JP5273687B2 - 双管筒型炉中でデコーク排出物を焼却するための炉および方法 - Google Patents
双管筒型炉中でデコーク排出物を焼却するための炉および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004230 steam cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 43
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 26
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010793 Steam injection (oil industry) Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005235 decoking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005504 petroleum refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
- B01J8/062—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes being installed in a furnace
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J19/002—Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects, e.g. avoiding explosions, or improving the yield by suppressing side-reactions
- B01J19/0026—Avoiding carbon deposits
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
- B01J8/065—Feeding reactive fluids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
- C10G9/16—Preventing or removing incrustation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
- C10G9/18—Apparatus
- C10G9/20—Tube furnaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C5/00—Disposition of burners with respect to the combustion chamber or to one another; Mounting of burners in combustion apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
- F23D14/04—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner
- F23D14/08—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner with axial outlets at the burner head
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00265—Part of all of the reactants being heated or cooled outside the reactor while recycling
- B01J2208/00274—Part of all of the reactants being heated or cooled outside the reactor while recycling involving reactant vapours
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/80—Additives
- C10G2300/805—Water
- C10G2300/807—Steam
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/20—C2-C4 olefins
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2202/00—Fluegas recirculation
- F23C2202/10—Premixing fluegas with fuel and combustion air
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
- Gas Burners (AREA)
Description
10:双管筒型炉、12:輻射燃焼室、14:炉床、L:炉床14の中心線、P:炉床14の中心線Lを貫通しかつ炉床14と垂直な面、16:バーナーの第一の列、D1:バーナーの第一の列、18:バーナーの第二の列、D2:バーナーの第二の列、20:輻射管コイルの第一の面、22:輻射管コイルの第二の面、24:複数のデコーク排出物噴射ノズル、26:バーナーの第三の列、D3:バーナーの第三の列、28:バーナーの第四の列、D4:バーナーの第四の列、30:デコーク排出物分配配管、32:対流区域、34:輻射区域、36:クエンチ系、38:対流管コイル、
100:第二の複数のバーナー、111:燃料オリフィス、112:バーナー管、115:スチーム噴射管、116:バーナー管上流端、118:バーナー管下流端、119:バーナー管ベンチュリ部分、120:バーナー先端、 122:環状タイル、124:燃料スパッド、126:一次空気室、130:エアポート、132:二次空気室、 134:可変ダンパー、137:一次空気通路、137a:オリフィス、137b:可変ダンパー、138:一次空気通路、138a:オリフィス、140:炉床開口部、160:バーナー先端120を取り囲む壁、165:ガス燃料ライザー、176:FRGダクト、183:平板部材、195:バーナー先端120を取り囲む壁にさらに加えられた部分的壁
Claims (10)
- 炭化水素の分解のための炉であって、
(a)輻射燃焼室であって、当該輻射燃焼室が、炉床の長手方向に延在する中心線を有する当該炉床を含む輻射燃焼室、
(b)当該輻射燃焼室中に上向きにデコーク排出物を噴射するための、当該中心線に沿ってまたは近接してはめ込まれた複数のデコーク排出物噴射ノズル、
(c)バーナーの第一の列およびバーナーの第二の列を形成するように配置された複数のバーナーであって、バーナーのそれぞれの列が当該複数のデコーク排出物噴射ノズルに関して相互に対向する側に置かれた複数のバーナー、
(d)コイル状に形成され、かつ、当該輻射燃焼室中に長手方向に列を成して配置された二つの輻射管コイルであって、当該コイルがそれぞれ単一の面を形成するように配置された輻射管コイル、
(e)当該輻射管コイルの第一の面であって、当該バーナーの第一の列と当該炉床の当該中心線との間隔よりも大きい間隔を空けて、当該中心線に関して当該バーナーの第一の列と同じ側に設けられた当該輻射管コイルの第一の面、および
(f)当該輻射管コイルの第二の面であって、当該バーナーの第二の列と当該炉床の当該中心線との間隔よりも大きい間隔を空けて、中心線に関して当該バーナーの第二の列と当該同じ側に設けられた当該輻射管コイルの第二の面
を含んでいる、炉。 - 当該複数のバーナーが、少なくとも2の平行な線に沿って配置されてバーナーの第一の列およびバーナーの第二の列を形成し、バーナーのそれぞれの列が当該炉床の当該中心線から実質的に等しい間隔を空けて、当該中心線に関して相互に対向する側に設けられている、請求項1に記載の炉。
- バーナーの第三の列およびバーナーの第四の列を形成するように、少なくとも2の平行な列に沿って配置された第二の複数のバーナーであって、バーナーのそれぞれの列が当該炉床の当該中心線から実質的に等しい間隔を、当該輻射管コイルの第一の面および当該輻射管コイルの第二の面のそれぞれと当該炉床の当該中心線との間隔よりも大きい間隔を空けて設けられた第二の複数のバーナーをさらに含んでいる、請求項1に記載の炉。
- 当該輻射管コイルの第一の面が、当該炉床の当該中心線を貫通しかつ当該炉床と垂直な面と平行に配置されている、請求項1に記載の炉。
- 当該輻射管コイルの第二の面が、当該炉床の当該中心線を貫通しかつ当該炉床と垂直な面と平行に配置されている、請求項1に記載の炉。
- 当該複数のバーナーが、段階的予混合エアバーナーを含み、当該段階的予混合エアバーナーのそれぞれが、
(a)一次空気室、
(b)上流端、下流端および該上流端と下流端との中間に介在するベンチュリを有するバーナー管、
(c)炉の第一開口部に近接するバーナー管の下流端の上に設けられたバーナー先端であって、当該配置の結果、燃料の燃焼が当該バーナー先端の下流で生じる、バーナー先端、および
(d)燃料を当該バーナー管中に導入するための、当該バーナー管の上流端に近接して置かれた燃料オリフィス
を含んでいる、請求項1に記載の炉。 - 炉がスチームクラッキング炉である、請求項1に記載の炉。
- エチレンの生産のために炉のデコーク排出物流を焼却する方法に用いられる炉であって、該方法が、
(a)該炉床の中心線に沿って該輻射燃焼室中に上向きにデコーク排出物を噴射する工程
を含んでいる、請求項1に記載の炉。 - 炉床の中心線を貫通しかつ該炉床と垂直な面に実質的に沿って上向きにデコーク排出物を噴射する工程をさらに含む、請求項8に記載の炉。
- 炉床の中心線を該中心線の第一の側で貫通しかつ炉床と垂直な面と平行な輻射管コイルの第一の面、および炉床の中心線を該中心線の第一の側と反対の側で貫通しかつ炉床と垂直な面と平行な輻射管コイルの第二の面を置く工程をさらに含む、請求項8に記載の炉。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/205,379 US8002951B2 (en) | 2008-09-05 | 2008-09-05 | Furnace and process for incinerating a decoke effluent in a twin-tube-plane furnace |
US12/205,379 | 2008-09-05 | ||
PCT/US2009/046988 WO2010027541A1 (en) | 2008-09-05 | 2009-06-11 | Furnace and process for incinerating a decoke effluent in a twin-tube-plane furnace |
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JP2012500955A JP2012500955A (ja) | 2012-01-12 |
JP5273687B2 true JP5273687B2 (ja) | 2013-08-28 |
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JP2011523839A Expired - Fee Related JP5273687B2 (ja) | 2008-09-05 | 2009-06-11 | 双管筒型炉中でデコーク排出物を焼却するための炉および方法 |
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US (1) | US8002951B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2340110A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5273687B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101186700B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102076404B (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2729170C (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI470074B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2010027541A1 (ja) |
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US8684384B2 (en) * | 2009-01-05 | 2014-04-01 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Process for cracking a heavy hydrocarbon feedstream |
CN102925195B (zh) * | 2012-10-12 | 2014-09-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 以水煤浆为燃料的乙烯裂解炉燃烧系统 |
US9630188B2 (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2017-04-25 | Technip Stone & Webster Process Technology, Inc. | Device and method for decoke effluent processing |
US20150133709A1 (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2015-05-14 | Uop Llc | LOW NOx BURNER FOR ETHYLENE CRACKING FURNACES AND OTHER HEATING APPLICATIONS |
RU2537440C1 (ru) * | 2013-11-28 | 2015-01-10 | Государственное унитарное предприятие "Институт нефтехимпереработки Республики Башкортостан" (ГУП "ИНХП РБ") | Печной агрегат |
CA2912061C (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2022-11-29 | Nova Chemicals Corporation | Radiant for use in the radiant section of a fired heater |
WO2017171942A1 (en) | 2016-03-31 | 2017-10-05 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patent Inc. | Burner, furnace, and steam cracking processes using the same |
KR102220200B1 (ko) * | 2019-04-04 | 2021-02-26 | 효성화학 주식회사 | 파이어 히터 |
WO2021016291A1 (en) | 2019-07-24 | 2021-01-28 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Furnace systems and methods for cracking hydrocarbons |
KR102632470B1 (ko) * | 2019-08-02 | 2024-02-01 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 질소 산화물 저감형 버너 |
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FR986499A (fr) | 1949-03-09 | 1951-08-01 | Sarl Heurtey & Cie | Procédé de fabrication d'un gaz analogue au gaz de ville à partir d'un gaz riche et appareillage permettant la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé |
JPS5414749Y2 (ja) * | 1977-02-04 | 1979-06-16 | ||
US4629413A (en) * | 1984-09-10 | 1986-12-16 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Low NOx premix burner |
JPH0611641B2 (ja) | 1987-12-12 | 1994-02-16 | 富士電機株式会社 | メタノール改質器 |
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-
2008
- 2008-09-05 US US12/205,379 patent/US8002951B2/en active Active
-
2009
- 2009-06-11 KR KR1020107029746A patent/KR101186700B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2009-06-11 CA CA2729170A patent/CA2729170C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-06-11 JP JP2011523839A patent/JP5273687B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-06-11 CN CN2009801250162A patent/CN102076404B/zh active Active
- 2009-06-11 EP EP09789792A patent/EP2340110A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-06-11 WO PCT/US2009/046988 patent/WO2010027541A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-06-15 TW TW98119930A patent/TWI470074B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2012500955A (ja) | 2012-01-12 |
KR101186700B1 (ko) | 2012-09-27 |
US8002951B2 (en) | 2011-08-23 |
CN102076404A (zh) | 2011-05-25 |
TW201016837A (en) | 2010-05-01 |
EP2340110A1 (en) | 2011-07-06 |
CN102076404B (zh) | 2013-11-20 |
CA2729170A1 (en) | 2010-03-11 |
KR20110021997A (ko) | 2011-03-04 |
WO2010027541A1 (en) | 2010-03-11 |
US20100063342A1 (en) | 2010-03-11 |
TWI470074B (zh) | 2015-01-21 |
CA2729170C (en) | 2013-07-30 |
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