JP5230692B2 - Nonaqueous electrolyte battery separator - Google Patents

Description

The present invention is related to a separator for nonaqueous electrolyte batteries.

Conventionally, small secondary batteries have been widely used as power sources for portable electronic devices such as OA, FA, home appliances, communication devices, etc., and when equipped with devices, they have good volumetric efficiency, making the devices smaller and lighter. Therefore, portable devices using lithium ion secondary batteries are increasing.
On the other hand, large secondary batteries are being researched and developed in many fields related to environmental issues such as load leveling, uninterruptible power supply (UPS), and electric vehicles, and have large capacity, high output, and high voltage. The use of lithium ion secondary batteries, which are a kind of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, is expanding from the viewpoint of excellent long-term storage.

The working voltage of a lithium ion secondary battery is usually designed with an upper limit of 4.1 to 4.2V. At such a high voltage, the aqueous solution causes electrolysis and cannot be used as an electrolyte. Therefore, a so-called non-aqueous electrolyte using an organic solvent is used as an electrolyte that can withstand a high voltage.
As the solvent for the nonaqueous electrolyte, a high dielectric constant organic solvent capable of causing more lithium ions to be present is used, and organic carbonates such as polypropylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate are used as the high dielectric constant organic solvent. Yes. Further, as a supporting electrolyte that becomes a lithium ion source in a solvent, a highly reactive electrolyte such as lithium hexafluorophosphate is dissolved in the solvent and used.
When the above non-aqueous electrolyte is used, the permeability to the separator is delayed as compared with an electrolyte made of an aqueous solution, so that the initial wettability is lowered. Therefore, there is a problem that it takes a long time to inject the nonaqueous electrolyte and the productivity is deteriorated. Therefore, a separator having good wettability (permeability) with respect to a non-aqueous electrolyte injected at room temperature is required.

In addition, since the separator of the lithium ion secondary battery is interposed in direct contact with the positive electrode and the negative electrode, insulation is required from the viewpoint of preventing an internal short circuit, and the permeability and electrolyte of the lithium ion passage are used. In order to provide a diffusion / holding function, a microporous structure is required, and a shutdown function is required to melt and block the holes when abnormal heat is generated.
From this safety point of view, when a high temperature (140 to 160 ° C.) state is reached, the fine holes opened in the separator are blocked, and as a result, ion conduction inside the battery is blocked, and the temperature inside the battery thereafter increases. There is provided a separator having a microporous film made of a polyolefin resin having a shutdown function capable of preventing the above.
However, if the battery temperature continues to rise for some reason after shutdown and exceeds the heat resistance temperature of the separator, the separator melts, and the separation between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is significantly reduced, causing a short circuit in the battery, In the worst case, the battery may ignite.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the inorganic-containing porous material having excellent heat resistance composed of a kneaded material containing 30 to 70% by weight of mineral oil as a plasticizer with respect to a mixture of polyolefin resin and inorganic powder or inorganic fiber. A membrane separator is provided in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-50287 (Patent Document 1).
However, when manufacturing porous films for separators using polyolefin resin and inorganic powder as raw materials, the polyethylene resin and inorganic powder are mixed with a plasticizer consisting of a large amount of mineral oil, and this mixture is formed into a sheet. After the primary processing to perform, secondary processing to stretch and roll the sheet to provide pores, a step of extracting and removing the blended mineral oil with an organic solvent is necessary. In this extraction step, a large amount of organic There is a problem that productivity is poor, such as using a solvent or the like and increasing the number of processes.

JP-A-2001-164015 (Patent Document 2) provides a porous film made of a polypropylene resin, a filler, and an amide plasticizer.
However, polypropylene has a high melting point and is difficult to block at an abnormally high temperature, and a shutdown function cannot be expected. Therefore, although it can be used as a separator for a large-capacity battery system, it is not currently used as a separator for consumer batteries.
Moreover, since the porous film disclosed in Patent Document 2 uses polypropylene, it is difficult to produce a film having uniform permeability, and it is difficult to maintain the film at a specific thickness and a specific thickness accuracy. . Therefore, since the thickness of the film is difficult to be uniform, a thin portion is easily torn when pressure is applied, and there is a problem in insulation. And when winding a positive electrode, a separator, and a negative electrode in a spiral shape using a winding core, since the film is easily torn, it is difficult to cut and a battery cannot be manufactured stably.

Furthermore, JP-A-2003-82139 (Patent Document 3) includes a high-density polyethylene resin, a filler made of calcium carbonate, and the like, and a plasticizer of a low molecular weight compound such as an aliphatic hydrocarbon having a molecular weight of 200 to 500 or a higher alcohol. There is provided a porous film formed by forming a sheet from the kneaded product of the resin composition and stretching the sheet.
However, as a result of further trial by the inventor, when the plasticizer is used, it is practically difficult to make a separator having a uniform pore diameter, and it is very difficult to control the thickness accuracy to the target accuracy. there were. Therefore, when winding the positive electrode, separator and negative electrode in a spiral shape using a cylindrical, rhombus or flat core, etc., it cannot be stored in a predetermined size and cannot be accommodated in a battery can, Even if it could be accommodated, there was a case where a short circuit occurred due to local pressure.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-50287 JP 2001-164015 A JP 2003-82139 A

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and can uniformly control the thickness of the porous film within the optimum range of thickness, and maintains insulation without risk of rupture due to volatilization of the plasticizer contained in the separator. can, and wettability with the electrolytic membrane, retention is an object to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte battery separator comprising a porous film is good.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor has intensively studied a plasticizer that particularly affects the moldability and stretchability of the film. As a result, the present inventors have a liquid (room temperature liquid) at 25 ° C and a boiling point of 140 ° C or higher. When a certain plasticizer is used, the thickness accuracy of the film to be molded can be controlled, there is no risk of rupture due to volatilization, insulation is high, and wettability with a non-aqueous electrolyte at room temperature can be improved. I found out.

Based on the above findings, the present invention provides a filler comprising a thermoplastic resin (A) made of high-density polyethylene having a density of 0.94 g / cm ³ or more and a melt flow rate of 0.01 to 1 g / 10 min , and a filler. (B) as an inorganic filler;
A plasticizer (C) comprising an ester compound or a liquid silicone which is liquid at 25 ° C. and has a boiling point of 140 ° C. or higher and a kinematic viscosity at 25 ° C. of less than 1000 mm ² / sec,
The blending ratio of the thermoplastic resin (A), the filler (B) and the plasticizer (C) is (B) 50 to 400 parts by mass, (C) 1 to 30 parts by mass with respect to (A) 100 parts by mass. In the film composed of the resin composition blended in, the film is provided with pores starting from the filler by stretching the film at a stretching ratio of 4.5 times in the longitudinal direction and 3.5 to 4 times in the transverse direction,
The thickness is 30 to 15 microns, the average thickness is 30 to 15 microns, and the maximum and minimum thicknesses are ± 6 to 20 of the average thickness. %, A separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery comprising a porous film,
The porous film is allowed to stand for 1 hour at a pressure of 1000 Pa or less, and after drying the film, the lower part of the film is immersed in 1 cm in a non-aqueous electrolyte, and the time required for the liquid to rise 5 cm from the liquid surface is 90 to 90 A separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery characterized by being 200 sec is provided.

The above-mentioned plasticizer is liquid at 25 ° C., which means that the endothermic peak at the time of melting is clearly 25 ° C. or less as measured by DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) , and the plasticizer of the present invention is 25 ° C. Have a kinematic viscosity of less than 1000 mm ² / sec . The boiling point of 140 ° C. or higher, a kinematic viscosity at 140 ° C. defined below 100 0m m ² / sec, or those having a boiling point of clear 140 ° C. or higher.

As the plasticizer, liquid at 25 ° C., boiling point Ri der 140 ° C. or higher, and 25 of kinematic viscosity ° C. is used of less than 1000 mm ² / sec, the non-aqueous and is a liquid at 25 ° C. electrolyte and high initial wettability, because can enable time reduction of the electrolyte injection step. In other words, if the plasticizer is solid at 25 ° C., the initial wettability is lowered, and the electrolyte injection process takes time. On the other hand, if the boiling point of the plasticizer is 140 ° C. or higher, if the boiling point is less than 140 ° C., the one that is not liquid at 140 ° C. may be plasticized when heated to the softening point depending on the type of thermoplastic resin during stretching. This is because the agent volatilizes and large voids are generated, making it impossible to form a porous film having fine pores.

  Specifically, the wettability is determined by leaving the porous film of the present invention at 1000 Pa or less for 1 hour, drying the film, and immersing the lower part of the film in a nonaqueous electrolyte by 1 cm. The time required for the liquid to rise 5 cm from the liquid surface is in the range of 90 to 200 sec.

Further, as described above, soluble plasticizer of the present invention is Ru kinematic viscosity der less than 1000 mm ² / sec at 25 ° C..
This is because if the kinematic viscosity at 25 ° C. exceeds 1000 mm ² / sec, the wettability of the separator deteriorates when the nonaqueous electrolyte is injected at room temperature. The kinematic viscosity at 25 ° C. is preferably 500 mm ² / sec or less, and 1 mm ² / sec is the lower limit.

The plasticizer consisting of the ester compound, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, gamma - butyrolactone, gamma - valerolactone, at least one selected from among dimethyl sulfoxide containing Mukoto are preferred.

As usable as a plasticizer in and boiling liquid at 25 ° C. is 140 ° C. or higher, the ester compounds and other liquid silicone, amide compounds fatty acids, alcohol compounds, amine compounds, epoxy compounds, ether compounds, off Tsu-containing oil, liquid polyethers, liquid polybutenes, liquid polybutadienes, carboxylic acids, sulfonic acid salts, amine salts, carboxylic acid compounds, fluorine-based compound or the like may be used. Furthermore, it is described in the items of plasticizers P29 to P64 of “Plastics compounding agent” (published by Taiseisha Co., Ltd., November 30, 1987, second edition), and Table 4 of P49 to P50, and P52 to P54. The plasticizers (TCP, TOP, PS ESBO, etc.) listed in Table 6 can be used. However, a plasticizer having a melting point of 25 ° C. or higher and a boiling point of 140 ° C. or higher can be used.

A high density polyethylene having a density of 0.94 g / cm ³ or more and a melt flow rate of 0.01 to 1 g / 10 min or less is used as the thermoplastic resin (A), and the high density polyethylene is made of the thermoplastic resin (A). The main component contains 50 parts by mass or more in 100 parts by mass of the component.
The high-density polyethylene preferably has a density of 0.94 g / cm ³ or more, and more preferably a density of 0.95 g / cm ³ or more, in order to maintain the rigidity of the film to be molded. The upper limit is 0.97 g / cm ³ .
The high-density polyethylene has a melt flow rate of 1 g / 10 min or less, preferably 0.6 or less, more preferably 0.1 or less in order to maintain the strength of the film to be molded as required. When the melt flow rate is larger than 1 g / 10 min, stretching of 3 times or more becomes difficult, and the strength of the resulting porous film is lowered. As mentioned above, the lower limit is 0.01 / 10 minutes .

Examples of the high-density polyethylene having a density of 0.94 g / cm ³ or more and a melt flow rate of 1 g / 10 min or less include homopolymer polyethylene and copolymer polyethylene having an α-olefin comonomer content of 2 mol% or less. Polymer polyethylene is preferred. In addition, there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the kind of alpha-olefin comonomer.
A high-density polyethylene resin may be used alone, but may be a mixture with a thermoplastic resin such as a polyolefin resin, a fluorine resin, polystyrene, a vinyl acetate resin, an acrylic resin, a polyamide resin, an acecour resin, or a polycarbonate.
Preferably, polypropylene, low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, polybutene, propylene ethylene block copolymer, propylene ethylene random copolymer, and the like are used.

  The polymerization catalyst for the high density polyethylene is not particularly limited, and may be any one such as a Ziegler type catalyst, a Phillips type catalyst, or a Kaminsky type catalyst. As a method for polymerizing polyethylene, there are one-stage polymerization, two-stage polymerization, and more than one multi-stage polymerization, and any method may be used.

An inorganic filler is used as the filler (B) made of the filler, but an organic filler can be used in combination.
Examples of inorganic fillers include carbonates such as calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate and barium carbonate, sulfates such as calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate and barium sulfate, chlorides such as sodium chloride, calcium chloride and magnesium chloride, calcium oxide, In addition to oxides such as magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, and silica, silicates such as kuruku, clay, and mica may be used. Of these, barium sulfate is most preferred.

  The inorganic filler may be hydrophobized by coating the surface of the inorganic filler with a surface treatment agent in order to improve dispersibility in the resin. Examples of the surface treatment agent include higher fatty acids such as stearic acid and lauric acid, and metal salts thereof.

In the case of combining the organic filler so as not to melt the filler in the stretching temperature, high resin particles is favored over the melting point of the thermoplastic resin composed mainly of high-density polyethylene, a gel fraction of about 4% to 10% Cross-linked resin particles are more preferable.
Examples of organic fillers, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutenyl Chi terephthalate, polyphenylene off § id, polysulfone, polyether sulfone, polyether ether ketone, polytetrafluoroethylene, Examples thereof include thermoplastic resins such as polyimide, polyetherimide, melamine, and benzoguanamine, and thermosetting resins. Among these, crosslinked polystyrene is particularly preferable.

The average particle size of the inorganic filler composed of the filler is about 0.1 to 25 μm, preferably about 0.5 to 5 μm. When the average particle size is less than 0.1 μm, the dispersibility is reduced due to the aggregation of the fillers, causing uneven stretching, and the contact area at the interface between the thermoplastic resin and the filler is increased. Interfacial peeling is difficult and porosity is likely to be difficult. On the other hand, when the average particle size exceeds 25 μm, it becomes difficult to make the film thin, and the mechanical strength of the film is lowered.
For the reasons described above, barium sulfate or calcium carbonate having an average particle size of 0.1 to 25 μm is most preferably used as the filler comprising the filler used in the present invention.

As described above, the thermoplastic resin (A), the filler (B) and a plasticizer (C), the blending ratio relative to 100 parts by weight of (A), (B) 50 to 400 parts by weight, (C ) 1 to 30 parts by mass . The reason why the blending ratio is set is that when the filler is less than 50 parts by mass, the desired good air permeability is hardly exhibited, and the appearance and the texture are liable to deteriorate. On the other hand, when the filler exceeds 400 parts by mass, not only does it easily cause problems in the process such as resin burning, but also the film strength is greatly reduced.
When the plasticizer is less than 1 part by mass, the desired good stretchability is hardly exhibited, and the appearance and texture are liable to deteriorate. On the other hand, if the amount exceeds 30 parts by mass, problems during the process such as resin burning are likely to occur during film formation.
More preferably, with respect to the thermoplastic resin (A) 100 parts by mass of the filler is 50 to 300 parts by weight, a plasticizer from 1 to 20 mass parts.

Furthermore, in the porous film of the present invention, additives generally blended in the resin composition, for example, antioxidants, heat stabilizers, light stabilizers, ultraviolet absorbers, neutralizers, antifogging agents, antiblocking agents. In addition, an antistatic agent, a slip agent, a colorant, and the like may be blended within a range that does not impair the characteristics of the porous film.
Specifically, as the antioxidant described in P154 to P158 of the “plastics compounding agent”, the ultraviolet absorber described in P178 to P182, and the antistatic agent described in P271 to P275. A surfactant and a lubricant described in P283 to 294 are appropriately blended as necessary.

As described above, the porous film used as the separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention is formed by processing the melt-kneaded product of the resin composition as a film, and the formed film is stretched to be an empty space starting from the filler. A hole is provided, and an in-plane measurement is performed at 30 locations with a dial gauge of 1/1000 mm. The average thickness is 30 to 15 microns, and the maximum and minimum thicknesses are the average thickness. ± 6 to 20%.

The thickness of the porous film can be freely adjusted by the blending amount, type and stretching conditions (stretching ratio, stretching temperature, etc.) of the thermoplastic resin (A), filler (B), and plasticizer (C).
Porous fill beam of the present invention as compared to the case formulation with less filler (B), relatively large amounts filled with 50 to 400 parts by weight of filler (B) a thermoplastic resin (A) Therefore, since the strength is relatively low, it is important to sufficiently control the thickness and thickness accuracy.

Therefore, the thickness of the porous film is set in the range of 30 to 15 μm as described above by changing the above-described conditions and the like. This is because if the thickness is less than 15 μm, the film tends to be torn, whereas if it exceeds 30 μm, it is wound as a battery separator, and when the same winding diameter is used, the battery area is reduced and the battery capacity is reduced. It is.
In addition, as described above, the maximum thickness and the minimum value of thickness fluctuation are ± 6 to 20% of the average thickness. This is because if it exceeds ± 20 %, pressure is partially applied when wound as a separator, and the insulating properties of the separator are lowered.

The thickness of the porous film, as described above, in 1/1000 mm dial gauge, the in-plane measured 30 points in unspecified, and the average the thickness.
In addition, the thickness accuracy is represented by a deflection of a thickness of (maximum thickness or minimum thickness−average thickness) / average thickness × 100 (%).

The pores formed by stretching the porous film have a three-dimensional network shape and are communicated with the openings on both sides of the film so that gas and water vapor can be transmitted and liquid droplets cannot be transmitted. Specifically, the pore diameter is 0.3 μm or less and water droplets of 100 to 3000 μm are not allowed to pass through . Water vapor of about 0004 μm can be transmitted. The film thus obtained can be suitably used as a separator for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery, and a good nonaqueous electrolyte battery can be obtained.

The air permeability of the porous full I consists Lum cell separator over [sec / 100 cc] is 50 or more 500 or less, preferably set to 100~500 [sec / 100cc]. This is because if the air permeability is less than 50 [sec / 100 cc], the impregnation and retention of the electrolyte may be reduced, and the capacity of the secondary battery may be reduced, and the cycle performance may be reduced. . On the other hand, if the air permeability exceeds 500 [sec / 100 cc], the ion conductivity is lowered, and sufficient battery characteristics cannot be obtained when used as a separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery.
More preferably, it is 100 [sec / 100cc]-300 [sec / 100cc].
The air permeability (Gurley value) is in conformity with JIS P8117 was measured air permeability (sec / 100 cc).

The method for producing a porous film used as a separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to the present invention includes a thermoplastic resin as powder or pellets, a filler as powder, a plasticizer as liquid, a stretching aid as pellets, a Henschel mixer, a super The mixture is mixed with a powder mixer such as a mixer or tumbler mixer, heated and kneaded with a single or twin screw kneader, a kneader, etc., pelletized and granulated. The pellets may be temporarily stored in equipment or containers for storing raw materials such as silos and hopper flexible containers.
Thereafter, the pellet is melted and formed into a film using an extruder or the like under a temperature condition that is equal to or higher than the melting point of the thermoplastic resin, preferably higher than the melting point + 20 ° C. and lower than the decomposition temperature. Specific examples include T-die molding, calendar molding, and press molding. In addition, it can also form into a film directly with a molding machine, without pelletizing.
The thickness of the film to be molded can be selected as appropriate as long as the stretchability and the like are not impaired, but is preferably in the range of 0.02 to 2 mm.

Stretching at least uniaxial direction (uniaxial stretching) near the softening point of the upper resin (measured according to JIS K6760) by roll stretching, tenter stretching, simultaneous biaxial stretching, rolling, etc. Preferably, the film is stretched in the biaxial direction in the transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the film longitudinal direction (biaxial stretching).
A porous film having a thickness of 30 to 15 μm is obtained by peeling the interface between the thermoplastic resin and the filler by the above stretching. In addition, in order to stabilize an aperture diameter, you may heat-process after extending | stretching.

The stretching ratio corresponds to the tearing of the film during stretching, the air permeability of the obtained film, the hardness of the film, and the like. Magnification not preferable be too low or too high, if the From this point of view the biaxial stretching, the film used as a separator for batteries in the present invention, the stretch ratio in the longitudinal Direction 4.5 times, transverse stretching The magnification is a draw ratio of 3.5 to 4 times .

The above-described porous film of the present invention is thin with a thickness of 30 to 15 μm, and the maximum value and the minimum value of the thickness are ± 6 to 20% of the average thickness, and the thickness is made uniform. Meanwhile, since air permeability is 50 to 5 00 [sec / 100 cc], can be realized separator having a uniform thickness and air permeability that did not exist conventionally.

As described above, the porous film of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery separator according to the present invention has a thickness accuracy as high as 15-30 μm and can maintain the thickness substantially uniformly. When it is wound between a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate in a spiral shape and accommodated in a battery can, it is possible to prevent the separator from being locally loaded. As a result, it is possible to prevent damage to the separator and ensure insulation. Can be held in. And since the thickness of a separator is made thin, the filling amount of the positive electrode plate in a battery can and a negative electrode plate can be increased, and battery capacity can be raised.
Furthermore, since a plasticizer that is liquid at 25 ° C. is blended, when the non-aqueous electrolyte is injected after being accommodated in the battery can, the wettability of the non-aqueous electrolyte can be improved. Productivity can be increased by shortening the time of water electrolyte injection.
Furthermore, since a stretching method is employed to provide a fine pore structure that maintains appropriate air permeability, there are various advantages such as low manufacturing costs.

It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the porous film of the separator for nonaqueous electrolyte batteries of this invention . It is explanatory drawing which shows the method in which the hole by extending | stretching is formed. It is a partially broken perspective view which shows the separator in a battery.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described based on examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a porous film of a separator for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to the present invention . The porous film 1 includes three-dimensional network-like pores 1a, and the pores 1a are formed on both sides 1b of the porous film. The air permeability of the porous film is in the range of 50 to 500 [sec / 100 cc].
The thickness of the porous film 1a is 15 to 30 μm, and the thickness fluctuation is ± 6 to 20% of the average thickness.

The porous film uses, as a raw material, high density polyethylene having a density of 0.95 g / cm ³ or more as a thermoplastic resin and a melt flow rate of 0.01 to 1 g / 10 min or less, and a particle size of 0 as a filler. Propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, which is liquid at 25 ° C. and has a boiling point of 140 ° C. or higher and a kinematic viscosity at 25 ° C. of less than 1000 mm ² / sec, using barium sulfate of 1 to 25 μm, γ-valerolactone, dimethyl sulfoxide or liquid silicone is used.

  The blending ratio is 50 to 400 parts by mass (100 to 150 parts by mass in the embodiment) for the filler and 1 to 30 parts by mass (in the embodiment for the plasticizer) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin made of the high-density polyethylene. 5 to 10 parts by mass).

The above raw materials are mixed and kneaded to disperse the filler in the resin. The kneaded material is heated and melted at a required temperature, and then molded with a T-die to form a film. The thickness of the obtained film is 0.02 to 2 mm.
This film was first stretched at a stretch ratio of 4.5 times in the longitudinal direction (longitudinal direction) of the film with a biaxial stretching machine, and then stretched at a stretch ratio of 4 times in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (transverse direction). Yes.
As shown in FIG. 2, the film 10 in which the filler 12 is dispersed in the resin 11 is peeled off at the interface between the resin 11 and the filler 12 as shown in FIG. The porous film 1 is obtained by using the hole 1a as the hole. At that time, the thickness of the porous film 1 is 15 to 30 μm as described above, and the thickness fluctuation is ± 6 to 20% .
The porous film 1 is obtained as a continuous material by continuously biaxially stretching a film 10 made of a continuous material, and is wound in a coil shape.

In the present embodiment, the obtained porous film 1 is cut into a required length to form a separator 1 ′ for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery.
The separator 1 ′ is housed inside the cylindrical lithium secondary battery 20 shown in FIG. 3 by being interposed between the positive electrode plate 21 and the negative electrode plate 22 and spirally wound.

  Specifically, as the electrolyte, for example, an electrolyte in which a lithium salt is used as an electrolyte and is dissolved in an organic solvent is used. The organic solvent is not particularly limited. For example, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, γ-ptyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, dimethyl carbonate, methyl propionate, propyl acetate, and the like, acetonitrile Nitriles such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-dimethoxymethane, dimethoxypropane, 1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, and the like, and Single or two or more kinds of mixed solvents such as sulfolan can be used.

  In the present embodiment, an electrolyte is prepared by dissolving L1PF6 at a ratio of 1.4 mol / liter in a mixed solvent of 2 parts by mass of methyl ethyl carbonate with respect to 1 part by mass of ethylene carbonate.

As the negative electrode, a material in which an alkali metal or a compound containing an alkali metal is integrated with a current collecting material such as a stainless copper net is used. At that time, examples of the alkali metal include lithium, sodium, and potassium.
Examples of the compound containing an alkali metal include an alloy of an alkali metal and aluminum, lead, indium, potassium, cadmium, tin and magnesium, a compound of an alkali metal and a carbon material, a low potential alkali metal and a metal oxide, and the like. And compounds with sulfides.
When a carbon material is used for the negative electrode, the carbon material may be any material that can be doped and dedoped with lithium ions. For example, graphite, pyrolytic carbons, cokes, glassy carbons, and firing organic polymer compounds Bodies, mesocarbon microbeads, carbon fibers, activated carbon, and the like can be used.

  In this embodiment, the negative electrode plate 22 was made into a slurry by mixing a carbon material having an average particle diameter of 10 μm with a solution in which vinylidene fluoride was dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone. This negative electrode mixture slurry was passed through a 70-mesh net to remove large particles, and then uniformly applied to both sides of a negative electrode current collector made of a strip-shaped copper foil having a thickness of 18 μm and dried. A belt-shaped negative electrode plate is formed by compression molding and cutting with a machine.

  As the positive electrode, for example, a metal oxide such as lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, vanadium pentoxide, or chromium oxide, or a metal nitride such as molybdenum disulfide is used as an active material. Used. A mixture obtained by appropriately adding a conductive additive or a binder such as polytetrafluoroethylene to these positive electrode active materials and using a current collector material such as a stainless steel net as a core material is used.

In the present embodiment, the positive electrode plate 21 is prepared by adding and mixing lithium graphite oxide (LiCoO ₂ ) as a conductive additive in a weight ratio of 90: 5 and mixing this mixture with polyvinylidene fluoride to N-methylpyrrolidone. The solution dissolved in was mixed into a slurry. This positive electrode mixture slurry was passed through a 70 mesh net to remove a large one, and then uniformly applied to both sides of a positive electrode current collector made of an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 μm and dried. After compression molding, it is cut into a strip-like positive electrode plate.

Both electrodes of the positive electrode plate 21 and the negative electrode plate 22 are wound in a spiral shape so as to overlap each other via the separator 1 ′, and the outside is stopped with a winding tape to form a wound body. When winding in this spiral shape, separator 1 'is 15-30 micrometers in thickness.

  A wound body in which the positive electrode plate 21, the separator 1 ′ and the negative electrode plate 22 are integrally wound is filled in a bottomed cylindrical battery case and welded to the positive and negative electrode lead bodies 24 and 25. The wound positive electrode plate 21, separator 1 ′ and negative electrode plate 21 are accommodated in a battery case, and then the electrolyte is injected into the battery can so that the electrolyte sufficiently permeates the separator 1 ′ and the like. A positive electrode lid 27 is sealed around the periphery of the opening via a gasket 26, and precharging and aging are performed to produce a cylindrical secondary lithium battery.

  Since the separator made of the porous film 1 has insulating properties, it prevents a short circuit between the positive electrode plate 21 and the negative electrode plate 22 that are in direct contact with both surfaces, and lithium ions permeate the pores 1a but do not allow liquid to permeate. Therefore, the electrolyte can be diffused and retained.

The porous film of the Example which consists of a porous film used as a separator for nonaqueous electrolyte batteries of the present invention and a comparative example were produced, and thickness, thickness accuracy, air permeability, electrolyte permeability, and insulation were measured. .

"Example 1"
High-density polyethylene [HI-ZEX 7000FP, manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, density: 0.956 g / cm ³ , melt flow rate: 0.04 g / 10 min], 100 parts by mass, propylene carbonate as a plasticizer [reagent melting point− from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. Compounding was carried out by blending 8 parts by weight of 49 ° C. boiling point 242 ° C. and 110 parts by weight of barium sulfate [B-55] manufactured by Sakai Chemical Co., Ltd. having an average particle size of 0.66 μm as a filler. Next, T-die molding was performed at a temperature of 200 ° C. to obtain a raw sheet. The thickness of the original fabric sheet was an average of 250 μm.
Next, the obtained raw sheet was stretched at 80 ° C. in the longitudinal direction (MD) of the sheet at 4.5 times, and then at a stretching ratio of 4 times in the transverse direction (TD) orthogonal at 125 ° C. to obtain a thickness average of 30 μm. A porous film was prepared.

"Example 2"
Example except that barium sulfate [B-55] manufactured by Sakai Chemical Co., Ltd. was used as the filler, and the plasticizer was changed to γ-ptyrolactone [reagent melting point-42 ° C., boiling point 204 ° C., manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.] A raw sheet was formed as in 1. The sheet was stretched 4.5 times in the MD direction and then 3.5 times in the TD direction to prepare a porous film having an average thickness of 15 μm.

"Example 3"
High-density polyethylene [HI-ZEX3300F, manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, density: 0.950 g / cm ³ , melt flow rate; 1.1 g / 10 min] as a thermoplastic resin is pulverized to a size of 20 mesh through or less. Except for 5 parts by mass, 5 parts by mass of tri-2-ethylhexyl trimellitic acid as a plasticizer [Trimex T-08, melting point-45 ° C., 140 ° C., heated for 1 hour at 140 ° C., manufactured by Kao Corporation] As in Example 1, a raw sheet was molded and stretched to produce a porous film having a thickness average of 30 μm.

Example 4
100 parts by mass of calcium carbonate [NCC # 2310 manufactured by Nitto Flour Chemical Co., Ltd.] is used as a filler, and dimethyl silicone [GE TOSHIBA Silicone Co., Ltd., trade name TSF451-100 is used as a plasticizer. Kinematic viscosity at 25 ° C. 100 mm 2 / sec 140 ° C. 1 hour Weight reduction rate after heating 0.2%] A porous film having an average thickness of 25 μm was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the content was changed to 10 parts by mass.

"Example 5"
As plasticizer, 5 parts by mass of γ-ptyrolactone [reagent melting point-42 ° C. boiling point 204 ° C. made by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.] and 5 parts by mass of propylene carbonate [reagent melting point-49 ° C. boiling point 242 ° C. made by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.] A porous film having an average thickness of 30 μm was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the content was changed to 10 parts by mass and the filler was changed to 120 parts by mass.

"Example 6"
A porous film having a thickness average of 30 μm was the same as in Example 1, except that 10 parts by mass of propylene carbonate [reagent melting point-49 ° C. boiling point 242 ° C.] manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. was changed to 120 parts by mass as the plasticizer. Was made.

“ Reference Example 7”
Linear low density polyethylene [Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., Ultrazex 2023FP, density: 0.920 g / cm ³ , melt flow rate: 2.1 g / 10 min], 122 parts by mass of filler and 10 parts by mass of plasticizer A porous film having an average thickness of 30 μm was prepared except that the thickness was changed to.

“Comparative Example 1”
A raw sheet was molded in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the filler was changed to 122 parts by mass. The sheet was stretched 4.5 times to MD and then 2 times to TD to prepare a porous film having a thickness of 30 μm.

“Comparative Example 2”
A raw sheet was molded in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the filler was changed to 90 parts by mass of barium sulfate [B-55 manufactured by Sakai Chemical Co., Ltd.]. The sheet was stretched 4 times in MD and 4.5 times in TD to prepare a porous film having a thickness of 4 μm.

“Comparative Example 3”
The plasticizer was changed to bis (P-methylpentylidene) sorbitol [Mitsui Chemicals NC-6, melting point 244 ° C., 140 ° C., weight loss rate after heating for 1 hour is 0.1%], 10 parts by mass blended and filled A porous film having a thickness of 30 μm was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the agent was changed to 122 parts by mass.

“Comparative Example 4”
The plasticizer was changed to lithium stearate [manufactured by KE Trading Co., Ltd., LiST melting point 210 ° C., 140 ° C., weight loss rate after heating for 1 hour is 0.1%], 10 parts by mass, filler changed to 122 parts by mass A porous film having a thickness of 25 μm was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that.

(Measurement of thickness)
As described above, 30 in-plane measurements were made unspecified with a 1/1000 mm dial gauge, and the average was taken as the thickness.
(Thickness accuracy = thickness fluctuation measurement)
Measured by the above measuring method (maximum thickness−average thickness) / average thickness × 100 (%)
Similarly, it was calculated from (minimum thickness−average thickness) / average thickness × 100 (%).

(Air permeability)
In accordance with JIS P8117, the air permeability (second / 100 cc) was measured.

(Electrolyte permeability)
The porous film was allowed to stand for 1 hour at 1000 Pa or less, dried, and cut into strips having a width of 1 cm and a length of 10 cm.
The lower part of the film was immersed 1 cm in the prepared electrolyte, and the time taken for the liquid to rise 5 cm from the liquid surface was measured.

(Insulation)
Using a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate having a length of 50 cm and a width of 59 mm, using two separators made of the porous film, the two separators, the positive electrode plate, and the negative electrode plate were alternately stacked, and 3.92 N / Apply a force of 3.92 N / cm to the negative electrode plate, 0.29 N / cm to the separator, and use a metal core with a slit of 4 mm in diameter to sandwich two separators. It was wound to wrap around the core.
The above-mentioned 100 electrode groups were heated at a rate of 10 ° C./min, placed in an oven at 130 ° C. for 1 hour, measured for the insulation resistance between the positive and negative electrodes, counted as 1 MΩ or less, and expressed in%. When this ratio is large, the initial failure rate as a battery increases.

The materials of Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, the mixing ratio, the average thickness of the porous film measured by the above method, the thickness accuracy (thickness fluctuation), the air permeability, the impregnation property (the electrolyte The permeability and insulation properties are shown in Table 1 below.
In Table 1, in the item of plasticizer, the type of plasticizer, melting point, and state at 25 ° C. indicate liquid (liquid) or solid (solid). The resin type HDPE represents high-density polyethylene, and LLDPE represents linear low-density polyethylene.

As shown in Table 1, the thicknesses of the porous films of Examples 1 to 6 and Reference Example 7 were in the range of 15 to 30 μm, and the thickness accuracy was 6 to 20%.
In contrast, the thickness accuracy of Comparative Example 1 is 78%, thickness precision of Comparative Examples 3 and 4 was out Ri by the thickness accuracy as defined in any of the present invention at 25%.
Moreover, the impregnation property of the porous film was 90 to 200 sec in Examples 1 to 6 . On the other hand, Comparative Examples 3 and 4 were 400 sec to 600 sec. From this result, it was confirmed that Examples 1 to 6 had higher electrolyte permeability and better wettability than Comparative Examples 3 and 4.
Regarding insulation, the insulation of Examples 1 to 6 was 1% to 12%, Comparative Example 1 was 81%, and Comparative Example 2 was 88%. Therefore, it was confirmed that Examples 1 to 6 had a remarkably low initial failure rate as batteries as compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2 . In addition, in the insulation test, a battery with good insulation was actually charged and discharged at room temperature. When the batteries with poor insulation were tested as good products, the safety device worked and the batteries could not be used.

  From the above measurement results, the porous film of the example of the present invention has a proper electrolyte permeability and high resistance as a film, can stably produce a battery, and has a low initial failure rate as a battery. Was confirmed.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Porous film 1a Hole 1 'Separator 10 Film 11 Resin 12 Filler 20 Battery 21 Positive electrode plate 22 Negative electrode plate

Claims (5)

A thermoplastic resin (A) made of high-density polyethylene having a density of 0.94 g / cm ³ or more and a melt flow rate of 0.01 to 1 g / 10 min ; and an inorganic filler as a filler (B) made of a filler;
A plasticizer (C) comprising an ester compound or a liquid silicone which is liquid at 25 ° C. and has a boiling point of 140 ° C. or higher and a kinematic viscosity at 25 ° C. of less than 1000 mm ² / sec,
The blending ratio of the thermoplastic resin (A), the filler (B) and the plasticizer (C) is (B) 50 to 400 parts by mass, (C) 1 to 30 parts by mass with respect to (A) 100 parts by mass. In the film composed of the resin composition blended in, the film is provided with pores starting from the filler by stretching the film at a stretching ratio of 4.5 times in the longitudinal direction and 3.5 to 4 times in the transverse direction,
The thickness is 30 to 15 microns, the average thickness is 30 to 15 microns, and the maximum and minimum thicknesses are ± 6 to 20 of the average thickness. %, A separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery comprising a porous film,
The porous film is allowed to stand for 1 hour at a pressure of 1000 Pa or less, and after drying the film, the lower part of the film is immersed in 1 cm in a non-aqueous electrolyte, and the time required for the liquid to rise 5 cm from the liquid surface is 90 to 90 A separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery characterized by being 200 sec.   The separator for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 1, wherein the plasticizer comprising the ester compound contains at least one selected from propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, and dimethyl sulfoxide.   The separator for nonaqueous electrolyte batteries according to claim 1 or 2, wherein barium sulfate or calcium carbonate having an average particle size of 0.1 to 25 µm is used as the filler (B) comprising the filler.   4. The battery can according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the battery is wound between the positive electrode and the negative electrode in a spiral shape and has an air permeability of 50 [sec / 100 cc] to 500 [sec / 100 cc]. The separator for nonaqueous electrolyte batteries according to claim 1.   The nonaqueous electrolyte battery which accommodates the separator for nonaqueous electrolyte batteries of any one of Claim 1 thru | or 4.

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