JP5290241B2 - Hydroponic cultivation equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation apparatus, and more particularly, to a hydroponic cultivation apparatus in which a culture medium for crop cultivation is poured into a cultivation tank and the nutrients in the culture liquid are fed from the roots to grow the crop.

In the nutrient solution cultivation apparatus used for the nutrient solution cultivation performed by circulating the culture solution in the cultivation tank, when supplying the culture solution into the cultivation tank, a liquid supply port is arranged at one end of the cultivation tank, and the drainage is discharged at the other end. The method of arranging the mouth is generally employed, but as the cultivation scale increases, the length of the cultivation tank tends to become very long in one direction.
On the other hand, in the case of hydroponically cultivating crops that grow in a short period of time, such as leaf vegetables, cultivation using a long-length cultivation tank and a cultivation floor panel made of lightweight materials such as foamed styrene, etc. There is a cultivation method in which a floor panel is harvested at its final position while moving from one end side to the other end side while floating in a long cultivation tank (Patent Document 1 below).

JP 2004-344086 A

In the cultivation method and apparatus as shown in the hydroponic cultivation method and apparatus of Patent Document 1, since it is a floating floor moving type, labor saving can be achieved, and the path for cultivation work and the like are omitted. There are merits such as being able to install many cultivation tanks.
However, when the cultivation tank becomes long, the distance from the liquid supply port to the drainage port becomes long, and accordingly, the temperature of the culture solution in the longitudinal direction of the cultivation tank, dissolved oxygen concentration, fertilizer concentration, etc. There was a problem that a large growth difference occurred.
Moreover, in order to eliminate the problem of unevenness of the above cultivation conditions, a method of increasing the amount of liquid supply to the cultivation tank or installing a temperature control device in the cultivation tank has been taken. It was not a drastic solution because it only required a lot of running costs.
Furthermore, in the case of floating culture cultivation with floating cultivation floor, the roots of the crop absorb oxygen from the air because all the roots of the crop are immersed in the culture liquid because the cultivation floor is in contact with the culture liquid surface. There was a problem that it was not possible to carry out and it was easy to produce the growth failure by lack of oxygen.

  Therefore, the present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems of hydroponics, no matter how long the culture tank for hydroponics grows, it can maintain the uniformity of the culture conditions and the accompanying culture conditions, To provide a hydroponic cultivation device that can reliably prevent the roots of crops from becoming oxygen-deficient even in hydroponic cultivation in which the cultivation floor is moved above the liquid level of the cultivation tank. Let it be an issue.

The hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention includes at least a cultivation tank for flowing a culture solution for crop cultivation and a plurality of cultivation beds arranged in the cultivation tank, and moves the cultivation bed in the longitudinal direction of the cultivation tank. It is a hydroponic cultivation apparatus adapted to harvest the crop grown at the movement end position, and the flow direction of the culture solution is relative to the longitudinal direction of the cultivation tank that is the movement direction of the cultivation bed configured such that the short direction, planted培床, together constituting the positioned such gaps occur between the normal cultivation water level of the culture fluid flowing and its floor surface cultivation tank, the movement of the cultivation bed In some cases, the first feature is that the cultivation bed is movably floated on the culture liquid level by selecting a moving water level set higher than the normal cultivation water level.
The hydroponic apparatus of the present invention, the addition to the first feature, protrudes from the inner wall of both sides along the longitudinal direction of the culture tank to the rail-like, planting培床when the water level of the culture solution is in the normal cultivation water level A second feature is that floor support rails are provided to support and place both sides of the lower surface of the underside of the underside.
Moreover, in addition to the said 1st or 2nd characteristic, the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of this invention has the liquid supply port which supplies a culture solution in a cultivation tank in multiple numbers by the fixed interval on the one side along the longitudinal direction of a cultivation tank. A third feature is that a plurality of drainage ports for discharging the culture medium from the cultivation tank are arranged at regular intervals on the other side along the longitudinal direction of the cultivation tank.
Further, in addition to any one of the first to third features, the nutrient solution cultivation apparatus of the present invention obtains the normal cultivation water level by a configuration in which the drainage port is opened, and the moving water level is the drainage port. A fourth feature is that a part or all of the culture solution is closed and the increased culture solution is drained from an overflow port provided in the cultivation tank.

According to the hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, the cultivation tank is provided with at least a cultivation tank for flowing a cultivation liquid for crop cultivation and a plurality of cultivation beds arranged in the cultivation tank, and the cultivation bed is provided as the cultivation tank. It is a hydroponic cultivation apparatus that harvests the crop grown at the movement end position by moving in the longitudinal direction of the cultivation tank, and the flow direction of the culture solution is the movement direction of the cultivation bed Since it is configured to be shorter than the longitudinal direction,
About a cultivation floor, as the growth of a crop advances like the past, it can be moved in the cultivation tank in the longitudinal direction toward the movement termination position. Therefore, since the worker only needs to harvest from the cultivation floor that has moved at the end position of the cultivation tank, it is possible to save labor and to install many cultivation tanks instead of providing a passage for cultivation work, etc. .
In addition, the culture solution does not flow long in the longitudinal direction of the cultivation tank, but flows in a substantially short direction, so that all the supplied culture solution does not stay in the cultivation tank for a long time, that is, Prevents the concentration, temperature, and dissolved oxygen content of the culture solution from changing significantly during the stay, maintains the properties of the culture solution at the time of feeding sufficiently throughout the cultivation tank, and Can act on crops in a homogeneous state. Therefore, it is possible to grow the crop in a uniform and high quality.

In addition, the cultivation floor is configured so that a gap is generated between the lower surface of the floor and the normal cultivation water level of the culture solution flowing in the cultivation tank, and when the cultivation floor is moved, the cultivation floor is more than the normal cultivation water level. By selecting the water level for movement set high, so that the cultivation bed is configured to float on the culture liquid level,
At the normal cultivation water level, the bottom surface of the cultivation floor is located on the culture liquid surface via a gap, so that the roots extending downward from the bottom surface of the cultivation bed can always be exposed to the air. Therefore, the root can be surely protected from failure due to lack of oxygen.
Moreover, at the time of moving the cultivation bed, by selecting the water level for movement, the liquid level of the culture solution can be raised only during that time, and the cultivation bed can be floated on the culture solution level to be movable. Therefore, for example, when it is desired to add a newly cultivated floor to a cultivation tank, the water level for movement is selected and the water level is raised at that time, and one existing cultivated floor at the additional position is directed in the longitudinal direction. By pushing and moving, the remaining cultivation floor can be propagated one after another and moved very easily. The operator can harvest at the end position of the cultivation tank, and can save labor and omit the cultivation work passage.

According to the hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 2 , in addition to the operational effects of the configuration of claim 1 , the liquid level protrudes from the inner walls on both sides along the longitudinal direction of the cultivation tank so that the water level of the culture solution is normally cultivated. Post supports from below the lower surface sides of the planting培床when in the water level, because with a floor receiving rail,
In the normal cultivation water level where the water level is low, the cultivation floor is placed on the floor receiving rail of the cultivation tank at both sides of the lower surface. At the same time, it is placed with a space between the liquid surface of the culture solution. As a result, the cultivation floor is placed in a stable state in the cultivation tank, and the roots extending downward from the lower surface of the cultivation tank are immersed in the culture solution while being partially exposed to the air to stably absorb nutrients and oxygen Can do.
In addition, the floor receiving rail that light is inserted into the culture liquid surface in the cultivation tank by being placed on the floor receiving rail protruding in a rail shape from the inner walls on both sides along the longitudinal direction of the cultivation tank. It can be prevented by the contact surface with the cultivation floor. This eliminates the problem of algae growing in the culture solution.

According to nutriculture device according to claim 3, in addition to the effects by the configuration described in claim 1 or 2, a liquid supply port for supplying the culture solution into culture tank, longitudinal cultivation tray Since a plurality of drain outlets for discharging the culture solution from the inside of the cultivation tank are arranged at regular intervals on one side along the line, the other side along the longitudinal direction of the cultivation tank is arranged at regular intervals.
The culture solution flows into the cultivation tank from the liquid supply ports arranged at regular intervals on one side along the longitudinal direction of the cultivation tank, and mainly flows out from the nearby drainage ports to the outside of the cultivation tank. Thereby, the culture solution can be surely flowed substantially in the short direction at each point in the longitudinal direction of the cultivation tank, and a homogeneous flow with little liquid quality difference at each point can be obtained.

According to the hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 4 , in addition to the operational effect of the configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , the normal cultivation water level is obtained by a configuration in which the drainage port is opened, and water for movement is used. Since the position was obtained by a configuration in which part or all of the drainage port was closed and the increased culture solution was drained from the overflow port provided in the cultivation tank.
During normal cultivation, the normal cultivation water level can be obtained easily and stably by opening the drainage port. Therefore, stable cultivation can be performed.
Moreover, when moving a cultivation bed, the water level of a culture solution can be easily raised to the water level for a movement by closing a drainage port and draining from an overflow port. Thereby, when necessary, the cultivation tank can be moved in a state where it is floated on the liquid surface reliably and easily.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention, (A) is the whole general | schematic top view which shows the state which has not arrange | positioned the cultivation floor, (B) is a top view explaining how to arrange | position a cultivation floor to a cultivation tank. It is. In the cross-sectional block diagram of the nutrient solution cultivation apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention, the state which has the water level of a culture solution in a normal cultivation water level is shown. In the cross-sectional block diagram of the nutrient solution cultivation apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention, the state which has the water level of a culture solution in the water level for a movement is shown. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the floor receiving rail of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

  With reference to the following drawings, a hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described to provide an understanding of the present invention. However, the following description does not limit the invention described in the claims of the present invention.

  With reference to FIGS. 1-4, the hydroponic cultivation apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention has the cultivation tank 10 and the cultivation floor 20 arrange | positioned at this cultivation tank 10, and installs the cultivation tank 10 in addition to this. A basic frame 30, a liquid supply pipe 40, a drain pipe 50, and the like.

The said cultivation tank 10 is a tank for flowing the culture solution for crop cultivation, and consists of a tank extended long in one direction in embodiment which concerns on this invention.
By arranging a plurality of lightweight cultivation floors 20 on the cultivation tank 10, the roots of the crops planted in the cultivation tank 20 extend to the culture solution flowing in the cultivation vessel 10 and absorb nutrients from the culture solution. Can grow.
Each cultivation floor 20 arranged in the cultivation tank 10 is moved in the longitudinal direction from one end side to the other end side with the growth of the crops planted there, and harvested at the end of movement.

The cultivation tank 10 is a tank installed on the basic frame 30 and has both side walls 11 and 12 configured to extend long with one direction as a longitudinal direction, a front wall 13, a rear wall 14, and a bottom wall. 15. The constituent material is plastic, but metal or other materials can be used.
A plurality of liquid supply ports 41, 41... Are arranged at regular intervals along the inside of the side wall 11 on one side of the both side walls 11, 12 in the longitudinal direction of the cultivation tank 10. The mounting pitch of the liquid supply ports 41 can be set in the range of 50 cm to 5 m, for example. The number of the liquid supply ports 41 and the interval between the liquid supply ports 41 can be freely changed according to the length of the cultivation tank 10, the type of the cultivated crop, the type of the culture solution, and other conditions.
The liquid supply pipe 40 is guided from the outside of the cultivation tank 10 to the inside of the cultivation tank 10 and is provided to extend in the longitudinal direction along the inside of the side wall 11 on the one side, and a plurality of liquid supply ports 41 are arranged in the middle thereof. doing.
The height position in the liquid supply pipe 40 and the culture tank 10 of the liquid supply ports 41, a position below the water level L _m for normal growing level L _s and move below the arrangement of cultivation bed 20 Anyway It is arranged so that it is hidden below the position.
By arrange | positioning the water supply pipe | tube 40 so that it may be hidden under the cultivation floor 20 in the cultivation tank 10, it suppresses that the temperature of the culture solution which flows through the inside of the water supply pipe | tube 40 changes easily with external sunlight and other conditions. be able to.

The normal cultivation water level L _s is a normal water level where crops are cultivated, and substantially all cultivation periods except when the water level of the cultivation tank 10 is set to the moving water level L _m are the normal cultivation levels. The cultivation water level L _{s is} assumed.
The water level during the movement L _m, only when moving the cultivation bed 20 the culture tank 10 upward in the longitudinal direction, which is temporarily used water level. This movement when water level L _m, during the cultivation period, are employed intermittently.

A plurality of drainage ports 51, 51,. Is arranged. The mounting pitch of the drain ports 51 can be in the range of 50 cm to 5 m, for example, as in the case of the liquid supply ports 41. The position of the drainage port 51 does not necessarily have to be directly opposite to the liquid supply port 41. In the present embodiment, the position of each drainage port 51 is provided at a position shifted by about a half pitch from the position of each liquid supply port 41. Of course, the number of drain ports 51 and the interval between the drain ports 51 can be freely changed according to the length of the cultivation tank 10, the type of cultivated crop, the type of culture solution, and other conditions. The number of liquid supply ports 41 is not necessarily the same.
The culture fluid that has flowed into the cultivation tank 10 from each liquid supply port 41 is mainly a drainage port close to the liquid supply port 41 among the drainage ports 51 of the other side wall 12 opposite to the liquid supply port 41. It flows toward 51 and flows out from the drainage port 51, that is, is discharged out of the cultivation tank 10.
Therefore, the culture solution that has flowed into the cultivation tank 10 from the respective liquid supply ports 41 in the longitudinal direction of the cultivation tank 10 flows in a substantially short direction with respect to the longitudinal direction of the cultivation tank 10 with a short flow length, and the nearby drainage liquid. It will enter the mouth 51 and be discharged. For this reason, it prevents that all the culture solution supplied stays in a cultivation tank for a long time, and the density | concentration, temperature, dissolved oxygen amount, or water level of a culture solution are large in the longitudinal direction in the cultivation tank 10. It can be prevented from changing. As a result, a uniform and fresh culture solution can be supplied to the crop throughout the cultivation tank 10. Therefore, the crop can always be grown in a uniform and good quality.

  In addition, in the above, the “short direction” refers to a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the cultivation tank 10, but includes a diagonal direction. Here, the oblique direction is preferably within a range of 45 degrees to the right and left directions, but can be within a range of 60 degrees to the right and left directions. Considering the case where the longitudinal direction of the cultivation tank 10 is sufficiently long with respect to the short direction, even if the culture solution does not flow in a direction just perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, within a range of 45 degrees with respect to the perpendicular direction. In the case of flow, the distance through which the culture solution actually flows is sufficiently shorter than that in the longitudinal direction. Furthermore, when the cultivation tank 10 is very long in the longitudinal direction and sufficiently short in the short direction, the culture solution is actually used even if it flows within a range of 60 degrees with respect to the perpendicular direction. The distance of the flow is sufficiently shorter than the longitudinal direction. Therefore, even when the culture solution flows in an oblique direction with respect to the longitudinal direction, it can be said that the culture solution substantially flows in the short direction.

The height position of the in the culture tank 10 of the drain port 51 is coincident with the normal cultivation water level L _s. That is, the normal cultivation water level L _s is determined by the height of each drainage port 51.
Each drainage port 51 is led out of the cultivation tank 10 from the bottom wall 15 of the cultivation tank 10 and connected to a drainage pipe 50 passing under the cultivation tank 10.
The drainage pipe 50 is provided with a drainage valve 52, and when the drainage valve 52 is closed, drainage from each drainage port 51 is stopped. Further, by draining valve 52 is opened, is performed drainage from drain port 51, the water level of the culture solution in cultivation bath 10 is adjusted to a normal cultivation water level L _s. Of course, the closing of the drainage port 51 by the drainage valve 52 may be part of the plurality of drainage ports 51. This is because the water level only needs to rise to the moving water level L _m by closing a part of the drainage port 51.

An overflow pipe 60 is connected to the drain pipe 50 at a position downstream of the drain valve 52, and an overflow port 61 opens into the cultivation tank 10.
The height position of the cultivation tank 10 overflows opening 61 is consistent with the water level L _m for at the mobile. That is, the moving water level L _m is determined by the height of the overflow port 61.
The overflow port 61 is provided in the vicinity of the front wall 13 of the cultivation tank 10 in this embodiment. Of course, a plurality of overflow ports 61 may be provided dispersed in the cultivation tank 10. However, when the cultivation floor 20 moves, it is necessary to provide it at a position where the floor lower surface 21 and the like of the cultivation floor 20 do not get in the way.

The cultivation floor 20 is arranged near the opening at the upper edge of the cultivation tank 10. The cultivation floor 20 is placed in a normal state. However, when the cultivation floor 20 is moved, it floats on the culture liquid surface. Therefore, it is made of a material that can float in the culture medium. In this embodiment, it is made of foamed polystyrene.
The cultivation floor 20 is configured such that its width is slightly shorter than the dimension between both side walls 11 and 12 of the cultivation tank 10, while the longitudinal dimension is the number of cultivation crops per cultivation bed 20, or other Appropriate dimensions can be obtained according to conditions. The panel is configured to be rectangular as a whole. Moreover, thickness can be made into the dimension suitable for growing according to the kind of cultivation crop.

Cultivating flooring 20 is usually, that is, when the cultivation in ordinary cultivation water level L _s is taking place, is a state of being placed on the culture tank 10. And it is configured to gap S is formed between the in mounted state with underfloor surface 21 of the cultivation bed 20 and the normal cultivation water level L _s.
The cultivation floor 20 is placed by supporting both edges of the lower surface 21 of the cultivation floor 20 from below by the floor receiving rails 70 provided in the cultivation tank 20.
The said floor receiving rail 70 is comprised so that the floor receiving part 71 may protrude horizontally from the inner wall of the both-side walls 11 and 12 along the longitudinal direction of the cultivation tank 10. As shown in FIG. As a result, both edge portions of the floor lower surface 21 of each cultivation floor 20 are placed in contact with the floor receiving portion 71 of the floor receiving rail 70 and held in a horizontal state.
In a state where both edges of the floor lower surface 21 of the cultivation floor 20 are placed on the floor receiving portion 71 of the floor receiving rail 70, the cultivation floor 20 serves as a lid of the cultivation tank 10, and light is Entering the inside from between the cultivation floor 20 is prevented.

The floor receiving rail 70 is a member on a long rail having a cross section as shown in FIG. 4, and includes a mounting portion 72 in addition to the floor receiving portion 71. The attachment part 72 is provided with elasticity, and the floor support rail 70 is attached by fitting the attachment part 72 so as to cover the upper ends of the side walls 11 and 12 of the cultivation tank 10. In a state in which the bed receiving rail 70 is attached to the culture tank 10, the position becomes the position slightly above the normal cultivation water level L _s to the floor receiving 71, the gap S is formed therebetween.

With reference to FIG. 1 (B), the cultivation floor 20 is arranged side by side in the longitudinal direction of the cultivation tank 10. The cultivation floor 20a that has finished the planting of the crop at the position deviated from the cultivation tank 10 (the position where the crop is planted on the cultivation floor 20) is the initial transfer position of the cultivation floor 20 to the cultivation tank 10 (in this embodiment, the cultivation tank 10). At the top position) of the cultivation tank 10. The cultivation floor 20b relocated and arranged in the cultivation tank 10 at the initial position of relocation is then moved toward the movement end position in the longitudinal direction of the cultivation tank 10 in accordance with the growth of the crop. In the cultivation floor 20c moved to the moving end position (in this embodiment, the rear end position of the cultivation tank 10), the crop grows and is in a state suitable for harvesting. Remove from tank 10 and harvest crop.
Movement of the cultivation tray 20, for example at the time of the harvest already cultivated bed 20c is removed from the culture tank 10 by the movement end position of the cultivation tray 10, raising the water level in the culture tank 20 to move when water level L _m, culture tank 10 All the cultivation beds 20 arranged inside are floated on the culture solution, and each cultivation bed 20 is moved by the amount of the cultivation beds 20 removed from the cultivation tank 10.
When each cultivation bed 20 arranged in the cultivation tank 10 is moved toward the movement end position in the longitudinal direction, the cultivation floor 20 relocation initial position at the head position of the cultivation tank 10 is vacant. A new cultivation floor 20b can be moved to the position.
In this way, when the cultivation floor 20 after harvesting is removed at the movement end position, the cultivation floor 20 is arranged on the cultivation tank 10 without a gap by moving the new cultivation floor 20 to the transfer initial position. A continuous harvest can be obtained by moving the cultivation floor 20 in the longitudinal direction of the cultivation tank 10.
In FIG. 1B, the fixed panel 80 is disposed on a portion of the cultivation tank 10 where the overflow port 61 is located so that the overflow port 61 is not blocked by the cultivation floor 20.

Figure 2 shows a state in which the culture tank 10 is in the normal cultivation water level L _s. This state can be obtained by opening the drainage valve 52. The crop on the cultivation floor 20 placed on the cultivation tank 10 is grown in this state. At the normal cultivation water level L _s , the culture solution supplied from each liquid supply port 41 flows through a short distance in the short direction instead of the longitudinal direction of the cultivation tank 10 and is discharged from the nearby drainage port 51. Further, at the normal cultivation water level L _s , the cultivation floor 20 is held in a state of being placed on the floor receiving rail 70, and the floor lower surface 21 of the cultivation floor 20 is positioned above the liquid level, with a gap therebetween. S exists.
Figure 3 shows a state in which the culture tank 10 in the water level L _m for time movement. This state can be obtained by closing the drain valve 52 to stop draining from the drain port 51 and raising the water level to the overflow port 61 position. The mobile water level L _m for time is used when moving the cultivation bed 20. Therefore, timing of the movement during water level L _m is selected is intermittently selected during the entire growing season, time during the movement when water level L _m selected short and moving water level selection time as a whole It can be said that the time is very short compared to the whole cultivation period.

  The present invention can be industrially used as an apparatus for hydroponics.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Cultivation tank 11 Side wall 12 Side wall 13 Front wall 14 Rear wall 15 Bottom wall 20 Cultivated floor 20a Cultivated floor 20b Cultivated floor 20c Cultivated floor 21 Floor bottom surface 30 Base frame 40 Supply pipe 41 Supply port 50 Drain pipe 51 Drain port 52 Drain valve 60 Overflow pipe 61 Overflow port 70 Floor receiving rail 71 Floor receiving part 72 Mounting part 80 Fixed panel L _s Normal cultivation water level L _m Water level for movement S Air gap

Claims (4)

At least a cultivation tank for flowing a culture solution for crop cultivation and a plurality of cultivation beds arranged in the cultivation tank, and moving the cultivation bed in the longitudinal direction of the cultivation tank, A hydroponic cultivation apparatus for harvesting grown crops, wherein the flow direction of the culture solution is configured to be shorter than the longitudinal direction of the cultivation tank, which is the moving direction of the cultivation bed. The cultivation floor is configured so that a gap is generated between the bottom surface of the cultivation floor and the normal cultivation water level of the culture solution flowing in the cultivation tank, and is set higher than the normal cultivation water level when the cultivation floor is moved. A hydroponic cultivation apparatus configured to float the cultivation bed so as to be movable on the culture liquid surface by selecting the water level for movement . Providing a floor support rail that protrudes from the inner wall on both sides along the longitudinal direction of the cultivation tank, and supports and supports both sides of the lower surface of the cultivation floor from below when the water level of the culture solution is at the normal cultivation water level The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein A plurality of liquid supply ports for supplying the culture solution into the cultivation tank are arranged at regular intervals on one side along the longitudinal direction of the cultivation tank, and a drainage port for discharging the culture solution from the cultivation tank is provided in the longitudinal direction of the cultivation tank. The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the liquid cultivation apparatuses are arranged at regular intervals on the other side along the direction . The normal cultivation water level is obtained by opening the drainage outlet, and the moving water level is closed when all or part of the drainage outlet is closed and the increased culture fluid is drained from the overflow outlet provided in the cultivation tank. The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the apparatus is obtained by a liquefying configuration .

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