JP5292851B2 - Drunk driving prevention device and drunk driving factor collecting method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a drunken driving prevention device and the method of collecting factor substances for drunken driving, where it is possible to improve precision in detecting alcohol contained in gases discharged through a driver's skin. <P>SOLUTION: This drunken driving prevention device measures the concentration of alcohol contained in the blood of a driver from the alcohol contained in the gas discharged through his skin. An inner space 12 is provided inside a shift lever 1 operated by a driver, and an introduction opening 22 making the inner space 12 communicate with outdoor air is formed in a part 24 of the shift lever 1 with which the driver's skin can be expected to touch when he operates the shift lever 1. An alcohol detection part 20 to collect alcohol contained in the gas from the driver is positioned at a place higher than the introduction opening 22 within the inner space 12. This will allow the alcohol detection part 20 to detect the gas that rises through the inner space 12 after its specific gravity lowered by its temperature rise following the driver's body heat. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a drunk driving prevention apparatus and a drunk driving factor collecting method that can detect drunk driving alcohol from a driver and prevent drunk driving.

Accidents caused by drunk driving such as drunk driving have a high probability that the victim or the perpetrator will die or become seriously ill. In addition, not only the driver who becomes the perpetrator, but also irrelevant people are often involved, resulting in more disastrous accidents.
In a state where alcohol that causes drunk driving is present in the body of the driver, attention and judgment are reduced. When driving an automobile or the like in such a state, it becomes difficult to perform an appropriate driving operation. Thereby, the accident by drunk driving will occur.

For this reason, driving | running | working of a motor vehicle etc. is prohibited in the state where alcohol exists in the body by laws, such as the Road Traffic Law, and work rules.
However, at present, there is a false recognition such as “If there is little drinking, there is no problem in driving” or “If there is a few hours since drinking, there is no problem in driving”. Due to the presence of drivers, accidents caused by drunk driving have not been eradicated.

In order to solve such a problem, for example, as described in Patent Document 1, a driver's blood alcohol concentration is detected, and when the detected blood alcohol concentration exceeds a predetermined value, Techniques for stopping or reducing the function of a vehicle have been proposed.
In this technique, in order to detect the blood alcohol concentration, alcohol contained in the driver's sweat is collected instead of collecting alcohol contained in the driver's breath.

Specifically, an alcohol sensor whose physical characteristics change due to an alcohol component adhering to the sensitive film is disposed in a driving operation unit such as a steering wheel or a shift lever that is touched by the driver's hand. Furthermore, a measuring device is provided that measures the blood alcohol concentration of the driver based on the output of the alcohol sensor.
For this reason, even if the passenger is drinking alcohol, it is possible to collect alcohol contained in the driver's sweat without being affected by the passenger's condition, and the driver's blood alcohol concentration Can be detected. Furthermore, when collecting alcohol contained in the driver's sweat, it is not necessary to perform individual actions independent of the operation related to driving, so that the driver can perform normal operations and be included in the driver's sweat. It is possible to collect alcohol.
JP 2005-224319 A

In the technique described in Patent Document 1, an alcohol sensor is arranged in the driving operation unit in order to collect alcohol contained in the driver's sweat. However, depending on the operation state of the driver, the distance between the alcohol sensor and the driver's hand may be increased.
In such a case, sweat from the driver's hand may evaporate into the atmosphere before being collected by the alcohol sensor.
In addition, the gas containing sweat released from the driver's skin is warmed by the driver's body temperature and becomes lighter in specific gravity than the surrounding air, so if the driver's sweat evaporates into a gas, it is included in this gas. The alcohol is moved upward from the driver's hand together with the gas.
For this reason, when the alcohol sensor is disposed below the driver's hand, the alcohol concentration collected by the alcohol sensor may be lower than the actual concentration, and the blood alcohol concentration There is a possibility that the detection accuracy is lowered.
The present invention has been made paying attention to the above-described problems, and is capable of improving the detection accuracy of alcohol contained in the gas released from the driver's skin, and the drunk driving prevention device and the drunk driving factor It is an object to provide a method for collecting substances.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is a drunk driving prevention device for detecting alcohol contained in a gas released from a driver's skin,
Of the shift levers provided in the vehicle that is the driving operation unit operated by the driver, an internal space that is isolated from the external space is formed inside the gripping portion that is gripped by the driver's hand,
An introduction opening that communicates the internal space and the external space is formed in a contact prediction portion that is predicted to come into contact with the driver's skin during the operation of the shift lever on the outer peripheral surface of the grip portion,
An alcohol driving prevention device is provided , wherein an alcohol detection unit that collects alcohol contained in the gas is disposed above the introduction opening in the internal space .

According to the present invention, the gas released from the driver's skin, further heated by the driver's body temperature and having a lighter specific gravity than the surrounding air, is introduced into the internal space from the introduction opening, and the gas that rises in the internal space, It can be collected by the alcohol detector.
For this reason, it becomes possible to extract | collect the alcohol contained in the gas discharge | released from the driver | operator's skin efficiently, and it becomes possible to improve the detection accuracy of alcohol.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
(First embodiment)
(Constitution)
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a vehicle Ca provided with the drunk driving prevention device of the present embodiment. FIG. 1 shows a state where the driver H seated in the driver seat Ds in the passenger compartment performs an operation for starting the vehicle Ca stopped on the road surface.
As shown in FIG. 1, the vehicle Ca is an automatic transmission vehicle (AT vehicle) including a shift change shift lever 1 disposed on a floor. Therefore, the shift lever 1 serves as a driving operation unit that is operated by the driver H to start the vehicle Ca. Moreover, this vehicle is a vehicle (floor shift vehicle) provided with the shift lever 1 arrange | positioned on the floor.

The shift lever 1 includes a shaft portion 2 and a grip portion 4.
The shaft portion 2 is a bar-like member that extends upward from the floor in the vehicle interior, and is disposed so as to be tiltable in the vehicle front-rear direction with respect to the floor in the vehicle interior.
The grip portion 4 is fixed above the shaft portion 2. Further, when the shift lever 1 is operated, the grip portion 4 is a portion that the driver's H hand grips from above as shown in FIG.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a range surrounded by a circle II in FIG. 1, and is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a part of the grip portion 4 and the drunk driving prevention device 6. In addition, in FIG. 2, illustration other than the holding | grip part 4 and the drunk driving prevention apparatus 6 is abbreviate | omitted for description.
As shown in FIG. 2, the grip portion 4 includes a shift lock release button 8.
The shift lock release button 8 is arranged on the front side in the vehicle front-rear direction on the outer peripheral surface.
The shift lock release button 8 is attached to the grip portion 4 via the button attachment shaft 10. The button attachment shaft 10 penetrates the grip portion 4 in the vehicle width direction and attaches the shift lock release button 8 to the grip portion 4. Thereby, the operation direction of the shift lock release button 8 is set as the rotation direction with the central axis of the button mounting shaft 10 as the rotation center.

  By the way, when the shift position of the shift lever 1 is moved from the “P (parking)” range where the vehicle is stopped to the “R (reverse)” range, the “D (drive)” range or the like where the vehicle is running, It is necessary to press the shift lock release button 8. Therefore, when the vehicle starts, the shift lever 1 cannot be moved unless the shift lock release button 8 is pressed. That is, when the vehicle starts, the shift position cannot be changed unless the shift lock release button 8 is pressed.

As described above, like the shift lever 1, the shift lock release button 8 becomes a driving operation unit operated by the driver H to start the vehicle Ca.
An internal space 12 is formed inside the grip portion 4.
The internal space 12 is a hollow portion isolated from the external space, that is, the space in the vehicle interior.
The internal space 12 includes an introduction path 14, a branch path 16, and a downward extending path 18.
The introduction path 14 is a hollow portion that is inclined from the center side to the outer peripheral side of the grip portion 4 as it goes from the top to the bottom. In addition, the introduction path 14 communicates a space in the vicinity of the alcohol detection unit 20 described later in the internal space 12 with an introduction opening 22 described later.
In the present embodiment, the lower surface of the introduction path 14 is an inclined surface that is continuously inclined downward as it goes from the alcohol detection unit 20 to the introduction opening 22.

Here, the cross-sectional area of the introduction path 14 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.
3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 3 and 4, illustrations other than the introduction path 14 are omitted for explanation.
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the introduction path 14 is formed so that its cross-sectional area decreases as it goes from the introduction opening 22 toward the alcohol detection unit 20.

Returning to the description with reference to FIG.
In addition, the introduction path 14 is always disposed below the alcohol detection unit 20 in the vertical direction regardless of the operating state of the shift lever 1 by the driver H.
Here, the arrangement of the introduction path 14 will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the movement state of the shift lever 1 at each shift position.
As shown in FIG. 5, the shift position of the shift lever 1 is “P” range → “R” range → “N (neutral)” range → “from the vehicle front-rear direction front side to the vehicle front-rear direction rear side. It is set to line up with the “D” range. Further, the inclination angle of the shift lever 1 with respect to the horizontal plane at each shift position is the smallest in the “N” range and the largest in the “P” range.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an inclined state of the shift lever 1 with respect to a horizontal plane in a state where the shift position is in the “N” range. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the tilted state of the shift lever 1 with respect to the horizontal plane when the shift position is in the “P” range. 6 and 7, illustrations other than the grip portion 4, the shift lock release button 8, the introduction path 14, and the alcohol detection portion 20 are omitted for explanation. Further, the illustration of the introduction path 14 is simplified.

As shown in FIG. 6, in a state where the shift position is in the “N” range, the shift lever 1 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. In this state, the central axis CL that passes through the center of the introduction path 14 and the center of the alcohol detection unit 20 is inclined at an angle θN with respect to the horizontal plane.
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 7, in a state where the shift position is in the “P” range, the shift lever 1 is inclined forward in the vehicle front-rear direction with respect to the horizontal plane. In this state, the central axis CL that passes through the center of the introduction path 14 and the center of the alcohol detection unit 20 is inclined at an angle θP with respect to the horizontal plane.
Here, the angle θP with respect to the horizontal plane is obtained from the following equation (1).
0 <θP = θN−θP (1)

Returning to the description with reference to FIG.
The branch path 16 is a hollow portion branched from the introduction path 14 and connects the introduction path 14 and the external space.
The branch path opening 17 located on the outer space side of the branch path 16 is located at a position different from the introduction opening 22 in the contact prediction portion 24 described later, specifically, the introduction opening in the outer peripheral portion of the grip 4. It is formed above the portion 22.
The downward extending path 18 continuously extends downward at a position farther from the introduction opening 22 than the alcohol detector 20, and connects the internal space 12 and the external space. Therefore, the downward extending path 18 penetrates the grip portion 4 downward.

Of the outer peripheral surface of the grip portion 4, an introduction opening portion 22 that connects the internal space 12 and the external space is formed on the outer peripheral surface located on the rear side in the vehicle front-rear direction.
The introduction opening 22 is formed in a circular shape having a diameter of about 5 mm, for example. The shape of the introduction opening 22 is such that the introduction opening 22 is completely covered with the skin of the driver H when the shift lever 1 and the shift lock release button 8 are operated.
Further, the introduction opening 22 is formed in the grip portion 4. Specifically, the contact prediction portion 24 that is predicted to be in contact with the skin of the driver H during the operation of the shift lever 1 or the shift lock release button 8 on the outer circumferential surface located on the rear side in the vehicle front-rear direction of the grip portion 4. Forming. Note that the contact prediction portion 24 is, for example, the upper surface of the grip portion 4 or the surface on the rear side in the vehicle front-rear direction.

Although not particularly illustrated, the introduction opening 22 may be covered with a permeable membrane formed of a material that can transmit an alcohol component, such as a mesh-structured cloth or a resin film. In this case, for example, the color of the permeable membrane may be the same as that of the shift lever 1 so that it is difficult for the driver H to visually recognize the presence of the introduction opening 22.
Of the predicted contact portion 24, the position where the introduction opening 22 is formed is opposite to the pressurization direction in which the skin of the driver H is predicted to pressurize in order to operate the shift lever 1 and the shift lock release button 8. Let it be an opposing prediction region 26.

Here, with reference to FIG. 8 to FIG. 10, the position of the facing prediction portion 26 that forms the introduction opening 22 will be described.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the shift lever 1 in a state where the shift position is in the “P” range.
As shown in FIG. 8, in the state where the shift position is in the “P” range, it is necessary to move the shift position to the “R” range or the “D” range in order to start the vehicle Ca. For this reason, it is necessary for the driver H to operate the shift lock release button 8, and the shift lock release button 8 is moved to the rear side in the vehicle front-rear direction (reference numeral “F” in FIG. 8) while holding the grip 4. In the direction shown), for example, it is pushed by a finger.

  At this time, the driver H sets the surface on the opposite side of the vehicle front-rear direction front side on which the shift lock release button 8 is disposed, that is, the surface on the rear side in the vehicle front-rear direction, of the outer peripheral surface of the grip portion 4. It is pushed with the palm toward the front side (the direction indicated by the symbol “FA” in FIG. 8). As a result, a portion of the outer circumferential surface of the grip portion 4 on the rear side in the vehicle front-rear direction is predicted to pressurize the skin of the driver H in order to operate the shift lever 1 and the shift lock release button 8. It becomes the opposing prediction part 26 which opposes the applied pressure direction.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the direction of the force with which the driver H pushes the shift lock release button 8 when operating the shift lock release button 8 in a state where the shift position is in the “P” range.
As shown in FIG. 9, the range of the opposite predicted portion 26 (the range indicated by “Fr” in FIG. 9) is from the start of the operation of the shift lock release button 8 by the driver H to the end of the operation. H faces the direction in which the shift lock release button 8 is pressed.
Specifically, the lower end of the facing prediction portion 26 is opposite to the direction (“Fs” shown in FIG. 9) that opposes the direction of force (“Fs” shown in FIG. 9) where the driver H starts to press the shift lock release button 8. ]). Further, the upper end of the facing prediction portion 26 is in a direction (“FAe” shown in FIG. 9) that opposes the direction of the force (“Fe” shown in FIG. 9) to finish pressing the shift lock release button 8.

FIG. 10 is an X-ray arrow view of FIG.
As shown in FIG. 10, the range of the facing prediction portion 26 is near the center in the vehicle width direction on the rear surface of the grip portion 4 in the vehicle front-rear direction. In FIG. 10, as in FIG. 9, the range of the opposite predicted portion 26 is indicated by a symbol “Fr”.
Returning to the description with reference to FIG.
Projecting portions 28 that protrude in a direction away from the internal space 12 are formed above and below the introduction opening 22.
The protrusion 28 is continuous with the outer peripheral surface of the grip portion 4 on the rear side in the vehicle front-rear direction and the introduction opening 22, and protrudes rearward in the vehicle front-rear direction from the outer peripheral surface of the grip portion 4 on the rear side in the vehicle front-rear direction. Yes.

The drunk driving prevention device 6 includes an alcohol detection unit 20, a blood alcohol concentration calculation unit 30, a comparison determination unit 32, and a suction unit 34.
The alcohol detection unit 20 is, for example, an alcohol sensor that detects alcohols and aldehydes. In the present embodiment, the alcohol detection unit 20 is a sensor formed using anthracene, which is an organic semiconductor. This sensor has a configuration in which a pair of electrodes formed in a comb shape on a substrate are arranged to face each other, and these electrodes are covered with an anthracene thin film (anthracene film).

When a gas containing alcohol (alcohol vapor) comes into contact with the surface of the anthracene film, the alcohol vapor is chemisorbed on the surface of the anthracene film to transfer charges, and the electrical resistance decreases. The alcohol detection unit 20 then outputs an information signal including the change state of the electrical resistance to the blood alcohol concentration calculation unit 30.
Accordingly, when the current value between the electrodes is measured between a pair of electrodes, for example, with an AC voltage supplied from an existing battery applied to the vehicle, alcohol vapor can be detected according to the current value. . The reason why an AC voltage, not a direct current, is applied between the pair of electrodes is to prevent a polarization phenomenon from occurring. Moreover, even if the alcohol sensor formed using anthracene as described above chemisorbs alcohols and aldehydes other than ethyl alcohol, the electrical resistance decreases.

In general, simply speaking “alcohol” often refers to ethyl alcohol. On the other hand, scientifically speaking, “alcohol” often means all alcohols having a COOH group. In this embodiment, ethyl alcohol is abbreviated as “alcohol”.
As described above, the alcohol detection unit 20 has a function of collecting alcohol contained in the gas released from the skin of the driver H. Alcohol is a substance that causes drunk driving, that is, a drunk driving factor substance. In the present embodiment, as described above, a case where the alcohol detection unit 20 is an alcohol sensor will be described.

In addition, the position where the alcohol detection unit 20 is arranged is above the introduction opening 22 in the internal space 12. That is, the introduction opening 22 is disposed below the alcohol detection unit 20.
The blood alcohol concentration calculation unit 30 detects alcohol contained in alcohol vapor in contact with the surface of the anthracene film based on the information signal output from the alcohol detection unit 20, and calculates the blood alcohol concentration of the driver H. . Then, an information signal including the calculated blood alcohol concentration is output to the comparison determination unit 32.

The comparison determination unit 32 compares the blood alcohol concentration of the driver H with a predetermined value based on the information signal output from the blood alcohol concentration calculation unit 30.
The predetermined value used for the comparison with the blood alcohol concentration is, for example, a value corresponding to the alcohol contained in the breath and the blood alcohol concentration based on the Road Traffic Law. In the present embodiment, the predetermined value used for the comparison with the blood alcohol concentration is the value of the blood alcohol concentration corresponding to the case where 0.15 mg or more of alcohol is contained in 1 liter of breath. Further, the predetermined value used for the comparison with the blood alcohol concentration is a value corresponding to the shape of the introduction path 14.

The predetermined value used for comparison with the blood alcohol concentration may be configured such that the driver cannot adjust the setting by setting a password or the like necessary for adjusting the predetermined value, for example. Is preferred.
The comparison determination unit 32 that compares the blood alcohol concentration of the driver H with a predetermined value outputs a control signal for controlling the driving state of the vehicle to an existing transmission or the like on the vehicle based on the determination result.

Specifically, when it is determined that the blood alcohol concentration of the driver H is less than a predetermined value, a control signal for issuing an alarm to the driver H and a control signal for controlling the driving state of the vehicle to the inoperable state are provided. Do not output. In this state, the vehicle can perform normal traveling by the driver H.
On the other hand, if it is determined that the blood alcohol concentration of the driver H is equal to or higher than a predetermined value, a control signal for issuing an alarm to the driver H and a control signal for controlling the driving state of the vehicle to the inoperable state are output. .

  As a control signal for issuing a warning to the driver H, for example, a control signal for causing a vehicle to utter a voice, a warning sound or the like from an existing speaker is used. In addition, a car navigation system or the like may be used when sounding a sound or an alarm sound from a speaker. In the present embodiment, as a control signal for issuing a warning to the driver H, a signal for producing a sound and a warning sound from a vehicle speaker is used.

  As a control signal for controlling the driving state of the vehicle to the non-running state, for example, a transmission system of driving force from the engine to the wheel is locked by locking the transmission so as not to move from the neutral position (“N” range). Use control signal to shut off. Further, as other control signals, for example, a control signal for preventing the operation of a steering-related mechanism part such as a steering wheel, a control signal for cutting off fuel supply to an engine by a fuel system such as a fuel nozzle, etc. Is used. Therefore, in a state in which a control signal for controlling the driving state of the vehicle to the inoperable state is output, the vehicle becomes inoperable. In the present embodiment, a signal for controlling the transmission and locking the shift position to the position of the “P” range is used as a control signal for outputting a control signal for controlling the driving state of the vehicle to the inoperable state.

The suction means 34 is a suction device such as a pump, for example, and sucks the gas in the internal space 12 through the downward extending path 18. The suction port of the suction means 34 is disposed in a position farther from the introduction opening 22 than the alcohol detection unit 20 in the internal space 12.
The suction by the suction means 34 is performed every predetermined time (several seconds) after the engine that is the driving source of the driving wheels is started by, for example, operating an ignition switch. Further, the suction by the suction means 34 is performed at a constant flow rate, for example.

(Operation)
Next, the operation of the drunk driving prevention device 6 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 10 and FIG.
FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the operation of the drunk driving prevention device 6.
The flowchart of FIG. 11 starts from a state where the driver H who gets on the vehicle Ca stopped on the road surface and sits in the driver's seat performs an operation for starting the vehicle Ca. In this state, the shift position is in the “P” range.
As an operation for starting the vehicle Ca, the driver H seated in the driver's seat first starts the engine serving as the drive source of the drive wheels by operating the ignition switch (“IGN ON” shown in FIG. 11). (Step S10). The drive source of the drive wheels is not limited to the above engine, and may be an AC motor, for example.

The driver H who started the engine operates the shift lock release button 8 while holding the grip portion 4 in order to move the shift position from the “P” range to the “D” range.
At this time, the palm of the driver H pressurizes the facing prediction portion 26 and pressurizes the protrusions 28 formed above and below the introduction opening 22. For this reason, the protrusion 28 closely contacts the palm of the driver H, and the palm of the driver H closes the introduction opening 22. Thereby, the clearance gap formed between the introduction opening part 22 and the driver | operator's H palm becomes a very small thing, and the gas discharge | released from the driver | operator's H palm is suppressed from transpiration to the space of a vehicle interior, The Most of it moves to the introduction opening 22.

  The gas discharged from the palm of the driver H and moved to the introduction opening 22 is heated by the body temperature of the driver H, and the specific gravity is lighter than the air in the internal space 12. For this reason, the gas that has moved to the introduction opening 22 rises in the introduction path 14. The gas rising in the introduction path 14 moves to the introduction path 14 and the branch path 16, but most of the gas rises in the introduction path 14 because the suction means 34 sucks the gas in the internal space 12. However, it moves to the position where the alcohol detection unit 20 is disposed in the internal space 12.

Further, the branch opening 17 located on the outer space side of the branch path 16 is closed by the driver H's palm, so that the gas released from the driver H's palm and moved to the branch path 16 is moved into the passenger compartment. Moving to is prevented.
When the gas released from the palm of the driver H moves to the position where the alcohol detection unit 20 is disposed in the internal space 12, the alcohol detection unit 20 outputs an information signal including a change state of the electrical resistance to the blood alcohol concentration calculation unit. Output to 30.

The blood alcohol concentration calculation unit 30 that has received the information signal including the change state of the electrical resistance calculates the blood alcohol concentration of the driver H based on the received information signal. Then, an information signal including the calculated blood alcohol concentration is output to the comparison determination unit 32.
The comparison determination unit 32 that has received the information signal including the blood alcohol concentration compares the blood alcohol concentration of the driver H with a predetermined value based on the information signal output by the blood alcohol concentration calculation unit 30 (FIG. 11). "Whether the proximity sensor has detected alcohol" shown in the figure) (step S20).

When the blood alcohol concentration of the driver H is equal to or higher than the predetermined value (“Yes” shown in FIG. 11), the comparison determination unit 32 determines the control signal for issuing an alarm to the driver H and the driving state of the vehicle. And a control signal for controlling the vehicle to be unable to run.
When the comparison / determination unit 32 outputs a control signal that issues a warning to the driver H, a sound and a warning sound are produced from the vehicle speaker ("alarm" shown in FIG. 11). This warns the driver H that the state of the driver H is inappropriate for driving the vehicle (step S30).

  Further, when the comparison / determination unit 32 outputs a control signal for controlling the driving state of the vehicle to the non-running state, the transmission is controlled to lock the shift position to a position in the “P” range (see “Vehicle shown in FIG. 11”). Control (shift lock) "). As a result, transmission of the driving force from the engine to the wheels is interrupted, and rotation of the driving wheels is prevented, so that the vehicle state is controlled to be unable to travel (step S40).

Hereinafter, a case will be described in which a vehicle that is controlled to be incapable of traveling by the above operation is driven by a driver different from the above driver.
When the driver H whose blood alcohol concentration is equal to or higher than a predetermined value gets off the vehicle, the driver H releases the hand holding the grip portion 4. In the following description, the driver H whose blood alcohol concentration is equal to or higher than a predetermined value is referred to as “driver Ha”.
At this time, the temperature of the heated gas existing in the internal space 12, that is, the gas containing alcohol, decreases. And the temperature of the gas containing alcohol approaches normal temperature, ie, the same temperature as the air in a vehicle interior.

Here, the specific gravity of the gas containing alcohol is about 1.6 times that of normal air (air in the passenger compartment). For this reason, when the gas existing in the internal space 12 reaches a normal temperature, the gas at the normal temperature is lowered in the internal space 12 and discharged from the introduction opening 22 into the vehicle interior.
At this time, the lower surface of the introduction path 14 is an inclined surface that is continuously inclined downward from the alcohol detection unit 20 toward the introduction opening 22. For this reason, the alcohol contained in the gas at room temperature is smoothly discharged from the introduction opening 22 into the vehicle interior.

Further, when the driver Ha's hand is separated from the grip portion 4, the branch passage opening 17 located on the outer space side of the branch passage 16 is opened, so that the branch passage is opened from the opened branch passage opening 17. The air in the passenger compartment flows into 16. As a result, a gas having a lighter specific gravity than the air in the passenger compartment existing in the branch passage 16 and the introduction passage 14 is pushed downward by the outside air, and is discharged from the introduction opening 22 into the passenger compartment.
Furthermore, since the suction means 34 sucks the gas in the internal space 12 through the downward extending path 18, the gas at normal temperature existing in the internal space 12 is passed through the downward extending path 18. It will be discharged outside.

As described above, when the driver Ha whose blood alcohol concentration is equal to or higher than the predetermined value releases his / her hand from the grip portion 4, all the gas containing alcohol existing in the internal space 12 is discharged out of the internal space 12. It becomes.
After a driver Ha whose blood alcohol concentration is equal to or higher than a predetermined value leaves the driver's seat, a driver H different from the driver sits on the driver's seat and grips the grip portion 4. The comparison determination unit 32 compares the driver's blood alcohol concentration with a predetermined value. In the following description, a driver H different from the driver Ha whose blood alcohol concentration is equal to or higher than a predetermined value is referred to as “driver Hb”.

In this state, all of the gas containing alcohol that was present in the internal space 12 has moved out of the internal space 12, so that the blood alcohol concentration of the driver Hb that has been replaced has a predetermined value for the blood alcohol concentration. It is not influenced by the determination result for the driver Ha as described above.
When the blood alcohol concentration of the driver Hb is less than a predetermined value (“No” shown in FIG. 11), the comparison / determination unit 32 controls the control signal for issuing an alarm to the driver Hb, and driving of the vehicle. It does not output a control signal for controlling the state to the travel impossible state. That is, the vehicle is controlled so that it can travel.

Therefore, the driver Hb can operate the shift lever 1 (“END” shown in FIG. 11). Therefore, the vehicle can be brought into a running state by the driver Hb whose blood alcohol concentration is less than the predetermined value.
As described above, the drunk driving factor substance collecting method implemented by the operation of the drunk driving preventing apparatus of the present embodiment collects alcohol contained in the gas released from the skin of the driver H by the alcohol detection unit 20. Is the method. The alcohol detection unit 20 is disposed above the introduction opening 22 in the internal space 12.

(Effects of the first embodiment)
(1) In the drunk driving prevention apparatus of this embodiment, the alcohol detection part which collect | recovers alcohol contained in the gas discharge | released from the driver | operator's skin is arrange | positioned in the internal space formed in the inside of a holding part. Further, the introduction opening is disposed below the alcohol detection unit.
For this reason, the alcohol detector detects the gas released from the skin of the driver, further heated by the driver's body temperature and having a specific gravity lighter than that of the surrounding air, and introduced into the internal space through the introduction opening. Can be collected.

In addition, it is possible to collect a large amount of gas released from the driver's skin as compared to the case where the alcohol detection unit is disposed below the introduction opening in the internal space formed inside the gripping unit. Become.
As a result, it is possible to improve the detection accuracy of alcohol contained in the gas released from the driver's skin and to improve the detection accuracy of the driver's blood alcohol concentration, thus preventing drunk driving It becomes possible to do.

(2) Moreover, in the drunk driving prevention apparatus of the present embodiment, the internal space includes an introduction path that connects the space near the alcohol detection unit and the introduction opening. Further, the lower surface of the introduction path is an inclined surface that is continuously inclined downward as it goes from the alcohol detection unit to the introduction opening.
For this reason, the gas discharged from the driver's skin and introduced into the internal space from the introduction opening can be reliably guided to the alcohol detection unit.
In addition, the alcohol contained in the gas at normal temperature is smoothly discharged from the introduction opening to the passenger compartment, and the gas present in the introduction path can be reliably discharged outside the introduction path. It becomes.
As a result, the gas in the introduction path can be brought into a state suitable for alcohol detection, and the detection accuracy of alcohol contained in the gas released from the driver's skin can be improved.

(3) Moreover, in the drunk driving prevention apparatus of this embodiment, the cross-sectional area of the introduction path is decreased from the introduction opening toward the alcohol detection unit.
Therefore, a large amount of gas released from the driver's skin is introduced into the internal space, compared to the case where the cross-sectional area in the space near the alcohol detection portion of the introduction path is equal to or larger than the opening area of the introduction opening. It becomes possible. In addition, it is possible to suppress a decrease in gas concentration in the space near the alcohol detection unit in the introduction path.
As a result, the amount of gas collected by the alcohol detection unit can be increased, and the detection accuracy of alcohol contained in the gas released from the driver's skin can be improved.

(4) Further, in the drunk driving prevention apparatus of the present embodiment, the entire introduction path is always arranged below the alcohol detection unit in the vertical direction regardless of the operation state of the shift lever by the driver. .
For this reason, even when the driver is operating the shift lever and the shift position is not only in a stopped state such as the “P” range but also in a traveling state such as the “D” range, It becomes possible to reliably introduce the gas released from the skin of the driver.
Further, when the driver releases his / her hand from the grip portion, the gas present in the introduction path can be surely discharged to the outside of the introduction path.

As a result, it is possible to detect alcohol contained in the gas released from the driver's skin even after the vehicle has shifted from the stopped state to the traveling state.
Thereby, for example, even when the driver drinks in a running vehicle, it becomes possible to prevent or suppress dangerous driving.
Specifically, if the driver detects a blood alcohol concentration above a predetermined value when the vehicle is temporarily stopped by an operation such as a brake, the shift position is stopped in the “P” range or the like. Control to lock to the state.

  In addition, when the vehicle is in a running state, if the blood alcohol concentration above a predetermined value is detected from the driver, control is performed to decelerate the vehicle, such as reducing the amount of fuel supplied to the engine. Then, after the vehicle is finally stopped, the shift position is controlled to be locked in the stopped state. This is because a secondary accident such as a rear-end collision may occur if the vehicle in the running state is suddenly stopped.

(5) Moreover, in the drunk driving prevention apparatus of this embodiment, the introduction opening part is formed in the contact prediction part which the driver | operator's palm predicted to contact at the time of operation of a shift lever among the outer peripheral surfaces of a holding part. .
For this reason, the palm of the driver who operates the shift lever during the operation of the shift lever closes the introduction opening.
As a result, the amount of gas collected by the alcohol detection unit can be increased, and the detection accuracy of alcohol contained in the gas released from the driver's skin can be improved.

(6) Moreover, in the drunk driving prevention apparatus of this embodiment, the internal space includes a branch path that branches from the introduction path and connects the introduction path and the external space. Further, the branch path opening located on the outer space side of the branch path is formed above the introduction opening.
For this reason, the air flowing into the branch path from the opening located on the external space side of the branch path pushes light gas having a low specific gravity existing in the branch path and the introduction path downward by the outside air, thereby introducing the introduction opening. It becomes possible to discharge from the section to the external space.
As a result, the gas in the introduction path can be brought into a state suitable for alcohol detection, and the detection accuracy of alcohol contained in the gas released from the driver's skin can be improved.

(7) Moreover, in the drunk driving prevention apparatus of this embodiment, the introduction opening is opposed to the pressurizing direction predicted to pressurize the driver's skin in order to operate the shift lock release button in the contact predicted portion. It is formed in the opposite prediction part.
For this reason, an introductory opening part will be formed in a counter prediction site | part with a large contact area with a driver | operator's skin. This makes it possible to reliably collect gas released from the driver's skin even when the contact area between the driver's skin and the shift lock release button is small when the shift lock release button is operated. Become.

In addition, since the opposite prediction part is a place where the driver unconsciously pressurizes when operating the shift lock release button, the driver operates independently of the vehicle operation in order to detect his / her blood alcohol concentration. There is no need to do.
As a result, the blood alcohol concentration of the driver can be detected without giving a mental or physical load to the driver. In addition, the driver can be prevented from intentionally avoiding the detection of his / her blood alcohol concentration.

(8) Moreover, in the drunk driving prevention apparatus of the present embodiment, the internal space continuously extends downward to a position farther from the introduction opening than the alcohol detection unit, and connects the internal space and the external space. It has a downward extension.
For this reason, it becomes possible to discharge | emit the gas which exists in the position away from the introduction opening part rather than the alcohol detection part among internal space to external space.
As a result, the gas in the introduction path can be brought into a state suitable for alcohol detection, and the detection accuracy of alcohol contained in the gas released from the driver's skin can be improved.

(9) Moreover, the drunk driving prevention apparatus of the present embodiment includes a suction unit that sucks the gas in the internal space. Further, the suction port of the suction means is arranged in a position farther from the introduction opening than the alcohol detection part in the internal space.
For this reason, the gas discharged from the driver's skin can be forcibly introduced into the internal space. Further, the gas existing in the internal space can be forcibly discharged out of the internal space.
As a result, the gas in the introduction path can be brought into a state suitable for alcohol detection, and the detection accuracy of alcohol contained in the gas released from the driver's skin can be improved.

(10) Moreover, in the drunk driving prevention apparatus of this embodiment, the protrusion part which protrudes in the direction away from internal space is formed in the upper direction and the downward direction of an introduction opening part.
For this reason, when the shift lock release button is operated, the projecting portion comes into close contact with the driver's palm, and the driver's palm closes the introduction opening, and is formed between the introduction opening and the driver's palm. The gap that is made becomes minute.
As a result, the gas released from the driver's palm is prevented from evaporating into the space in the passenger compartment, and most of it moves to the introduction opening, so detection of alcohol contained in the gas released from the driver's skin is detected. The accuracy can be improved.
Further, since the protrusion functions as a slip stopper when the shift lever or the shift lock release button is operated, the operability of the shift lever or the shift lock release button can be improved.

(11) In the drunk driving prevention apparatus of the present embodiment, the driving operation unit is a shift lever provided in the vehicle. In addition, the introduction opening is formed in a grip portion of the shift lever that is gripped by the driver's hand.
For this reason, the driver's blood alcohol concentration is detected by performing an operation necessary for the driver to start the vehicle. This eliminates the need for the driver to perform an operation independent of the operation of the vehicle in order to detect his / her blood alcohol concentration.
As a result, the blood alcohol concentration of the driver can be detected without giving a mental or physical load to the driver. In addition, the driver can be prevented from intentionally avoiding the detection of his / her blood alcohol concentration.

(Application examples)
(1) In the drunk driving prevention apparatus of this embodiment, the case where the drunk driving prevention apparatus is provided in a vehicle has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. That is, the drunk driving prevention device may be provided in a machine other than the vehicle driven by the driver, such as a railway, a ship, an aircraft, an industrial machine, or a medical instrument.
In this case, when the ship is equipped with a drunk driving prevention device, depending on the target equipped with the drunk driving prevention device, such as forming an internal space inside the steering device and disposing an alcohol detector in this internal space, It is preferable to change the configuration of the driving prevention device.

(2) Moreover, in the drunk driving prevention apparatus of this embodiment, although the structure of internal space was set as the structure provided with the introduction path, it is not limited to this. That is, for example, as shown in FIG. 12, the configuration of the internal space 12 may be a configuration that does not include an introduction path. However, like the drunk driving prevention apparatus of the present embodiment, the configuration of the internal space is configured with an introduction path, and the gas released from the driver's skin and introduced into the internal space from the introduction opening, This is preferable because it can be surely guided to the alcohol detection unit. In addition, FIG. 12 is a figure which shows the modification of a drunk driving prevention apparatus.

(3) Moreover, in the drunk driving prevention apparatus of this embodiment, although the cross-sectional area of the introduction path was decreased as it went to the alcohol detection part from the introduction opening part, it is not limited to this. That is, for example, as shown in FIG. 13, the entire cross-sectional area of the introduction path 14 may be equal to the opening area of the introduction opening 22. However, like the drunk driving prevention device of the present embodiment, decreasing the cross-sectional area of the introduction path from the introduction opening toward the alcohol detection unit may increase the amount of gas collected by the alcohol detection unit. This is preferable because it becomes possible. In addition, FIG. 13 is a figure which shows the modification of a drunk driving prevention apparatus.

(4) Moreover, in the drunk driving prevention apparatus of this embodiment, although the cross-sectional area of the introduction path was decreased as it went to the alcohol detection part from the introduction opening part, it is not limited to this. That is, the cross-sectional area of the introduction path may be increased from the introduction opening toward the alcohol detection unit. However, like the drunk driving prevention device of the present embodiment, decreasing the cross-sectional area of the introduction path from the introduction opening toward the alcohol detection unit may increase the amount of gas collected by the alcohol detection unit. This is preferable because it becomes possible.

(5) Moreover, in the drunk driving prevention apparatus of this embodiment, although the whole introduction path is arrange | positioned so that it may become below in the vertical direction rather than an alcohol detection part irrespective of the operation state of the shift lever by a driver | operator. However, the present invention is not limited to this. That is, you may arrange | position a part of introduction path so that it may be above a alcohol detection part in the perpendicular direction irrespective of the operation state of the shift lever by a driver | operator. However, like the drunk driving prevention device of the present embodiment, the entire introduction path may be arranged vertically below the alcohol detection unit regardless of the operation state of the shift lever by the driver. This is preferable because the gas released from the gas can be reliably introduced. Further, it is preferable because when the driver releases his hand from the grip portion, the gas present in the introduction path can be surely discharged to the outside of the introduction path.

(6) Moreover, in the drunk driving prevention apparatus of this embodiment, although the structure of internal space was set as the structure provided with the branch path, it is not limited to this. That is, for example, as shown in FIG. 14, the configuration of the internal space 12 may be a configuration that does not include a branch path. However, as in the drunk driving prevention apparatus of the present embodiment, the configuration of the internal space is configured to include a branch path, and the gas having a low specific gravity present in the introduction path is pushed downward by the outside air. Therefore, it is possible to discharge from the introduction opening to the external space, which is preferable. In addition, FIG. 14 is a figure which shows the modification of a drunk driving prevention apparatus.

(7) Moreover, in the drunk driving prevention apparatus of this embodiment, although the structure of internal space was set as the structure provided with the downward extension path, it is not limited to this. That is, for example, as shown in FIG. 15, the configuration of the internal space 12 may be a configuration that does not include a downward extending path. However, like the drunk driving prevention device of the present embodiment, the configuration of the internal space is configured to include a downward extending path, and the internal space is located farther from the introduction opening than the alcohol detection unit. It is preferable because the existing gas can be discharged to the external space. In addition, FIG. 15 is a figure which shows the modification of a drunk driving prevention apparatus.

(8) Moreover, in the drunk driving prevention apparatus of this embodiment, although it is set as the structure provided with the suction means which attracts | sucks the gas of internal space, it is not limited to this, As a structure which is not provided with the suction means Good. However, like the drunk driving prevention device of the present embodiment, it is possible to forcibly introduce the gas released from the driver's skin into the internal space, with a configuration including suction means. Is preferred. In addition, it is preferable because the gas present in the internal space can be forcibly discharged out of the internal space.
In addition, when it is set as the structure which is not equipped with the suction means, the part by the side of the external space of a downward extension path may be open | released to the exterior of a vehicle, ie, the exterior of a vehicle interior, for example. You may connect to the external air discharge part with which an air conditioner is provided.

(9) Moreover, in the drunk driving prevention apparatus of the present embodiment, the protruding portion protruding in the direction away from the internal space is formed above and below the introduction opening, but is not limited thereto, The protrusion may be formed only above the introduction opening. Moreover, you may form a protrusion part over the perimeter of the introduction opening part. In short, a protrusion may be formed at least above the introduction opening in the periphery of the introduction opening.

(10) Moreover, in the drunk driving prevention apparatus of this embodiment, although the protrusion part is formed around the introduction opening part, it is not limited to this, For example, as shown in FIGS. Further, it is not necessary to form a protrusion around the introduction opening 22. However, as in the drunk driving prevention apparatus of the present embodiment, forming the protrusion around the introduction opening is formed between the introduction opening and the driver's palm when the shift lock release button is operated. This is preferable because the gap is very small.

(11) In the drunk driving prevention apparatus of the present embodiment, the case where an internal space is formed inside the shift lever and the alcohol detection unit that forms the drunk driving prevention apparatus is disposed in the internal space has been described. It is not limited to. That is, for example, as shown in FIG. 16, an alcohol detection unit (not shown) that forms an internal space (not shown) in a lever part 38 provided in the side brake 36 and forms a drunk driving prevention device in this internal space. May be arranged. In addition, FIG. 16 is a figure which shows the modification of a drunk driving prevention apparatus.
Thus, when it is set as the structure which arrange | positions an alcohol detection part in the internal space formed in the inside of the lever part 38, the introduction opening part 22 is formed in the surface arrange | positioned below among the outer peripheral surfaces of the lever part 38. FIG.

Hereinafter, the reason why the introduction opening 22 is formed on the lower outer circumferential surface of the lever portion 38 will be described.
When performing the operation of releasing the side brake 36, the driver's hand pushes the release button 40 into the inside of the lever portion 38, and moves the lever portion 38 downward about the rotation center shown in FIG. 16. ("Operation direction" shown in the figure) needs to be moved. As a result, the surface disposed below the outer peripheral surface of the lever portion 38 becomes the opposite prediction portion 26 that opposes the pressurizing direction that the driver's skin is predicted to pressurize in order to operate the lever portion 38. .

As described above, when the introduction opening 22 is formed on the lower surface of the outer peripheral surface of the lever portion 38, the driver's skin pressurizes the introduction opening 22 when the side brake 36 is released. It will be blocked.
In addition to the shift lever of the present embodiment and the above-described side brake, the target for forming the internal space for arranging the alcohol detection unit may be, for example, a steering wheel or a winker switch.

(Second embodiment)
(Constitution)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the drunk driving prevention apparatus of the present embodiment. In addition, FIG. 17 is a figure which shows a part of shift lever 1 provided with the drunk driving prevention apparatus of this embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 17, the configuration of the drunk driving prevention device of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment described above except for the configuration of the internal space 12. In FIG. 17, only the alcohol detection unit 20 of the drunk driving prevention device is illustrated for explanation.
The internal space 12 includes an introduction path 14.
The internal space 12 is a hollow portion isolated from the external space.
The introduction path 14 is a hollow portion having two inflection points 42a and 42b.
In addition, the introduction path 14 communicates the space near the alcohol detection unit 20 and the introduction opening 22 in the internal space 12.

The inflection point 42a is disposed at a position farther from the introduction opening 22 than the inflection point 42b in the introduction path 14, and is disposed above the inflection point 42b. In the introduction path 14, the space between the vicinity of the alcohol detection unit 20 and the inflection point 42 a is located from the center side of the shift lever 1 to the rear side in the vehicle front-rear direction of the shift lever 1 from the upper side to the lower side. It is inclined toward the outer peripheral surface.
The inflection point 42b is disposed between the inflection point 42a and the introduction opening 22 in the introduction path 14, and is disposed below the inflection point 42a. In the introduction path 14, the space between the inflection point 42 b and the space near the introduction opening 22 is located from the center side of the shift lever 1 to the rear side in the vehicle front-rear direction of the shift lever 1 from the upper side to the lower side. It is inclined toward the outer peripheral surface.

Further, in the introduction path 14, the inflection point 42 a and the inflection point 42 b are extended in the vertical direction, between the space near the alcohol detection unit 20 and the inflection point 42 a, and the inflection point. 42b and the space near the introduction opening 22 are inclined.
Unlike the first embodiment described above, no protruding portion is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the grip portion 4.
Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment described above.

(Operation)
Next, the operation of the drunk driving prevention apparatus will be described with reference to FIG. In the following description, the configuration other than the internal space 12, particularly the introduction path 14, is the same as that of the first embodiment described above, and therefore the description will focus on the operation of different parts.
When a driver who has boarded a vehicle parked on the road surface and is seated in the driver's seat performs an operation to start the vehicle, the engine is started and then shifted while holding the grip portion 4. The lock release button 8 is operated.
At this time, the driver's palm pressurizes the opposite prediction portion 26 to close the introduction opening 22, and the gas released from the driver's palm is suppressed from transpiration into the space in the passenger compartment, most of which is Move to the introduction opening 22.

The gas released from the palm of the driver, which has moved to the introduction opening 22, rises in temperature due to the driver's body temperature, and its specific gravity becomes lighter than the air in the internal space 12.
At this time, the gas rising in the introduction path 14 first changes the traveling direction through the inflection point 42b. Specifically, as it goes from the lower side to the upper side, it inclines with respect to this direction from the rear side in the vehicle longitudinal direction of the shift lever 1 toward the center side of the shift lever 1, and from the lower side in the vertical direction. Move in the ascending direction.

The gas that has changed the traveling direction through the inflection point 42b continues to rise in the introduction path 14, and changes the traveling direction through the inflection point 42a. Specifically, it inclines with respect to this direction from the direction rising from below in the vertical direction, and from the rear side in the vehicle longitudinal direction of the shift lever 1 toward the center side of the shift lever 1 as it goes upward from below. Move in the direction of movement.
And the gas which changed the advancing direction through the inflection point 42a moves toward the position where the alcohol detection unit 20 is disposed in the internal space 12.

When the gas released from the palm of the driver moves to the position where the alcohol detection unit 20 is disposed in the internal space 12, the alcohol detection unit 20 sends an information signal including a change in electrical resistance to the blood alcohol concentration calculation unit. Output.
Since the operation of the blood alcohol concentration calculation unit that has received the information signal including the change state of the electrical resistance and the operation of the comparison determination unit that has received the information signal including the blood alcohol concentration are the same as in the first embodiment described above, The description is omitted.

(Effect of the second embodiment)
(1) In the drunk driving prevention apparatus of the present embodiment, since the introduction path provided in the internal space has two inflection points, foreign substances such as dust are mixed into the gas introduced into the introduction path from the introduction opening. Even so, the movement of the foreign material can be suppressed by the inflection point.
As a result, it is possible to improve the detection accuracy of alcohol contained in the gas released from the driver's skin and to improve the detection accuracy of the driver's blood alcohol concentration, thus preventing drunk driving It becomes possible to do.
(Application examples)
(1) In the drunk driving prevention apparatus of the present embodiment, the configuration in which the introduction path has two inflection points has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the introduction path has one or three or more places. It is good also as a structure which has this inflection point. In short, the introduction path may be configured to have one or a plurality of inflection points.

(Third embodiment)
(Constitution)
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the configuration of the drunk driving prevention device of the present embodiment, and FIG. 18 (a) is a diagram showing the shift lever 1 provided with the drunk driving prevention device of the present embodiment, and FIG. 18 (b). FIG. 19 is a view on arrow B in FIG. In FIG. 18B, only the grip portion 4 of the shift lever 1 is illustrated for the sake of explanation.
As shown in FIG. 18, the configuration of the drunk driving prevention device of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment described above except for the configuration of the grip portion 4.

The shift lever 1 is provided with a shift lock release button 8 disposed on the side of the outer peripheral surface, specifically, on the surface on the passenger seat side.
The shift lock release button 8 is attached to the grip portion 4 via a spring (not shown) disposed inside the grip portion 4. This spring has an expansion / contraction direction as a vehicle width direction. Thereby, the operation direction of the shift lock release button 8 is set to the vehicle width direction.

Of the outer peripheral surface of the grip portion 4, an introduction opening 22 that connects an internal space (not shown) and an external space is formed on the outer peripheral surface that is located on the front side in the vehicle longitudinal direction.
The introduction opening 22 is formed in a predicted contact portion 24 that is predicted to be in contact with the skin of the driver when the shift lever 1 is operated, on the outer peripheral surface located on the front side in the vehicle longitudinal direction of the grip portion 4.
In addition, the position where the introduction opening 22 is formed in the contact prediction portion 24 is set as a pressurization prediction portion 44 that is predicted to pressurize the driver's skin in order to operate the shift lever 1.

Here, the position of the pressurization prediction region 44 will be described.
As shown in FIG. 18A, in the state where the shift position is in the “P” range, it is necessary to move the shift position to the “D” range in order to start the vehicle. For this reason, in a state where the driver operates the shift lock release button 8 while gripping the grip portion 4, the shift lever 1 is moved from the front side in the vehicle front-rear direction to the rear side in the vehicle front-rear direction (see FIG. 18A). (Direction indicated by “F”).

  At this time, the driver applies a surface to be pressed to pull the shift lever 1 out of the outer peripheral surface of the grip portion 4, that is, a front surface in the front-rear direction of the vehicle to the rear side in the front-rear direction of the vehicle. Will be pushed by. As a result, of the outer peripheral surface of the grip portion 4, a surface on the front side in the vehicle front-rear direction is predicted to be pressurized by the driver's skin in order to operate the shift lever 1. And

As shown in FIG. 18B, the range of the pressurization predicted portion 44 is near the center in the vehicle width direction on the front surface in the vehicle front-rear direction of the grip portion 4. In FIG. 18B, the range of the pressurization predicted portion 44 is indicated by a symbol “Fp”. Moreover, the upper end part of the pressurization prediction part 44 is shown as "FpA", and the lower end part of the pressurization prediction part 44 is shown as "FpB".
The upper end portion FpA of the pressurization prediction portion 44 is a portion that is predicted to be the center of the portion that the driver contacts in the surface that the driver presses to attract the shift lever 1. Thus, when the introduction opening 22 is formed in the upper end FpA of the pressurization prediction portion 44, it is predicted that the skin of the driver who operates the shift lever 1 closes the introduction opening 22.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, the position where the introduction opening 22 is formed is the upper end FpA of the pressurization predicted region 44.
Further, the lower end portion FpB of the pressurization predicting portion 44 is a portion that is predicted to be the center of the portion that the driver contacts, for example, a surface that is pressed to attract the shift lever 1 by a driver with a small hand such as a woman. It is.
In addition, unlike the first embodiment described above, no protruding portion is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the grip portion 4.
Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment described above.

(Operation)
Next, the operation of the drunk driving prevention apparatus will be described with reference to FIG. In the following description, since the configuration other than the grip portion 4, particularly the introduction opening portion 22 is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment described above, the operation of different portions will be mainly described.
When a driver who has boarded a vehicle parked on the road surface and is seated in the driver's seat performs an operation to start the vehicle, the engine is started and then shifted while holding the grip portion 4. The lock release button 8 is operated.
The driver who operates the shift lock release button 8 pulls the shift lever 1 from the front side in the vehicle front-rear direction to the rear side in the vehicle front-rear direction while holding the state where the shift lock release button 8 is operated.

At this time, since the driver's skin closes the introduction opening 22 while pressurizing the pressurization predicted portion 44, the gas released from the driver's skin is suppressed from transpiration into the space in the passenger compartment. The part moves to the introduction opening 22.
The gas released from the palm of the driver, which has moved to the introduction opening 22, rises in temperature due to the body temperature of the driver, and its specific gravity is lighter than that of the air in the internal space.
When the gas released from the palm of the driver moves to the position where the alcohol detection unit is disposed in the internal space, the alcohol detection unit outputs an information signal including a change state of the electrical resistance to the blood alcohol concentration calculation unit.
Since the operation of the blood alcohol concentration calculation unit that has received the information signal including the change state of the electrical resistance and the operation of the comparison determination unit that has received the information signal including the blood alcohol concentration are the same as in the first embodiment described above, The description is omitted.

(Effect of the third embodiment)
(1) In the drunk driving prevention apparatus of the present embodiment, the introduction opening is formed in a predicted pressure portion that predicts that the driver's skin is pressurized to operate the shift lever among the predicted contact portions. Yes.
For this reason, even when the contact area between the driver's skin and the shift lever button is small during operation of the shift lever, the gas released from the driver's skin can be reliably collected.
In addition, since the pressurization prediction part is a place where the driver unconsciously pressurizes when operating the shift lever, the driver performs an operation independent of the operation of the vehicle in order to detect his / her blood alcohol concentration. There is no need to do it.
As a result, the blood alcohol concentration of the driver can be detected without giving a mental or physical load to the driver. In addition, the driver can be prevented from intentionally avoiding the detection of his / her blood alcohol concentration.

(Application examples)
(1) Although the drunk driving prevention apparatus of the present embodiment is configured to include the drunk driving prevention apparatus on the shift lever provided in the floor shift vehicle, the present invention is not limited to this. That is, for example, as shown in FIG. 19, the shift lever 1 included in a vehicle (column shift vehicle) including the shift lever 1 attached to a steering column (not shown) may have a drunk driving prevention device. FIG. 19 is a view showing a modified example of the drunk driving prevention device, FIG. 19 (a) is a top view of the shift lever 1 provided in the column shift vehicle, and FIG. 19 (b) is FIG. 19 (a). FIG.

  When the drunk driving prevention device is provided in the shift lever 1 provided in the column shift vehicle, the introduction opening 22 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the shift lever 1 on the front side of the vehicle front-rear walking. As shown in FIG. 19B, in this modification, a plurality of introduction openings 22 are formed. This is because, among the outer peripheral surfaces of the shift lever 1, the outer peripheral surface located on the front side of the vehicle front-rear walking is a surface that is difficult to be seen by passengers of the vehicle including the driver, and therefore there are few restrictions on the design surface.

Hereinafter, the reason why the introduction opening 22 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the shift lever 1 on the front side of the front and rear walking of the vehicle will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a shift position of the shift lever 1 provided in the column shift car and an operation (“shift gate pattern” shown in the figure) associated with the movement between the shift positions.
As shown in FIG. 20, the shift lever 1 included in the column shift vehicle is rearward in the vehicle front-rear direction when the shift position is moved from the “P” range to the “D” range (see FIG. 20). 20 in the direction indicated by the symbol “F” in FIG.

Therefore, the outer peripheral surface of the outer peripheral surface of the shift lever 1 that is positioned on the front side of the vehicle front-rear walking is set as a pressurization prediction portion 44 that is predicted to pressurize the driver's skin in order to operate the shift lever 1.
Further, as a modification, for example, as shown in FIG. 21, there is a configuration provided in an engine start button 46 for starting the engine, in addition to a configuration in which a drunk driving prevention device is provided in a shift lever provided in a column shift vehicle. In addition, FIG. 21 is a figure which shows the modification of a drunk driving prevention apparatus.

The engine start button 46 is a button operated when starting a stopped engine. That is, it is a driving operation unit that needs to be operated by the driver in order to put the vehicle in a running state.
When the engine start button 46 is provided with a drunk driving prevention device, the introduction opening 22 is formed at the center of the surface of the engine start button 46 that the driver presses (pressurizes). This is because the driver who operates the engine start button 46 is predicted to pressurize the center and the periphery of the engine start button 46 with his / her finger. 21 is an arrow indicating a pressing direction in which the driver presses the engine start button 46.

Therefore, in the engine start button 46, the center and the periphery of the surface to which the driver pressurizes are set as the pressurization prediction portion 44 that the driver's skin predicts to pressurize.
Furthermore, as a modification, for example, as shown in FIG. 22, there is a configuration provided in an engine start knob 48 for starting the engine. 22 is a view showing a modification of the drunk driving prevention device, FIG. 22 (a) is a perspective view of the engine start knob 48, and FIG. 22 (b) is a B line arrow of FIG. 22 (a). FIG. In addition, an arrow R described in FIGS. 22A and 22B indicates a rotation direction in which the driver rotates the engine start knob 48 when the engine is started.

The engine start knob 48 is a knob that is operated when starting a stopped engine, and includes a base portion 48a and a rotating portion 48b.
The base portion 48a is fixed to a dash panel or the like in the vehicle compartment and supports the rotating portion 48b.
The rotating portion 48b is a columnar member that protrudes toward the driver side from the base portion 48a, and is attached to the base portion 48a so as to be relatively rotatable. Further, when starting the engine, the driver needs to hold and rotate the rotating portion 48b. That is, the engine start knob 48 is a driving operation unit that needs to be operated by the driver in order to put the vehicle in a running state.

  When the engine start knob 48 is provided with a drunk driving prevention device, the introduction opening 22 is formed from the rotation center ("P" shown in the figure) of the surface (side surface) facing the vehicle width direction of the rotation portion 48b. Is also formed on the end side. This is because the driver who operates the engine start knob 48 presses the upper end side from the rotation center of the side surface of the rotating portion 48b, and the index finger is the lower end of the side surface of the rotating portion 48b from the rotation center. This is to predict pressurizing the side. In addition, the code | symbol F shown in Fig.22 (a) is the arrow which shows the pressurization direction in which a driver | operator pressurizes the engine start knob 48. FIG.

Therefore, the part which a driver | operator pressurizes among the side surfaces of the rotation part 48b is made into the pressurization prediction part 44 which estimates that a driver | operator's skin pressurizes.
As a modified example other than the shift lever, the engine start button, and the engine start knob described above, for example, as shown in FIG. 23, there is a configuration provided in a seat buckle 52 that forms a driver's seat belt 50. FIG. 23 is a view showing a modified example of the drunk driving prevention device, FIG. 23 (a) is a perspective view of the seat belt 50, and FIG. 23 (b) is a BB line in FIG. 23 (a). It is an arrow view.

The seat belt 50 includes a belt portion 54, a seat buckle 52, an insertion portion 56, and a holding portion 58.
The seat buckle 52 connects the belt portion 54 and the insertion portion 56. When the insertion portion 56 is inserted into the holding portion 58, a grip portion that is gripped by the driver is formed.
The holding portion 58 is fixed to the passenger seat, and has a mechanism for holding the insertion portion 56 when the insertion portion 56 is inserted therein.
The seat belt 50 in the driver's seat is a component that should be used when the vehicle is running, except for vehicles permitted by law. That is, the seat buckle 52 is a driving operation unit that needs to be operated by the driver in order to put the vehicle in a running state.

When the seat belt 50 is provided with a drunk driving prevention device, the introduction opening 22 is formed on the upper side of the seat buckle 52 close to the driver seat. This is because the driver who inserts the insertion portion 56 into the holding portion 58 is predicted to pressurize at least the side close to the driver's seat on the upper surface of the seat buckle 52 with skin such as a palm. In addition, the code | symbol F shown in FIG.23 (b) is an arrow which shows the pressurization direction which pressurizes the seat buckle 52, when a driver | operator inserts the insertion part 56 in the inside of the holding | maintenance part 58. FIG.
Therefore, a portion of the upper surface of the seat buckle 52 that is pressurized by the driver is a pressurization predicted portion 44 that is predicted to be pressurized by the driver's skin.

(Fourth embodiment)
(Constitution)
Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the drunk driving prevention apparatus of the present embodiment. FIG. 24 is a view showing a part of the shift lever 1 provided with the drunk driving prevention device of the present embodiment, FIG. 24 (a) is a side view of the shift lever 1, and FIG. It is a BB line arrow directional view of Fig.24 (a).
As shown in FIG. 24, the configuration of the drunk driving prevention device of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment described above except for the configuration of the grip portion 4.
The shift lever 1 is provided with a shift lock release button 8 disposed on the side of the outer peripheral surface, specifically, on the surface on the passenger seat side.
In the present embodiment, the introduction opening 22 is formed at the center of the surface pressed (pressurized) by the driver of the shift lock release button 8. This is because it is predicted that the driver who operates the shift lock release button 8 will pressurize the center of the shift lock release button 8 and its periphery with the finger.

Therefore, the center of the surface which a driver pressurizes among the shift lock release buttons 8 and the periphery thereof are set as a pressurization predicting portion 44 which predicts that the driver's skin pressurizes.
Further, in the shift lock release button 8, an inclined portion 60 is formed around the introduction opening portion 22, which is inclined to be offset toward the internal space side as the introduction opening portion 22 is approached.
In addition, a protrusion 28 that protrudes in a direction away from the internal space is formed around the introduction opening 22.
Since the configuration other than the shift lock release button 8 is the same as that described in the third embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment described above.

(Operation)
Next, the operation of the drunk driving prevention apparatus will be described with reference to FIG. In the following description, since the configuration other than the shift lock release button 8 is substantially the same as that of the third embodiment described above, the operation of different parts will be mainly described.
When a driver who has boarded a vehicle parked on the road surface and is seated in the driver's seat performs an operation to start the vehicle, the engine is started and then shifted while holding the grip portion 4. The lock release button 8 is operated.
At this time, the driver's skin pressurizes the pressurization predicted portion 44 and pressurizes the protruding portion 28 formed around the introduction opening 22. For this reason, the protrusion 28 is in close contact with the driver's skin, and the driver's skin closes the introduction opening 22.

In addition, the driver's skin is more closely adhered to the protrusion 28 due to the inclined portion 60 formed around the introduction opening 22. As a result, the gap formed between the introduction opening 22 and the driver's skin becomes minute, and the gas released from the driver's skin is suppressed from transpiration into the space in the passenger compartment. Moves to the introduction opening 22.
The gas released from the driver's skin, which has moved to the introduction opening 22, rises in temperature due to the driver's body temperature, and its specific gravity is lighter than the air in the internal space, and therefore rises in the introduction path.

When the gas released from the driver's skin moves to the position where the alcohol detection unit is disposed in the internal space, the alcohol detection unit outputs an information signal including a change state of the electrical resistance to the blood alcohol concentration calculation unit.
Since the operation of the blood alcohol concentration calculation unit that has received the information signal including the change state of the electrical resistance and the operation of the comparison determination unit that has received the information signal including the blood alcohol concentration are the same as in the first embodiment described above, The description is omitted.

(Effect of the fourth embodiment)
(1) In the drunk driving prevention device of the present embodiment, an inclined portion that is offset and inclined toward the inner space side as the introduction opening is approached is formed around the introduction opening.
For this reason, compared with the case where the inclined portion is not formed around the introduction opening, the adhesion between the driver's skin and the protrusion is increased, and the adhesion between the driver's skin and the introduction opening is increased. To increase.
As a result, it is possible to improve the detection accuracy of alcohol contained in the gas released from the driver's skin and to improve the detection accuracy of the driver's blood alcohol concentration, thus preventing drunk driving It becomes possible to do.

(Application examples)
(1) In the drunk driving prevention apparatus of the present embodiment, the protruding portion and the inclined portion are formed around the introduction opening, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the inclined portion is provided around the introduction opening. You may form only. However, as in the drunk driving prevention apparatus of the present embodiment, the protrusion and the inclined portion are formed around the introduction opening, compared with the case where only the inclined portion is formed, and the driver's skin and the introduction. This is preferable because adhesion to the opening is increased.

(Fifth embodiment)
(Constitution)
Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the drunk driving prevention device of the present embodiment. FIG. 25 is a view showing a part of the shift lever 1 provided with the drunk driving prevention device of the present embodiment, and shows a normal state, that is, a state where the driver does not operate the shift lock release button 8. FIG.
As shown in FIG. 25, the configuration of the drunk driving prevention device of the present embodiment has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment described above except for the configuration of the protruding portion 28.

The protruding portion 28 includes a support portion 28a and a contact portion 28b.
The support portion 28a is a plate-like member disposed inside the grip portion 4, and extends in the vehicle front-rear direction. The end portion of the support portion 28a on the front side in the vehicle front-rear direction is attached to the surface of the shift lock release button 8 on the grip portion 4 side.
The contact portion 28b is formed by the end of the support portion 28a on the rear side in the vehicle front-rear direction. The contact portion 28b is housed in the grip portion 4 when the driver is not operating the shift lock release button 8.

On the other hand, in the state where the driver is operating the shift lock release button 8, the contact portion 28b faces the same as the first embodiment described above on the outer peripheral surface of the grip portion 4, as shown in FIG. It protrudes from the predicted part 26 to the rear side in the vehicle longitudinal direction. This is because when the driver operates the shift lock release button 8, the shift lock release button 8 moves rearward in the vehicle front-rear direction, and the support portion 28a attached to the grip 4 side surface of the shift lock release button 8 This is because the vehicle moves rearward in the vehicle front-rear direction. FIG. 26 is a diagram showing a part of the shift lever 1 provided with the drunk driving prevention device of the present embodiment, and shows a state during measurement, that is, a state in which the driver is operating the shift lock release button 8. FIG. In addition, the code | symbol F shown in FIG. 26 is an arrow which shows the pressing direction in which a driver | operator presses the shift lock release button 8. FIG.
The support portion 28a as described above forms a protruding portion displacing means that displaces the protruding portion 28 so as to pressurize the driver's skin in accordance with the operation of the shift lock release button 8.
Further, the contact portion 28b as described above forms a portion of the protruding portion 28 that pressurizes the driver's skin.
Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment described above.

(Operation)
Next, the operation of the drunk driving prevention apparatus will be described with reference to FIGS. 25 and 26. FIG. In the following description, since the configuration other than the protruding portion 28 is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment described above, the operation of different portions will be mainly described.
When a driver who has boarded a vehicle parked on the road surface and is seated in the driver's seat performs an operation to start the vehicle, the engine is started and then shifted while holding the grip portion 4. The lock release button 8 is operated.
When the driver operates the shift lock release button 8, the grip portion 4 side surface of the shift lock release button 8 moves the support portion 28a rearward in the vehicle front-rear direction. , Protrudes rearward in the vehicle longitudinal direction.

When the contact portion 28b protrudes rearward in the vehicle front-rear direction from the opposite prediction portion 26, the contact portion 28b is pressed against the skin of the driver who pressurizes the opposite prediction portion 26. For this reason, the driver's skin and the contact portion 28b are pressed against each other, the contact portion 28b comes into close contact with the driver's skin, and the introduction opening 22 is blocked by the driver's skin.
As a result, the gap formed between the introduction opening 22 and the driver's skin becomes minute, and the gas released from the driver's skin is suppressed from transpiration into the space in the passenger compartment. Moves to the introduction opening 22.
The gas released from the driver's skin, which has moved to the introduction opening 22, rises in temperature due to the driver's body temperature, and its specific gravity is lighter than the air in the internal space, and therefore rises in the introduction path.

When the gas released from the driver's skin moves to the position where the alcohol detection unit is disposed in the internal space, the alcohol detection unit outputs an information signal including a change state of the electrical resistance to the blood alcohol concentration calculation unit.
Since the operation of the blood alcohol concentration calculation unit that has received the information signal including the change state of the electrical resistance and the operation of the comparison determination unit that has received the information signal including the blood alcohol concentration are the same as in the first embodiment described above, The description is omitted.

(Effect of the fifth embodiment)
(1) The drunk driving prevention apparatus of the present embodiment includes a protruding portion displacing means for displacing the protruding portion so as to pressurize the driver's skin in accordance with the operation of the shift lock release button.
For this reason, when the shift lock release button is operated, which is an operation necessary to bring the vehicle into a running state, the protruding portion comes into close contact with the driver's palm, and the driver's palm closes the introduction opening. The gap formed between the introduction opening and the driver's palm is very small.
When the shift lock release button is operated, it is not necessary for the driver to perform an operation independent from the operation of the vehicle, and the blood alcohol concentration of the driver can be detected.
As a result, it is possible to improve the detection accuracy of alcohol contained in the gas released from the driver's skin, and to reduce the driver's blood alcohol concentration without giving the driver a mental or physical burden. It becomes possible to detect. In addition, the driver can be prevented from intentionally avoiding the detection of his / her blood alcohol concentration.

(Application examples)
(1) In the drunk driving prevention apparatus of the present embodiment, the configuration of the protruding portion displacing means is configured to displace the protruding portion so as to pressurize the driver's skin in accordance with the operation of the shift lock release button. However, the configuration of the protruding portion displacing means is not limited to this. That is, for example, as shown in FIGS. 27 and 28, the protrusion 28 may be displaced so as to pressurize the driver's skin in accordance with the operation of the shift lever 1. 27 and 28 are diagrams showing modifications of the present embodiment, FIG. 27 is a diagram showing the shift lever 1 in a state where the shift position is in the “P” range, and FIG. 28 is a diagram showing the shift position. It is a figure which shows the shift lever 1 of the state which is a "D" range.

  In this case, the configuration of the projecting portion displacing means is, for example, a configuration in which an actuator (not shown) is operated to move the support portion 28a rearward in the vehicle front-rear direction when the engine is started. Thereby, what is necessary is just to set it as the structure which protrudes the contact part 28b from the opposing prediction part 26 to the vehicle front-back direction back side. Further, in this case, when the shift lever 1 is operated and the shift position is set to the “D” range, the support portion 28a is moved forward in the vehicle front-rear direction by the actuator, and the contact portion 28b is accommodated in the grip portion 4. And it is sufficient. Moreover, it is good also as a structure provided with the mechanism to which the support part 28a is moved according to the inclination state etc. of the shift lever 1 other than the structure which uses an actuator.

(Sixth embodiment)
(Constitution)
Next, a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 29 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the drunk driving prevention apparatus of the present embodiment. FIG. 29 is a diagram showing a part of the shift lever 1 provided with the drunk driving prevention device of the present embodiment, and shows a normal state, that is, a state where the driver does not operate the shift lock release button 8. FIG.
As shown in FIG. 29, the configuration of the drunk driving prevention device of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment described above except for the configuration of the grip portion 4.

In the present embodiment, shielding means 62, expansion / contraction means 64, and transmission means 66 are arranged inside the grip portion 4.
The shielding means 62 includes a communication part 68 and a shielding part 70.
The communication part 68 is a cylindrical member, and the hollow part penetrates in the vehicle front-rear direction.
The shielding part 70 is a plate-like member attached above and below the communication part 68 and extends in the vertical direction. In the following description and drawings, the shielding part 70 attached above the communication part 68 is described as “shielding part 70a”, and the shielding part 70 attached below the communication part 68 is described as “shielding part 70b”. To do.

  The expansion / contraction means 64 is formed by a coil spring extending in the vertical direction, and has an upper end portion attached to the inside of the grip portion 4 and a lower end portion attached to the upper portion of the shielding portion 70a. The expansion / contraction direction of the expansion / contraction means 64 is the vertical direction. The elastic force of the expansion / contraction means 64 is an elastic force that contracts when the load applied by the transmission means 66 to the shielding means 62 decreases and pulls up the shielding means 62 upward.

The transmission unit 66 includes a transmission unit 72 and a guide unit 74.
The transmission part 72 is formed by a linear member having flexibility such as a wire, for example. One end of the transmission part 72 is attached to the surface of the shift lock release button 8 on the grip part 4 side, and the other end of the transmission part 72 is attached to the lower part of the shielding part 70b.
The guide part 74 is formed by, for example, a roller guide. Further, the guide portion 74 is in contact with the transmission portion 72 between both ends of the transmission portion 72, and the communication portion 68 is positioned below the introduction opening portion 22 in a state where the shift lock release button 8 is not operated. Place in the position to pull down.
Therefore, in a state where the shift lock release button 8 is not operated, the shielding part 70a closes the introduction opening 22 and blocks the movement of gas between the introduction opening 22 and the internal space 12.

  On the other hand, when the driver is operating the shift lock release button 8, as shown in FIG. 30, the expansion / contraction means 64 contracts, the shielding means 62 is pulled upward, and the communication portion 68 is opened. Pull up to a height of 22. This is because when the driver operates the shift lock release button 8, the tension of the transmission unit 72 decreases, and the load applied by the transmission unit 66 to the shielding unit 62 decreases. In addition, FIG. 30 is a figure which shows a part of the shift lever 1 provided with the drunk driving prevention apparatus of this embodiment, and shows the state at the time of measurement, ie, the driver operating the shift lock release button 8. FIG. Further, a symbol F shown in FIG. 30 is an arrow indicating a pressing direction in which the driver presses the shift lock release button 8.

Therefore, when the shift lock release button 8 is operated, the communication portion 68 communicates with the introduction opening 22 and the internal space 12, and gas movement between the introduction opening 22 and the internal space 12 is allowed. To do.
The shielding means 62, the expansion / contraction means 64, and the transmission means 66 as described above form a closing means that closes the introduction opening 22 in accordance with the operation of the shift lock release button 8.
Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment described above.

(Operation)
Next, the operation of the drunk driving prevention apparatus will be described with reference to FIGS. 29 and 30. FIG. In the following description, since the configuration other than the protruding portion 28 is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment described above, the operation of different portions will be mainly described.
In a state where the driver and the passenger get on the vehicle stopped on the road surface and the driver is not performing an operation for starting the vehicle, that is, in a state where the shift lock release button 8 is not operated, The shielding part 70a closes the introduction opening part 22.
For this reason, the shielding part 70a interrupts | blocks the movement of the gas between the introduction opening part 22 and the internal space 12. FIG. Accordingly, even when the passenger is drinking, it is possible to prevent the breath generated by the passenger, that is, the gas containing alcohol from entering the internal space 12.

When the driver seated in the driver's seat performs an operation for starting the vehicle, the engine is started and then the shift lock release button 8 is operated with the grip portion 4 being gripped.
At this time, since the driver's hand is closed at the introduction opening 22, it is possible to prevent the gas containing alcohol generated by the passenger from entering the internal space 12 from the introduction opening 22.
When the driver operates the shift lock release button 8, the tension of the transmission part 72 decreases and the load applied by the transmission means 66 to the shielding means 62 decreases, so that the expansion / contraction means 64 contracts and the communication part 68 is introduced. Pull up to the height of the opening 22.

When the expansion / contraction means 64 contracts and the communication portion 68 is pulled up to the height of the introduction opening 22, the movement of gas between the introduction opening 22 and the internal space 12 is allowed. For this reason, the gas released from the driver's skin moves to the introduction opening 22.
The gas released from the driver's skin, which has moved to the introduction opening 22, rises in temperature due to the driver's body temperature, and its specific gravity is lighter than the air in the internal space, and therefore rises in the introduction path.

When the gas released from the driver's skin moves to the position where the alcohol detection unit is disposed in the internal space, the alcohol detection unit outputs an information signal including a change state of the electrical resistance to the blood alcohol concentration calculation unit.
Since the operation of the blood alcohol concentration calculation unit that has received the information signal including the change state of the electrical resistance and the operation of the comparison determination unit that has received the information signal including the blood alcohol concentration are the same as in the first embodiment described above, The description is omitted.

As a result of comparing the driver's blood alcohol concentration with a predetermined value, if the driver's blood alcohol concentration is less than the predetermined value, the comparison / determination unit controls the vehicle so that it can run. For this reason, the driver moves the shift position to the “D” range or the like in order to put the vehicle in the running state.
Then, when the driver who has moved the shift position to the “D” range or the like is not operating the shift lock release button 8, the shielding portion 70 a has gas between the introduction opening 22 and the internal space 12. Will be blocked.
For this reason, it becomes possible to prevent the gas containing alcohol generated by the passenger from entering the internal space 12 when the vehicle is traveling.

(Effects of the sixth embodiment)
(1) The drunk driving prevention apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a closing unit that closes the introduction opening according to the operation of the shift lock release button.
For this reason, in the state where the driver does not operate the shift lock release button, the movement of gas between the introduction opening and the internal space is blocked, and the gas containing alcohol generated by the passenger is in the internal space. Intrusion can be prevented.
In addition, when the driver is operating the shift lock release button, gas movement between the introduction opening and the internal space is allowed, and the driver's blood alcohol concentration can be detected. Become.
As a result, it is possible to improve the detection accuracy of alcohol contained in the gas released from the driver's skin without being affected by the passenger's condition.

(Application examples)
(1) In the drunk driving prevention apparatus of the present embodiment, the closing means is configured to close the introduction opening in accordance with the operation of the shift lock release button. It is not limited. That is, for example, as shown in FIG. 31 and FIG. 32, according to the operation of the shift lever 1, the shielding unit 70 blocks or allows the movement of gas between the introduction opening 22 and the internal space 12. It is good also as a structure displaced in this way. FIGS. 31 and 32 are diagrams showing modifications of the present embodiment, FIG. 31 is a diagram showing the shift lever 1 in a state where the shift position is in the “P” range, and FIG. 32 is a diagram showing the shift position. It is a figure which shows the shift lever 1 of the state which is a "D" range.

  In this case, for example, the closing means is configured such that when the engine is started, an actuator (not shown) is actuated to move the shielding unit 70 downward. Thereby, what is necessary is just to set it as the structure which accept | permits the movement of the gas between the introduction opening part 22 and the internal space 12. FIG. Further, in this case, when the shift lever 1 is operated and the shift position is set to the “D” range, the shielding unit 70 is moved upward by the actuator. Thereby, the gas movement between the introduction opening 22 and the internal space 12 may be blocked. Moreover, it is good also as a structure provided with the mechanism to which the shielding part 70 is moved according to the inclination state etc. of the shift lever 1 other than the structure which uses an actuator.

  Further, when the closing means is configured as described above, for example, during operation of the shift lever, the shielding unit 70 is moved downward only during movement to move the shift position from the “P” range to the “R” range. You may let them. In this case, it is possible to prevent the gas containing alcohol from entering the internal space even when the vehicle is filled with a gas containing alcohol before the driver performs an operation for starting the vehicle. It becomes.

It is a figure which shows the structure of vehicle Ca provided with the drunk driving prevention apparatus of 1st embodiment of this invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a range surrounded by a circle II in FIG. 1. It is the III-III sectional view taken on the line of FIG. It is the IV-IV sectional view taken on the line of FIG. It is a figure which shows the movement state of the shift lever 1 in each shift position. It is a figure which shows the inclination state of the shift lever 1 with respect to a horizontal surface in the state where a shift position is an "N" range. It is a figure which shows the inclination state of the shift lever 1 with respect to a horizontal surface in the state where a shift position is a "P" range. It is a figure which shows the shift lever 1 in the state whose shift position is a "P" range. It is a figure which shows the direction of the force in which the driver | operator H pushes the shift lock release button 8 in the state where a shift position is a "P" range. FIG. 10 is an X-ray arrow view of FIG. 9. It is a flowchart which shows operation | movement of the drunk driving prevention apparatus 6. FIG. It is a figure which shows the modification of the drunk driving prevention apparatus of 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the modification of the drunk driving prevention apparatus of 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the modification of the drunk driving prevention apparatus of 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the modification of the drunk driving prevention apparatus of 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the modification of the drunk driving prevention apparatus of 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the shift lever 1 provided with the drunk driving prevention apparatus of 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the drunk driving prevention apparatus of 3rd embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the modification of the drunk driving prevention apparatus of 3rd embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the operation | movement accompanying the shift position of the shift lever 1 with which a column shift vehicle is provided, and the movement between each shift position. It is a figure which shows the modification of the drunk driving prevention apparatus of 3rd embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the modification of the drunk driving prevention apparatus of 3rd embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the modification of the drunk driving prevention apparatus of 3rd embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the drunk driving prevention apparatus of 4th embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the drunk driving prevention apparatus of 5th embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows a part of shift lever 1 provided with the drunk driving prevention apparatus of 5th embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the modification of the drunk driving prevention apparatus of 5th embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the modification of the drunk driving prevention apparatus of 5th embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the drunk driving prevention apparatus of 6th embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows a part of shift lever 1 provided with the drunk driving prevention apparatus of 6th embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the modification of the drunk driving prevention apparatus of 6th embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the modification of the drunk driving prevention apparatus of 6th embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shift lever 4 Gripping part 6 Drunk driving prevention device 8 Shift lock release button 12 Internal space 14 Introduction path 16 Branch path 17 Branch path opening 18 Downward extension path 20 Alcohol detection part 22 Introduction opening part 24 Contact prediction part 26 Opposite prediction Part 28 Projection part 30 Blood alcohol concentration calculation part 32 Comparison judgment part 34 Suction means 36 Side brake 38 Lever part 42 Inflection point 44 Pressurization prediction part 46 Engine start button 48 Engine start knob 50 Seat belt 52 Seat buckle 60 Inclination part 62 Shielding means 64 Telescopic means 66 Transmission means Ca Vehicle H Driver

Claims (16)

A drunk driving prevention device comprising an alcohol detection unit for detecting alcohol contained in gas released from a driver's skin,
Forming an internal space isolated from the external space inside the driving operation unit operated by the driver,
The driving operation unit is a shift lever provided in a vehicle,
The internal space is formed inside a grip portion of the shift lever that is gripped by the driver's hand,
An introduction opening that communicates the internal space and the external space is formed in a contact prediction portion that is predicted to come into contact with the driver's skin during the operation of the shift lever on the outer peripheral surface of the grip portion,
The drunk driving prevention device , wherein the alcohol detection unit is disposed above the introduction opening in the internal space . The internal space includes an introduction path for communicating the alcohol detection unit or a space near the alcohol detection unit and the introduction opening,
2. The drunk driving prevention device according to claim 1, wherein the lower surface of the introduction path is an inclined surface that continuously inclines downward from the alcohol detection unit toward the introduction opening.   The drunk driving prevention apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a cross-sectional area of the introduction path is equal to or less than an opening area of the introduction opening.   The drunk driving prevention apparatus according to claim 3, wherein a cross-sectional area of the introduction path is decreased from the introduction opening toward the alcohol detection unit.   The drunk driving prevention device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the introduction path has one or a plurality of inflection points.   6. Any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the entire introduction path is always arranged below the alcohol detection unit in a vertical direction regardless of an operation state of the driving operation unit by the driver. Or the drunk driving prevention device described in item 1. The internal space includes a branch path that branches from the introduction path and connects the introduction path and the external space;
The drunk driving prevention apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 6 , wherein a branch path opening located on the outer space side of the branch path is formed above the introduction opening. . The introduction opening, of the predicted contact portion, of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the skin of the driver during operation of the driving operation portion is formed on the predicted pressure predicted site and pressurizing The drunk driving prevention apparatus described in any one of the items . The said introduction opening part is formed in the opposing prediction site | part which opposes the pressurization direction estimated that the said driver | operator's skin pressurizes at the time of operation of the said driving operation part among the said contact prediction site | parts. The drunk driving prevention apparatus described in any one of 1 to 8 . The internal space includes a downward extending path extending continuously downward at a position farther from the introduction opening than the alcohol detection part,
The drunk driving prevention device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 , wherein the downward extension path allows the internal space and the external space to communicate with each other. Comprising suction means for sucking the gas in the internal space;
The drinking according to any one of claims 1 to 10 , wherein the suction port of the suction means is disposed at a position farther from the introduction opening than the alcohol detection part in the internal space. Driving prevention device. The drinking according to any one of claims 1 to 11 , wherein an inclined portion is provided around the introduction opening and is inclined to be offset toward the inner space as the introduction opening is approached. Driving prevention device. The drinking according to any one of claims 1 to 12 , wherein a protrusion that protrudes in a direction away from the internal space is provided at least above the introduction opening in the periphery of the introduction opening. Driving prevention device. 14. The drunk driving prevention apparatus according to claim 13 , further comprising projecting portion displacing means for displacing the projecting portion so as to pressurize the driver's skin in accordance with an operation of the driving operation unit. The drunk driving prevention apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 14 , further comprising a closing unit that closes the introduction opening according to an operation of the driving operation unit. A drunk driving factor substance collecting method for collecting alcohol contained in gas released from a driver's skin,
Forming an internal space isolated from the external space inside the driving operation unit operated by the driver,
The driving operation unit is a shift lever provided in a vehicle,
The internal space is formed inside a grip portion of the shift lever that is gripped by the driver's hand,
An introduction opening that communicates the internal space and the external space is formed in a contact prediction portion that is predicted to come into contact with the driver's skin during the operation of the shift lever on the outer peripheral surface of the grip portion,
A method for collecting drunk driving factor substances, wherein alcohol contained in the gas is collected by an alcohol detector disposed above the introduction opening in the internal space.

Images