JP5285290B2 - Excavator and forward exploration method of face - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for exploring the front of a working face, etc. for grasping the foundation ground properties and different strata and buried objects in front of excavation under soft ground using a shield machine or the like.

  Until now, the method of exploring the front of the face used for mountain tunnels is to excite P waves (also called primary waves, longitudinal waves, and sparse waves) using gunpowder, explosives, or pile hits, and use a three-component seismometer, etc. Analyzing data from machine information of drilling machines such as elastic wave reflection method exploration (for example, see Patent Document 1) and rotary percussion drills and hydraulic rock drills for advanced boring to determine the geological situation Methods such as drilling logging have been used.

JP-A-5-248175

  However, since the urban ground to which the shield machine is applied is soft and has a great influence on the surroundings, it is impossible to perform forward exploration with conventional destruction. In addition, because there are many places with high groundwater levels in urban ground, even if P-wave exploration is performed, P-waves that have propagated in water are detected on ground that has a lower speed than the P-wave velocity that travels in groundwater. However, effective underground structure surveys may be difficult, and there is a problem that a proper reflected wave cannot be obtained by P-wave exploration.

  For this reason, S waves (also called secondary waves, transverse waves, torsion waves, flexural waves, shear waves) that propagate only in solids and are not affected by groundwater are not affected by the ground and are not affected. It oscillates and is being investigated for use in ground exploration.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems. The object of the present invention is to generate an S wave in a manner that has little influence on the surroundings without destroying the ground, and to search forward of the tunnel face. Is to provide a method.

In order to achieve the above-described object, the first invention is an excavator having a skin plate on a side portion and a cutter face on a front portion, and an oscillation portion and a vibration receiving portion are provided on the cutter face. The oscillating unit includes a tube and an oscillator having a giant magnetostrictive element crimped in the tube, and the oscillating unit and the vibration receiving unit can be inserted into a front face, The oscillator includes the vibrator having the giant magnetostrictive element connected to a crimping portion via a rod, and a movable arm that is crimped to the tube is provided in the crimping portion, and the movable arm is connected to the crimping portion. a excavator characterized by freely der Rukoto protrude from.

A second invention is an excavator having a skin plate on a side portion and a cutter face on a front portion, wherein the cutter face is provided with an oscillating portion, the skin plate is provided with a vibration receiving portion, The oscillator includes a tube and an oscillator having a giant magnetostrictive element crimped in the tube, and the oscillator has the transducer having the giant magnetostrictive element connected to the crimping portion via a rod, and the crimping is performed. parts movable arm which is crimped to the pipe is provided on a excavator said movable arm and said freely der Rukoto protruding from the crimping unit.

  The excavator is preferably a shield machine or a tunnel boring machine.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for performing forward exploration of a face using the excavator according to claim 1 or 3 , wherein the pipe is penetrated in front of a tunnel face and the oscillator is inserted into the pipe. Moving the movable arm to the position, extending the movable arm from the crimping portion, fixing the oscillator in the pipe, and installing the oscillating portion and the vibration receiving portion on the face ahead of the tunnel excavation direction; and the oscillating portion And generating a S wave, receiving the S wave reflected from the stratum interface in front of the face by the receiving unit, analyzing the received S wave, and geology of the natural ground in front of the face And a step of exploring the structure.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for performing forward exploration of a face using the excavator according to claim 2 or 3 , wherein the pipe is penetrated in front of a tunnel face and the oscillator is inserted into the pipe. The movable arm is extended from the crimping part, the oscillator is fixed in the pipe, the oscillating part is installed on the face in front of the tunnel excavation direction, and the vibration is received on the face in the excavation direction side. A step of oscillating the oscillating unit to generate an S wave, a step of receiving an S wave reflected from a boundary surface in front of the face by the receiving unit, and a step of receiving the received S wave. Analyzing the geological structure of the natural ground in front of the face, and a method for exploring the front of the face.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a forward exploration method for a tunnel face that generates an S wave by a method having little influence on the surroundings without destroying the ground.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

The shield machine 1 according to the first embodiment will be described.
1A is a perspective view of the shield machine 1, FIG. 1B is a front view of the shield machine 1, FIG. 1C is a right side view of the shield machine 1, and FIG. ) Is a diagram showing a configuration of forward search by the shield machine 1.

  As shown in FIG. 1A, the shield machine 1 includes a cutter face 7 and a skin plate 9, and the cutter face 7 is provided with an oscillation unit 3 and a vibration receiving unit 5.

  As shown in FIG. 1B, the oscillating units 3 and the vibration receiving units 5 are alternately arranged on the cutter face 7 so as to form a cross. This is for receiving reflected waves from various directions.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG.1 (c), it is provided in the front face of the tunnel excavation direction of the shield machine 1 so that the oscillation part 3 and the vibration receiving part 5 may protrude. Further, the oscillating unit 3 and the vibration receiving unit 5 can be inserted into the front face.

  A forward search method using the shield machine 1 will be described. Excavation is performed by the cutter face 7 to form a tunnel 10. At the time of excavation, the oscillation unit 3 and the vibration receiving unit 5 are accommodated in the shield machine 1 and are not exposed on the cutter face 7. When excavating a certain distance, the shield machine 1 interrupts excavation and installs a segment in the excavated tunnel 10. During the segment installation, a tube 22 and the like which will be described later are formed from the cutter face 7 to the front of the tunnel face, and the oscillation unit 3 and the vibration receiving unit 5 are provided as shown in FIG.

  The S wave 11 is oscillated from a certain oscillating unit 3, and the wave reflected by the crush band 12 is received by the plurality of receiving units 5. Further, an S wave 11 is generated from another oscillating unit 3, and the reflected wave is received by a plurality of receiving units 5. In the elastic wave reflection method, the boundary of the velocity layer can be detected, and it is possible to detect formations and objects such as the crush zone 12, sand layers, earthen stones, and buried objects that are considered to adversely affect tunnel excavation.

  After completion of the forward exploration, the oscillating unit 3 and the vibration receiving unit 5 are housed in the shield machine 1 to prepare for the next excavation. After the installation of the segment and the forward exploration are completed, excavation of the tunnel 10 is started again by the cutter face 7. The tunnel 10 is excavated while repeating these excavation cycles.

  In addition, when a stratum or an object that adversely affects tunnel excavation is detected by forward exploration, measures such as improvement of the front ground or replacement of a cutter may be taken.

  Next, the oscillation unit 3 will be described. A schematic diagram of a cross section of the oscillating portion 3 in the major axis direction is shown in FIG. The oscillating unit 3 includes a tube 22 penetrating from the cutter face 7 and an oscillator 13 that is crimped into the tube 22.

  A schematic diagram of a cross section of the oscillator 13 in the major axis direction is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, in the oscillator 13, the vibrator 15 is connected to the crimping portion 17 via the rod 21. The crimping portion 17 has a movable arm 19 for crimping the tube 22.

  The vibrator 15 is connected to an external power source (not shown) by a cable 25 and reciprocates the rod 21 at a predetermined frequency. For example, the oscillator 13 oscillates a sweep waveform at a frequency from 10 Hz to 1000 Hz or from 100 Hz to 3000 Hz.

  The crimping portion 17 includes a movable arm 19, and the hydraulic pressure transmission hose 23 transmits pressure generated by an external hydraulic pressure generator (not shown), and the movable arm 19 protrudes from the crimping portion 17. Further, when the pressure of the hydraulic pressure generator is weakened, the movable arm 19 returns to the crimping portion 17. The movable arm 19 can protrude from the crimping portion 17.

  FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a cross section of the vibrator 15. The giant magnetostrictive element 27 is placed in the coil 29, and the permanent magnet 31 covers the coil 29. The giant magnetostrictive element 27 is connected to the rod 21, and the rod 21 is applied with a force in the major axis direction of the vibrator 15 by a spring 33.

The giant magnetostrictive element 27 is formed of a compound of Tb _0.3 Dy _0.7 Fe _2.0 (terbium-dysprodium-iron). By causing a current to flow through the coil 29 and generating a magnetic field, the giant magnetostrictive element 27 normally extends 0.1% or more in the major axis direction. When the magnetic field from the coil 29 disappears, the original length is restored. By applying a pulsed current to the coil 29, the giant magnetostrictive element 27 expands and contracts. The rod 21 reciprocates as the giant magnetostrictive element 27 expands and contracts.

  Next, an oscillation method using the oscillator 13 will be described. The pipe 22 is penetrated by a boring machine or the like in front of the tunnel face. As shown in FIG. 5A, the oscillator 13 is placed in the tube 22, and the oscillator 13 is moved to a predetermined position. The tube 22 may be made of resin or metal.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 5B, pressure is applied to a hydraulic pressure generator (not shown), the movable arm 19 of the crimping portion 17 is extended, and the oscillator 13 is fixed in the tube 22.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 5C, when the vibrator 15 is operated and the rod 21 is reciprocated, the crimping portion 17 rubs the wall of the tube 22 and the S wave 11 is generated.

  The oscillator 13 can also generate a P wave in the tube 22 at the same time. This is because when the S wave 11 is generated so that the crimping portion 17 rubs against the wall of the tube 22, the S wave component is dominant, but the pressing force also acts and the P wave component is also generated.

  The vibration receiving unit 5 uses an in-hole pressure bonding type three-component type speedometer, a three-component type accelerometer, a so-called hydrophone, or the like.

  According to the first embodiment, since it is possible to generate an S wave by crimping in a tube, it is possible to install an oscillator on a shield face, which has been difficult in the past.

  In addition, according to the first embodiment, an S wave is generated by vibrating the oscillator 13 in the pipe 22 instead of generating an elastic wave by destroying the ground due to an explosion of gunpowder or the like. It is possible to conduct forward exploration with a method that minimizes the influence of.

  Further, according to the first embodiment, the S wave can be used for forward exploration, and the forward exploration can be performed without being affected by the groundwater even in the ground containing a lot of groundwater. In addition, an S wave having a shorter wavelength than the P wave can be used for forward exploration, and the resolution is increased.

  Further, according to the first embodiment, preparation is not time-consuming, and measurement can be performed in a short time when the shield machine 1 is stopped. Therefore, there is no impact on the tunnel excavation cycle.

Next, a second embodiment will be described.
6A is a perspective view of the shield machine 101 according to the second embodiment, FIG. 6B is a front view of the shield machine 101, and FIG. 6C is a right side view of the shield machine 101. It is. In the following embodiment, the same number is attached | subjected to the element which fulfill | performs the same aspect as the shield machine 1 concerning 1st Embodiment, and the duplicate description is avoided.

  As shown in FIG. 6A, the shield machine 101 includes a skin plate 9 and a cutter face 7, and the oscillation unit 3 and the vibration receiving unit 5 are provided on the front surface of the cutter face 7.

  When the shield machine 101 and the shield machine 1 are compared, the arrangement of the oscillation unit 3 and the vibration receiving unit 5 is different. As shown in FIG. 6B, in the shield machine 101, a triangle is drawn by the three oscillating units 3, a triangle is drawn by the three receiving units 5, and a hexagon is formed by the oscillating unit 3 and the receiving unit 5. Yes.

  The second embodiment has the same effects as the first embodiment.

Next, a third embodiment will be described.
FIG. 7A is a perspective view of the shield machine 102 according to the third embodiment, and FIG. 7B is a front view of the shield machine 102.

  As shown in FIG. 7A, the shield machine 102 includes a skin plate 9 and a cutter face 7, and the oscillation unit 3 and the vibration receiving unit 5 are provided on the front surface of the cutter face 7.

  When the shield machine 102 and the shield machine 1 are compared, the arrangement of the oscillation unit 3 and the vibration receiving unit 5 is different. As shown in FIG. 7B, in the shield machine 102, the oscillating units 3 and the vibration receiving units 5 are alternately arranged so as to draw a circle.

  The third embodiment has the same effects as the first embodiment.

Next, a fourth embodiment will be described.
FIG. 8A is an external view of the shield machine 103 according to the fourth embodiment, FIG. 8B is a front view of the shield machine 103, and FIG. 8C is a right side view of the shield machine 103. FIG. 8 (d) is a diagram showing the configuration of forward exploration by the shield machine 1.

  As shown in FIG. 8A, in the shield machine 103, the oscillating unit 3 is provided on the cutter face 7 in front of the tunnel traveling direction, and the vibration receiving unit 5 is provided on the skin plate 9 on the side surface in the tunnel traveling direction. As shown in FIG. 8B, the oscillating units 3 are arranged in a distributed manner on the cutter face 7, and the vibration receiving units 5 are arranged on the skin plate 9 so as to be separated as much as possible. As shown in FIG. 8C, the oscillation unit 3 protrudes in the tunnel excavation direction, and the vibration receiving unit 5 protrudes from the skin plate 9 in a direction perpendicular to the tunnel excavation direction.

  In addition, a forward exploration method of the tunnel face using the shield machine 103 will be described. As shown in FIG. 8 (d), the S wave 11 oscillated by a certain oscillating unit 3 protruding ahead of the shield machine 103 travels through the ground, is reflected by the crush band 12, and is received by the receiving unit 5. Is done. Next, the other one oscillation part 3 oscillates. The reflected wave received by the receiving unit 5 is analyzed, and the front of the tunnel face is searched.

  In the shield machine 103, the distance between the vibration receiving parts 5 is increased, so that the exploration accuracy of the boundary of the velocity layer is increased.

  The fourth embodiment has the same effect as the first embodiment, and can determine the position of the crush band 12 more accurately than the shield machine 1.

  The preferred embodiments of the excavator and the forward exploration method according to the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to such examples. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made within the scope of the technical idea disclosed in the present application, and these are naturally within the technical scope of the present invention. Understood.

  In particular, it is of course within the technical scope of the present invention to use a tunnel boring machine instead of the shield machine of the first to fourth embodiments.

(A) A perspective view of the shield machine 1 according to the first embodiment, (b) a front view of the cutter face 7 according to the first embodiment, (c) a right side view of the shield machine 1, and (d) a shield machine. The figure which shows the structure of the forward exploration of the tunnel face using 1. FIG. Schematic of the cross section of the oscillation part 3 which concerns on 1st Embodiment. 1 is a schematic diagram of an oscillator 13 according to a first embodiment. FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cross section of the vibrator 15 according to the first embodiment. The figure which shows the oscillation method of the oscillation part 3 which concerns on 1st Embodiment. (A) The figure which shows the shield machine 101 which concerns on 2nd Embodiment, (b) The front view of the shield machine 101, (c) The right view of the shield machine 101. (A) The perspective view of the shield machine 102 which concerns on 3rd Embodiment, (b) The front view of the shield machine 102. FIG. (A) Perspective view of shield machine 103 according to the fourth embodiment, (b) Front view of shield machine 103, (c) Right side view of shield machine 103, (d) Tunnel face using shield machine 103 The figure which shows the structure of a forward search.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ......... Shield machine 3 ......... Oscillation part 5 ......... Vibration part 7 ......... Cutter face 9 ......... Skin plate 10 ......... Tunnel 11 ... …… S wave 12 ......... Fracture zone 13 ... ... Oscillator 15 ......... Vibrator 17 ... ... Crimp part 19 ... ... Movable arm 21 ... ... Rod 22 ... ... Pipe 23 ... ... Hydraulic transmission hose 25 ... ... Cable 27 ... ... Giant magnetostrictive element 29 ……… Coil 31 ……… Permanent magnet 33 ……… Spring

Claims (5)

An excavator having a skin plate on the side and a cutter face on the front,
The cutter face is provided with an oscillating portion and a receiving portion,
The oscillating portion is a tube;
An oscillator having a giant magnetostrictive element crimped in the tube;
Comprising
The oscillating part and the vibration receiving part can be inserted into the front face and stored in an excavator during excavation ,
In the oscillator, a vibrator having the giant magnetostrictive element is connected to a crimping portion via a rod, a movable arm that is crimped to the tube is provided in the crimping portion, and the movable arm can protrude from the crimping portion. excavator characterized by Rukoto Oh. An excavator having a skin plate on the side and a cutter face on the front,
An oscillation part is provided in the cutter face,
A vibration receiving portion is provided on the skin plate,
The oscillating portion is a tube;
An oscillator having a giant magnetostrictive element crimped in the tube;
Equipped with,
In the oscillator, a vibrator having the giant magnetostrictive element is connected to a crimping portion via a rod, a movable arm that is crimped to the tube is provided in the crimping portion, and the movable arm can protrude from the crimping portion. excavator characterized by Rukoto Oh.   The excavator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the excavator is a shield machine or a tunnel boring machine. A method for performing forward exploration of a face using the excavator according to claim 1 or 3,
The pipe is inserted in front of the tunnel face, the oscillator is inserted into the pipe and moved to a predetermined position, the movable arm is extended from the crimping portion, the oscillator is fixed in the pipe, and the tunnel excavation direction forward Installing the oscillating unit and the vibration receiving unit on the face of
Oscillating the oscillating portion to generate an S wave;
Receiving the S wave reflected from the stratum interface in front of the face at the vibration receiving unit;
Analyzing the received S wave and exploring the geological structure of the natural ground in front of the face;
A method for exploring the front of the face, comprising: A method for performing forward exploration of a face using the excavator according to claim 2 or claim 3,
The pipe is inserted in front of the tunnel face, the oscillator is inserted into the pipe and moved to a predetermined position, the movable arm is extended from the crimping portion, the oscillator is fixed in the pipe, and the tunnel excavation direction forward Installing the oscillating part on the face of the digging, and installing the vibration receiving part on the face facing the excavation direction;
Oscillating the oscillating portion to generate an S wave;
Receiving the S wave reflected from the stratum interface in front of the face at the vibration receiving unit;
Analyzing the received S wave and exploring the geological structure of the natural ground in front of the face;
A method for exploring the front of the face, comprising:

Images