JP5280835B2 - Compression type heat pump equipped with latent heat storage device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce a load related to a compression type heat pump, to improve COP, and to add convenience in use in a cold district by using a latent heat storage device applying properties inherent to latent heat storage raw material as a means for miniaturizing a compression type heat pump apparatus, and using characteristics of superiority of potential heat capacity per unit or of carrying out heat absorption/dissipation in a constant temperature as a temperature standard. <P>SOLUTION: The compression type heat pump carries out a heat cycle on the basis of temperature characteristics produced by atmospheric temperature and latent heat storage material. A heat exchanger carrying out heat exchange with a hot fluid passing through the latent heat storage device is provided in a path from the compressor to a condenser, and a control board is provided, indicating temperature control of heat circulation by a detected temperature value. Correspondence to a load is carried out by adjusting a flow rate of the hot fluid of the heat exchanger, or by efficiently recovering atmospheric heat and storing it as heat in the small and large capacity latent heat storage device. COP is improved by 25% or more in comparison to a conventional one by using a cycle reducing work of the compressor. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

Industrial application fields

  The present invention provides a vapor compression heat pump system equipped with a latent heat storage device for the purpose of heating and hot water supply in general houses, apartment houses, industrial facilities, and cold districts.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a heat transfer circuit of a compression heat pump that includes a latent heat storage device for heat storage without impairing the function of an existing compression heat pump. As a feature, control and operation are performed by adapting the heat cycle function to the temperature of the atmospheric heat centrally based on the temperature of the latent heat storage device. Heat is exchanged with the refrigerant discharged from the compressor (1) to be stored in the latent heat storage device (8), part of which is circulated in the load and part of the circuit in the thermal cycle. As a means for temperature control, a two-phase flow ejector (such as an expansion valve that efficiently sucks the refrigerant phase separation liquid and high-pressure liquid refrigerant of the receiver (4) into the refrigerant path heated and discharged by the compressor (2) ( 5) Cooling of the refrigerant by the evaporation temperature of the evaporator (6) for evaporation and vaporization ensures efficient heat absorption of atmospheric heat. That is, the refrigerant and the thermal fluid have a mutual thermal ring circuit to effectively carry out mutual absorption and release of heat. The residual heat of the heat storage in the heat storage device (8) is processed using the low-temperature atmospheric temperature, and the work of compression in the compressor (2) is greatly reduced in a series of cycles to synergistically improve the COP effect. it can. In addition, it is possible to reduce the size of the system by improving the efficiency of the operation function, with the integrated adjustment and instruction of the temperature, pressurization, pressure reduction, flow rate of the system and the multi-way valve (12) including the adjustment valve. A refrigerating gas compression type heat pump heat circulation system including the latent heat storage device is provided.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a vapor compression heat pump using CO ₂ refrigerant gas or chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant gas in a conventional temperature stratified hot water storage type. A thermal cycle is demonstrated according to a figure. For example, if a 10 ° C. atmospheric heat to set compressed at 100 atm CO ₂ gas refrigerant absorbed to the compressor (2), CO ₂ gas refrigerant liquid in critical state of 130 ° C., in the radiator (3), the Heat exchange is performed with the heating fluid 20 ° C., the heated fluid is heated to 90 ° C., and water is introduced from the upper inlet of the temperature-stratified hot water storage tank to store hot water. The low-temperature thermal fluid in the lower layer of the tank is circulated for reheating by the radiator (3). The hot and cold gas liquid heated by the compressor (2) is circulated as it is used up by batch compression.

For example, the CO ₂ refrigerant released from the radiator (3) is heat-exchanged with the heated fluid, and the temperature is lowered to a slightly cooled liquid gas of 130 ° C. to 50 ° C. while maintaining a high pressure state. Next, when the pressure of 100 atm is reduced to 30 atm by releasing the expansion valve, the temperature of the refrigerant 50 ° C. changes to the refrigerant gas liquid cooled to 5 ° C. at once due to the rapid expansion and vaporization heat of the gas liquid. As a result, when the atmospheric heat is 10 ° C. at 30 atm, when the refrigerant comes into contact with the atmosphere, the heat of 10 ° C. is absorbed and introduced into the compressor (2) in a warm liquid gas state for recirculation. enter. On the other hand, the heat fluid taken out from the lower part of the hot water tank is heated from room temperature 15 ° C. to near 90 ° C. by heat exchange (3) and stored from the upper part of the temperature stratified hot water tank (6).

  Since the heat cycle is only used once each time, in order to maintain hot water supply at 90 ° C. in this heat cycle, it becomes a continuous operation at 100 atm and 130 ° C. and super high pressure at all times. Deterioration of efficiency due to performance and tank size has been a problem. Nighttime power is used for the power required for the above compression.

The performance of the heat pump compressor (2) generally used in homes is affected by the environmental temperature. In the case of the CO ₂ refrigerant gas liquid, when the temperature of the CO ₂ refrigerant gas liquid rises to 130 ° C. when compressed at 100 atm, the refrigerant reaches a critical point. The 90 ° C. discharge amount due to heat exchange between the heated CO ₂ refrigerant gas liquid and the heat transfer fluid is usually operated at the outlet with a safety flow rate of 1 l / min.

However, it was influenced by the work of the apparatus due to changes in ambient temperature and the environment. For example, if a load exceeding the allowable capacity of the compressor (2) is applied, the durability of the compressor due to ultra high pressure is damaged. While CO ₂ refrigerant gas is excellent in heat transfer, it has a low temperature limit and has a disadvantage of high pressure inside the compressor due to compression, resulting in malfunctions in equipment depending on operating conditions.

In order to reduce the work applied to the compressor (2) as a subject of the present case, the problem is that the thermal cycle within the range allowed by the capacity of the compressor (2) reduces the loss and load.
As a means for compensating for such a function, a method of compensating for a time lag related to the consumption load by using a nighttime electric power for enlargement and power of a hot water storage tank is generally employed. This means prevents inconveniences due to convenience and load on the device. However, the existing hot water storage system has a problem with heat loss and installation space that are affected by the hot water storage capacity and internal / external temperature difference because of the temperature-stratified storage type piston push-out. Improvement of the following items has been an issue from the viewpoint of technology for reducing the size of hot water storage tanks and COP efficiency.

(1) Improvement of efficiency reduction due to the environment and temperature of the installation of temperature stratified hot water storage tanks.
(2) Technical specifications that can handle an outside air temperature of minus 10 ° C in cold regions.
(3) Increase the output and efficiency from COP3.5 to COP4.5 or higher.
(4) Expand the compressor heating capacity from 4.5 Kw to 9.0 Kw.

  As general countermeasures for existing heat pumps and hot water storage tanks, measures for enhancing heat storage and insulation, downsizing of hot water storage tanks for small heat pumps, 2.3 Kw, etc., high output and high efficiency of heat pumps, load The development of a system that controls learning and the required amount of hot water, the use of medium-temperature water, and the transition to a non-hot water storage type were desired.

Problems to be solved by the invention

  In the present invention, when the properties and characteristics of the latent heat storage material are set temperature delta T = 10 ° C., the density of about 6 times the water is used, and each functional device employed in the existing compression heat pump is used. The efficiency of the function is improved by a partial change without requiring replacement. In the means, a high-efficiency heat that maintains the durability of the equipment by reducing the space, energy-saving and heat pump work efficiency and system loss by downsizing the equipment system, particularly the heat storage device. Provide a toppump thermal cycle system.

Means for Solving the Invention

The invention according to claim 1 is based on a thermal ring having a temperature unique to latent heat storage for securing atmospheric heat to reduce heat load and compression loss related to the compressor (2) as a point for efficient thermal cycle motion. The high pressure liquid refrigerant discharged from the compressor (2) is circulated through the refrigerant radiator (3) by the control system linked to the refrigerant, and heat exchange between the heat of the refrigerant of the heat source and the fluid to be heated is avoided. . The system can be effectively operated by the thermal ring and heat transfer of the refrigerant and the fluid to be heated. The CO ₂ refrigerant gas liquid uses the steady temperature of the latent heat storage material to maintain the temperature of the thermal fluid ringed from the heat storage device (8) to the radiator (3) at a stable low temperature, and the compressor And reduce the operation load related to radiators. For this purpose, a processing means is required for the treatment of the remaining heat due to heat storage.

  As a means for the heat treatment carried on the heat fluid, the heat fluid is subjected to a heat-radiating heat exchanger (1) after the heat is fed back through the refrigerant cooled by the atmospheric heat (7) and the heat exchanger (1). The route that circulates in the heat reabsorption in 3) is set. Moreover, the work of compression is reduced by allowing the heated refrigerant to flow into the compressor (2) by setting this route. The high-pressure refrigerant liquid discharged from the compressor absorbs low-temperature atmospheric heat by heat exchange by heat radiation in the radiator (3) and decompression in the expansion valve (5) and the evaporator (6). This series of temperature control is maintained and maintained at a predetermined value, and a heat pump that reduces the thermal cycle of the compressor and improves COP efficiency is supplied.

  As means for effectively exhibiting the cycle, a thermal cycle that is annular on a relative basis is assumed on the premise that atmospheric heat absorption is ensured with the same temperature as that of the latent heat storage device as a basic axis. As a matter of fact, the cyclic process of refrigerant and thermal fluid ranging from compression to high temperature to reduced pressure to low temperature to absorption to compression is unified to reduce operating cycle efficiency by reducing the temperature cycle by instructing temperature, pressurization, decompression, and flow rate. It can be improved.

Based on system programming data ranging from atmospheric heat absorption (7) to heat storage (8) and heat consumption load (12), an instruction control panel that can centrally control and set the refrigeration cycle according to the detection value of the sensor ( (Not shown). In accordance with the above settings, the centralized control adopts the CO ₂ refrigerant residue by automatically operating the heat cycle for adjusting the flow rate of refrigerant and thermal fluid from the operation and compression of the DC motor and electric pump by electric drive. The existing heat pump compressor has a compression work of 100 atm / compression temperature of 130 ° C. and a heat transfer force. When the sodium acetate hydrate system is used in the latent heat storage device for the heat cycle of the device according to claims 1 and 2, the existing specified temperature is reduced by about 20%, and the unit heat quantity is about 6 times It consists of a program that improves and controls this.

  The temperature condition of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is not limited as long as the temperature necessary for the phase change of the latent heat storage material can be supplied, and the high temperature employed in the conventional hot water storage system is unnecessary, and therefore the high pressure applied to the compression can be reduced. The present invention is set on the premise that the temperature supply necessary for melting the latent heat storage material and the absorption of atmospheric heat are ensured. Consists of programs to be linked. In addition, the environmental reference temperature to be ingested is set to work under 100 atm on the premise of a heat cycle adapted to the changing atmospheric temperature, and avoids excessive compression work in operation. Therefore, the mechanical and physical risks of the machine accompanying the ultra high pressure of the compressor, the excessive load on the system is reduced by the thermal cycle due to overheating, etc., the durability of the compressor (2) and the constant work Enables increased efficiency. In view of such a background, the present invention solves the problem described above.

That is, the present invention is a process of pursuing space saving, energy saving and convenience, carrying the excellent heat transfer performance of the CO ₂ gas refrigerant and the steady temperature absorption / radiation of the latent heat storage material, circulating, Atmospheric heat can be secured by absorbing heat from the ambient temperature within the programmed temperature range. The heat cycle of the heat pump corresponding to the improvement of the COP efficiency and the load function in the title cycle.

Embodiment

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a comparison diagram, and FIG. 2 is a simplified diagram showing the overall configuration of a refrigeration cycle heat pump to which a latent heat storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied, and shows a schematic state of thermal circulation.

  The thermal cycle of this embodiment is electric. It is a heat cycle heat pump that is driven by a drive that transmits the drive of the DC inverter motor to the compressor (2) and can freely change the compression ratio to a range of ultra-high pressure. It is used for heating and hot water supply. The The compressor (2) shown in FIG. 2 is a heat source, and the form is not ask | required.

The CO ₂ gas refrigerant discharged at high pressure and high temperature by compression is subjected to heat exchange by the condenser (3), the decompression effect by the expansion valve and the evaporator, and the cold heat of the atmospheric air is recovered by the decompression effect. The heat source according to the annular process A of the refrigerant.

  The refrigerant gas discharged at high pressure and high temperature by compression is subjected to heat exchange in the condenser (3), so that the heat medium to be heated absorbs the transfer temperature necessary for melting the latent heat storage material, and radiates and stores heat by the latent heat storage device (8). The heat treatment of the thermal fluid carrying the remaining residual heat generated during the heat storage is performed at the outlet temperature of the temperature adjustment (11) after the heat treatment by heat exchange (1) with the refrigerant (7) that has absorbed and cooled the outside air. The temperature of the fluid is adjusted to a low temperature and heated to a temperature effective for heat transfer of the latent heat storage device (8) by the radiator (3). It is the annular process B of the heat exchanger that stores and radiates heat to the latent heat storage device and reaches the circulation.

  In the thermal cycle of the annular process 1, the liquefied gas refrigerant absorbed by heat exchange (1) is introduced into the compressor (2), and the refrigerant is heated to a predetermined temperature by compression according to the setting by electric control programming.

The compression heating refrigerant is maintained at a predetermined high-pressure liquid in the condenser (3), and its temperature is lowered by about 70% by heat radiation of heat transfer to the low-temperature heat fluid, and the expansion valve ejector (5) The CO ₂ gas refrigerant introduced into the evaporator (6) by pressure-diffusion of the high-pressure liquid is lowered by heat of vaporization of vaporization proportional to the pressure difference. It is configured to be electrically controlled by a signal (not shown) of an electric control device as a control means for each valve.

  The refrigerant that has fallen to a low temperature due to the reduced pressure absorbs the atmospheric temperature at the same atmospheric pressure (7), absorbs the heat released from the heat medium in the heat exchanger (1), and is sucked into the compressor (2) to be compressed. Circulate the refrigerant path again.

  The refrigerant is absorbed by the circuit of the two-phase flow ejector (5) of the expansion valve and the pressure increase suction effect that connects the heat exchange by the radiator (3) from the compressor (2) to the refrigeration cycle and the gas-liquid separation circuit (4). To prevent a reduction in efficiency of the compressor (2). The high suction pressure creates a low evaporation temperature in the evaporator (6) and ensures the desired atmospheric heat absorption (7). Efficient heat circulation from high pressure / high temperature to low pressure / low temperature through a series of refrigerant thermal cycles.

  The residual heat-carrying thermal fluid removes heat to the heat exchanger (1) by feedback, passes through the low-temperature regulator (11), adjusts to a constant temperature, and is heated by the radiator (3) to store latent heat. Absorbs the temperature at which the material is melted and reaches the heat storage device (8).

  However, the heat fluid is exchanged with the outlet temperature of the compressor (2) in advance by the control program by the heat (temperature) received by exchanging heat between the high-temperature refrigerant and the heat fluid at the radiator (3). Adjust.

  In this embodiment, the control is started by an electronic control operation panel (not shown) in conjunction with temperature, pressurization, decompression, and flow instruction adjustment of the heat cycle from the inlet to the outlet of the thermal process A and annular process B. The compressor is controlled by setting the control program based on the temperature utilization of the latent heat storage device and the outside air temperature.

  Note that a measurement sensor is installed at a location indicated by the symbols (T1) to (T10), and is centrally operated by setting the temperature, pressurization, decompression, flow rate, and indicator adjuster. (Not shown)

Effect of the invention

As described above, the present invention is characterized by a thermal ring based on the steady temperature 55 ° C. ± 5 ° C. of the latent heat storage material and the atmospheric temperature in order to stabilize and improve the efficiency of the thermal cycle of the equipment system. The heat medium passing through the latent heat storage tank first circulates in the heat exchange (1) shown in FIG. In the refrigeration gas cycle using CO ₂ gas refrigerant, the temperature, pressurization, decompression, and flow rate are calculated based on the numerical values derived from the operation of the compressor, heat dissipation heat exchanger, electronic expansion valve, evaporator, and latent heat storage device under certain conditions. By adjusting the instructions, the load handling function of 50 to 65 ° C. and the setting program corresponding to the outside air temperature contribute to efficient and optimum continuous operation. This function can improve COP efficiency. The heat storage device need only have a minimum capacity to support heat supply when the heat pump is started, and does not require a large-scale device or a hot water storage tank. The hot water supply function can be demonstrated at any time with heat storage support as needed, so it can be supplied as a highly convenient product.

  1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall configuration of a conventional heat pump.   It is a block diagram which shows the Example of the thermal cycle of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

(I) Heat pump heat cycle heat pump applying latent heat 1 Heat exchanger (thermal fluid → refrigerant)
2 Compressor (refrigerant compression)
3 Condenser radiator (refrigerant → thermal fluid)
4 receiver (gas-liquid separator)
5 Expansion valve (refrigerant mixing and diffusion)
6 Evaporator (Evaporation heat → Refrigerant cooling)
7 Atmospheric heat absorber (Atmospheric heat absorption → Refrigerant)
8 Latent heat storage device / hot water storage tank (heat storage)
9 Tap water (raw water)
10 Pre-heat treatment temperature (thermal fluid)
11 Temperature control indwelling device (thermal fluid)
12 Electromagnetic multi-way valve (thermal fluid)
(II) Temperature / Pressure / Decompression / Flow rate / Indicator (Sensor location)
P1. Pressure sensor (DC motor)
T1 / Atmospheric temperature. T2 / compression conduit outlet. T3 / multi-way valve. T4 / latent heat storage device inlet T5 / latent heat storage device. T6 / high pressure conduit. T7 / Ejector, T8 / Evaporating low-temperature refrigerant T9 / Temperature adjusting unit, P / Pump, T10 / Regulating valve

Claims (2)

The refrigerant body is heated to a high pressure by the compressor (2), and the refrigerant body separated into gas and liquid in the process of heat release of the condensation heat by the condenser / heat radiator (3) is passed through the receiver (4) through the expansion valve (5). And a device for circulating the refrigerant that absorbs the heat of vaporization generated by the decompression in the process of the evaporator (6), the atmospheric heat absorber (7) and the heat exchanger (1 ) , A heated fluid carrying latent heat residual heat generated in a heat storage tank (8 ) having a latent heat storage material that absorbs and dissipates heat is cooled by the heat exchanger ( 1) and the low temperature controller (11) in a circulation process, It is a device equipped with heat recovery of the heated fluid that recovers heat with the condenser / heat radiator (3) and dissipates heat in the heat storage tank (8 ) , and is equipped with a latent heat storage tank that performs heat compatibility between the refrigerant and the heated fluid. A heat circulation device for heat pumps . In the latent heat storage composition latent heat storage tank (8) built composition of the system to which the melting point is applied at a melting range of 80 ° C. from 55 ° C., acetate-based hydrate and hydroxide-based strontium and n paraffin and stearic acid and palmitic acid based cold circulation system of the heat pump of claims 1, wherein the Ru used for the latent heat storage tank and.

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