not present (NO in S71), if there is only one person (YES in S71), the destination floor is set as the evacuee accommodation floor (S72), the state is moved (S73), and the travel time is reset (S74). ). On the other hand, if the state is not standby in step S70 (NO in S70), it is verified whether the travel time is equal to the travel time (S75). Here, data of {required travel time between floors (F1, F2) | F1, F2 are 1, 2,... If the travel time is not equal to the travel time required (NO in S75), the travel time is incremented (S76). If the travel time is equal to the travel time required in step S75 (YES in S75), it is verified whether the destination floor is equal to the refugee accommodation floor (S77). If not (NO in S77), the refugee is assigned to the elevator car. (S82), the state is set to standby (S83), and the travel time is reset (S84). If the destination floor is equal to the evacuee accommodation floor in step 77 (YES in S77), the evacuee is accommodated in the basket (S78), the destination floor is set as the evacuation end floor (S79), and the state is moved (S80). ) Reset the travel time (S81).
That is, the elevator moves according to the instruction of the destination floor button provided on each floor. In addition, it operates according to an algorithm unique to the elevator. For example, when the destination floor button is pressed simultaneously on the upper floor and the lower floor, which one has priority depends on the floor where the elevator is stopped. Therefore, in this embodiment, the elevator state indicating whether the elevator is on standby or moving, the elevator destination floor indicating whether the elevator is on the evacuee accommodation floor or the evacuation end floor, and the elevator moving time are used as initial value data relating to the elevator. . Thereby, the movement process of an elevator can be simulated as an operation | movement according to the evacuation condition.

Next, an embodiment simulated by the evacuation simulation system 100 according to the present invention will be described. The target building to be simulated according to the present embodiment is a large-scale complex office building with 42 floors above ground and 2 basements on the ground. The evacuation plan at the time of design stipulates that fire notifications are made at the specified timing after a fire occurs, and that building users use the stairs to evacuate to the ground floor. However, it is anticipated that confusion will occur if a large number of evacuees are evacuated to the ground at the same time, and considering the existence of vulnerable people such as wheelchair users, it is not realistic to assume evacuation of only stairs. There is. In this example, the speed and safety of the evacuation scenario when evacuating by an elevator (currently not authorized) and the evacuation scenario for avoiding congestion are verified. It was. In this method, in addition to the scenario described here, it is also possible to evaluate scenarios such as adjusting the timing of fire notification.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a distribution of evacuation completion time when evacuation is performed only on stairs, and FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a distribution of evacuation completion time when using both stairs and an elevator. One point on the scatter diagram represents one evacuee. The horizontal axis of the graph is the time from the occurrence of a fire until the evacuation is completed, and the vertical axis is the number of floors each evacuee stayed before the fire occurred.
From this result, it can be seen that 1) In the evacuation using both the staircase of FIG. 10 and the elevator, the evacuation completion time of all the members is significantly shortened compared to the evacuation of only the staircase of FIG. 2) In the case of evacuation using only the stairs shown in FIG. 9, the overall trend is that the evacuation completion will be delayed as the residents stay on the higher floors, but some refugees may be greatly delayed even on the lower floors. I know that there is. 3) In the evacuation only by the stairs of FIG. 9, all evacuees are largely divided into two groups A and B (a small group A with a large slope distributed in a straight line and a large straight line with a small slope). It can be seen that the number of people group B).

In this embodiment, since the evacuation situation for each individual is sequentially reproduced, it is possible to add more detailed examination to these findings using a detailed action history for each individual. For example, with regard to Finding 3), the behavior history of evacuees in a small group (a linear group with a large slope) A, whose evacuation time is relatively fast, was tracked, and this group has two stairs on each floor. It turns out that one of them is concentrated. From this, it can be seen that the transport capacity of the stairs across the entire floor is not effectively utilized, and that two stairs are depopulated and overcrowded. Therefore, measures such as shortening the evacuation time of the entire floor by preliminarily determining the stairs to be used for evacuation for each area in the floor and balancing the utilization rates of the two stairs are conceivable.
It has been found that the evacuation method using only the stairs in FIG. 9 may reduce the evacuation efficiency due to the imbalance in the utilization rate of the stairs. On the other hand, in the case of evacuation using only stairs, we will consider measures to shorten the evacuation time of the entire floor by balancing the utilization rates of the two stairs. Therefore, it is assumed that the floor is divided into two areas according to the seat positions close to the two stairs, and the stairs used by each refugee are determined in advance. This is equivalent to disseminating the rules as an evacuation system through prior evacuation drills, or instructing an evacuation route by a guide or the like when a disaster occurs. FIG. 11 shows the result of the simulation performed under such settings. Comparing FIG. 9 and FIG. 11, it can be seen that the uneven use efficiency of the stairs has been eliminated, and the evacuation time has been reduced by about 16 minutes from 59.5 minutes to 43.5 minutes.

  The speed of evacuation can be evaluated as described above, but on the other hand, not only is the evacuation process quick, but safety is also examined to prevent accidents caused by physical contact or falls. It must be done. The risk of this type of accident increases as the number of evacuees per unit area (evacuee density) increases. In order to evaluate this point, the density of evacuees in a specific area (in the stairs and in the passage) on the floor was calculated in time series using the coordinate log data output for each individual. FIG. 12 shows the maximum density in the stairs and the passage for each of C before evacuation guidance (evacuation using only stairs) C and D when evacuation guidance is implemented. From this, it can be seen that the implementation of evacuation guidance not only shortens the time to complete evacuation, but also can be expected to reduce the risk of accidents occurring during evacuation.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the time required for residents on the 30th and 31st floors to reach the lower floor (29th floor) from the fire floor, when there is no notification time difference and when there is no notification time difference. .
As one of the measures for safe evacuation guidance, there is a method (adjustment of time difference) that adjusts the timing of notification broadcast for evacuation and sets the time difference of notification between floors. This measure is based on the policy of making an early evacuation by first broadcasting a high-risk floor (a floor with a high priority of evacuation) because the risk of fire varies from floor to floor. is there. In general, the floor where the fire broke out and the floor directly above it are treated as high-risk floors.
In this method, the timing of announcement broadcasting can be specified separately for each floor. This time, the simulation was carried out with the following settings, and the effect when the time difference of notification was set for each floor was verified. The simulation settings are as follows: 1) A fire occurs on the 30th floor. 2) Notify the residents immediately on the fire floor (30th floor) and directly above (31st floor) immediately after the fire. 3) Notify residents other than the 30th and 31st floors 5 minutes after the fire. 4) Do not use elevators for evacuation, use only stairs.
By making a notification with a time difference in this way, the evacuation completion time for the entire building will be delayed compared to the case where there is no time difference (simultaneous notification). Because the time is delayed). Instead, there is a possibility that the time required for the residents on the 30th and 31st floors with a high degree of danger to avoid the immediate danger (the time required to evacuate to a floor below the fire floor) can be shortened (30, 31). To avoid congestion due to simultaneous evacuation with residents other than the floor).

As is clear from FIG. 13, it can be seen that when the time difference is provided in the notification, the time until the residents on the 30th and 31st floors reach the lower floor from the fire floor is shortened compared to the case where the time difference is not provided. . Therefore, it can be said that giving a notice with a time difference is an effective measure for preferentially evacuating residents on the floor with high risk.
In other words, when a disaster occurs, how quickly and reliably the notification of the disaster is a branching point as to whether or not the damage will be increased. As this notification method, there is a simultaneous notification that immediately notifies all the floors, or a time difference notification that immediately notifies the disaster occurrence floor and the immediately above floor and notifies the other floors after a predetermined time. There are merits and demerits in these notification methods, and in the case of simultaneous notification, it can be communicated to all at the same time, but there is a risk that evacuees will rush into the evacuation gates and elevators and cause secondary disasters. On the other hand, the time difference notification is that some evacuees closest to the disaster occurrence site can start evacuation immediately, but if there are weak persons such as disabled persons on the floor that was notified after a predetermined time, The problem remains that the degree of risk increases by the delay of the notification time. In the present invention, either simultaneous notification or time difference notification is selected by the simulation condition input means, and simulation is performed separately. Thereby, each merits and demerits can be grasped clearly and the most suitable evacuation method for every building can be selected.
In addition, as a simulation condition, in the present invention, a notification time can be input as a condition for each floor. Alternatively, various notification patterns can be input as conditions. Thereby, the optimal notification method for the target building can be selected.

As described above, the present invention is not limited only to the above-described embodiments. Each function constituting the evacuation simulation system of the above-described embodiment is programmed, written in advance on a recording medium such as a CD-ROM, and this CD-ROM is loaded on a medium driving device such as a CD-ROM drive mounted on a computer. Needless to say, the object of the present invention is achieved by storing these programs in a memory or a storage device of a computer and executing them.
In this case, the program itself read from the recording medium realizes the functions of the above-described embodiment, and the program and the recording medium recording the program also constitute the present invention. As a recording medium for storing the program, a semiconductor medium (for example, ROM, nonvolatile memory card, etc.), an optical medium (for example, DVD, MO, MD, CD, etc.), a magnetic medium (for example, magnetic tape, flexible disk, etc.) ) Or the like.
Moreover, not only the functions of the above-described embodiment are realized by executing the loaded program, but the above-described processing is performed in cooperation with the operating system or other application programs based on the instructions of the program. The case where the functions of the embodiment are realized is also included.
In addition, when distributing to the market, the program is stored and distributed on a portable recording medium, or the program is stored in a storage device of a server computer connected via the Internet or the like. Can also be transferred to other computers. In this case, the storage device of this server computer is also included in the recording medium of the present invention.
In the computer, the functions of the above-described embodiments are realized by installing a program on a portable recording medium or a transferred program on a recording medium connected to the computer and executing the installed program. Is done.

It is a functional block diagram which shows each function of the evacuation simulation system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart explaining the whole operation | movement of the evacuation simulation system which concerns on this invention. It is a flowchart explaining the detailed operation | movement of the evacuation simulation system which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the initial value data memorize | stored in the database. It is a figure explaining a cell distance value. It is a flowchart explaining the operation | movement of the staircase utilization evacuation action simulation which concerns on this invention. It is a flowchart explaining the operation | movement of the elevator utilization evacuation action simulation which concerns on this invention. It is a flowchart explaining the operation | movement of the elevator movement process simulation which concerns on this invention. It is a figure showing distribution of the evacuation completion time at the time of evacuating only on stairs. It is a figure showing distribution of the evacuation completion time at the time of using a staircase and an elevator together. Distribution of evacuation completion time showing the result of simulation under the setting that evacuation rules are made known by prior evacuation drills, or that evacuation routes are instructed by guides when disasters occur FIG. It is a figure which shows the maximum density in a staircase and a passage about each of C before evacuation guidance (evacuation only by stairs) C, and D when evacuation guidance is implemented. It is a figure which shows the time until the resident of the 30th and 31st floors reaches the lower floor (29th floor) from the fire floor, when there is no time difference between notifications and when it is provided.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Simulation condition input means, 2 Initial value data reading means, 3 Output means, 4 Control means, 5 Simulation execution means, 5a Stair use evacuation action simulation, 5b Elevator use evacuation action simulation, 5c Elevator movement process simulation, 6 Database, 100 Evacuation simulation system

Claims (22)

An evacuation simulation system that simulates disaster evacuation methods in high-rise buildings using multi-agent simulation technology,
A simulation condition input means for inputting conditions for executing the simulation, a database for storing initial value data relating to the building to be simulated, the refugee, and the elevator used for evacuation;
Initial value data reading means for reading the initial value data stored in the database; simulation execution means for executing a simulation provided for each item;
Output means for outputting a simulation result executed by the simulation execution means;
With
The simulation execution means includes a staircase evacuation behavior simulation for simulating evacuation behavior when an evacuee on each floor evacuates using stairs, and an evacuator on each floor evacuates using an elevator provided on each floor An elevator-based evacuation behavior simulation for simulating the evacuation behavior at the time of the operation, and an elevator movement processing simulation for simulating the movement processing when the elevator moves on each floor,
Based on the initial value data stored in the database, when the elevator use is not possible, the staircase use evacuation behavior simulation is executed, and when the elevator use is possible, the elevator use evacuation behavior simulation is executed, and An evacuation characterized in that, for an evacuee who has executed an elevator-based evacuation behavior simulation, the above-mentioned elevator movement processing simulation is executed so that the congestion and the movement delay that occur in each of the evacuees interact with each other. Simulation system. The initial value data relating to the building to be simulated includes the number of floors of the building, the position of floor cells, wall cells, obstacle cells, and destination cells that constitute the unit space scale of each floor, Including a distance value between each cell, and a bank number;
The simulation execution means sequentially sets a distance value from the destination cell with respect to the surrounding cells of the destination cell, and refers to the destination value when the refugee moves. The evacuation simulation system according to claim 1, wherein a moving direction for approaching the cell is acquired.   3. The evacuation simulation system according to claim 2, wherein when there are a plurality of the destination cells, the simulation execution unit individually creates a distribution of distances in each of the destination cells.   2. The staircase-based evacuation behavior simulation is characterized in that the simulation ends when all refugees have reached the evacuation end floor or when all refugees have reached the lower floor of the disaster occurrence floor. The evacuation simulation system described in 1.   2. The evacuation simulation system according to claim 1, wherein the elevator-based evacuation behavior simulation ends the simulation when all the refugees have reached the evacuation end floor.   2. The evacuation according to claim 1, wherein the elevator movement processing simulation uses the state of the elevator, the destination floor of the elevator, and the movement time of the elevator as initial value data relating to the elevator used for the evacuation. Simulation system.   The output means outputs, as a file, the location of all evacuees and the time required from the start of simulation to the completion of evacuation for evacuees who have completed evacuation at every preset simulation step interval. The evacuation simulation system according to 1.   The evacuation simulation system according to claim 1, wherein the simulation condition input means inputs evacuation by stairs or / and evacuation by an elevator as a simulation condition as an evacuation method.   The simulation condition input means, as a disaster notification method, is a simultaneous notification that immediately notifies all floors, or a time difference notification that immediately notifies the floor where the disaster occurred and immediately above the floor, and notifies other floors after a predetermined time. The evacuation simulation system according to claim 1, wherein any one of the above is input as a simulation condition.   2. The evacuation simulation system according to claim 1, wherein the simulation condition input unit can set a notification time for each floor or a plurality of notification patterns as a simulation condition. An evacuation simulation method for simulating disaster evacuation methods in high-rise buildings using multi-agent simulation technology,
A step of inputting conditions for the simulation condition input means to execute the simulation;
A database storing initial value data relating to a building to be simulated, a refugee, and an elevator used for evacuation;
Initial value data reading means reads the initial value data stored in the database;
A step of executing a simulation provided for each item by the simulation execution means;
An output means for outputting a simulation result executed by the simulation execution means,
The simulation execution means includes a staircase evacuation behavior simulation for simulating evacuation behavior when an evacuee on each floor evacuates using stairs, and an evacuator on each floor evacuates using an elevator provided on each floor An elevator evacuation behavior simulation for simulating evacuation behavior at the time of performing an elevator movement processing simulation for simulating movement processing when the elevator moves on each floor,
Based on the initial value data stored in the database, when the elevator use is not possible, the staircase use evacuation behavior simulation is executed, and when the elevator use is possible, the elevator use evacuation behavior simulation is executed, and An evacuation characterized in that, for an evacuee who has executed an elevator-based evacuation behavior simulation, the above-mentioned elevator movement processing simulation is executed so that the congestion and the movement delay that occur in each of the evacuees interact with each other. Simulation method. The initial value data relating to the building to be simulated includes the number of floors of the building, the position of floor cells, wall cells, obstacle cells, and destination cells that constitute the unit space scale of each floor, Including a distance value between each cell, and a bank number;
The simulation execution means sequentially sets distance values from the destination cell with respect to the surrounding cells of the destination cell, so that when the evacuee moves, the destination value is referenced with reference to the distance value. The evacuation simulation method according to claim 11, comprising a step of acquiring a moving direction approaching the cell.   13. The evacuation simulation method according to claim 12, wherein the simulation execution unit individually creates a distance distribution in each of the destination cells when there are a plurality of the destination cells.   12. The staircase-based evacuation behavior simulation ends the simulation when all the evacuees have reached the evacuation end floor or when all the refugees have reached the lower floor of the disaster occurrence floor. The evacuation simulation method described in 1.   12. The evacuation simulation method according to claim 11, wherein the elevator-based evacuation behavior simulation ends the simulation when all the evacuees reach the evacuation end floor.   12. The evacuation according to claim 11, wherein the elevator movement processing simulation uses the state of the elevator, the destination floor of the elevator, and the movement time of the elevator as initial value data relating to the elevator used for the evacuation. Simulation method.   The output means outputs, as a file, the location of all evacuees and the time required from the start of simulation to the completion of evacuation for evacuees who have completed evacuation at every preset simulation step interval. 11. The evacuation simulation method according to 11.   The evacuation simulation method according to claim 11, wherein the simulation condition input unit inputs evacuation by stairs or / and evacuation by an elevator as simulation conditions.   The simulation condition input means, as a disaster notification method, is a simultaneous notification that immediately notifies all floors, or a time difference notification that immediately notifies the floor where the disaster occurred and immediately above the floor, and notifies other floors after a predetermined time. The evacuation simulation method according to claim 11, wherein any one of the above is input as a simulation condition.   12. The evacuation simulation method according to claim 11, wherein the simulation condition input means can set a notification time for each floor or a plurality of notification patterns as simulation conditions. The evacuation simulation program for making a computer perform each step of the evacuation simulation method as described in any one of Claims 11 thru | or 20.   A recording medium in which the evacuation simulation program according to claim 21 is recorded in a computer-readable format.

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