JP5237314B2 - ディーゼルエンジン - Google Patents
ディーゼルエンジン Download PDFInfo
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- JP5237314B2 JP5237314B2 JP2010035321A JP2010035321A JP5237314B2 JP 5237314 B2 JP5237314 B2 JP 5237314B2 JP 2010035321 A JP2010035321 A JP 2010035321A JP 2010035321 A JP2010035321 A JP 2010035321A JP 5237314 B2 JP5237314 B2 JP 5237314B2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
- F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
- F02B23/0645—Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray
- F02B23/0669—Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray having multiple fuel spray jets per injector nozzle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/02—Valve drive
- F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
- F01L1/08—Shape of cams
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
- F01L1/14—Tappets; Push rods
- F01L1/16—Silencing impact; Reducing wear
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
- F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
- F02B23/0618—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston having in-cylinder means to influence the charge motion
- F02B23/0624—Swirl flow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
- F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
- F02B23/0636—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston the combustion space having a substantially flat and horizontal bottom
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
- F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
- F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
- F02D13/0223—Variable control of the intake valves only
- F02D13/0234—Variable control of the intake valves only changing the valve timing only
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
- F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
- F02D13/0257—Independent control of two or more intake or exhaust valves respectively, i.e. one of two intake valves remains closed or is opened partially while the other is fully opened
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
- F02M61/1806—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
- F02M61/1813—Discharge orifices having different orientations with respect to valve member direction of movement, e.g. orientations being such that fuel jets emerging from discharge orifices collide with each other
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
- F02M61/1806—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
- F02M61/182—Discharge orifices being situated in different transversal planes with respect to valve member direction of movement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
- F01L1/14—Tappets; Push rods
- F01L1/146—Push-rods
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
- F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
- F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
- F01L1/181—Centre pivot rocking arms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/26—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of two or more valves operated simultaneously by same transmitting-gear; peculiar to machines or engines with more than two lift-valves per cylinder
- F01L1/267—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of two or more valves operated simultaneously by same transmitting-gear; peculiar to machines or engines with more than two lift-valves per cylinder with means for varying the timing or the lift of the valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/02—Valve drive
- F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
- F01L1/047—Camshafts
- F01L2001/054—Camshafts in cylinder block
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L2003/25—Valve configurations in relation to engine
- F01L2003/253—Valve configurations in relation to engine configured parallel to piston axis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2305/00—Valve arrangements comprising rollers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F02B2275/14—Direct injection into combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
- F02D2041/001—Controlling intake air for engines with variable valve actuation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D2041/389—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type for injecting directly into the cylinder
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
Description
請求項1においては、吸入空気のスワール流(W)が発生している燃焼室(15)内に、多噴口構造の燃料噴射ノズル(4)から燃料を直接噴射して、複数の燃料噴霧を形成するディーゼルエンジン(1)において、隣設する噴口からの燃料噴霧の重なりを減少する重複回避構成を備え、該重複回避構成として、前記燃焼室(15)内に空気を吸入する吸気弁(3c)の閉弁動作の開始点を吸気下死点(B)前に設定するバルブタイミング機構(17)を設け、前記閉弁動作において、前記吸気弁(3c)の閉弁動作の開始時期(51a)と終了時期(51b)を、前記吸気下死点(B)の前後の時期に設定すると共に、閉弁動作の途中に、該吸気弁(3c)の着座速度を減速して着座の衝撃を緩和する緩衝区間(52)を設け、該緩衝区間(52)の開始時期(51c)を、前記吸気下死点(B)前の時期に設定し、該吸気弁(3c)が吸気下死点(B)に至るまでの間、着座面に徐々に接近すべく構成したものである。
請求項2においては、請求項1記載のディーゼルエンジンにおいて、前記重複回避構成として、前記バルブタイミング機構(17)に加えて、燃料噴射ノズル(4)に異径多噴口構造を設け、該異径多噴口構造は、噴射部(33)の上下に、複数の、上段噴口(34a)と下段噴口(35a)を形成し、該上段噴口(34a)は、該燃料噴射ノズル(4)のノズル軸心(36)を中心とした同一円周上に、周方向に等間隔をあけて配置され、更に、各上段噴口(34a)は、俯角(D1)の上段噴口中心線(43)が前記噴射部(33)の半球側面(33a)の球心(40)を通過し、半球側面(33a)に対して直角に開口され、前記下段噴口(35a)は、該ノズル軸心(36)を中心とした同一円周上に、周方向に等間隔をあけて配置され、更に、各下段噴口(35a)は、俯角(D2)の下段噴口中心線(44)が前記噴射部(33)の半球側面(33a)の球心(40)を通過し、半球側面(33a)に対して直角に開口され、該上段噴口(34a)の俯角(D1)は、下段噴口(35a)の俯角(D2)よりも小さく構成し、該上段噴口(34a)の噴口長さ(L1)と下段噴口(35a)の噴口長さ(L2)とは同一長さとし、該上段噴口(34a)の噴口径(d1)は、下段噴口(35a)の噴口径(d2)よりも大きく構成したものである。
請求項1の如く構成したことにより、前記バルブタイミング機構では、閉弁動作を開始した後は、吸気弁により吸気流路が徐々に閉塞されていくため、ピストンが吸気下死点に至るまでの間、吸気流が制限を受けた状態で吸気行程が継続される。これにより、吸入空気を断熱膨張させてシリンダ内の吸気温度を低くすることができ、燃焼最高温度を低下させてNOx生成量を低減することができる。
この際、タイミングリタードを行う場合とは違って、初期燃焼の後に供給される燃料の割合が多くなることはない。
更に、前記バルブタイミング機構では、吸気弁の開弁動作開始から閉弁動作開始までの時間(以下、「開弁時間」とする)を短縮して、スワール流が発生しやすい高リフト部での吸気量を制限すると共に、吸入空気を膨張させることにより、吸気に伴うスワール流を小さくすることができ、多噴口構造の場合でも、複数の燃料噴霧がスワール流に湾曲されて生じる重複を減少することができる。
これにより、噴霧重複域を小さくして燃料濃度の局部的な上昇を軽減することができ、不完全燃焼を抑制して安定した燃費の向上と黒煙発生量の低減を図ることができる。
また、吸気下死点で燃焼室内に大きな圧力変動が生じる前に、吸気弁の着座速度を減速することができ、圧力変動下であっても吸気弁が着座面に激しく衝突しないようにして、吸気弁または着座面の損傷を防止することができる。
請求項2の如く構成したことにより、前記ディーゼルエンジンにおいて、吸気条件の変動等により、たとえ大きいスワール流が発生しても、高速な旋回外側を通過する燃料噴霧ほど貫徹力を増加させることができ、各燃料噴霧の貫徹力をスワール流から受ける湾曲力に応じて適正化することができる。
これにより、燃料噴霧の先部が燃焼室の壁面に接触して多量のカーボンが堆積するのを最小限に抑えつつ、噴霧重複域を小さくして燃料濃度の局部的な上昇を軽減することができ、燃焼室内の空気利用率を向上させて、大きいスワール流が発生した場合にも安定した燃費の向上と黒煙発生量の低減を図ることができる。
3c 吸気弁3c
4 燃料噴射ノズル
15 燃焼室
17 バルブタイミング機構
29a・50a・51a 時期(閉弁動作の開始点)
34・35 噴口列
34a・35a 噴口
45・46 燃料噴霧
51c 時期(緩衝区間の開始点)
52 緩衝区間
B 吸気下死点
D 俯角
d1 噴口径
W スワール流
Claims (2)
- 吸入空気のスワール流(W)が発生している燃焼室(15)内に、多噴口構造の燃料噴射ノズル(4)から燃料を直接噴射して、複数の燃料噴霧を形成するディーゼルエンジン(1)において、隣設する噴口からの燃料噴霧の重なりを減少する重複回避構成を備え、該重複回避構成として、前記燃焼室(15)内に空気を吸入する吸気弁(3c)の閉弁動作の開始点を吸気下死点(B)前に設定するバルブタイミング機構(17)を設け、前記閉弁動作において、前記吸気弁(3c)の閉弁動作の開始時期(51a)と終了時期(51b)を、前記吸気下死点(B)の前後の時期に設定すると共に、閉弁動作の途中に、該吸気弁(3c)の着座速度を減速して着座の衝撃を緩和する緩衝区間(52)を設け、該緩衝区間(52)の開始時期(51c)を、前記吸気下死点(B)前の時期に設定し、該吸気弁(3c)が吸気下死点(B)に至るまでの間、着座面に徐々に接近すべく構成したことを特徴とするディーゼルエンジン。
- 請求項1記載のディーゼルエンジンにおいて、前記重複回避構成として、前記バルブタイミング機構(17)に加えて、燃料噴射ノズル(4)に異径多噴口構造を設け、該異径多噴口構造は、噴射部(33)の上下に、複数の、上段噴口(34a)と下段噴口(35a)を形成し、該上段噴口(34a)は、該燃料噴射ノズル(4)のノズル軸心(36)を中心とした同一円周上に、周方向に等間隔をあけて配置され、更に、各上段噴口(34a)は、俯角(D1)の上段噴口中心線(43)が前記噴射部(33)の半球側面(33a)の球心(40)を通過し、半球側面(33a)に対して直角に開口され、前記下段噴口(35a)は、該ノズル軸心(36)を中心とした同一円周上に、周方向に等間隔をあけて配置され、更に、各下段噴口(35a)は、俯角(D2)の下段噴口中心線(44)が前記噴射部(33)の半球側面(33a)の球心(40)を通過し、半球側面(33a)に対して直角に開口され、該上段噴口(34a)の俯角(D1)は、下段噴口(35a)の俯角(D2)よりも小さく構成し、該上段噴口(34a)の噴口長さ(L1)と下段噴口(35a)の噴口長さ(L2)とは同一長さとし、該上段噴口(34a)の噴口径(d1)は、下段噴口(35a)の噴口径(d2)よりも大きく構成したことを特徴とするディーゼルエンジン。
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CN201180009686.5A CN102762819B (zh) | 2010-02-19 | 2011-02-09 | 柴油发动机 |
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JP3546524B2 (ja) | 1995-04-28 | 2004-07-28 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | 直接噴射式ディーゼルエンジン |
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CN102762819B (zh) | 2015-05-06 |
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WO2011102269A1 (ja) | 2011-08-25 |
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