JP5297294B2 - Method for enriching gingerols - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for enriching gingerols used as a main component or additive component of functional foods.

  In the present invention, gingerols are compounds having the structure shown below.

In the formula, n represents an integer of 1 to 10.
Mainly refers to 6-shogaol, 8-shogaol, or 10-shogaol corresponding to n = 4, 6, 8.

It is disclosed in Patent Document 1 that gingerols or gingerols contained in ginger promote and regulate the action of lactic acid bacteria in fermented foods and stabilize the number of lactic acid bacteria. Patent Document 2 discloses that there is an effect of depletion or death.

Furthermore, ginger, which is a pungent component of ginger, is not only used as a food fragrance, but also antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibiting, blood circulation promoting, It is known to have an effect of increasing body temperature, and Patent Document 3 describes that shogaol has an effect of increasing the expression level of adiponectin and treats / prevents diabetes and obesity. However, Patent Document 4 discloses that gingerols are present only in trace amounts in natural products.

  As described above, shogaols have various pharmacological actions such as antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibition, blood circulation promotion, increased body temperature, increased adiponectin expression, etc. In the future, it is expected to be used in functional foods and pharmaceuticals as an effective component for preventing induced metabolic syndrome. On the other hand, ginger, which is a typical plant of the ginger family, contains gingerols, gingerols, etc. as essential oil components having a pungent taste, but in the raw and unprocessed state, the main constituent is gingerols. There are very few oars. Furthermore, when ginger is extracted from ginger, even if ethanol extraction or extraction with an organic solvent has the highest extraction efficiency, the ginger content in the extract is only about 0.08% by weight. It is difficult to use it for functional foods and pharmaceuticals.

  In Patent Document 5, there is an example in which gingerols are obtained by heating gingerols in the presence of an acid catalyst, but since an organic solvent such as toluene is used in the heating process, as a raw material for food It is difficult to use.

  Therefore, if gingerol contained in ginger family plants can be efficiently converted into gingerols under conditions and processing methods suitable for the use of foods and pharmaceuticals, etc., functional food materials with excellent bioactivity and pharmacological action will be marketed. Can be provided.

JP 2005-13180 A JP 2005-230007 A JP 2008-189571 A JP 2001-314169 A JP-A-8-40970

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is a method for stably enriching ginger family plants having excellent physiological activity and pharmacological action in ginger family plants or extracts thereof, which are expected to be effective as materials for functional foods, etc. Is to provide.

  In the present invention, a raw material derived from a ginger family plant is heated as it is, or immersed in a fermented liquid obtained by fermenting a plant or milk using microorganisms or in an enzyme liquid extracted from the fermented liquid, and then heated. Thus, gingerols are efficiently converted into gingerols, thereby enriching gingerols.

That is, a raw material derived from a ginger plant (leaves, stems, rhizomes, etc.) is immersed in a fermented liquid obtained by fermenting plants or milk using microorganisms or in an enzyme liquid extracted from the fermented liquid, and then as a heating method. , Steam heating, heating using electromagnetic waves such as far-infrared rays, heating using an electric heating device such as an electric heater, heating using an open flame, etc., until a light brown color, temperature 30 ° C. to 90 ° C., humidity 50% Heat up to 90%, 120 hours to 500 hours.

The shape of the raw material for this enrichment process is not limited. That is, it may be any of powder, bulk solid, slice, and liquid.

And it is thought that the mechanism of conversion to gingerols by fermentation and aging of gingerols changed to gingerols by the dehydration reaction by the following reaction.

In the formula, n represents an integer of 1 to 10.
Mainly, gingerols refer to 6-shogaol, 8-shogaol, or 10-shogaol corresponding to n = 4, 6, 8.
Mainly, gingerols refer to 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol corresponding to n = 4,6,8.

The gingerols enriched by the treatment method of the present invention can be stably maintained, and the content of gingerols is more than twice that of the conventional extraction method, that is, the content of ginger family plants. The ratio of the components gingerol and gingerol can be an enrichment with a composition of 1: 1 to 30: 1. In addition, the enrichment method of the present invention does not require complicated equipment or processing, and therefore can be easily manufactured.

Examples of the raw material derived from the ginger family that can be used in the present invention include Kinki ginger, Sanshu ginger, Omi ginger, Yanaka ginger, Shizuoka No. 4, yellow ginger, soil ginger, Otafuku ginger rhizome, etc. Kinki ginger and Sanshu ginger are preferred from the viewpoint of gingerol content.

The raw material to be mixed with the fermentation broth or the enzyme liquid extracted from the fermentation broth can be used as it is without pretreatment. Moreover, after slicing, grinding | pulverizing, pressing or grated a raw material, you may mix with the enzyme liquid extracted from the fermentation liquid or fermentation liquid. Furthermore, you may use the extract containing gingerols and gingerols as a raw material.

When the extract is used, any means such as hot water extraction, ethanol extraction, supercritical extraction, etc. can be applied, but ethanol extraction is preferred in consideration of physical properties and yield improvement of gingerols and gingerols.

At the time of ethanol extraction, for example, ethanol or a mixed solution of ethanol and water is added to the fine granules of rhizomes of Ginger family plants in an equal amount or more and heated. After heating to 60 ° C. or higher, stirring is performed while maintaining the temperature. After maintaining this stirring for 1 hour or longer, the mixture is filtered to obtain an extract. Further, the extract can be concentrated to obtain the same amount of extract as the fine granules. The solid content is about 4.8%.

  When the extract is in liquid form, it can be used as a raw material after being powdered by spray drying or freeze drying.

After mixing the raw material derived from the ginger family plant into the fermented liquid or the enzyme liquid extracted from the fermented liquid, the mixture itself may be fermented using a microorganism or an enzyme fermented by the microorganism. By heating and aging this mixture, the enrichment efficiency of gingerols, that is, the conversion efficiency of gingerols to gingerols is improved.

  Moreover, lactic acid bacteria, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, yeast, Bacillus subtilis, acetic acid bacteria, etc. are used as microorganisms in the case of using a fermentation broth. These fungi may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Examples of lactic acid bacteria include lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Cocci, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Streptococcus, and Lactococcus, as well as Enterococcus, Bagococcus, Carno Lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Bacteria, Aerococcus and Tetragenococcus can be used. Specific Lactobacillus strains include Cubobacillus bulgaris, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus salmon , Streptococcus thermophilus, Streptococcus lactis, Streptococcus cremoris, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium infantis, Leuconostoc cremoris, Leuconostoc methentello Examples include Ides, Leuconostococcus, Pediococcus acidilactici, Pediococcus cerevisiae, Pediococcus spentaseus and the like.

  Examples of Aspergillus include Aspergillus genus, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus usami, Aspergillus shirosami, Aspergillus kawachi, Aspergillus soya, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus awamori, Aspergillus cytoii, Aspergillus cyta, and Aspergillus cyta.

  Examples of yeasts include, but are not limited to, Devalyomyces, Saccharomyces, Pichia, Kluyveromyces, Torlaspora, Subia, Brettanomyces, Cryptococcus, Eremotelium, Issachenchia, Crocella, Lipomyces, Examples include the genus Methonicouia, the genus Rhodotorua, the genus Schizosaccharomyces, the genus Digosaccharomyces, the genus Candida, and the like, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida bilsacilus. Examples of yeast used as food include liquor yeast, beer yeast, wine yeast, baker's yeast, sake yeast, and shochu yeast. As sake yeast, Kyokai No. 6, Kyokai No. 7, Kyokai No. 9, Kyokai No. 10, Kyokai No. 11, Kanazawa Yeast, Foam-free Yeast-601, Akita-ryu, Flower Yeast AK-1, etc. The beer yeast includes ale yeast, lager yeast and the like. Moreover, you may ferment naturally with wild yeast.

Examples of Bacillus subtilis include strains of the genus Bacillus, such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus natto strains.

Examples of acetic acid bacteria include Acetobacter genus, Acia genus, Acidomonas genus, etc., Acetobacter tropicalis, Acetobacter indonesiensis, Acetobacter sigigiii, Acetobacter sibinongensis, Acetobacter orientalis, Acetobacter pasturinus Acetobacter orenenensis, acetobacter robaniensis, acetobacter aceti, acetobacter pomorum, asaia bogorensis, asaia siemensis, acidomonas methanolica and the like.

  Moreover, saccharides and minerals, such as oligosaccharide and glucose, can also be added to a fermented liquor.

  Furthermore, as a fermented product, a fermented product derived from a plant can be used. Preferred plants include various grains such as rice, brown rice, barley, wheat, oats, rye, oats, and corn, or germinated seeds of these grains, beans such as peas, fasion beans, red beans, soybeans, agaricus Genus and Boretus mushrooms, apples, bananas, pears, strawberries, oysters, pineapples, grapes, apricots, peaches, plums, papayas, quinces, avocados, mangoes, cherries, apricots, melons, loquats, figs, prunes, kiwis, blueberries , Blackberry, raspberry, cranberry, gooseberry, burdock, eggplant, tomato, mugwort, lotus root, lettuce, cabbage, sugar beet, hop, bursnip, spinach, radish, turnip, cauliflower, chicory, onion, celery, carrot, asparagus Gas, horseradish, ginger, Loe, pepper, alfalfa, malt, broad bean, green beans, sweet bean, yaenari, potato, sweet potato, sugar cane, taro, tea, tobacco, olive, chrysanthemum, ashitaba, kale, turmeric, potato, sweet potato, yam, eggplant, tomato, bittern, Peppers, sesame seeds, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, lettuce, ginger, burdock, Japanese radish, horseradish, avocado, carrot, spinach, lily, rakkyo, perilla, leek, leek, parsnip, bracken, bamboo shoot, chestnut, shiitake, mushroom, etc. Vegetable, lemon, apple, strawberry, orange, guava, banana, blueberry, blackberry, cranberry, raspberry, cowberry, bayberry, feijoa, tamarillo, acerola, lime, seeker Fruits such as melon, peach, mango, yuzu, pineapple, pear, plum, grapefruit, karin, apricot, mandarin orange, pomegranate, watermelon, prune, kiwi, various nuts such as almond, cashew nut, macadamia nut, chestnut, ginnan, walnut Examples include materials. You may use 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types. These plants may be used as they are, or after performing an operation such as steaming or boiling, the temperature may be adjusted to an optimum level at which fermentation is easy, and then microorganisms may be added for fermentation. In that case, water may be added.

  Among them, natto and brown rice-derived enzymes can be suitably used because they are inexpensive and commercially available and easily available.

  Furthermore, you may use apple vinegar, moromi, squeezed rice cake after fermentation, for example, sake mash which is squeezed rice cake of moromi. Apple cider vinegar is preferred because it is commercially available, is inexpensive, and can be easily manufactured. Moromi is preferable because it is inexpensive and can be easily manufactured. Furthermore, sake lees are rich in nutrients and are disposed of in large quantities every year, so they are inexpensive in terms of cost and are preferable from the viewpoint of using waste products. In the case of sake lees, alcohol remains, so it is preferable to use it after drying and removing the alcohol. Moreover, not only sake lees but also plant lees can be used as the squeezed lees after fermentation.

  As the fermented product used in the fermentation broth, fermented products derived from milk such as cows, goats and sheep can be used. Milk is preferable because it is commercially available and inexpensive and easily available.

  Furthermore, when microorganisms ferment a plant or milk and then ginger, not only the component of a plant or milk but the component produced | generated at the time of fermentation is provided, and further an effect is exhibited as a functional food.

In this invention, the raw material derived from the ginger family plant may be heat-aged as it is, and after mixing with the fermentation liquor, the temperature is 30 ° C. to 90 ° C. and the humidity is 50% to 90%. Heat for hours, but as a means of heating, steam heating, heating using electromagnetic waves such as far infrared rays, heating using an electric heating device such as an electric heater, heating using an open flame, etc. Heat at a temperature of 30 ° C. to 90 ° C. and a humidity of 50% to 90% for 120 hours to 500 hours.

As heating conditions, the temperature was raised from 30 ° C. to 78 ° C. over about 2 days, maintained at 78 ° C. for 10 days to 2 weeks, kept at a humidity of about 70%, and after aging, the temperature was gradually increased. It is preferable to reduce the humidity. When aging is insufficient, heat aging may be further performed. After heating and aging, drying and aging are preferably performed in a low humidity environment of about 20 ° C. for one month.

In order to obtain this heating condition, heating with far-infrared rays is preferable because it is easy to adjust the temperature at which microorganisms can ferment plants and the temperature at which raw materials are matured.

  In the following, examples of the present invention will be described with reference to an example using ginseng as a raw material for ginger corresponding to Ginger family plants.

Treatment of raw material 100 g of raw ginger raw material was put into a stainless steel beaker, and an enzyme solution was added and immersed.

   As the enzyme solution, brown rice was fermented with seed meal and prepared by adding 200 mL of water to 50 g of the obtained brown rice fermented product, of which 60 mL was used.

   After soaking, the mixture is placed in a steamer equipped with far-infrared rays as a heat source, the temperature is increased from 30 ° C. to 78 ° C. over 50 hours, and maintained at 78% humidity for 300 hours while maintaining 78 ° C. It was steamed. After heating, the ginger was gradually cooled from 78 ° C. and returned to room temperature over 50 hours. The aging process took a total of 400 hours. After aging, this ginger was dried for one month, and then the processed ginger was weighed to be 11 g, and the recovery rate was 11%.

Ginger extract content analysis of ginger extract before and after enzyme solution immersion and heat aging treatment The ginger extract content of ginger extract before and after enzyme and aging treatment was analyzed.
Analysis was performed by LC / MS / MS. The measurement was performed with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (device name: TSQ Quantum Access MAX) for environmental analysis / food positive list manufactured by Thermo Scientific. The column used was Hypersil Gold (C18 50 * 2.1 mm), the solvent was acetonitrile and water, and the solvent ratio was changed with time. The mixed solvent of acetonitrile: water = 20: 80 is gradually changed until 1 minute, and the ratio is gradually changed until 4 minutes, finally acetonitrile: water = 100: 0, and then acetonitrile: water = by 7 minutes. The ratio was changed to 80:20, and the mixture was held for 20 minutes with this mixed solvent. The flow rate was 0.2 ml / min.

   Table 1 shows the analysis results of the ginger extract before the enzyme solution immersion / heating aging treatment.

Regarding the extract of the Sanshu ginger before the enzyme solution immersion / far-infrared heat treatment, the content of 6-shogaol was 550 ppm, and that of 6-gingerol was 4900 ppm.

Moreover, in the extract liquid component after the heat treatment by the enzyme solution immersion process and far infrared rays extracted from the fermentation liquid, the content of 6-shogaol in the extract after the heat treatment with the brown rice-derived enzyme solution is enriched to 3700 ppm, 6-gingerol was 350 ppm. Therefore, 6-shogaol was enriched 6.7 times. Furthermore, the ratio of 6-shogaol and 6-gingerol was 11: 1.

That is, 6-shogaol is 41 mg in 11 g of the obtained processed ginger, and compared with 11 g of ginger before processing, 6-shogaol is 6.1 mg. It turned out to be enriched. Therefore, a functional food rich in 6-shogaol can be provided.

  The present invention is capable of stably enriching ginger ols having excellent physiological activity and pharmacological action in ginger family plants or extracts thereof that are expected to be effective as materials for functional foods and pharmaceuticals. it can.

  In other words, in the production of functional foods and pharmaceuticals using the pharmacological action of gingerol, this enrichment method can be used to improve the usefulness of functional foods and reduce production costs. is there.

  Furthermore, the fermentation liquid and enzyme liquid by the enrichment method of this invention employ | adopt the method of applying the conventional food fermentation technique, and can provide a safe functional food and a pharmaceutical.

  Furthermore, the functional raw material containing a large amount of gingerols obtained by this invention can be widely applied as functional foods and various therapeutic agents.

Claims (4)

   After mixing the raw material derived from the ginger family plant with the fermentation liquor, the gingerol in the raw material derived from the ginger family plant is heated for 120 hours to 500 hours under conditions of a temperature of 30 ° C. to 90 ° C. and a humidity of 50% to 90%. A method for enriching gingerols by converting cider into gingerols. The method for enriching shogaols according to claim 1 , wherein the fermented liquid contains a fermented product fermented by a microorganism composed of any one of yeast, lactic acid bacteria, koji molds, Bacillus subtilis, and acetic acid bacteria. Fermented liquid derived from grains such as rice, brown rice, barley, wheat, oats, rye, oats, rye, corn, etc. The method for enriching shogaols according to claim 1 , comprising a fermented product derived from a plant such as milk or milk. Heating, heating using electromagnetic waves of far infrared rays, or steam heating, or enrichment methods ginger ols according to claim 1 heating, or a pressurized heat by direct flame using heating equipment.