JP5363979B2 - HMG−CoA還元酵素阻害剤およびファルネシルピロリン酸合成酵素阻害剤を含む治療剤 - Google Patents
HMG−CoA還元酵素阻害剤およびファルネシルピロリン酸合成酵素阻害剤を含む治療剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5363979B2 JP5363979B2 JP2009517336A JP2009517336A JP5363979B2 JP 5363979 B2 JP5363979 B2 JP 5363979B2 JP 2009517336 A JP2009517336 A JP 2009517336A JP 2009517336 A JP2009517336 A JP 2009517336A JP 5363979 B2 JP5363979 B2 JP 5363979B2
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Description
これらの脂肪酸は、ヒドロキシメチルグルタリルコエンザイムAを用いて細胞が特にコレステロール、ステロイド、ヘモグロビンのヘムおよびユビキノンを製造するために使用する生合成方法から生じる(ハンプトン(Hampton)ら、1996)。
この形態学的異常に続いて、最終的に細胞死を引き起こすことになる機能的変質が生じる。用語「ラミノパシー」として分類されるすべての病変の中で、プレニル化型のタンパク質の異常な蓄積に関係するものだけが、本発明に関係がある。
さらに、FTIはプロテアソームを阻害して細胞周期の停止を引き起こすことが最近報告されている(デムヤネッツ(Demyanets)ら、2006、エフューおよびキィオマーシ(Efuet and Keyomarsi)、2006)。したがってこの治療が、ユビキチン化はされるがプロテアソームで分解されないであろうプロゲリンの核質中への蓄積を引き起こすことは確実である。
さらに、この経路の酵素のうちの1つであるメバロン酸キナーゼが全く存在しないと幼時に死亡することが報告されている(この酵素をコードする遺伝子の機能のホモ接合型突然変異による喪失、ホフマン(Hoffmann)らにより報告された症候群、2003)。
この結果から、ヒドロキシメチルグルタリルコエンザイムA(HMG−CoA)還元酵素の阻害剤およびファルネシルピロリン酸合成酵素の阻害剤、またはこれらの生理学上許容可能な塩のうちの1つを、細胞内におけるプレニル化タンパク質の蓄積または残存のうち少なくともいずれかに関係する病理学的または非病理学的状態の治療のための組成物、特に医薬組成物の調製において使用することを想起することが可能となる。
生理学上許容可能な塩は、例えば、塩酸、臭化水素酸、硝酸、硫酸もしくはリン酸や、カルボン酸、例えば酢酸、ギ酸、プロピオン酸、安息香酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸、コハク酸、酒石酸、クエン酸、シュウ酸、グリオキシル酸もしくはアスパラギン酸や、アルカンスルホン酸、例えばメタンスルホン酸もしくはエタンスルホン酸、またはアリールスルホン酸、例えばベンゼンスルホン酸もしくはパラトルエンスルホン酸とともに形成された塩である。
用語「ホスホネート」は、ホスファートに非常によく似た分子に対して用いられる:
「側」鎖(R1およびR2)が、アミン官能基(NH)またはより広くは1以上の窒素原子を含んでなる場合、アミノビスホスホネート(すなわちNBP)と呼ばれる。
溶液中のピロリン酸またはピロホスファート(PPi)
アレンドロン酸またはそのイオン形態であるアレンドロネート;
クロドロン酸またはそのイオン形態であるクロドロネート;
エチドロン酸またはそのイオン形態であるエチドロネート;
イバンドロン酸またはそのイオン形態であるイバンドロネート;
メドロン酸またはそのイオン形態であるメドロネート;
ネリドロン酸またはそのイオン形態であるネリドロネート;
オルパドロン酸またはそのイオン形態であるオルパドロネート;
パミドロン酸またはそのイオン形態であるパミドロネート;
リセドロン酸またはそのイオン形態であるリセドロネート;
チルドロン酸またはそのイオン形態であるチルドロネート;
ゾレドロン酸またはそのイオン形態であるゾレドロネート;
ジホスホン酸4−N,N−ジメチルアミノメタンまたはそのイオン形態であるジメチルアミノメタンジホスホネート;
から選択することができる。
本発明によれば特に、ゾレドロン酸(ゾレンドロン酸とも呼ばれる)またはそのイオン形態であるゾレドロネート(ゾレンドロネートとも呼ばれる)を使用することが好ましい。
特に、HMG−CoA還元酵素阻害剤は、脂溶性であれ水溶性であれスタチンファミリーの分子、またはその生理学上許容可能な塩のうちの1つであってよい。
本発明によれば、ファルネシルピロリン酸合成酵素阻害剤およびHMG−CoA還元酵素阻害剤は、好都合なように生理学的に有効な量で組成物中に存在する。
本発明による、ヒドロキシメチルグルタリルコエンザイムA(HMG−CoA)還元酵素阻害剤およびファルネシルピロリン酸合成酵素阻害剤を使用する組成物は、消化管経路もしくは非経口経路用に製剤化することができる。
本発明に従って、ヒドロキシメチルグルタリルコエンザイムA(HMG−CoA)還元酵素阻害剤およびファルネシルピロリン酸合成酵素阻害剤を、1つ以上の添加剤を含んだ混合物中または不活性のビヒクルすなわち生理学的に不活性かつ無毒のビヒクル中に含めて、組成物中で用いることができる。生理学的な使用に適合し、かつ当業者に周知の塩溶液、生理溶液、等張溶液、バッファー溶液などを例として挙げることができる。
経口経路による投与が好ましい。
長期にわたる治療の場合には、好ましい投与方法は舌下投与、経口投与、または経皮投与であろう。
細胞および細胞培養
細胞株は、コリエル研究所(Coriell Institute)から得た参照用の繊維芽細胞であるAG16409、または拘束性皮膚障害に罹患した患者の生検材料から得た繊維芽細胞のいずれかである。これらの細胞株をP2室において5%CO2下37℃で培養する。
細胞は、以下の方法(75cm2の大型フラスコ、BDファルコン(BD Falcon)用のプロトコール)でトリプシン処理することによってハーベストする。すなわち、培地を吸引除去し;細胞を、10mlの1×PBS(インビトロジェン)で洗浄し、10ml;
使用するプラバスタチン溶液(水溶性スタチン)は以下のように調製する。すなわち、40mgのプラバスタチン(シグマアルドリッチ(Sigma Aldrich)、P4498)を滅菌水に溶解して10mMのストック溶液を作製する。
使用するゾレドロネート(NBP)の溶液は以下のように調製する。すなわち、(1−ヒドロキシ−2−イミダゾ−ル−1−イル−ホスホノ−エチル)ホスホン酸のストック溶液(0.8mg/ml、ノバルティス(Novartis))を濃度2mMに調節する。
ウェスタンブロット
・細胞の調製
ウェスタンブロット実験については、細胞は以下のように処理する。すなわち、およそ7.5×105個の細胞を大型フラスコに播種し、ほぼコンフルエントになるまで(4日間)下記条件で培養する。
細胞を、37℃のインキュベータで処理時間(順次または同時に6〜72時間)インキュベートする。
・ウェスタンブロット用のタンパク質の抽出
細胞濃縮物を300μlの溶解バッファーすなわち:
トリトンX100 1%
SDS 0.1%
デオキシコール酸ナトリウム 0.5%
NaCl 50mM
EDTA 1mM
トリスHCl(pH7.4) 20mM
プロテアーゼ阻害剤 1ペレット/50ml
(ロッシュ(Roche) 11697498001)
の中に入れる。
即座に:
オルトバナジン酸ナトリウム 1mM
PMSF 1mM
を添加する。
細胞を、30秒間×2回の音波処理に供する(ブランソン(Brandson)Sonifier(R)細胞破砕器B15)。
タンパク質上清を使用時まで−80℃に保存する。
タンパク質の用量決定は解凍時に実行する。
・ウェスタンブロット用のゲル
ラミンA/Cの異なる形態を検出するためには通常、8%アクリルアミドゲル
アクリルアミド/ビスアクリルアミド(37/1) 8%
トリスHCl(pH8.8) 375mM
SDS 0.1%
APS 0.1%
TEMED 0.01%
が使用される。
上記の分離ゲル上に濃縮ゲル
アクリルアミド/ビスアクリルアミド(37.5/1) 3%
トリスHCl(pH8.8) 375mM
SDS 0.1%
APS 0.1%
TEMED 0.01%
を注ぐ。
試料のタンパク質濃度を分析し、アリコートをチューブ1本当たり50μgに調節して溶解バッファーで15μlとする。
SDS 4%
トリスHCl(pH6.8) 100mM
グリセロール 20%
β−メルカプトエタノール 20%
ブロモフェノールブルー 微量
試料を95℃で5分間加熱することにより変性させ、ウェルに入れる。
泳動は、以下のバッファーすなわち
トリスベース 0.3%
グリシン 1.44%
SDS 0.1%
の中で、50ボルト、次いで100ボルトで行う。
・トランスファー
トランスファーメンブレン(Hybon P、アマシャム・バイオサイエンシズ(Amersham Biosciences))を、エタノール中に浸漬させた後に、滅菌水中で5分間、ならびにトランスファーバッファーすなわち
グリシン 96mM
エタノール 20%
の中で10分間液浴させることによって準備する。
ゲルをトランスファーバッファー中で20分間湿らせ、次いでサンドイッチを組み立てる(Miniprotean(R)システム、バイオラッド(Biorad))。
メンブレンを1×PBS中ですすぎ、湿気を避けて保存し、検出を行う際に使用する。
・検出
メンブレンを、飽和溶液すなわち
カゼイン 10%
トゥイーン20 0.1%
PBS 1×
の中で、室温で1時間インキュベートする。
メンブレンを洗浄バッファー(0.1%トゥイーン20/1×PBS)中で10分間ずつ2回すすぐ。
メンブレンを一次抗体とともに室温で1時間撹拌しながらインキュベートする。
終了したら洗浄バッファーで3回すすぎ、次いで同じバッファーで15分間ずつ3回洗浄する。
終了したら洗浄バッファーで3回すすぎ、次いで同じバッファーで15分間ずつ3回洗浄する。
発色後、メンブレンをBiomax(TM)MRフィルム(コダック(Kodak))に、十分なシグナルを呈するのに必要な時間曝露する。
・細胞の調製
細胞培養物をトリプシン処理し、細胞をノイバウアー(Neubauer)型血球計数盤で計数する。
完全培地に処理薬物(スタチン、NBPまたは両方)を添加し、細胞を適当な時間培養する。
このプレートを1×PBS中で洗浄する。
細胞を、PBS中に4%のパラホルムアルデヒド溶液の中で室温にて10分間固定処理する。
細胞を、エタノール濃度を増大させた溶液の中で3分間ずつ連続的に液浴させて(70%、90%、100%、100%液浴については繰り返す)、脱水する。
・標識
解凍後、細胞を50μlの透過化溶液すなわち
PBS 1×
トリトンX100 0.5%
RNS 5%
(ウサギ正常血清、ベクター(Vector)S5000)
プロテアーゼ阻害剤 50mlあたり1ペレット
(ロッシュ 11697498001)
の中で高湿チャンバ内にて室温で5分間インキュベートする。
50μlのインキュベーション溶液すなわち
PBS 1×
RNS 5%
プロテアーゼ阻害剤 50mlあたり1ペレット
(ロッシュ 11697498001)
の中で、各15分間のプレインキュベーション液浴を3回実施する。
一次抗体を50μlのインキュベーション溶液中で1/100に希釈し、高湿チャンバ内で室温で1時間細胞と接触させる。
マウス抗ラミンA/C(N末端側)、クローン4A7、G モーリス(G Morris、英国オズウェストリ市(Oswestry))提供
である。
50μlの1×PBS中で各15分間のすすぎを3回実施する。
二次抗体を用いたインキュベーションは、50mlのインキュベーション溶液中で高湿チャンバ内にて室温で1時間実施する。二次抗体は2種類:
ロバ抗ヤギ抗体、ジャクソン・イムノリサーチ、1/200に希釈
である。
50μlの1×PBS中で各10分間のすすぎを3回実施する。
50ng/mlのDAPI溶液(セルバ(SERVA)、参照番号18860))100μlとともに、高湿チャンバ内にて室温で15分間インキュベートする。
PBS中0.1%のトゥイーン20溶液で5分間の、最後のすすぎを実施する。
・封入
細胞を少量のVectaShield(R)(ベクター社)中に浸し、カバーグラスで覆い、coolSNAP(プリンストン(Princeton))カメラシステムを装備した蛍光顕微鏡(ライカDMR、ライカマイクロシステムズ(Leica Microsystems))で観察する。
B.1)ウェスタンブロット(図1)
参照用の「正常な」繊維芽細胞を、水溶性スタチン(プラバスタチン P、20〜100μM)とアミノビスホスホネート(NBP ゾレドロネート Z、20〜100μM)とを組み合わせて処理した(レーンA〜IはそれぞれP20/Z20、P20/Z60、P20/Z100、P60/Z20、P60/Z60、P60/Z100、P100/Z20、P100/Z60、P100/Z100)。ウェスタンブロットにより、上記2種類の分子の濃度増加に従って未成熟型の(切断を受けていない)プレラミンAの大きさに相当するバンドが「出現」することが示され、このことはファルネシル化がラミンAの成熟に必要であることを裏付けている。この結果は、代謝経路の2箇所でファルネシル−PPの合成を阻止すると、1箇所で阻止するよりも少なくともex vivoではプレラミンAのファルネシル化の阻害に一層有効であることを示している。
一方では参照用の健康な細胞について、またHGPS患者の細胞について2つのパラメータを測定することにより、用量応答曲線および時間応答曲線から最大の効力を決定することが可能となった。プラバスタチン(水溶性)/ゾレドロネート(NBP)の最も有効な組み合わせは、1μMのプラバスタチンで24時間、次にゾレドロネートで12時間の場合に得られ、健康な細胞について毒性は観察されないが、HGPS細胞(核異常を有する細胞)については「変形した」細胞の数が75%から40%まで減少する。同時に、健康な細胞について得られたプレラミンAのレベルは最大である。
処理を受けた健康な細胞で産生されるプレラミンAのレベル(概算35%)は、プラバスタチンおよびゾレドロネートを併用すると、これらの分子が単独で添加された場合(それぞれ25%および15%)よりもはるかに高いので、プラバスタチンおよびゾレドロネートの作用の組み合わせはより高い効力を示す。他方、変形した核(健康な細胞に対する毒性の症候)のレベルは最小(10%未満)であり、例えばプラバスタチン単独で処理された細胞の場合(およそ12%)よりも低い。処理:プラバスタチン100μMで12時間、ゾレドロネート20μMで6時間。
「継代」数(細胞の再播種の回数)によって、したがって細胞の世代によって、異常な核の比率は増加するが、これが未処理のHGPS細胞の特徴である。HGPS細胞を処理すると、この比率が維持され、さらには多少減少すらする(偽薬で処理した細胞の80%以上に対して40%未満)。処理:プラバスタチン1μMで24時間、ゾレドロネート1μMで12時間。
プラバスタチン/ゾレドロネートの併用は、これらの分子が別々に投与された場合には効果がほとんど観察されない用量で有効である。
Claims (7)
- 細胞内におけるプロゲリン又はファルネシル化プレラミンAの蓄積または残存のうち少なくともいずれかに関係する病理学的または非病理学的状態を治療するための治療剤であって、前記治療剤は、
ヒドロキシメチルグルタリルコエンザイムA(HMG−CoA)還元酵素の阻害剤、またはその生理学上許容可能な塩と、
ファルネシルピロリン酸合成酵素の阻害剤、またはその生理学上許容可能な塩と、を含み、
前記ファルネシルピロリン酸合成酵素の阻害剤は、
アレンドロン酸またはそのイオン形態であるアレンドロネート;
クロドロン酸またはそのイオン形態であるクロドロネート;
エチドロン酸またはそのイオン形態であるエチドロネート;
イバンドロン酸またはそのイオン形態であるイバンドロネート;
メドロン酸またはそのイオン形態であるメドロネート;
ネリドロン酸またはそのイオン形態であるネリドロネート;
オルパドロン酸またはそのイオン形態であるオルパドロネート;
パミドロン酸またはそのイオン形態であるパミドロネート;
リセドロン酸またはそのイオン形態であるリセドロネート;
チルドロン酸またはそのイオン形態であるチルドロネート;
ゾレドロン酸またはそのイオン形態であるゾレドロネート;
ジホスホン酸4−N,N−ジメチルアミノメタンまたはそのイオン形態であるジメチルアミノメタンジホスホネート;及び
α−アミノ−(4−ヒドロキシベンジリデン)ジホスホネート
からなる群より選択されるアミノビスホスホネートである、治療剤。 - ファルネシル化プレラミンAは短縮型であってもよいことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の治療剤。
- HMG−CoA還元酵素の阻害剤は、スタチンファミリーの分子、またはその生理学上許容可能な塩のうちの1つであることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の治療剤。
- HMG−CoA還元酵素の阻害剤は水溶性スタチンであることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の治療剤。
- HMG−CoA還元酵素の阻害剤は脂溶性スタチンであることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の治療剤。
- スタチンは、アトルバスタチン、シンバスタチン、プラバスタチン、リバスタチン、メバスタチン、フルインドスタチン、ベロスタチン、フルバスタチン、ダルバスタチン、セリバスタチン、ペントスタチン、ロスバスタチン、ピタバスタチンもしくはロバスタチン、またはこれらの生理学上許容可能な塩のうちの1つから選択することができることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の治療剤。
- 治療剤は、早老症の治療を意図したものである、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の治療剤。
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2011508764A (ja) * | 2008-01-03 | 2011-03-17 | ユニベルシテ ドゥ ラ メディテラニー、エクス−マルセイユツー | 抗hiv治療の際に使用される組成物および方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20130281408A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 |
EP2034985A1 (fr) | 2009-03-18 |
EP2921172A1 (fr) | 2015-09-23 |
PL2921172T3 (pl) | 2019-06-28 |
EP2034985B1 (fr) | 2015-05-06 |
TR201815511T4 (tr) | 2018-11-21 |
PT2921172T (pt) | 2018-11-09 |
JP2009541475A (ja) | 2009-11-26 |
US9072757B2 (en) | 2015-07-07 |
HK1214965A1 (zh) | 2016-08-12 |
DK2034985T3 (en) | 2015-08-03 |
FR2903312A1 (fr) | 2008-01-11 |
US20150105352A1 (en) | 2015-04-16 |
ES2543719T3 (es) | 2015-08-21 |
US8518914B2 (en) | 2013-08-27 |
DK2921172T3 (en) | 2018-10-22 |
EP2921172B1 (fr) | 2018-09-12 |
FR2903312B1 (fr) | 2008-09-26 |
US20100120720A1 (en) | 2010-05-13 |
PL2034985T3 (pl) | 2015-10-30 |
JP2013166776A (ja) | 2013-08-29 |
ES2702062T3 (es) | 2019-02-27 |
WO2008003864A1 (fr) | 2008-01-10 |
PT2034985E (pt) | 2015-09-23 |
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