JP5366248B2 - Car driving cognitive behavior evaluation device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an automobile driving cognitive action evaluation device which grasps how serious danger a driver recognizes and predicts, and further grasps whether the driver takes an action corresponding to the danger when a video image is presented to the driver to make the driver perform simulation driving. <P>SOLUTION: The automobile driving cognitive action evaluation device 1 is provided with: a video display device 9 which displays a video image of a running road including caution needed states requiring caution in vehicle driving on a display 8 arranged in front of a simulation driver's seat 2; a sweating amount sensor 6 which detects a sweating amount of palm parts of the driver; a skin potential sensor 7 which detects skin potential reflection of the palm parts; a brake pedal treading amount sensor 3a which detects a treading amount of a brake pedal 3; an acceleration pedal treading amount sensor 4a which detects a treading amount of an acceleration pedal 4; and a computer 10 which records the respective detected values to be detected by the respective sensors. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an automobile driving cognitive behavior evaluation apparatus that can simulate driving of a vehicle and evaluate the driving ability of the driver.

  Driving characteristics such as driving ability and driving tendency of a driver are evaluated by driving a car in a simulated manner using a driving simulator. Such a driving simulator is installed in a driving school, a driving license center, or the like to grasp the driving characteristics of the driver. In particular, in recent years, an increase in car accidents caused by elderly people has become a problem, and driving simulators are also used in classes for renewing licenses for elderly people.

  For example, in Patent Document 1, a driver wearing an eye camera is caused to travel in a simulated manner on a road that requires attention for safe driving and a road that does not require relative attention. A driving simulator device is disclosed that detects the amount of movement of the line of sight and determines whether or not the driving ability is excellent based on the amount of movement.

  In the driving simulator described in Patent Document 1, it is determined that the driving ability of the driver whose line of sight is moving greatly is higher at the temporary stop intersection and the five intersections.

  However, when driving a car, for example, when the signal turns from blue to yellow, when approaching a vehicle waiting for a traffic light, or when a group of children are walking together, attention should be paid for numerous safe driving. There is a situation that needs attention (a situation requiring attention). Furthermore, among these, there are various situations that require attention, that is, low to high risk situations. In the driving simulator described in Patent Document 1, when a video including such various situations is displayed, the driver accurately recognizes or predicts the level of danger according to the situation. It is difficult to determine whether

  Here, perception of danger means that there is a high danger in the situation itself, such as the situation of a person jumping out, and the driver directly recognizes the danger. Prediction of danger is a bad outlook. It means that the driver predicts (guesses) that the danger may arise in a situation where there is a potential danger such as a jump out of a person like an intersection.

JP 2005-326504 A

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems. When a driver is presented with a video and simulated driving is performed, the driver recognizes and predicts how dangerous the video is. It is an object of the present invention to provide a vehicle driving recognition behavior evaluation device that can grasp whether or not the person is taking action corresponding to the danger.

The vehicle driving cognitive behavior evaluation apparatus according to claim 1, which has been made to achieve the above object, requires attention when driving a vehicle on a display arranged in front of a simulated driver's seat. An image display device for displaying an image of a road including a caution situation;
A sweat amount sensor that is mounted on the palm of the driver sitting in the simulated driver's seat and detects the sweat amount;
A skin potential sensor that is mounted on the palm and detects the skin potential reflection;
An operation amount sensor for detecting an operation amount of an operation device provided in the simulated driver's seat;
A recording unit for recording each detected value detected by each of these sensors ,
It is determined when the skin potential reflection detected by the skin potential sensor first fluctuates beyond a predetermined value from the time when the video display device displays the video of the situation requiring attention. Identifying a reaction start time to start, measuring a reaction latency until this reaction start time, and recording the reaction latency in the recording unit; and
A reaction amount detection unit that identifies the peak value that the sweating amount detected by the sweating amount sensor first reaches after the reaction start time, and records the peak value as a reaction amount in the recording unit; It is characterized by.

Similarly, the vehicle driving recognition behavior evaluation device according to claim 2 is the vehicle driving recognition behavior evaluation device according to claim 1, wherein the video displayed on the video display device is displayed on the driving road. It is the image seen from the line of sight .

The vehicle driving cognitive behavior evaluation device according to claim 3 is the device according to claim 1 or 2, and includes a determination unit that determines the driving characteristics of the driver based on the reaction latency and the reaction amount. It is characterized by providing.

  The vehicle driving cognitive behavior evaluation device according to claim 4 is the device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the video display device sweats the palm part according to the cautionary situation to be displayed first. At least a predetermined time interval for ending is displayed, and then the next cautionary situation is displayed.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the vehicle driving cognitive behavior evaluation apparatus according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein the operation device is a brake pedal, an accelerator pedal, and / or a steering wheel. And

  According to the vehicle driving cognitive behavior evaluation apparatus of the present invention, the detection value of the perspiration amount sensor for detecting the perspiration amount of the palm and the skin potential sensor for detecting the skin potential reflection of the palm is recorded in accordance with the progress of the video. By recording the unit, the device operator can grasp the level of the risk recognized and predicted by the driver based on the amount of sweating when the attention required situation image is displayed. Since there are individual differences in the amount of sweat in the palm, by detecting the skin potential reflex as an activity index of the eccrine sweat gland, the driver's reaction start time can be identified by the start time of the fluctuation, so the reaction latency is grasped can do. Therefore, it is possible to know the reaction latency of how long the driver recognized and predicted the danger after viewing the video of the situation requiring attention, and the driver's recognition and the predicted risk level. The device can be used to evaluate the driving characteristics of the driver. That is, a driver who recognizes and predicts danger in a short time and correctly recognizes and predicts the degree of danger in a situation requiring attention can understand that the driving characteristics are excellent. On the other hand, a driver who has a long reaction latency or who has not correctly recognized or predicted the danger can recognize that the driving characteristics are inferior. In addition, since the amount of operation of the operation device provided in the simulated driver's seat is recorded, the equipment operator can determine whether the driver has correctly operated in response to the situation requiring attention, and determine the driving characteristics. can do.

  By installing this device at a driving school, it is possible to perform training according to the driving characteristics of the students. For example, if the student's response latency is slow or it is understood that the danger is not correctly recognized or predicted despite the video that needs attention, be careful of which part of the video needs attention The leader can teach you how to operate and drive. Moreover, it is possible to confirm whether or not the driving characteristics of the student are improved by using the apparatus again after the instruction.

  In addition, by using this device for license renewal training for elderly people, it is possible to recognize the most important dangers when driving and to understand the driving characteristics for prediction, so it is understood that the driving characteristics are low The occurrence of traffic accidents can be prevented by providing sufficient training for the elderly. Moreover, since this apparatus is installed in a hospital, the patient's reaction can be understood, so it may be used for rehabilitation.

  According to the vehicle driving cognitive behavior evaluation apparatus of the present invention, the reaction latency measuring unit measures the reaction latency from the time when the cautionary situation is displayed to the reaction start time, and the reaction amount detection unit first after the reaction start time. Since the peak value at the point is recorded as the reaction amount, the device operator can simply grasp the reaction latency and the reaction amount simply by confirming the record, and as a result, can easily grasp the driving characteristics of the driver.

  According to the vehicle driving recognition behavior evaluation device of the present invention, since the determination unit determines the driving characteristics of the driver based on the reaction latency and the reaction amount, the device operator does not need to be determined. This device can be installed anywhere.

  According to the vehicle driving cognitive behavior evaluation apparatus of the present invention, after the video display device displays the video of the previous situation requiring attention, at least a predetermined time interval at which the sweating of the palm portion ends is left, By displaying the image of the caution situation, it is possible to clearly identify which of the caution images is the reaction, so that the driver's reaction corresponding to the caution situation can be accurately grasped.

  According to the vehicle driving recognition behavior evaluation device of the present invention, the operation amount of the brake pedal, the accelerator pedal, and / or the steering wheel is recorded, so that the driving operation of the driver can be grasped. If the amount of brake pedal operation is recorded, it can be determined whether or not the brake has been depressed according to the danger, and if the amount of operation of the accelerator pedal is recorded, it can be determined whether or not the accelerator has been returned according to the risk. When the operation amount of the handle is recorded, it is possible to grasp whether or not danger is avoided and whether or not the operation is staggered. Therefore, the driving characteristics of the driver can be grasped from the operation surface.

It is a block diagram which shows the outline | summary of the motor vehicle driving | operation recognition behavior evaluation apparatus to which this invention is applied. It is a figure which shows an example of the image | video of the driving | running route containing the attention required situation displayed on the display of said motor vehicle driving recognition action evaluation apparatus. It is a wave form diagram which shows an example of the palm part sweating amount at the time of displaying a situation requiring attention continuously. It is a wave form diagram which shows an example of the amount of perspiration of a palm part, and skin potential reflection of a palm part. It is an electrical block diagram of another motor vehicle driving recognition behavior evaluation apparatus to which the present invention is applied. It is each reaction waveform figure by the "urban area course" image | video recorded with the motor vehicle recognition recognition apparatus of this invention. It is an average reaction waveform figure of 30 test subjects by the “city course” image recorded by the vehicle driving recognition behavior evaluation device of the present invention. It is the average reaction waveform figure of 30 test subjects by the "residential area course" image | video recorded with the motor vehicle recognition recognition apparatus of this invention. It is the graph which compared the reaction amount of the scene where there was much palm part sweating volume from the "urban area course" and the "residential course" image | video recorded with the motor vehicle recognition recognition behavior evaluation apparatus of this invention. It is the average waveform figure of 25 persons of the 1st time and the 2nd time when it experimented twice using the "city course" image | video recorded with the motor vehicle recognition recognition apparatus of this invention. It is each reaction waveform diagram of palm part perspiration, skin potential reflection, and brake operation when displaying a “pedestrian jumping” video recorded by the automobile driving cognitive behavior evaluation apparatus of the present invention. It is the graph which compared the latency of 30 test subjects of palm part perspiration, skin potential reflection, and brake operation when displaying the “pedestrian jumping” video recorded by the automobile driving cognitive behavior evaluation apparatus of the present invention. It is each reaction waveform figure by the "city course" image when 20 years old woman and 80 years old man are made into a test subject.

  Hereinafter, although embodiment of this invention is described in detail, the scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.

  One aspect of the vehicle driving recognition behavior evaluation apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The vehicle driving recognition behavior evaluation apparatus 1 is provided with a brake pedal 3, an accelerator pedal 4 and a handle 5 as operation devices in the simulated driver's seat 2, and a brake pedal depression amount sensor 3a, an accelerator pedal depression amount sensor 4a, and a sweat amount sensor. 6, skin potential sensor 7, display 8, video display device 9, computer 10, A / D (analog / digital) converter 11, and speaker 12.

  The simulated driver's seat 2 simulates the driver's seat of an automobile, and a driver is seated on a chair (not shown) so that the driver can simulate the operation of the brake pedal 3, the accelerator pedal 4, and the handle 5. is there.

  At the base of the brake pedal 3, a brake pedal depression amount sensor 3a (an example of an operation amount sensor) that detects the depression amount and outputs the detected value as an electric signal is attached. Similarly, at the base of the accelerator pedal 4, an accelerator pedal depression amount sensor 4a (another example of the operation amount sensor) that detects the depression amount and outputs the detected value as an electric signal is attached. The sensors 3a and 4a are potentiometers as an example, and a power source (not shown) is connected to output an analog electric signal corresponding to the depression amount. The depression amount sensors 3 a and 4 a are connected to the A / D converter 11.

  The sweating amount sensor 6 is mounted on a palm part (both not shown) of a driver who sits on the simulated driver's seat 2 to detect the sweating amount of the palm part and output it as an electrical signal.

  Skin potential sensor 7 has a probe attached to the palm, detects skin potential response (SPR), and outputs an electrical signal. Skin potential reflex is a reaction component (alternating current component) of skin potential.

  The outputs of the sweating amount sensor 6 and skin potential sensor 7 are each connected to an A / D converter 11. As the sweating amount sensor 6 and the skin potential sensor 7, various known ones can be used.

  As an example, a liquid crystal panel display 8 is arranged in front of the simulated driver's seat 2. The display 8 may be composed of a screen and a projector. Speakers 12 are arranged on both sides of the display 8. The display 8 and the speaker 12 are each connected to the video display device 9.

  The video display device 9 causes the display 8 to display a video of the traveling road including a situation requiring attention when driving the vehicle. Specifically, the video is a video that causes a cautionary situation to appear in the middle of a video that travels on a straight road without a signal, for example. In addition to those already mentioned above, there are various situations such as a situation where a stop sign appears, a situation where a parked vehicle is overtaken, a situation where a person or a bicycle is about to jump out of a side road, or a situation where it has jumped out. There is a situation. FIG. 2 schematically shows, as an example, a road image (caution image) 20 including a cautionary situation in which the bicycle 22 is likely to suddenly jump out of the road 21 at the intersection.

  When displaying such various caution situations on the video, the sweating reaction of the previous caution situation is completed during the time interval from displaying the previous caution situation to displaying the next caution situation. It is preferable to leave at least a predetermined time interval. FIG. 3 shows an example of the fluctuation waveform of the sweating amount of the palm. As shown in the figure, when the caution situation is displayed at the timings S1 and S2 of a relatively short time interval, the sweating reactions overlap, making it difficult to distinguish between the caution situations. For this reason, as shown in the figure, it is better to display the caution situation at timing S2 'after a predetermined time interval for the completion of the sweat reaction in the caution situation displayed at timing S1'. This predetermined time interval varies depending on the degree of danger in the situation requiring attention, but is about 10 to 30 seconds as an example. In addition, it is preferable that a stop road image or a straight road with a good line of sight is inserted between the preceding caution situation and the subsequent caution situation in order to relieve the driver.

  The video display device 9 shown in FIG. 1 may output ambient sound during operation from the speaker 12 as necessary. It is preferable to allow ambient sound to flow from the speaker 12 because the presence of driving increases. In that case, it is more preferable to arrange the speaker 12 near the simulated driver's seat 2 because the driver can hear the speaker at a loud volume.

  The video display device 9 is not particularly limited as long as it displays video on the display 8, and a known device can be used. As an example, such an image and its surrounding sound may be recorded in advance on a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) and reproduced by a DVD player to display an audiovisual image. FIG. 1 shows an example in which a DVD video is played back by a personal computer with a DVD playback function as the video display device 9. In this case, since the video is recorded, there is no change in the vehicle speed or the traveling direction in response to the operation of the simulated driver's seat 2, but the video is recorded on the DVD as shown in the experimental results described later. However, it is possible to recognize the danger of the driver and the degree of prediction. The video display device 9 may be a computer that generates a video (computer graphics video) that changes the vehicle speed, the traveling direction, or the like in response to the operation of the simulated driver's seat 2.

  The A / D converter 11 converts each analog electrical signal output from the sensors 3 a, 4 a, 6, and 7 into a digital electrical signal at a sampling frequency of 10 Hz, for example, and outputs the digital electrical signal to the computer 10.

  The computer 10 is, for example, a commercially available personal computer, corresponds to a recording unit in the present invention, and has built-in detection values detected by the sensors 3a, 4a, 7, 8 input via the A / D converter 11. Record to the hard disk. In addition, the computer 10 may display the recorded detection values in a graph on a screen, or may print them on a printer (not shown).

  Next, operation | movement and the usage method of the motor vehicle driving | operation recognition behavior evaluation apparatus 1 are demonstrated.

  A sweating amount sensor 6 and a skin potential sensor 7 are attached to the palm of the driver who sits in the simulated driver's seat 2 in advance. The device operator causes the video display device 9 to start reproducing the DVD, and at the same time, causes the computer 10 to start recording the detection values of the sensors 3a, 4a, 7, and 8. As a result, the computer 10 records these detection values as the video displayed by the video display device 9 progresses.

  The driver performs a simulated driving while looking at the image of the traveling road displayed on the display 8. At this time, ambient sound when video is recorded flows from the speaker 12.

  As the video progresses, a cautionary situation appears on the road. FIG. 4 shows an example of recording waveforms of detection values of the sweating amount sensor 6 and the skin potential sensor 7 recorded at that time. In the figure, the detected values are displayed in a graph as time progresses.

  As shown in the figure, when the situation requiring attention appears, the amount of sweat increases. Although the degree of the sweating amount can grasp the degree of the driver's reaction, it is difficult to identify the reaction start time when the fluctuation is small. On the other hand, the skin potential reflex is difficult to evaluate the reaction amount, but it is easy to grasp the reaction start time as shown in the figure. That is, since the time when the skin potential reflection starts to fluctuate greatly after the occurrence of a caution situation can be set as the reaction start time, the reaction latency can be evaluated. In addition, it is possible to evaluate how much danger the driver recognizes and predicts from the degree of increase in the amount of sweating from the start of the reaction.

  Further, it can be grasped from the record whether the brake pedal 5 and the accelerator pedal 6 are correctly operated according to the situation requiring attention.

  As indicated by the wavy line in FIG. 1, a rotation amount sensor 5a (an example of an operation amount sensor) that detects the rotation amount of the handle is provided in the shaft portion of the handle 5, and the detected value can be recorded. The operation amount sensor may be arranged on any one of the brake pedal 3, the accelerator pedal 4, and the handle 5 or a combination thereof, and record the operation amount. Among them, it is preferable to arrange an operation amount sensor on the brake pedal 3 that requires the most operation in order to avoid danger.

  Further, the video display device 9 and the computer 10 are electrically connected to synchronize with the start of the video so that the computer 10 automatically starts recording the detection values of the sensors 3a to 7 and synchronizes with the end of the video. Recording may be terminated automatically.

  Further, the simulated driver's seat 2, the display 8, the video display device 9, the computer 10, the A / D converter 11, and the speaker 12 may be integrally configured.

  Next, another aspect of the vehicle driving recognition behavior evaluation apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The figure is an electrical system diagram of the automobile driving recognition behavior evaluation device 1a. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the already demonstrated structure, and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

  The vehicle driving recognition behavior evaluation device 1a shown in FIG. 1 is that the computer 10 of the vehicle driving recognition behavior evaluation device 1 is replaced with a computer 10a, and that the video evaluation device 9 is connected to the computer 10a. Different from the evaluation device 1.

  The computer 10a is a commercially available personal computer, for example, and corresponds to a recording unit, a reaction latency measurement unit, a reaction detection unit, and a determination unit in the present invention. The computer 10a records the detection values of the sensors 3a to 7 on a hard disk (recording unit). In addition, the computer 10a serves as a reaction latency measurement unit, and the skin potential reflection detected by the skin potential sensor 7 first fluctuates beyond a predetermined value from the time when the video display device 9 displays the video of the situation requiring attention. The response start time is identified, the response start time from the time when the attention video is displayed to the time when this reaction starts is measured, and the response latency is displayed. Corresponding to, record on the hard disk (recording unit).

  Further, the computer 10a, as a reaction amount detection unit, specifies a peak value that the sweat amount detected by the sweat amount sensor 6 first reaches after the reaction start time detected by the reaction latency measurement unit, and reacts this peak value to the reaction amount detection unit. The amount is recorded on the recording unit corresponding to the video requiring attention. The computer 10a records on the hard disk separately the values detected by the sensors 3a to 7, the reaction latency and the reaction amount in a distinguishable manner.

  Moreover, the computer 10a determines a driving | operation characteristic of a driver | operator as a determination part based on reaction latency and reaction amount.

  Specifically, the computer 10a, for example, controls the video display device 9 or receives an elapsed time from the start of video output from the video display device 9 (hereinafter also simply referred to as video elapsed time). The video display start time and the video elapsed time can be specified. The computer 10a records the detection values of the sensors 3a to 7 in the recording unit together with the elapsed video time. The recording unit of the computer 10a records in advance a video elapsed time (hereinafter also referred to as a caution situation start time) at which a caution situation start to be displayed.

  The reaction latency measurement unit determines whether the absolute value of the skin potential reflection detected by the skin potential sensor 7 exceeds a predetermined voltage value such as 0.1 mV, for example, from the time when the caution required start time has elapsed. Monitor whether or not. When the reaction latency measurement unit determines that the predetermined voltage value has been exceeded, the variation starts to start from the skin potential reflection value already recorded in the recording unit, that is, the skin potential reflection value is slightly from 0. (E.g., 0.02 mV), the video elapsed time when starting to increase is specified as the reaction start time. The response latency measurement unit displays the time interval from when the caution situation is displayed until the start of the reaction as the reaction potential of the skin potential reflex so that it can be identified as the response latency of the caution situation in the recording unit. Record.

  The reaction amount detection unit records the first peak value as the reaction amount among the detection values of the perspiration amount recorded after the start of the reaction so that the reaction amount in any cautionary situation can be identified and recorded in the recording unit. .

  For example, when the reaction latency exceeds a predetermined maximum allowable time and / or when the reaction amount is smaller than a predetermined minimum reaction amount, the determination unit may have a low driving characteristic for risk recognition and prediction. judge. The maximum allowable time and / or the minimum reaction amount is determined in advance and recorded in the recording unit. For the maximum allowable time and minimum reaction amount, record the detected values by simulating many healthy drivers, and use the maximum value of the detection time and the minimum value of the reaction amount among those requiring attention. Also good. Further, the maximum allowable time and the minimum reaction amount may be changed according to sex and age.

  The determination unit may make the determination based on one characteristic situation requiring attention in the video, or may determine based on a plurality of conditions requiring special attention in the video. When the determination unit determines in a plurality of caution situations, the quality of the driving characteristics may be further determined according to the number of times that the driving characteristics are determined to be low. The determination unit may determine the driving characteristics by combining the detection values of the sweating amount sensor 6 and the skin potential sensor 7 and the detection values of the operation amount sensor such as the brake pedal depression amount sensor 3a.

  The reaction latency measurement unit, the reaction amount detection unit, and the determination unit may be activated during the simulation operation or may be activated after the simulation operation is completed.

  An automobile driving recognition behavior evaluation apparatus 1 according to the present invention having the configuration shown in FIG. As the perspiration sensor 6, a perspiration meter (SKINOS SKN-2000) manufactured by Nishizawa Electric Co., Ltd. was used. As the skin potential sensor 7, a skin electrometer (SKINOS SPN-01) manufactured by Nishizawa Electric Co., Ltd. was used.

  As the images to be displayed on the display 8, two types of courses, “urban course” (Matsumoto city) and “residence course” (residence area in the suburbs of Matsumoto city), are selected, and the vehicle is actually driven by a car. The video seen from the line of sight was taken with a digital video camera. The video was recorded on a DVD for each course. “Urban Course” includes a two-lane road and a traffic environment with a lot of traffic, including overtaking stopped vehicles, changing lanes, and cautionary situations (scenes) that warn pedestrians crossing pedestrian crossings. Yes. The “Residential Course” set up dangerous scenes such as overtaking bicycles, jumping out of people, jumping out of balls, etc. in a road environment with relatively narrow roads and poor visibility.

  30 healthy adult volunteers (12 males, 18 females, average age 22.7 ± 11.3 years old) who have experience driving cars and have consented to participate in this experiment. Experiments were performed on the subjects. The experiment was carried out in a laboratory maintained at room temperature 22.8 ± 10.9 ° C. and humidity 36.4 ± 8.6%. The test subject was seated on the simulated driver's seat 2, and a sweat meter probe was attached to the left thumb finger pad, and a skin electrometer electrode was attached to the left forearm and palm. A car driving video is presented on the display 8, and the brake 3, accelerator 4 and steering wheel 5 are simulated in accordance with the video, and these output signals together with the palm sweating and skin potential reflection (SPR) signals at a sampling frequency of 10 Hz. Recorded and analyzed. In addition, for 25 subjects, a re-experiment using a video of “urban area course” was conducted one week later, and the reproducibility of the sweating reaction was examined.

  FIG. 6 shows an example of each reaction waveform based on the “city course” image recorded using the present apparatus. A is a scene of slowly overtaking a stopped track, B is a scene of overtaking a parked vehicle, C is a slow scene of avoiding pedestrians and bicycles, D is a start scene after a pause at an intersection, and E and F are when turning right A scene of seeing off a pedestrian and bicycle crossing a pedestrian crossing, G is a slow-down scene while paying attention to people and bicycles, H is a scene of finding a vehicle that stops ahead after a left turn, I is approaching a vehicle waiting for a traffic light Shows a scene to do. The bar below the sweating waveform turned right and left at the intersection, and the hatched area above the brake waveform indicated that the vehicle was stopped, and a decrease in sweating response was observed when the vehicle stopped. In the figure, the brake and accelerator depressing amounts are indicated by voltage values detected by the sensors 3a and 4a, and 0 mV is indicated when there is no depressing.

  FIG. 7 shows an average waveform of 30 subjects in the “city course” video. The numbers indicated by M1 to M11 above the sweating amount waveform indicate the scenes of the driving images described in Table 1. The palmar sweating reaction and skin potential reflection show a large response immediately after the start of the image, and then change or pause the lane before the intersection, turn left or right at the intersection, overtake the stopped vehicle, slow down avoiding pedestrians, Increased in video scenes such as crossing a bicycle, stopping at a sudden red light, etc., showing a tendency to decrease in scenes where the vehicle is temporarily stopped (holding on the brakes) or in a straight line with good visibility It was.

  FIG. 8 shows an average waveform of 30 subjects in the “residential course” video. The numbers indicated by N1 to N9 on the sweating amount waveform indicate the scenes of the driving images described in Table 2. The palmar sweating reaction and skin potential reflection show a large response immediately after the start of the image, then passing through the crossroads with poor visibility, slowing away from pedestrians, passing with compatible vehicles in narrow alleys, slowing down when overtaking bicycles, It increased in scenes such as ball jumping and pedestrian jumping, and a marked increase in the amount of reaction was observed especially in slow running avoiding pedestrians and pedestrian jumping scenes. In addition, the amount of sweating tended to decrease during the pause.

  Table 1 shows the average sweating amount (average value and standard deviation) of 30 subjects obtained from each video scene (10 seconds) shown in the table of the urban area course and Table 2 of the residential area course. In both urban and residential courses, there was a tendency for females to respond more frequently in any scene, but there was no statistically significant difference.

  In FIG. 9, from the driving scenes included in the images of “urban area course” and “residential area course”, two scenes each having a large palm sweat rate and two scenes having a small amount of perspiration were taken out, and the reaction amounts were compared. In the “urban area course”, the amount of palm sweating was high in scenes M1 and M2 and low in scenes M7 and M6. In the “residential area course”, the amount of sweating tended to be large in scenes N8 and N1 and small in scenes N9 and N5.

  This significantly increases palm sweating in situations where obstacles and danger are predicted, such as changing lanes at intersections, overtaking stopped vehicles, jumping out of pedestrians, and passing through crossroads with poor visibility, especially pedestrians jump out. The video showed that the amount of sweating increased the most. In addition, the amount of reaction is relatively small in situations where it is difficult to anticipate danger, such as pauses and straight running without obstacles, and there is a clear difference in the amount of palm sweating depending on the situation and characteristics of the running scene presented in the video It was proved.

  FIG. 10 shows waveforms obtained by calculating an average waveform for 25 people who performed a re-experiment using an image of “urban course” and comparing the first and second times. The reaction amount decreased significantly in the second time, but the fluctuation pattern of the reaction amount was approximate, and a strong correlation (r = 0.72) was observed between the two reactions.

  It is known that a mental habituation effect tends to occur in the palmar sweat reaction, and the decrease in the reaction amount is considered to be due to this habituation effect. However, the reproducibility of the waveform pattern is regarded as a reproduction of the influence of the driving scene, and indicates the reliability of the load element included in the video.

  In this experiment, we took out the response from the video of scene N8 “Pedestrian Jump” in “Residential Course” where the amount of sweating in the palm of the hand increased most significantly, and evaluated the reaction latency.

  FIG. 11 exemplifies the time until each reaction of palm sweating, skin potential reflection, and braking action occurs, with the moment when the “pedestrian jumping” video starts appearing on the display of the presentation device as the base point (0). is there. In the pedestrian pop-up video, many subjects showed a tendency for the waveform to rise in this order of braking action, skin potential reflection, and palm sweating.

  FIG. 12 shows the results of measurement and comparison of the response latencies of braking action, skin potential reflection, and palm sweating measured by this method. The average value and standard deviation of each response latency are 2.28 ± 0.49 (minimum 0.30, maximum 2.9) seconds for brake operation, 2.65 ± 1.21 (minimum 0) for skin potential reflex. .50, maximum 4.4) seconds, palmar sweating is 5.29 ± 1.36 (minimum 2.3, maximum 6.9) seconds, and the response latency of palmar sweating is skin potential reflex, brake It was significantly longer than the movement. It should be noted that the start of the braking operation was earlier than the skin potential reflex and the sweating reaction in the scene where danger was predicted in advance such as an intersection, and the individual difference was large.

  FIG. 13 shows a response waveform when a 20-year-old woman and an 80-year-old man simulated driving the “urban area course”. The scenes indicated by A to I in the figure are the same as the scenes of FIG. Comparing each, the amount of sweating is generally less fluctuating in the elderly, and the reaction latency is longer. The skin potential reflex is not significantly different between the two fluctuation peak values, but rather the fluctuation of the elderly is conspicuous. As can be seen from this result, even when an elderly person whose fluctuation in sweating is small is a driver, it is possible to identify a reaction start time after visually recognizing a cautionary image by skin potential reflection. Therefore, it is possible to evaluate the driving ability with respect to the recognition and prediction of the risk of the elderly.

  From the above experimental results, it was confirmed that by measuring skin potential reflex, it became possible to identify the start point of the reaction to the video that requires attention, and to more accurately evaluate the amount of sweating and the response latency. . In addition, in the evaluation of the reaction amount according to the scene characteristics of the cautionary video, the amount of sweating increases in scenes where danger is predicted, scenes where attention is paid carefully, scenes where danger is recognized and evasive, etc. It was confirmed that the amount of sweating decreased clearly in a safe situation such as a pause or a straight line with good visibility. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the start time of the reaction can be identified by measuring skin potential reflex, regardless of age, from young people to elderly people. These results show the validity of the evaluation by the device of the present invention.

  The vehicle driving recognition behavior evaluation device of the present invention can be installed at a driving school, a license renewal center, or the like to grasp the driving characteristics of the driver. It may also be installed in a hospital and used for rehabilitation.

  1, 1a is a car driving recognition behavior evaluation device, 2 is a simulated driver's seat, 3 is a brake pedal, 3a is a brake pedal depression amount sensor, 4 is an accelerator pedal, 4a is an accelerator pedal depression amount sensor, 5 is a handle, and 5a is a rotation Amount sensor, 6 is a sweating amount sensor, 7 is a skin potential sensor, 8 is a display, 9 is a video display device, 10 and 10a are computers, 11 is an A / D converter, 12 is a speaker, 20 includes a situation requiring attention Road image (cautionary video), 21 road, bicycle, M1 to M11 are video scenes that require attention in the “urban area course”, and N1 to N9 are cautionary situations in the “residential area course” S1, S2, S1 ′, and S2 ′ are video timings including timing.

Claims (5)

An image display device for displaying an image of a traveling road including a cautionary situation requiring attention when driving a vehicle on a display arranged in front of the simulated driver's seat;
A sweat amount sensor that is mounted on the palm of the driver sitting in the simulated driver's seat and detects the sweat amount;
A skin potential sensor that is mounted on the palm and detects the skin potential reflection;
An operation amount sensor for detecting an operation amount of an operation device provided in the simulated driver's seat;
A recording unit for recording each detected value detected by each of these sensors ,
It is determined when the skin potential reflection detected by the skin potential sensor first fluctuates beyond a predetermined value from the time when the video display device displays the video of the situation requiring attention. Identifying a reaction start time to start, measuring a reaction latency until this reaction start time, and recording the reaction latency in the recording unit; and
A reaction amount detection unit that identifies the peak value that the sweating amount detected by the sweating amount sensor first reaches after the reaction start time, and records the peak value as a reaction amount in the recording unit; A vehicle driving cognitive behavior evaluation device characterized by that. The vehicle driving cognitive behavior evaluation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the video displayed on the video display device is a video of the traveling road viewed from a driver's line of sight . Driving cognitive behavioral evaluation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises a determination unit for determining driving characteristics of the driver based on the reaction latency and the reaction amount.   2. The video display apparatus displays at least a predetermined time interval at which a sweating of the palm portion according to the caution situation to be displayed first is ended, and then displays the next caution situation. To 3. The vehicle driving recognition behavior evaluation device according to any one of items 1 to 3.   5. The vehicle driving recognition behavior evaluation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the operation device is a brake pedal, an accelerator pedal, and / or a steering wheel.

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