JP5317582B2 - 水酸化脂肪酸の製造方法 - Google Patents
水酸化脂肪酸の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5317582B2 JP5317582B2 JP2008216335A JP2008216335A JP5317582B2 JP 5317582 B2 JP5317582 B2 JP 5317582B2 JP 2008216335 A JP2008216335 A JP 2008216335A JP 2008216335 A JP2008216335 A JP 2008216335A JP 5317582 B2 JP5317582 B2 JP 5317582B2
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- fatty acid
- acid
- protein
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- acid sequence
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Landscapes
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Description
J. Org. Chem., 1956, 21, 1426 Lipids, 1999, Vol.34, no.8: 841-846 J. Bio. Chem., 1997, Vol.272, No.38: 23592-23596 J. Bio. Chem., 2004, Vol.279, No.47: 48562-48568 今井 嘉郎, 「P450の分子生物学」, 2003年, 講談社サイエンティフィック, p15−p34
(1)以下の(a)〜(c)から選択されるタンパク質を含む生体触媒を用いて、炭素数6〜30の脂肪酸に水酸基を導入する工程を含むことを特徴とする、水酸化脂肪酸の製造方法:
(a)配列番号4で示されるアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質;
(b)配列番号4で示されるアミノ酸配列において1又は数個のアミノ酸が欠失、挿入、置換、付加又は転移されたアミノ酸配列からなり、且つ脂肪酸水酸化活性を有するタンパク質;
(c)配列番号4で示されるアミノ酸配列と70%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列からなり、且つ脂肪酸水酸化活性を有するタンパク質。
(2)以下の(a)〜(c)から選択されるタンパク質を含む生体触媒を用いて、脂肪酸のα位に水酸基を導入する工程を含むことを特徴とする、(S)−α−ヒドロキシ脂肪酸の製造方法:
(a)配列番号4で示されるアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質;
(b)配列番号4で示されるアミノ酸配列において1又は数個のアミノ酸が欠失、挿入、置換、付加又は転移されたアミノ酸配列からなり、且つ脂肪酸α位水酸化活性を有するタンパク質;
(c)配列番号4で示されるアミノ酸配列と70%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列からなり、且つ脂肪酸α位水酸化活性を有するタンパク質。
(3)前記脂肪酸が炭素数6〜30の脂肪酸である、(2)記載の製造方法。
(a)配列番号4で示されるアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質;
(b)配列番号4で示されるアミノ酸配列において1又は数個のアミノ酸が欠失、挿入、置換、付加又は転移されたアミノ酸配列からなり、且つ脂肪酸水酸化活性を有するタンパク質;
(c)配列番号4で示されるアミノ酸配列と70%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列からなり、且つ脂肪酸水酸化活性を有するタンパク質。
本発明の(S)−α−ヒドロキシ脂肪酸の製造方法では、以下の(a)〜(c)から選択されるタンパク質からなる脂肪酸α位水酸化酵素が使用される:
(a)配列番号4で示されるアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質;
(b)配列番号4で示されるアミノ酸配列において1又は数個のアミノ酸が欠失、挿入、置換、付加又は転移されたアミノ酸配列からなり、且つ脂肪酸α位水酸化活性を有するタンパク質;
(c)配列番号4で示されるアミノ酸配列と70%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列からなり、且つ脂肪酸α位水酸化活性を有するタンパク質。
(i)大腸菌によるCypCの発現
タンパク質生産用宿主としてEscherichia coli BL21Star (DE3)(インビトロジェン)を用いた。グルタチオンSトランスフェラーゼ(GST)とCypCの融合タンパク質(GST-CypC)を高発現するベクターであるpGEXCypCは、CypC遺伝子をpGEX-6P(GE ヘルスケア)のマルチクローニングサイトに挿入したプラスミドである。CypC遺伝子の増幅はB. clausii KSM-K16株ゲノムを鋳型とし、プライマーとしてCypC/EcoRI FW、CypC/SalI RVを使用して行った(配列番号2,3)。PCRにはPyrobest DNAポリメラーゼ(タカラバイオ)を用いた。PCRの組成は添付のプロトコールに従った。PCR条件は、98℃1分の後に、98℃10秒、55℃30秒、72℃1分30秒のサイクルを25回行った。増幅した約1.2kbpのDNA断片をEcoRI、SalIで処理し、pET21a、pGEX-6PのEcoRI、SalIサイトに挿入した。pGEXCypCが導入された大腸菌の形質転換体を以下の様に培養し、タンパク質の発現誘導を行った。即ち、種培養液をアンピシリン100ppmを含むLB培地にそれぞれ1%(v/v)植菌し、37℃、150rpmでOD600=約0.4になるまで振盪培養した。次に終濃度としてイソプロピル−β―D−ガラクトシピラノシド(IPTG)を0.5mM、ヘムの原料となるアミノレブリン酸を1mM、FeCl3・6H2Oを0.001%(v/v)となるよう添加し、更に25℃、120rpmで14時間振盪培養した。培養液を4℃、8000rpmで15分間遠心して集菌し、50mMTris−HCl (pH8.0)緩衝液で1回洗菌を行った。
(ii)組換えタンパク質の精製
回収した菌体を、コンプリートミニEDTAフリー(ロシュ)を1錠/10mLとなるように溶解させた50mMTris−HCl (pH8.0)150mLに懸濁し、懸濁液中の菌体を破砕した後、破砕液を4℃、15000rpmで15分間遠心し、上清を取得した。上清を除菌処理した後、アフィニティークロマトグラフィー法により精製し、CypCを取得した。
以下の実施例で構築した反応系では、下記の式1の反応により、反応液中のグルコースとグルコースオキシダーゼ(GOD)から、CypCによる脂肪酸の水酸化に必要な過酸化水素を発生させた。この反応系では理論上、1 UnitのGODから1分間に1μmolの過酸化水素が発生する。
グルコース+H2O+O2 ⇒ D-グルコノ-δ-ラクトン+H2O2
GOD
(i)材料及び手順
終濃度として0.5g/Lのラウリン酸、0.1M PBS(137mM NaCl、8.1mM Na2HPO4、2.68mM KCl、1.47mM KH2PO4:pH7.4)、10〜200mL/L精製酵素液(タンパク質濃度:1.1mg/mLを使用)、3mMグルコース(500mMグルコース液を希釈して使用)、1×103 Units/L GOD、5%(v/v)エタノールとなるよう調製し、25℃、150rpmで5時間振盪した。反応液に0.02倍容の濃塩酸を添加し反応を停止させた後、反応物を0.4倍容の酢酸エチルで抽出した。抽出した酢酸エチル層を遠心濃縮機で乾固させた後、適量の酢酸エチルに溶解し、そのうちの一部を採取し薄層クロマトグラフィー(TLC)分析、及びガスクロマトグラフィーを行った。
(ii)ヒドロキシラウリン酸の分析
TLC分析を行った結果、生成物のバンドがα−ヒドロキシラウリン酸と同じ位置に生じた。更にガスクロマトグラフィーでも生成物のピークが、α−ヒドロキシラウリン酸のピークと同じ保持時間で検出された。また、生成物のピークは、β−ヒドロキシラウリン酸等の、脂肪酸のα位以外に水酸基が導入されたヒドロキシ脂肪酸と同じ保持時間では出現しなかった事から、CypCによる脂肪酸の水酸化反応は、α位に特異的に水酸基を導入するものである事が明らかになった。
反応液(0.5g/Lラウリン酸、0.1MPBS(pH7.4)、50mL/L精製酵素液、3mMグルコース、1×103 Units/L GOD)に、酢酸エチル、アセトン又はエタノール1〜5%(v/v)(あるいはエタノール0〜20%(v/v))をそれぞれ添加し、実施例2と同様に25℃、150rpmで5時間振盪した。反応を濃塩酸で停止させ、反応物を酢酸エチルで抽出した後、TLCにより反応性の確認を行った(図1)。この結果、反応液中にエタノールを5%添加した際に最も残存基質量が減少し、生成物であるα−ヒドロキシラウリン酸の量が多くなることがわかった。
反応液(0.2g/Lラウリン酸、0.1M各種バッファー、50mL/L精製酵素液、1mM過酸化水素)にエタノール 5%(v/v)をそれぞれ添加し、実施例2と同様に25℃、150rpmで5時間振盪した。反応を濃塩酸で停止させ、反応物を酢酸エチルで抽出した後、三フッ化ホウ素メタノール溶液(メルク)を用いたフッ化ホウ素法によりメチルエステル化した後、ガスクロマトグラフィーによる反応性の確認を行った(図2)。この結果、CypCの反応至適pHは7〜7.5であることが判明した。
反応液(0.2g/L各種飽和脂肪酸もしくはオレイン酸、0.1MPBS(pH7.4)、50mL/L精製酵素液、3mMグルコース、1×103 Units/L GOD)をそれぞれ添加し、実施例2と同様に25℃、150rpmで5時間振盪した。反応を濃塩酸で停止させ、反応物を酢酸エチルで抽出した後、TLCにより反応性の確認を行った(図3)。この結果、CypCによる脂肪酸水酸化反応は、鎖長10から18、より特異的には鎖長10から16の飽和脂肪酸及び不飽和脂肪酸であるオレイン酸に対し行われることが明らかとなった。
(i)材料及び手順
GST-CypCの精製酵素液(0.4mg/mL)を用いて、終濃度0.1MPBS(pH7.4)、0.3g/Lパルミチン酸、225mL/L精製酵素液、9mMグルコース、1×103 Units/L GOD、5%(v/v)エタノールを、25℃、150rpmで1時間振盪した。濃塩酸を添加して反応を停止させた後、反応物を酢酸エチルで抽出し、抽出した酢酸エチル層に5%(w/v)のMgSO4を加えて20分攪拌して脱水させた後、遠心濃縮機で乾固させ反応固形物を取得した。
(ii)α−ヒドロキシパルミチン酸の精製
反応乾固物の9倍量のシリカゲルをクロロホルムに懸濁し、予めシリカゲル層が直径:高さ=1:10〜20になるように設定したカラムに充填した。最少量の展開溶媒で溶かした反応物をカラムの上部に静かに添加し、展開溶媒を流してシリカゲルに吸着させた。その後シリカゲルの体積と同容〜3倍容の展開溶媒を流し、シリカゲルの1/10容ずつ分画を行った。TLCで各画分に含まれる反応物を確認し、α-ヒドロキシパルミチン酸のみを含むと見られる画分をまとめて乾固させ、未反応の基質を含む画分については、同様に再精製を行った。反応物の一部(約10mg)を三フッ化ホウ素メタノール溶液(メルク)を用いたフッ化ホウ素法によりメチルエステル化し、ガスクロマトグラフィーによる純度検定に供した結果、純度約88%のα−ヒドロキシパルミチン酸を含む事がわかった。
(iii)α−ヒドロキシパルミチン酸の光学純度分析
精製したα−ヒドロキシパルミチン酸の光学純度を、3、5−ジニトロフェニルイソシアネートで誘導体化し、光学活性カラムOA−3100を用いて測定した。その結果、CypCによる脂肪酸の水酸化反応では、光学純度86.7%e.e.で(S)−α−ヒドロキシパルミチン酸が合成される事がわかった(図4)。
Claims (3)
- 以下の(a)〜(c)から選択されるタンパク質を含む生体触媒を用いて、5〜10%(v/v)エタノールの存在下で脂肪酸のα位に水酸基を導入する工程を含むことを特徴とする、(S)−α−ヒドロキシ脂肪酸の製造方法:
(a)配列番号4で示されるアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質;
(b)配列番号4で示されるアミノ酸配列において1又は数個のアミノ酸が欠失、挿入、置換、付加又は転移されたアミノ酸配列からなり、且つ脂肪酸α位水酸化活性を有するタンパク質;
(c)配列番号4で示されるアミノ酸配列と90%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列からなり、且つ脂肪酸α位水酸化活性を有するタンパク質。 - バチルス・クラウジ(Bacillus clausii)由来CypCを含む生体触媒を用いて、5〜10%(v/v)エタノールの存在下で脂肪酸のα位に水酸基を導入する工程を含むことを特徴とする、(S)−α−ヒドロキシ脂肪酸の製造方法。
- 前記脂肪酸が炭素数6〜30の脂肪酸である、請求項1又は2記載の製造方法。
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