JP5329010B1 - 電荷制御剤及びそれを用いたトナー - Google Patents
電荷制御剤及びそれを用いたトナー Download PDFInfo
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- JP5329010B1 JP5329010B1 JP2013523427A JP2013523427A JP5329010B1 JP 5329010 B1 JP5329010 B1 JP 5329010B1 JP 2013523427 A JP2013523427 A JP 2013523427A JP 2013523427 A JP2013523427 A JP 2013523427A JP 5329010 B1 JP5329010 B1 JP 5329010B1
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- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001018 xanthene dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001060 yellow colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001052 yellow pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/81—Amides; Imides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
- C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D215/48—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen
- C07D215/50—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen attached in position 4
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D217/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems
- C07D217/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the nitrogen-containing ring
- C07D217/26—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D221/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00
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- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
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- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
- G03G9/09733—Organic compounds
- G03G9/09758—Organic compounds comprising a heterocyclic ring
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Abstract
Description
また、一般式(1)中のR1〜R3で表される「置換基を有していてもよい炭素原子数5〜10のシクロアルキル基」の中では、「置換基を有していてもよい炭素原子数5〜6のシクロアルキル基」が好ましい。
また、一般式(1)中のR1〜R3で表される「置換基を有していてもよい炭素原子数2〜6の直鎖状若しくは分岐状のアルケニル基」の中では、「置換基を有していてもよい炭素原子数2〜4の直鎖状若しくは分岐状のアルケニル基」が好ましい。
また、一般式(1)中のR1〜R3で表される「置換基を有していてもよい炭素原子数5〜10のシクロアルキルオキシ基」の中では、「置換基を有していてもよい炭素原子数5〜6のシクロアルキルオキシ基」が好ましい。
なお、下記構造式では、水素原子は省略して記載している。また、立体異性体が存在する場合であっても、その平面構造式を記載している。
(1)試料は予め結着樹脂(重合体成分)以外の添加物を除去して使用するか、結着樹脂及び架橋された結着樹脂以外の成分の酸価及び含有量を予め求めておく。試料の粉砕品0.5〜2.0gを精秤し、重合体成分の重さをWgとする。例えば、トナーから結着樹脂の酸価を測定する場合は、着色剤又は磁性体などの酸価及び含有量を別途測定しておき、計算により結着樹脂の酸価を求める。
(2)300(ml)のビーカーに試料を入れ、トルエン/エタノール(体積比4/1)の混合液150(ml)を加え溶解する。
(3)0.1mol/LのKOHのエタノール溶液を用いて、電位差滴定装置を用いて滴定する。
(4)この時のKOH溶液の使用量をS(ml)とし、同時にブランクを測定し、この時のKOH溶液の使用量をB(ml)とし、以下の式(1)で算出する。ただしfはKOH濃度のファクターである。
酸価(mgKOH/g)=[(S−B)×f×5.61]/W (1)
前記顔料を単独で使用しても構わないが、染料と顔料と併用してその鮮明度を向上させた方がフルカラー画像の画質の点からより好ましい。
前記の着色剤の使用量は結着樹脂100量部に対して、0.1〜20質量部とするのが好ましい。
可塑化作用を有するワックスの種類としては、例えば融点の低いワックス、又は分子の構造上に分岐のあるワックス、若しくは極性基を有する構造のワックスがあげられ、離型作用を有するワックスとしては、融点の高いワックス、分子の構造では、直鎖構造のワックス、又は、官能基を有さない無極性のワックスがあげられる。使用例としては、2種以上の異なるワックスの融点の差が10℃〜100℃となる組み合わせ、及び、ポリオレフィンとグラフト変性ポリオレフィンの組み合わせなどがあげられる。
また、粒径均一性の高い(体積平均粒径/個数平均粒径が1.00〜1.30)ものが望ましい。
本実施形態に係るトナーは、粉砕型トナーの場合の形状係数(SF−1)の平均値が100〜400が好ましく、形状係数2(SF−2)の平均値が100〜350が好ましい。
SF−1=((ML2×π)/4A)×100
(式中、MLは粒子の最大長、Aは一粒子の投影面積を示す。)
SF−2=(PM2/4Aπ)×100
(式中、PMは粒子の周囲長、Aは一粒子の投影面積を示す。)。
本実施形態に係るトナーのDSC測定において観測される吸熱ピークにおいて70〜120℃の領域に最大ピークのピークトップ温度があることが好ましい。
窒素置換した反応容器に、アニリン8.0g(86.3ミリモル)、トリエチルアミン8.7g(86.3ミリモル)、ジオキサン50mlを加え、攪拌しながら、2,6−ピリジンジカルボン酸ジクロリド8.0g(39.2ミリモル)のジオキサン溶液50mlを滴下した後、さらに5時間攪拌した。一夜放置した後、反応液を希塩酸400mlの中に攪拌しながら加えた。析出した粗製物をろ過によって採取し、水で洗浄した後、60℃で減圧乾燥することによって白色結晶12.05g(収率97.2%)を得た。
δ(ppm)=11.05(2H)、8.42−8.43(2H)、8.30−8.33(1H)、7.93−7.95(4H)、7.45−7.48(4H)、7.20−7.22(2H)。
窒素置換した反応容器に、o−トルイジン5.5g(51.5ミリモル)、トリエチルアミン5.2g(51.5ミリモル)、ジオキサン100mlを加え、攪拌しながら、2,6−ピリジンジカルボン酸ジクロリド5.0g(24.5ミリモル)のジオキサン溶液50mlを滴下した後、さらに6時間攪拌した。一夜放置した後、反応液を希塩酸500mlの中に攪拌しながら加えた。析出する粗製物をろ過によって採取し、水で洗浄した後、60℃で減圧乾燥することによって白色結晶7.71g(収率90.7%)を得た。
δ(ppm)=10.84(2H)、8.38−8.39(2H)、8.29−8.31(1H)、7.44−7.45(2H)、7.33−7.35(2H)、7.27−7.30(2H)、7.22−7.25(2H)、2.31(6H)。
窒素置換した反応容器に、m−トルイジン5.5g(51.5ミリモル)、トリエチルアミン5.2g(51.5ミリモル)、ジオキサン100mlを加え、攪拌しながら、2,6−ピリジンジカルボン酸ジクロリド5.0g(24.5ミリモル)のジオキサン溶液50mlを滴下した後、さらに7時間攪拌した。一夜放置した後、反応液を希塩酸500mlの中に攪拌しながら加えた。析出する粗製物をろ過によって採取し、水で洗浄した後、60℃で減圧乾燥することによって白色結晶7.90g(収率92.9%)を得た。
δ(ppm)=10.96(2H)、8.40−8.41(2H)、8.29−8.32(1H)、7.77(2H)、7.69−7.70(2H)、7.32−7.35(2H)、7.02−7.03(2H)、2.38(6H)。
窒素置換した反応容器に、p−トルイジン9.2g(86.3ミリモル)、トリエチルアミン8.7g(86.3ミリモル)、ジオキサン50mlを加え、攪拌しながら、2,6−ピリジンジカルボン酸ジクロリド8.0g(39.2ミリモル)のジオキサン溶液50mlを滴下し、ジオキサン50mlを追加した後、さらに5時間攪拌した。一夜放置した後、反応液を希塩酸400mlの中に攪拌しながら加えた。析出する粗製物をろ過によって採取し、水で洗浄した後、60℃で減圧乾燥することによって白色結晶11.62g(収率86.1%)を得た。
δ(ppm)=10.97(2H)、8.39−8.40(2H)、8.28−8.31(1H)、7.80−7.82(4H)、7.25−7.26(4H)、2.33(6H)。
窒素置換した反応容器に、4−tert−ブチルアニリン12.9g(86.3ミリモル)、トリエチルアミン8.7g(86.3ミリモル)、ジオキサン50mlを加え、攪拌しながら、2,6−ピリジンジカルボン酸ジクロリド8.0g(39.2ミリモル)のジオキサン溶液50mlを滴下した後、さらに6時間攪拌した。一夜放置した後、反応液を希塩酸400mlの中に攪拌しながら加えた。析出する粗製物をろ過によって採取し、水で洗浄した後、60℃で減圧乾燥することによって白色結晶15.78g(収率93.9%)を得た。
δ(ppm)=10.97(2H)、8.39−8.40(2H)、8.28−8.31(1H)、7.82−7.83(4H)、7.45−7.47(4H)、1.31(18H)。
窒素置換した反応容器に、m−クロロアニリン6.6g(51.5ミリモル)、トリエチルアミン5.2g(51.5ミリモル)、ジオキサン100mlを加え、攪拌しながら、2,6−ピリジンジカルボン酸ジクロリド5.0g(24.5ミリモル)のジオキサン溶液50mlを滴下した後、さらに6時間攪拌した。一夜放置した後、反応液を希塩酸500mlの中に攪拌しながら加えた。析出する粗製物をろ過によって採取し、水で洗浄した後、60℃で減圧乾燥することによって白色結晶8.76g(収率92.2%)を得た。
δ(ppm)=11.09(2H)、8.42−8.43(2H)、8.31−8.34(1H)、8.14(2H)、7.87−7.88(2H)、7.48−7.51(2H)、7.26−7.27(2H)。
窒素置換した反応容器に、m−アニシジン6.3g(51.5ミリモル)、トリエチルアミン5.2g(51.5ミリモル)、ジオキサン100mlを加え、攪拌しながら、2,6−ピリジンジカルボン酸ジクロリド5.0g(24.5ミリモル)のジオキサン溶液50mlを滴下した後、さらに6時間攪拌した。一夜放置した後、反応液を希塩酸500mlの中に攪拌しながら加えた。析出する粗製物をろ過によって採取し、水で洗浄した後、60℃で減圧乾燥することによって白色結晶8.28g(収率90.0%)を得た。
δ(ppm)=11.00(2H)、8.41−8.42(2H)、8.30−8.33(1H)、7.64−7.65(2H)、7.49−7.50(2H)、7.35−7.38(2H)、6.78−6.80(2H)、3.81(6H)。
窒素置換した反応容器に、2−tert−ブチルアニリン7.7g(51.5ミリモル)、トリエチルアミン5.2g(51.5ミリモル)、ジオキサン100mlを加え、攪拌しながら、2,6−ピリジンジカルボン酸ジクロリド5.0g(24.5ミリモル)のジオキサン溶液50mlを滴下した後、さらに6.5時間攪拌した。一夜放置した後、反応液を希塩酸500mlの中に攪拌しながら加えた。酢酸エチルを加え、分液操作を行うことによって有機層を採取した。有機層を飽和重曹水、飽和食塩水で順次洗浄した後、無水硫酸ナトリウムで脱水し、濃縮することによって粗製物を得た。粗製物をカラムクロマトグラフ[担体:シリカゲル、溶離液:酢酸エチル]によって精製し、アモルファス晶10.5g(収率100%)を得た。
δ(ppm)=10.84(2H)、8.36−8.38(2H)、8.28−8.30(1H)、7.48−7.50(2H)、7.27−7.32(4H)、7.15−7.16(2H)、1.34(18H)。
窒素置換した反応容器に、2−(トリフルオロメチル)アニリン8.3g(51.5ミリモル)、トリエチルアミン5.2g(51.5ミリモル)、ジオキサン100mlを加え、攪拌しながら、2,6−ピリジンジカルボン酸ジクロリド5.0g(24.5ミリモル)のジオキサン溶液50mlを滴下した後、さらに6時間攪拌した。一夜放置した後、反応液を希塩酸500mlの中に攪拌しながら加えた。析出する粗製物をろ過によって採取し、水で洗浄した後、60℃で減圧乾燥することによって白色結晶9.33g(収率84.1%)を得た。
δ(ppm)=10.82(2H)、8.37−8.38(2H)、8.30−8.32(1H)、7.77−7.84(4H)、7.67−7.68(2H)、7.56−7.59(2H)。
(非磁性トナー1−1の製造)
スチレン−アクリレート系共重合体樹脂(三井化学株式会社製、商品名CPR−100、酸価0.1mgKOH/g)91部、合成実施例1−3で合成したピリジンジカルボン酸誘導体(例示化合物1−4)1部、カーボンブラック(三菱化学株式会社製、商品名MA−100)5部及び低分子量ポリプロピレン(三洋化成株式会社製、商品名ビスコール550P)3部を130℃の加熱混合装置(2軸押出混練機)によって溶融混合した。冷却した混合物をハンマーミルで粗粉砕した後、ジェットミルで微粉砕し、分級して体積平均粒径9±0.5μmの非磁性トナー1−1を得た。
非磁性トナー1−1をノンコート系のフェライトキャリア(パウダーテック株式会社製F−150)と4対100質量部(トナー:キャリア)の割合で混合振とうしてトナーを負に帯電させた後、ブローオフ粉体帯電量測定装置で帯電量を測定した。その結果、−36.6μc/gであった。
(非磁性トナー1−2の製造及び評価)
合成実施例1−3で合成したピリジンジカルボン酸誘導体(例示化合物1−4)を合成実施例1−5で合成したピリジンジカルボン酸誘導体(例示化合物1−6)に代えたこと以外は、実施例1−10と同様の方法で非磁性トナー1−2を調製し、ブローオフ粉体帯電量測定装置によって帯電量を評価した。その結果、ノンコート系のフェライトキャリア(パウダーテック株式会社製F−150)と混合した場合の帯電量は−32.3μc/gであった。同様に、シリコンコート系のフェライトキャリアー(パウダーテック社製 F96−150)と混合した場合の帯電量は−22.5μc/gであった。
[比較例1−1]
(比較非磁性トナー1−1の製造と評価)
合成実施例1−3で合成したピリジンジカルボン酸誘導体(例示化合物1−4)を3,5−tert−ブチルサリチル酸と亜鉛の塩に代えたこと以外は、実施例1−10と同様の方法で比較非磁性トナー1−1を調製し、ブローオフ粉体帯電量測定装置によって帯電量を評価した。その結果、ノンコート系のフェライトキャリア(パウダーテック株式会社製F−150)と混合した場合の帯電量は−23.0μc/gであった。同様に、シリコンコート系のフェライトキャリアー(パウダーテック社製 F96−150)と混合した場合の帯電量は−15.0μc/gであった。
窒素置換した反応容器に、シクロヘキシルアミン5.0g(51.5ミリモル)、トリエチルアミン5.2g(51.5ミリモル)、ジオキサン100mlを加え、攪拌しながら、2,6−ピリジンジカルボン酸ジクロリド5.0g(24.5ミリモル)のジオキサン溶液50mlを滴下した後、さらに6時間攪拌した。一夜放置した後、反応液を水500mlの中に攪拌しながら加えた。塩酸を加え、溶液のpHを3とした後、さらに1時間攪拌した。析出した粗製物をろ過によって採取し、水で洗浄した後、60℃で減圧乾燥することによって白色結晶7.16g(収率88.4%)を得た。
δ(ppm)=8.10−8.38(5H)、3.80(2H)、1.21−1.89(20H)。
窒素置換した反応容器に、4−tert−ブチルシクロヘキシルアミン8.0g(51.5ミリモル)、トリエチルアミン5.2g(51.5ミリモル)、ジオキサン100mlを加え、攪拌しながら、2,6−ピリジンジカルボン酸ジクロリド5.0g(24.5ミリモル)のジオキサン溶液50mlを滴下した後、さらに6時間攪拌した。一夜放置した後、反応液を水500mlの中に攪拌しながら加えた。塩酸を加え、溶液のpHを3とした後、さらに1時間攪拌した。酢酸エチルを用いた抽出操作を行い、有機層を重曹水で洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシウムを用いた脱水を行った後、減圧濃縮によって溶媒を留去し、残留物を得た。酢酸エチルとヘキサンの混合溶媒を用いた再結晶を行った後、60℃で減圧乾燥することによって白色結晶3.16g(収率29.3%)を立体異性体の混合物として得た。
δ(ppm)=8.08−8.33(5H)、3.72−4.18(2H)、0.87−2.00(36H)。
窒素置換した反応容器に、シクロペンチルアミン4.4g(51.5ミリモル)、トリエチルアミン5.2g(51.5ミリモル)、ジオキサン100mlを加えた後、攪拌しながら、2,6−ピリジンジカルボン酸ジクロリド5.0g(24.5ミリモル)のジオキサン溶液50mlを滴下した後、さらに6時間攪拌した。一夜放置した後、反応液を水500mlの中に攪拌しながら加えた。塩酸を加え、溶液のpHを3とした後、さらに1時間攪拌した。析出する粗製物をろ過によって採取し、水で洗浄した後、60℃で減圧乾燥することによって白色結晶6.14g(収率84.1%)を得た。
δ(ppm)=8.71(2H)、8.15(3H)、4.23(2H)、1.59−1.97(16H)。
窒素置換した反応容器に、シクロヘプチルアミン5.8g(51.5ミリモル)、トリエチルアミン5.2g(51.5ミリモル)、ジオキサン100mlを加えた後、攪拌しながら、2,6−ピリジンジカルボン酸ジクロリド5.0g(24.5ミリモル)のジオキサン溶液50mlを滴下した後、さらに6時間攪拌した。一夜放置した後、反応液を水500mlの中に攪拌しながら加えた。塩酸を加え、溶液のpHを3とした後、さらに1時間攪拌した。析出する粗製物をろ過によって採取し、水で洗浄した後、60℃で減圧乾燥することによって白色結晶7.89g(収率89.7%)を得た。
δ(ppm)=8.37(2H)、8.09−8.14(3H)、3.99(2H)、1.52−1.93(24H)。
(非磁性トナー2−1の製造)
スチレン−アクリレート系共重合体樹脂(三井化学株式会社製、商品名CPR−100、酸価0.1mgKOH/g)91部、合成実施例2−2で合成したピリジンジカルボン酸誘導体(例示化合物2−3)1部、カーボンブラック(三菱化学株式会社製、商品名MA−100)5部及び低分子量ポリプロピレン(三洋化成株式会社製、商品名ビスコール550P)3部を130℃の加熱混合装置(2軸押出混練機)によって溶融混合した。冷却した混合物をハンマーミルで粗粉砕した後、ジェットミルで微粉砕し、分級して体積平均粒径9±0.5μmの非磁性トナー2−1を得た。
非磁性トナー2−1をノンコート系のフェライトキャリア(パウダーテック株式会社製F−150)と4対100質量部(トナー:キャリア)の割合で混合振とうしてトナーを負に帯電させた後、ブローオフ粉体帯電量測定装置で帯電量を測定した。その結果、−38.2μc/gであった。
(比較非磁性トナー2−1の製造と評価)
合成実施例2−2で合成したピリジンジカルボン酸誘導体(例示化合物2−3)を3,5−tert−ブチルサリチル酸と亜鉛の塩に代えたこと以外は、実施例2−5と同様の方法で比較非磁性トナー2−1を調製し、ブローオフ粉体帯電量測定装置によって帯電量を評価した。その結果、ノンコート系のフェライトキャリア(パウダーテック株式会社製F−150)と混合した場合の帯電量は−23.0μc/gであった。同様に、シリコンコート系のフェライトキャリアー(パウダーテック社製 F96−150)と混合した場合の帯電量は−15.0μc/gであった。
(樹脂分散液の調製)
ポリエステル樹脂(三菱レイヨン株式会社製、DIACRON ER−561)80部、酢酸エチル320部、イソプロピルアルコール32部を混合し、ホモジナイザー(株式会社美粒製、泡レスミキサー NGM−0.5TB)を用いて、5000〜10000rpmで攪拌しながら0.1質量%のアンモニア水を適量滴下して転相乳化させ、さらにエバポレーターで減圧しながら脱溶剤を行って、樹脂分散液を得た。この分散液における樹脂粒子の体積平均粒径は0.2μmであった(樹脂粒子濃度はイオン交換水で調整して20質量%とした)。
ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム0.2部、ソルボンT−20(東邦化学工業株式会社製)0.2部、イオン交換水17.6部を混合溶解し、さらに合成実施例1−3で合成したピリジンジカルボン酸誘導体(例示化合物1−4)2.0部、ジルコニアビーズ(ビーズの粒子径0.65mmφ、15ml相当量)を加えて、ペイントコンディショナー(UNION N.J.(USA)社製、Red Devil No.5400−5L)で3時間分散させた。篩いを用いてジルコニアビーズを除き、イオン交換水で調整して10質量%の電荷制御剤分散液とした。
温度計、pH計、攪拌機を備えた反応容器に前記樹脂分散液125部、20質量%のドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム水溶液1.0部、イオン交換水125部を加え、液温を30℃に制御しながら、回転数150rpmで30分撹拌した。1質量%の硝酸水溶液を添加してpHを3.0に調整し、さらに5分間撹拌した。ホモジナイザー(IKAジャパン社製、ウルトラタラックスT−25)で分散させながら、ポリ塩化アルミニウム0.125部を加え、液温を50℃まで昇温させた後、さらに30分間分散させた。前記樹脂分散液62.5部、前記電荷制御剤分散液4.0部を加えた後、1質量%の硝酸水溶液を添加してpHを3.0に調整し、さらに30分間分散した。攪拌機を用いて400〜700rpmで撹拌しながら、5質量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液8.0部を加え、トナーの体積平均粒子径が9.5μmとなるまで撹拌を継続した。液温を75℃まで昇温させた後、さらに2時間撹拌し、体積平均粒子径が6.0μmとなり、粒子形状が球形化したことを確認した後、氷水を用いて急速冷却させた。ろ過によって採取し、イオン交換水で分散洗浄を行った。分散洗浄は、分散後のろ液の電気伝導度が20μS/cm以下となるまで繰り返した。その後、40℃の乾燥機で乾燥してトナー粒子を得た。
得られたトナーを166メッシュ(目開き90μm)の篩いで篩分して評価用トナーとした。
得られた評価用トナー2部、シリコンコート系のフェライトキャリアー(パウダーテック社製F96−150)100部の割合で混合して振とうし、トナーを負に帯電させた後、ブローオフ粉体帯電量測定装置で温度25℃、湿度50%の雰囲気下で飽和帯電量の測定を行った。その結果、飽和帯電量は−38.9μc/gであった。
比較のために、電荷制御剤分散液を加える操作を省略したこと以外は、実施例1−12と同様の条件でトナーを作製し、飽和帯電量測定を行った。その結果、飽和帯電量は−20.5μC/gであった。
(樹脂分散液の調製)
ポリエステル樹脂(三菱レイヨン株式会社製、DIACRON ER−561)80部、酢酸エチル320部、イソプロピルアルコール32部を混合し、ホモジナイザー(株式会社美粒製、泡レスミキサー NGM−0.5TB)を用いて、5000〜10000rpmで攪拌しながら0.1質量%のアンモニア水を適量滴下して転相乳化させ、さらにエバポレーターで減圧しながら脱溶剤を行って、樹脂分散液を得た。この分散液における樹脂粒子の体積平均粒径は0.2μmであった(樹脂粒子濃度はイオン交換水で調整して20質量%とした)。
ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム0.2部、ソルボンT−20(東邦化学工業株式会社製)0.2部、イオン交換水17.6部を混合溶解し、さらに合成実施例2−2で合成したピリジンジカルボン酸誘導体(例示化合物2−3)2.0部、ジルコニアビーズ(ビーズの粒子径0.65mmφ、15ml相当量)を加えて、ペイントコンディショナー(UNION N.J.(USA)社製、Red Devil No.5400−5L)で3時間分散させた。篩いを用いてジルコニアビーズを除き、イオン交換水で調整して10質量%の電荷制御剤分散液とした。
温度計、pH計、攪拌機を備えた反応容器に前記樹脂分散液125部、20質量%のドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム水溶液1.0部、イオン交換水125部を加え、液温を30℃に制御しながら、回転数150rpmで30分撹拌した。1質量%の硝酸水溶液を添加してpHを3.0に調整し、さらに5分間撹拌した。ホモジナイザー(IKAジャパン社製、ウルトラタラックスT−25)で分散させながら、ポリ塩化アルミニウム0.125部を加え、液温を50℃まで昇温させた後、さらに30分間分散させた。前記樹脂分散液62.5部、前記電荷制御剤分散液4.0部を加えた後、1質量%の硝酸水溶液を添加してpHを3.0に調整し、さらに30分間分散した。攪拌機を用いて400〜700rpmで撹拌しながら、5質量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液8.0部を加え、トナーの体積平均粒子径が9.5μmとなるまで撹拌を継続した。液温を75℃まで昇温させた後、さらに2時間撹拌し、体積平均粒子径が6.0μmとなり、粒子形状が球形化したことを確認した後、氷水を用いて急速冷却させた。ろ過によって採取し、イオン交換水で分散洗浄を行った。分散洗浄は、分散後のろ液の電気伝導度が20μS/cm以下となるまで繰り返した。その後、40℃の乾燥機で乾燥してトナー粒子を得た。
得られたトナーを166メッシュ(目開き90μm)の篩いで篩分して評価用トナーとした。
得られた評価用トナー2部、シリコンコート系のフェライトキャリアー(パウダーテック社製 F96−150)100部の割合で混合して振とうし、トナーを負に帯電させた後、ブローオフ粉体帯電量測定装置で温度25℃、湿度50%の雰囲気下で飽和帯電量の測定を行った。その結果、飽和帯電量は−40.5μc/gであった。
比較のために、電荷制御剤分散液を加える操作を省略したこと以外は、実施例2−6と同様の条件でトナーを作製し、飽和帯電量測定を行った。その結果、飽和帯電量は−20.5μC/gであった。
すなわち本発明の一般式(1)で表されるピリジンジカルボン酸誘導体を有効成分として含有する電荷制御剤を用いることによって重合トナーに高い帯電性能を付与することができる。
Claims (6)
- 下記一般式(1)で表されるピリジンジカルボン酸誘導体の1種又は2種以上を有効成分として含有する電荷制御剤。
- 前記一般式(1)で表されるピリジンジカルボン酸誘導体が、下記一般式(1A)で表される化合物である、請求項1に記載の電荷制御剤。
- 前記一般式(1)で表されるピリジンジカルボン酸誘導体が、下記一般式(1A−1)で表される化合物である、請求項1に記載の電荷制御剤。
- R6及びR7が、置換基を有していてもよい炭素原子数5〜10のシクロアルキル基である、請求項1又は2に記載の電荷制御剤。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の電荷制御剤と、着色剤と、結着樹脂と、を含有するトナー。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の電荷制御剤と、着色剤と、結着樹脂と、を含有する重合トナー。
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JPH03174540A (ja) * | 1989-12-04 | 1991-07-29 | Canon Inc | 電子写真感光体 |
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JPS63306460A (ja) * | 1987-06-02 | 1988-12-14 | ゼロックス コーポレーション | 負帯電促進添加剤を含有するトナー組成物 |
JPH03174540A (ja) * | 1989-12-04 | 1991-07-29 | Canon Inc | 電子写真感光体 |
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