JP5256227B2 - Damping mechanism - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a damping mechanism having a spring mechanism and a damper mechanism. In particular, the present invention relates to a seismic isolation damping damping mechanism used for a seismic isolation device such as a crane that performs container handling and a damping device.

  Container terminals such as harbors and inland areas handle containers between ships and trailers by quay cranes, portal cranes, and container trailers. As a countermeasure against earthquakes in this container terminal, a crane has been proposed in which a machine room of a quay crane is used as a damping mass (weight) to obtain a damping effect (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  FIG. 7 shows an example of a quay crane with a conventional earthquake countermeasure. The quay crane 11X has the traveling device 21 via a seismic isolation device (isolator) 26X at the lower end of the leg structure 31, and has a girder 61 and a boom 62 above. A trolley 60 travels along the girder 61 and the boom 62, and is configured to perform container handling work. The traveling device 21 has wheels that travel on rails laid on the quay (the ground surface 30). The seismic isolation device 26X is a device for insulating the crane 11X from the vibration of the ground surface 30 and uses, for example, a spring damper mechanism such as an isolator in which steel plates and rubber are alternately laminated.

  Further, the crane 11 </ b> X has a vibration damping device 63 using a machine room 64 on the girder 61. The vibration damping device 63 is configured such that wheels 66 are installed on the lower surface of the machine room 64 so that the machine room 64 can move on the girder 61 in the sea-land direction (left-right direction in FIG. 7).

  Next, the operation of the crane 11X when an earthquake occurs will be described. When an earthquake occurs, the shear pin or the like that has fixed the seismic isolation device 26X breaks, and the seismic isolation device 26X operates. The seismic isolation device 26X insulates the crane structure from the vibration of the ground surface 30 and absorbs the vibration. With this structure, the crane 11X can obtain a seismic isolation effect.

  Further, when an earthquake occurs, the shear pin or the like that has fixed the machine room 64 is broken, and the vibration damping device 63 is activated. The vibration damping device 63 is configured such that the machine room 64 can swing with respect to the crane structure (the leg structure 31, the girder 61, etc.), and swings at a cycle different from the vibration of the crane structure. To do. Further, the relative motion is damped by a damping mechanism 65 installed between the machine room 64 and the crane structure. That is, the machine room 64 can be used as a damping mass (a damping weight).

  The seismic isolation device 26X and the vibration control device 63 described above can suppress and attenuate the vibration of the crane 11X in the sea-land direction (the left-right direction in FIG. 7). In addition, the vibration in the direction along the quay (front and back direction in FIG. 7) can be absorbed by rolling or sliding of the wheel installed in the traveling device 21.

  The above-described seismic isolation device (isolator) 26X and vibration control device 63 allow the crane 11X to absorb horizontal deformation of about ± 300 mm in the sea-land direction. However, in recent years, it has been required to absorb a horizontal deformation of about ± 1000 mm in the sea-land direction. In the future, there may be an increase in the demand for horizontal deformation to be absorbed, such as about ± 2000 mm in the sea-land direction. Due to this requirement, it is necessary to increase the size of a damping mechanism (for example, a spring damper mechanism) installed in the seismic isolation device and the vibration damping device.

  However, in order to enlarge the spring damper mechanism to have a stroke of about ± 1000 mm or more, there are the following problems. 1stly, it has the problem that manufacture of the large sized spring damper mechanism which gives a restoring force (spring force, viscous water reducing force) as a seismic isolation device and a damping device is difficult.

  That is, in recent years, the crane's own weight has reached 800 to 1500 t, and a spring damper mechanism that suppresses the vibration of the crane itself requires a large spring force of 1000 to 2000 KN / m. When this requirement is considered to be satisfied by, for example, a coil spring, this coil spring becomes a very large spring. For this reason, the manufacturing cost of a large-sized spring damper mechanism becomes high.

  Secondly, such a large spring mechanism has a problem that it is difficult to determine and manufacture a spring constant with high accuracy so as to obtain an arbitrary restoring force. This is because when the spring constant of the large-sized spring mechanism is too high, the spring damper mechanism apparently looks like a rigid body and does not act as a spring damper. Further, when the spring constant is too low, sufficient restoring force cannot be obtained. That is, it is essential for the spring damper mechanism of the seismic isolation device and the vibration damping device to determine the spring constant with high accuracy.

  Third, there is a problem that it is difficult to secure an installation space for a large-sized spring damper mechanism. This spring damper mechanism is large because a stroke of about ± 1000 mm or more is necessary. However, it is difficult to secure a space for mounting the spring damper mechanism on a crane that is a frame-like structure.

JP 2009-244202 A

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has an object of having a large spring force and a long stroke, being easy to manufacture, low in cost, and having a high degree of freedom in attachment to other devices. An object is to provide a high damping mechanism (spring damper mechanism). In particular, an object of the present invention is to provide a damping mechanism used for a seismic isolation device and a vibration control device for a crane.

  In order to achieve the above object, a damping mechanism according to the present invention is a damping mechanism having a spring mechanism and a damper mechanism, wherein the damping mechanism is smaller than the first cylinder and the first cylinder and includes a plurality of first mechanisms. Two cylinders, the first cylinder having a first casing filled with fluid, a first piston arranged to separate the interior of the first casing into a chamber A and a chamber B, and the second cylinder A cylinder has a second casing filled with fluid, a second piston arranged to separate the inside of the second casing into a chamber A and a chamber B, and for maintaining the position of the second piston at a neutral point. An elastic body is provided, and the A chamber of the first cylinder and the A chambers of the plurality of second cylinders are respectively communicated by the flow path through which the fluid flows, and the B chamber of the first cylinder and the B chamber of the second cylinder Each of the fluid flow Communicates with that passage, characterized in that installed a throttle valve in the flow path.

With this configuration, since the restoring force of the first cylinder can be easily obtained by the combined force of the elastic bodies of the plurality of second cylinders, it is not necessary to manufacture a giant spring coil or the like, and the cost of the damping mechanism can be reduced. Can do. Moreover, a viscous damping force can be obtained by the configuration in which the throttle valve is installed. Therefore, this damping mechanism apparently has the same performance as a huge spring damper mechanism.

  In addition, since the spring constant of the first cylinder can be precisely designed from the spring constants of the plurality of second cylinders, a highly accurate damping mechanism can be provided. That is, a damping mechanism having an arbitrary spring constant can be provided.

  Furthermore, the degree of freedom of attachment of the damping mechanism can be improved. In other words, the damping mechanism is composed of a first cylinder that is miniaturized because a giant spring coil or the like is not required, and a plurality of second cylinders that are smaller than the first cylinder, and the first cylinder and the second cylinder are flowed through. It communicates with a path (for example, a hydraulic circuit etc.). Therefore, a 1st cylinder and a 2nd cylinder can be installed in a different place, and a some 2nd cylinder can also be divided and arrange | positioned in several places.

  In order to achieve the above object, a damping mechanism for seismic isolation damping according to the present invention is installed in at least one of a seismic isolation device or a damping device for a quay crane, and has a spring mechanism and a damper mechanism. In the first damping mechanism, the seismic isolation damping damping mechanism has a first cylinder and a plurality of second cylinders that are smaller than the first cylinder and the first cylinder is filled with fluid. A casing, a first piston arranged to separate the interior of the first casing into a chamber A and a chamber B, the second cylinder being filled with a fluid, a second casing, and the interior of the second casing A second piston disposed so as to be separated into a chamber A and a chamber B, and an elastic body for maintaining the position of the second piston at a neutral point, the chamber A of the first cylinder, and a plurality of second chambers Each of the two chambers A chamber Flow communication with the flow path communicates the B chamber of the first cylinder chamber B and the second cylinder in each flow path of the flow of said fluid, characterized by being installed throttle valve in the flow path. With this configuration, it is possible to obtain the same effect as the above-described damping mechanism.

  In the seismic isolation damping mechanism, a lock valve is installed in the flow path that communicates the first cylinder and the second cylinder, and the lock valve is closed when an earthquake occurs. Opening the flow path, allowing the fluid to move between the A chamber of the first cylinder and the A chambers of the plurality of second cylinders, and between the B chamber of the first cylinder and the B chambers of the plurality of second cylinders. The fluid is configured to be movable.

  With this configuration, it is possible to fix the seismic isolation device and the vibration damping device in a normal state when the crane handles a container, and to control the seismic isolation device and the vibration damping device to operate when an earthquake occurs. In addition, since the start of operation of the seismic isolation device and the vibration control device can be controlled only by opening and closing the lock valve, reliable and quick control can be realized as compared with the case of using a conventional shear pin or the like.

  In the above-described seismic isolation damping damping mechanism, the lock valve and the plurality of second cylinders communicate with each other to form a unit, and the plurality of units communicate with the first cylinder. . With this seismic isolation damping mechanism having a plurality of lock valves, the spring constant of the first cylinder can be made variable by opening / closing control of each lock valve.

  In order to achieve the above object, a quay crane according to the present invention is characterized in that the above-described damping mechanism is installed in at least a seismic isolation device or a vibration control device. With this configuration, a crane with high earthquake resistance can be provided. In other words, the quay crane has a stroke of ± 300 mm or more and is equipped with a high-accuracy damping mechanism (spring damper mechanism) in the seismic isolation device or damping device, so it can withstand large-scale earthquakes. it can.

  According to the damping mechanism of the present invention, a damping mechanism (spring damper mechanism) that has a large spring force and a long stroke, is easy to manufacture, is low in cost, and has a high degree of freedom in attachment to other devices. Can be provided.

It is the figure which showed the outline of the damping mechanism of embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the figure which showed the outline of the crane which installs the damping mechanism for seismic isolation control of embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the figure which installed the damping mechanism for seismic isolation control of embodiment concerning this invention in the seismic isolation apparatus. It is the figure which showed the outline of the crane which installs the damping mechanism for seismic isolation control of embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the figure which showed a part of crane which installs the damping mechanism for seismic isolation control of embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the figure which showed the outline of the damping mechanism of different embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the figure which showed the quay crane which has the conventional damping device.

  Hereinafter, an attenuation mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an outline of a seismic isolation damping mechanism 1. The seismic isolation damping mechanism (hereinafter referred to as a damping mechanism) 1 has a large first cylinder 2 and a plurality of second cylinders 3 that are smaller than the first cylinder.

  The first cylinder 2 has a first casing 4 filled with fluid, and a first piston 5 arranged so as to separate the inside of the first casing 4 into an A chamber L1 and a B chamber R1. Similarly, the second cylinder 3 has a second casing 6 filled with fluid, and a second piston 7 disposed so as to separate the inside of the second casing 6 into an A chamber L2 and a B chamber R2. Further, the second cylinder 3 has an elastic body 8 for maintaining the position of the second piston at a predetermined neutral point.

  Further, the A chamber L1 of the first cylinder 2 and the A chambers L2 of the plurality of second cylinders 3 are communicated with each other through flow paths through which fluid flows. Similarly, the B chamber R1 of the first cylinder 2 and the B chamber R2 of the plurality of second cylinders 3 are communicated with each other through flow paths through which fluid flows. That is, a flow path for distributing the fluid filled in the A chamber L1 or B chamber R1 of the first cylinder 2 to the A chamber L2 or B chamber R2 of the plurality of second cylinders 3 is formed. Note that there is no movement of fluid between the A chambers L1 and L2 and the B chambers R1 and R2.

  Furthermore, the damping mechanism 1 has a lock valve (also called a trigger valve) 9 and a throttle valve (orifice or the like) 10 on the flow path.

  In addition, the said 1st cylinder 2 and 2nd cylinder 3 can utilize the hydraulic cylinder etc. which made the fluid to fill with oil, for example. Moreover, the elastic body 8 can utilize the coil spring 8, a leaf | plate spring, etc., for example. Furthermore, the lock valve 9 can utilize a solenoid coil, for example.

  Next, the operation of the damping mechanism 1 will be described. When an earthquake occurs, the lock valve 9 that has shut off the flow path is opened, and the fluid filled in the first cylinder 2 and the second cylinder 3 is controlled so as to be movable relative to each other. At the same time, the moving body 12 such as a damping mass is oscillated by the earthquake motion, and the first piston 5 of the first cylinder 2 moves as the moving body 12 moves.

  For example, when the first piston 5 moves to the left in FIG. 1, the fluid in the A chamber L1 of the first casing 4 is pushed out and moves to the A chambers L2 of the plurality of second cylinders 3 via the flow paths. To do. Due to the movement of the fluid, the second piston 7 of the second cylinder 3 moves to the right in FIG.

  At this time, the second piston 7 of each second cylinder 3 receives a force (restoring force) in a direction to return to the place (neutral point) before the movement from an elastic body 8 such as a coil spring. By this restoring force, the fluid in the A chamber L2 of each second cylinder 3 is pushed back to the A chamber L1 of the first cylinder 2. That is, the resultant force of the restoring force of the elastic bodies 8 of the plurality of second cylinders 3 becomes a force (restoring force) in a direction to return the first piston of the first cylinder 2 to the place (neutral point) before the movement. It is composed.

  The first cylinder 2 can obtain a viscous damping force by the resistance that the fluid moves in the flow path and the flow resistance by the throttle valve 10. Further, in a normal time without the influence of an earthquake or the like, the lock valve 9 is closed, the fluid movement is blocked, and the first piston 5 is fixed.

  With the above configuration, the following operational effects can be obtained. First, the restoring force can be easily obtained in the first cylinder 2 by the resultant force of the elastic bodies 8 of the plurality of second cylinders 3. That is, since the restoring force similar to that in the case of manufacturing a huge spring coil that is substantially difficult to manufacture can be obtained, the damping mechanism 1 can be easily manufactured. Further, the cost of the damping mechanism 1 can be reduced.

  Second, the restoring force of the first cylinder 2 can be designed with high accuracy. That is, the spring constant of the first cylinder 2 can be determined as a set of the plurality of elastic bodies 8 of the second cylinder 3 with high accuracy. In particular, it is very difficult to test an apparatus in which a large elastic body (coil spring or the like) is installed in the large first cylinder 2 by experiments. However, since the small second cylinder 3 can be manufactured and experimentally inspected, it is possible to provide a highly accurate one.

  Thirdly, the degree of freedom of attachment of the damping mechanism 1 can be improved. That is, since the first cylinder 2 does not have an elastic body such as a huge coil spring, the first cylinder 2 becomes small and the degree of freedom of installation on a crane or the like is improved. Further, since the first cylinder 2 and the plurality of second cylinders 3 are connected by a fluid flow path, the first cylinder 2 and the second cylinder 3 can be installed at different locations.

  The neutral point of the first cylinder 2 is determined by the amount of fluid sealed in the A chamber L1 of the first cylinder 2 and the A chamber L2 of the plurality of second cylinders 3, the B chamber R1 of the first cylinder 2, and the plurality of chambers. The amount of fluid sealed in the B chamber R2 of the second cylinder 3 can be adjusted. Therefore, the neutral point of the first cylinder 2 can be easily determined and can be easily changed. That is, since the neutral point of the first cylinder 2 can be adjusted afterwards, the positioning at the time of installation work on a crane or the like is facilitated.

  In addition, although the 1st cylinder 2 and the 2nd cylinder 3 of FIG. 1 are comprised with the double rod cylinder, you may comprise this with a single rod cylinder. With this configuration, the entire apparatus can be made compact. That is, since only one of the rods protrudes from the cylinders 2 and 3, there is no need to provide a space for the rod to stroke on the other side.

  Here, for example, when a single rod cylinder having a rod on the right side (B chamber side) in FIG. 1 is used, the sum of the cross sectional area of the A chamber L1 and the cross sectional area of the A chamber L2 is the same. Similarly, the sum of the cross-sectional area of the B chamber R1 (excluding the rod portion) and the cross-sectional area of the B chamber R2 (excluding the rod portion) are the same.

  That is, the sum of the fluid change amount in the A chamber L1 of the first cylinder 2 and the fluid change amount in the A chamber L2 of the second cylinder 3 is equal, and this fluid change amount causes the first piston 5 and the second piston 7 to change. Stroke amount is determined automatically. The amount of fluid change in the B chamber R1 of the first cylinder 2 that is naturally determined from this stroke amount must be the same as the sum of the amount of fluid change in the B chamber R2 of the second cylinder 3 that is naturally determined from the stroke amount. . When the above conditions are not satisfied, the first cylinder 2 and the second cylinder 3 cannot slide. The design having the same cross-sectional area can be realized by changing the rod diameter of the single rod cylinder.

  Further, when both rod cylinders are used, the rod diameters of the A chamber side L1, L2 and the B chamber side R1, R2 may be different. At this time, the sum of the cross-sectional area of the A chamber L1 and the cross-sectional area of the A chamber L2 is made the same as in the case of using the single rod cylinder. Similarly, the sum of the cross-sectional area of the B chamber R1 (excluding the rod portion) and the cross-sectional area of the B chamber R2 (excluding the rod portion) are the same.

  Further, when a single rod cylinder is adopted as the second cylinder 3, the elastic body 8 may be installed on the rod protruding outside the cylinder 3. In addition, when a double rod cylinder is employ | adopted, the elastic body 8 can also be installed in the rod of both sides, and can also be installed only in the rod of one side.

  In addition, it is good also as a structure which installs the elastic body 8 in the cylinder side of a single rod cylinder or a double rod cylinder. That is, a guide is installed in the cylinder so that the cylinder itself can slide in the longitudinal direction. Brackets or the like may be provided by projecting from the cylinder, and the elastic body 8 may be installed.

  Next, an example in which the damping mechanism 1 is applied to the seismic isolation device 26 of the crane 11 will be described. FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of the trapezoidal link leg 20 of the quay crane 11. The trapezoidal link leg 20 includes a sea-side swing leg 23a extending upward (for example, in a vertical direction) from a sea-side sill beam 22a on the sea-side traveling device 21a, and a land side (left side in FIG. 2) with respect to the sea-side swing leg 23a. The sea side link leg 24a which inclines in the direction. The sea side link leg 24a is installed on a horizontal member (hereinafter referred to as portal tie beam) 25 via a sea side seismic isolation device 26a. The land side has the same structure as the sea side.

  Each swing leg 23 (sea side swing leg 23a, land side swing leg 23b) and link leg 24 (sea side link leg 24a, land side link leg 24b) swings in the sea land direction (left and right direction in FIG. 2). Each end has a pin joint so that it can be moved (moved). By this link mechanism, the trapezoidal link leg 20 can be deformed in the sea-land direction.

  Next, the operation and control of the trapezoidal link leg 20 will be described. During normal times when the crane 11 performs a container handling operation or the like, the trapezoidal link leg 20 is fixed to be in a rigid state. Specifically, the sea-side swing leg 23a and the land-side swing leg 23b are respectively fixed to the sea-side leg and the land-side leg located above by a shear pin or the like. Similarly, the movement of the sea side seismic isolation device 26a and the land side seismic isolation device 26b is fixed by the damping mechanism 1A with the lock valve 9 closed, and the sea side link leg 24a and the land side link leg 24b are fixed to the portal tie beam 25. It is fixed. When an earthquake occurs, the trapezoidal link leg 20 is deformed in the sea-land direction by breaking the shear pin or the like and opening the trigger valve (lock valve) 9.

FIG. 3 shows an enlarged view of the land-side seismic isolation device 26b having the damping mechanism 1A. This land-side seismic isolation device 26b is configured by combining a horizontal slider mechanism and a damping mechanism 1A. In addition, although description demonstrates the land side seismic isolation apparatus 26b as an example, the sea side seismic isolation apparatus 26a can also be comprised similarly. The land-side seismic isolation device 26b has a pin joint 1 on the upper end of the land-side link leg 24b.
9 is installed. The land-side seismic isolation device 26b has a roller 27 for moving on the portal tie beam 25 in the sea-land direction. Further, the land-side seismic isolation device 26 b includes a damping mechanism 1 </ b> A between the portal tie beam 25. In addition, a stopper 29 is provided to limit unlimited movement of the land-side seismic isolation device 26b.

  The damping mechanism 1 </ b> A includes a first cylinder 2, a trigger valve (lock valve) 9, and a plurality of second cylinders 3. The rod that is the end of the first piston 5 of the first cylinder 2 is fixed to the slider mechanism of the land-side seismic isolation device 26b. The first cylinder 2 is installed on the lower surface of the portal tie beam 25, and the plurality of second cylinders 3 are installed on the upper surface of the portal tie beam 25.

  Next, operations of the land side seismic isolation device 26b and the damping mechanism 1A will be described. When an earthquake occurs, the damping mechanism 1A detects the occurrence of the earthquake with a sensor or the like, opens the trigger valve 9, and makes the first piston 5 slidable. By this control, the land-side seismic isolation device 26 b is movable with respect to the portal tie beam 25. This land-side seismic isolation device 26b absorbs the seismic motion by moving in the sea-land direction so that the seismic motion is not transmitted to the crane 11. Further, the ground motion is attenuated by the attenuation mechanism 1A. Further, a restoring force that tries to return to the neutral point acts on the first piston 5 of the damping mechanism 1A. Due to this restoring force, the restoring force also acts on the land-side seismic isolation device 26.

  Therefore, after the earthquake, the restoration work of the crane 11 is completed only by closing the trigger valve 9 and fixing the land-side seismic isolation device 26b, and fixing the land-side swing leg 23b and the land-side leg located above. .

  As described above, by installing the seismic isolation device 26 (26a and 26b) on the portal tie beam 25, which is a large member, the moving range of the seismic isolation device 26 can be increased. That is, the seismic isolation device 26 having the roller 27 on the portal tie beam 25 can easily move about ± 1000 mm in the sea-land direction. Therefore, the crane 11 can obtain an effective seismic isolation effect for a large-scale earthquake.

  Moreover, the structure using the damping mechanism 1A can effectively attenuate the movement of the seismic isolation device 26. Furthermore, recovery work after an earthquake can be easily performed. Since the first cylinder 2 of the damping mechanism 1A does not have an elastic body such as a coil spring, it can be configured in a small size.

  In addition, since the plurality of second cylinders 3 can be installed at an arbitrary place different from the installation place of the first cylinder 2, the degree of freedom in attaching the damping device 1A can be improved. In particular, when the second cylinder 3 is installed on the upper surface of the portal tie beam 25, the maintainability of the second cylinder 3 can be improved. This is because the portal tie beam 25 is a large member, and an operator's work area can be secured on the upper surface.

  With the configuration in which the first cylinder 2 and the second cylinder 3 are connected by a fluid flow path such as a hydraulic circuit, the installation positions of the plurality of second cylinders 3 may be the traveling device 21, the sill beam 22, or the swing leg 23. it can. With this configuration, the installation position of the second cylinder 3 can be changed to a position where it is easy for an operator to perform regular maintenance.

Next, an example in which the damping mechanism 1 is applied to a tension device 45 that constitutes a vibration damping device for the low profile crane 40 will be described. FIG. 4 shows an outline of the low profile crane 40. The crane 40 shown in FIG. 4 has a frame-shaped upper structure 43 on the upper part of the leg structure 31. A sliding boom (hereinafter referred to as a boom) 41 is arranged inside the upper structure 43. The upper structure 43 includes a slide roller (hereinafter referred to as a roller) 42. A boom 41 is movably disposed on the roller 42. The boom 41 can move in the left-right direction in FIG.

  In addition, a wire rope drum (hereinafter referred to as a drum) 44 is installed in the upper structure 43. A wire rope 46 is fed out or wound up from the drum 44. The wire ropes 46 come out of the drum 44 and are fixed to the end portions of the booms 41, respectively.

  The drum 44 is configured so that, for example, when the sea-side wire rope 46 is wound, the wire rope 46 having the same length is fed out to the land side. The crane 40 also has a tensioning device 45 between each end of the drum 44 and the sliding boom 41. A wire rope 46 is passed through each tensioning device 45.

  FIG. 5 shows an outline of the tensioning device 45. The tensioning device 45 has a drawer sheave 49, a moving sheave 50, a return sheave 51, and a damping mechanism (first cylinder 2 or the like) 1B inside a casing 48. Then, the wire rope 46 fed out from the drum 44 is passed from the draw sheave 49 to the moving sheave 50 and sent to the end of the sliding boom 41 via the return sheave 51. That is, the wire rope 46 drawn out from the drum 44 is configured to be detoured by the tensioning device 45 and fixed to the end of the boom 46.

  Next, the operation of the tensioning device 45 will be described. The tensioning device 45 operates to control the tension generated in the wire rope 46 by moving the relative position of the moving sheave 50 with respect to the drawer sheave 49 and the return sheave 51 by the operation of the damping mechanism 1B. FIG. 5A shows a state of the tensioning device 45 when the crane 11 performs cargo handling or moves (slides) the boom 41 (hereinafter, referred to as normal time). At this time, the first cylinder 2 of the damping mechanism 1B is contracted, and the moving sheave 50 is at a position (about 0.2 to 1.20 m) away from the drawer sheave 49 (or the return sheave 51). . The wire rope 46 is in a state where a certain tension is applied (a state in which there is no sag).

  FIG. 5B shows the state of the tensioning device 45 when an earthquake occurs. At this time, the first cylinder 2 of the damping mechanism 1B is extended, and the moving sheave 50 is positioned close to the drawer sheave 49 (or the return sheave 51) (about 0.02 to 0.20 m). That is, when an earthquake occurs, the tensioning device 45 operates and the first cylinder 2 becomes slidable. Accordingly, the boom 41 fixed by the wire rope 46 can freely move on the roller 42.

  With the above configuration, the following operational effects can be obtained. That is, when the leg structure 31 and the upper structure 43 vibrate due to an earthquake, the boom 41 can swing at a different period from this vibration, and the vibration generated in the crane 11 can be attenuated. That is, since the crane 11 can use the sliding boom 41 that is a super-heavy object (300 to 400 t) as a damping mass, a high damping effect can be obtained without increasing the weight of the crane 11.

  Note that the length by which the first cylinder 2 extends is determined by the distance by which the boom 41 swings. That is, it differs depending on the size of the crane 11 and the type and scale of the earthquake that is assumed. As a specific example of the length that the first cylinder 2 extends, for example, it is preferable that the length is about 0.2 to 1.0 m, and more preferably about 0.5 m.

Further, when the earthquake occurs, the drum 44 is braked so that the wire rope 46 is not fed out or wound. This is because the drum 44 is braked when there is an earthquake, a power failure, etc., and there is no power supply such as electricity, and when power is supplied, it is controlled so that the force to release the brake works. This is because it is desirable to prevent accidents.

  FIG. 6 shows an outline of the damping mechanism 1B. The damping mechanism 1B has at least two units each including a plurality of second cylinders 3 and trigger valves 9. In addition, a pressure is applied to the first cylinder 2 provided with the moving sheave 50 by a hydraulic pump 53 via a control valve 52 that controls a direction in which a fluid (oil or the like) flows. In addition, you may comprise the 1st cylinder 2 and the 2nd cylinder 3 with a single rod cylinder like the above-mentioned. Further, the control valve 52 can be constituted by a solenoid valve.

  Next, control of the damping mechanism 1B will be described. During normal operation, the direction of fluid flow is controlled by a control valve 52 formed of a solenoid valve. By this control, the wire rope 46 can be slackened and the tension generated in the wire rope 46 can be adjusted. That is, in the flow path of the damping mechanism B1, control is performed so that the internal pressure on the moving sheave 50 side (B chamber R1) of the first cylinder 2 is kept constant, and when this internal pressure decreases, the control valve 52 is automatically 6 is controlled to increase the internal pressure of the B chamber R1. When the internal pressure reaches a predetermined value, the control valve 52 is controlled to be in a closed state (state shown in FIG. 6). Further, for the purpose of reducing the cost, the control valve 52 may be moved upward in FIG. 6 when the internal pressure is excessively increased so as not to have a circuit (cross circuit) for reducing the internal pressure.

  When an earthquake occurs, the trigger valve 9 is opened, and control is performed so that the fluid filled in the first cylinder 2 can move between the plurality of second cylinders 3. That is, the first piston 5 of the first cylinder 2 can freely move by an external force (self-weight of the moving sheave 50 or generation of tension on the wire rope 46 due to the swing of the boom 41). As a result, when the earthquake occurs, the state in which the boom 41 is fixed by the wire rope 46 is released, and the boom 41 becomes a swingable state as a damping mass. Further, the vibration damping mechanism B1 attenuates the swing of the boom 41.

  The trigger valve 9 is preferably a solenoid valve that can be automatically controlled to the open side by the action of a spring or the like when no voltage is applied. With this configuration, the trigger valve 9 can be opened even when a power failure occurs with an earthquake. Further, when the crane 11 is restored after the earthquake occurs, the first piston 5 of the first cylinder 2 becomes a neutral point by the action of the restoring force of the elastic body 8 included in the plurality of second cylinders 3. Therefore, the crane 11 can be restored only by closing the trigger valve 9 and controlling the control valve 52 to slightly adjust the pressure in the first cylinder 2.

  Moreover, the detection of an earthquake can be performed with an accelerometer or a seismometer installed in the crane 11. Based on this earthquake detection signal, the control of stopping the electricity flowing through the trigger valve 9 and releasing the boom 41 can provide a highly responsive vibration damping effect. Alternatively, the trigger valve 9 may be mechanically fixed by a shear pin, and the trigger valve 9 may be opened by breaking the shear pin when an earthquake occurs.

  In addition, the spring constant of the first cylinder 2 can be made variable by a configuration in which a plurality of units having the plurality of second cylinders 3 and the trigger valves 9 are installed (two units are installed in FIG. 6). . For example, when a large-scale earthquake is predicted based on information such as earthquake bulletin, a plurality of trigger valves 9 are opened and the spring constant of the first cylinder 2 is increased. Further, when a small-scale earthquake is expected, the number of trigger valves 9 to be opened is reduced, and the spring constant of the first cylinder 2 is lowered. By this control, the vibration of the boom 41 can be appropriately damped.

In addition, during the earthquake occurrence, the trigger valve 9 to be opened and the trigger valve 9 to be closed are controlled in real time, so that the spring constant of the first cylinder 2 is changed in real time so as to obtain a high damping effect. Also good.

  Furthermore, it is also possible to configure the unit by changing the number of second cylinders 3 to be arranged or changing the spring constant of the elastic body 8 to be installed. In addition, the structure may be changed at the time of maintenance, and the damping mechanism 1 that optimally copes with earthquake motions having different conditions for each region may be used.

  As described above, it is possible to provide the high-performance seismic isolation damping mechanism 1, 1 </ b> A, 1 </ b> B that can be used for the seismic isolation device and the damping device. Note that the damping mechanism 1 can be used in devices other than the above-described seismic isolation devices and vibration control devices.

1 Damping mechanism (damping mechanism for seismic isolation)
2 1st cylinder 3 2nd cylinder 4 1st casing 5 1st piston 6 2nd casing 7 2nd piston 8 Elastic body 9 Lock valve (trigger valve)
10 Throttle valve (orifice)
11 Quay cranes L1, L2 A room R1, R2 B room

Claims (5)

In the damping mechanism with spring mechanism and damper mechanism,
The damping mechanism includes a first cylinder, a plurality of second cylinders that are smaller than the first cylinder,
The first cylinder has a first casing filled with fluid, and a first piston arranged so as to separate the inside of the first casing into a chamber A and a chamber B,
The second cylinder has a second casing filled with fluid, a second piston arranged to separate the interior of the second casing into a chamber A and a chamber B, and maintains the position of the second piston at a neutral point. Having an elastic body to
The A chamber of the first cylinder and the A chambers of the plurality of second cylinders are respectively connected by the flow path through which the fluid flows, and the fluid flows through the B chamber of the first cylinder and the B chamber of the second cylinder, respectively. A damping mechanism characterized in that a throttle valve is installed in the flow path. Installed in at least one of the seismic isolation device or damping device of the quay crane,
The seismic isolation damping mechanism includes a first cylinder, a first casing that is smaller than the first cylinder and has a plurality of second cylinders, wherein the first cylinder is filled with fluid, A first piston disposed so as to separate the inside of one casing into a chamber A and a chamber B, the second cylinder being filled with a fluid, and the interior of the second casing being divided into chambers A and B A second piston arranged to be separated into the chamber, and an elastic body for maintaining the position of the second piston at a neutral point,
The A chamber of the first cylinder and the A chambers of the plurality of second cylinders are respectively connected by the flow path through which the fluid flows, and the fluid flows through the B chamber of the first cylinder and the B chamber of the second cylinder, respectively. A damping mechanism for seismic isolation control, characterized in that a throttle valve is installed in the flow path. A lock valve is installed in the flow path connecting the first cylinder and the second cylinder,
When an earthquake occurs, the lock valve opens the closed flow path so that the fluid can move between the A chamber of the first cylinder and the A chambers of the plurality of second cylinders. 3. The seismic isolation damping damping mechanism according to claim 2, wherein the fluid is movable between the B chamber of one cylinder and the B chambers of the plurality of second cylinders.   The seismic isolation vibration control device according to claim 3, wherein a unit is formed by communicating the lock valve and the plurality of second cylinders, and the plurality of units are communicated with the first cylinder. Damping mechanism.   A quay crane comprising the damping mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 4 installed at least in a seismic isolation device or a vibration control device.

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