JP5228487B2 - Lubricant for sports equipment - Google Patents
Lubricant for sports equipment Download PDFInfo
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- JP5228487B2 JP5228487B2 JP2007525254A JP2007525254A JP5228487B2 JP 5228487 B2 JP5228487 B2 JP 5228487B2 JP 2007525254 A JP2007525254 A JP 2007525254A JP 2007525254 A JP2007525254 A JP 2007525254A JP 5228487 B2 JP5228487 B2 JP 5228487B2
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- Prior art keywords
- modified silicone
- silicone polymer
- sports equipment
- lubricant
- wax
- Prior art date
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- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims description 30
- 229920005573 silicon-containing polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 16
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 trifluoropropylmethyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane Chemical compound C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1 XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940086555 cyclomethicone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019809 paraffin wax Nutrition 0.000 claims 4
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 claims 4
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- RJOOTDIYJNEGLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(ethoxycarbonylamino)phenyl] n-phenylcarbamate;[3-(methoxycarbonylamino)phenyl] n-(3-methylphenyl)carbamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)NC1=CC=CC(OC(=O)NC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1.COC(=O)NC1=CC=CC(OC(=O)NC=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)=C1 RJOOTDIYJNEGLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920010741 Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005802 health problem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/50—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09G—POLISHING COMPOSITIONS; SKI WAXES
- C09G3/00—Ski waxes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/041—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being macromolecular compounds only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/0405—Siloxanes with specific structure used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/041—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/041—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents
- C10M2229/0415—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/042—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aromatic substituents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/042—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aromatic substituents
- C10M2229/0425—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aromatic substituents used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
- C10M2229/051—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
- C10M2229/051—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing halogen
- C10M2229/0515—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing halogen used as base material
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Silicon Polymers (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
本発明は、スポーツ用品、たとえばスキー板のようなウィンタースポーツ用品等の滑走性を向上させる物質と、これを含む組成と、その目的のための使用とに関する。より詳細には、本発明は、潤滑剤としての変性シリコーンポリマーに関する。 The present invention relates to substances that improve the sliding properties of sports equipment, for example winter sports equipment such as skis, compositions comprising them and their use for that purpose. More particularly, the present invention relates to modified silicone polymers as lubricants.
プロ・スポーツ界においてだけでなく、意欲的なアマチュアの間でも、スキーのようなスポーツ用品の滑走性をさらに向上させ、たとえばさらに速いトップスピードおよびさらに良好な加速をもたらす潤滑剤の需要は常にある。 There is always a demand for lubricants that will further improve the sliding performance of sporting equipment such as skis, for example faster top speed and better acceleration, not only in professional sports but also among ambitious amateurs .
先行技術においては、スポーツ用品、たとえばクロスカントリースキー、アルペンスキー、スノーボード等の滑走性を向上させる数多くの物質が既に提案されている。これらの物質は、通常はパラフィンワックスまたはフッ素ワックス、フッ素ポリマーで、それらは添加剤も含みうる（例：WO89/10950、EP0444752、EP1009544）。 In the prior art, many substances have already been proposed that improve the sliding performance of sporting goods such as cross-country skis, alpine skis, snowboards and the like. These materials are usually paraffin wax or fluoro wax, fluoropolymers, which can also contain additives (eg WO89 / 10950, EP0444752, EP1009544).
ウィンタースポーツ用品の滑走面は通常、焼結熱可塑性物質、特に超高分子量ポリエチレン（UHMWPE）のように高密度および高分子量を有するポリエチレンまたは押出しポリマーからなる。 The running surface of winter sports equipment is usually made of sintered thermoplastics, especially polyethylene or extruded polymers with high density and high molecular weight, such as ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE).
潤滑剤は通常、高温環境下たとえばアイロン等によって溶融して滑走面に塗布する。これに関し、ワックスを塗付する際に、スキー板のポリエチレン製のソール部にダメージを与えるおそれがある。というのも、ポリエチレンの融点は、ワックスおよびポリマーの融点よりもわずかに高いのみだからである。 The lubricant is usually melted and applied to the sliding surface in a high-temperature environment such as an iron. In this regard, there is a risk of damaging the polyethylene sole portion of the ski when applying wax. This is because the melting point of polyethylene is only slightly higher than that of waxes and polymers.
ワックスはまた、様々な形にすることもでき、熱の影響を受けないいわゆるリキッドワックスの形で塗布することもできる。しかしながら、そのような液剤をベースとしたコーティングは耐久性に優れていないことが多く、頻繁に塗りなおさなければならない。 The wax can also be in various forms and can be applied in the form of a so-called liquid wax that is not affected by heat. However, such liquid-based coatings are often not durable and must be reapplied frequently.
従来のワックスの場合において、適切なワックスおよび／または使用すべき添加剤の選択は、雪質により決定されていた。そのためほとんどの場合、ある特定の雪のコンディション下における最適な滑走性を得るために、必要に応じたワックスを選択すること、かつ／またはワックスに添加剤を添加することが不可欠であった。しかしながら通常これは困難で、とりわけ経験の浅い使用者には困難であった。 In the case of conventional waxes, the selection of suitable waxes and / or additives to be used has been determined by snow quality. Therefore, in most cases, it was essential to select the wax as needed and / or add additives to the wax in order to obtain optimal sliding properties under certain snow conditions. However, this is usually difficult, especially for inexperienced users.
実際、従来技術においては、万能ワックスが知られており、これは異なる様々な雪のコンディション下において良好な滑走性を生み出した。とはいえ、これらのワックスも、十分に満足できるものではなかった。 In fact, in the prior art, universal waxes are known, which produced good gliding properties under a variety of different snow conditions. Nonetheless, these waxes were not fully satisfactory.
従来技術においては、シロキサンをベースとするスキーワックスも知られていた。米国特許第4828885号および米国特許第4729794号において、直鎖状または環状の非揮発性ジメチルシロキサンを含むスキーワックスの組成が記載されている。また英国特許第755794号公報は、メチルポリシロキサンまたはメチルフェニルポリシロキサンを含むワックスの組成に関している。 In the prior art, siloxane-based ski waxes are also known. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,828,885 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,729,794, compositions of ski waxes containing linear or cyclic non-volatile dimethylsiloxane are described. British Patent No. 755794 relates to a composition of a wax containing methylpolysiloxane or methylphenylpolysiloxane.
欧州特許出願第527286号は、たとえばスキーワックス等にも使用可能な潤滑剤を開示しており、それは炭素数24以上の炭化水素基で修飾されたシロキサンコポリマーを含んでいる。 European Patent Application No. 527286 discloses a lubricant that can also be used, for example, in ski wax, which contains a siloxane copolymer modified with hydrocarbon groups having 24 or more carbon atoms.
本発明の目的は上記の不利益を解決し、ウィンタースポーツ用品の滑走性を雪質とは無関係にさらに向上可能で、それと同時に、必ずしも高温で塗布する必要がなく塗付容易で、ソール部に良好に接着する潤滑剤を示すことである。 An object of the present invention is to solve the above disadvantages, can improve the gliding properties of winter sports equipment independently of the al and snow, at the same time, always easy with the coating need not be applied at high temperatures, the sole A lubricant that adheres well to the part.
また同じように、通常水中で使用されるスポーツ用品、たとえば水上スキーまたはスピードボート、水着等も、各表面に潤滑剤を塗付して滑走性をさらに向上させ、それによって得られるスピードを向上させることが望ましい。また同じように、空に関係するスポーツ用品、たとえば帆またはパラグライダー、超軽量飛行機等の滑走性に関しても上記は当てはまる。 Similarly, sports equipment that is normally used underwater, such as water skis or speed boats, swimwear, etc., also applies lubricant to each surface to further improve sliding performance and thereby improve the speed obtained. It is desirable. Similarly, the above applies also to the skidability of sports equipment related to the sky, such as sails or paragliders, ultralight aircrafts and the like.
本発明はそれゆえ、スポーツ用品、具体的にはウィンタースポーツ用品の潤滑剤としての変性シリコーンポリマーに関する。この変性シリコーンポリマーは、炭素数16〜18の少なくとも１つの長鎖炭化水素を含むアルキル変性シリコーンポリマーと、少なくとも１つの官能化炭化水素を含む有機官能化シリコーンポリマーとのうちから選択されたものである。 The present invention therefore relates to modified silicone polymers as lubricants for sports equipment, in particular winter sports equipment. The modified silicone polymer is selected from an alkyl-modified silicone polymer containing at least one long-chain hydrocarbon having 16 to 18 carbon atoms and an organic functionalized silicone polymer containing at least one functionalized hydrocarbon. is there.
アルキル変性シリコーンポリマーの炭化水素は、直鎖状でも分岐状でもよく、飽和でも
不飽和でもよい。それらの炭化水素はさらに１つまたはそれ以上の置換基も有し得る。
The hydrocarbon of the alkyl-modified silicone polymer may be linear or branched and may be saturated or unsaturated. These hydrocarbons may also have one or more substituents.
有機官能化シリコーンポリマーは、少なくとも１つの官能化炭化水素を含み、その官能化炭化水素は官能基、具体的には１つまたは複数のハロゲン原子、特にフッ素原子を含む。また、有機官能化シリコーンポリマーの官能化炭化水素は飽和でも不飽和でもよく、直鎖状でも分岐状でもよい。官能化炭化水素は、具体的には、ハロゲン化されたもの、特にフッ素化されたものでもよい。また官能化炭化水素は、パーフルオロ化されてもよい。 The organofunctionalized silicone polymer contains at least one functionalized hydrocarbon, which functionalized hydrocarbon contains functional groups, in particular one or more halogen atoms, in particular fluorine atoms. Also, the functionalized hydrocarbon of the organofunctionalized silicone polymer may be saturated or unsaturated, and may be linear or branched. Specifically, the functionalized hydrocarbon may be halogenated, particularly fluorinated. The functionalized hydrocarbon may also be perfluorinated.
特に好ましい実施例としては、３，３，３−トリフルオプロピル基を挙げることができる。 Particularly preferred examples include 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl group.
シリコーンポリマーは、ホモポリマーまたはコポリマーにすることが可能で、直鎖状または分岐状、環状にすることも可能である。 The silicone polymer can be a homopolymer or a copolymer, and can also be linear, branched, or cyclic.
本発明による好ましい変性シリコーンポリマーは、以下の式（Ｉ）のホモポリマーまた
はコポリマーである。
Preferred modified silicone polymers according to the invention are homopolymers or copolymers of the following formula (I) :
ここでRはそれぞれ、同一または別異の、直鎖状または分岐状の、炭素数1〜10のアルキル基またはフェニル基で、好ましくはRの80％、さらに好ましくはRのすべてがメチル基であり、R’はそれぞれ、同一または別異の、水素、炭素数1〜10のアルキル基、フェニル基、ビニル基、ヒドロキシ基であり、
Xは、炭素数16〜50のアルキル基または炭素数1〜10のハロゲン化アルキル基で、好ましくは炭素数1〜10のフッ化アルキル基であり、
ｍは0または整数1〜50、好ましくは0〜15、特に好ましくは0〜10であり、
nは整数1〜20、好ましくは1〜5、特に好ましくは1〜3である。
Here, each R is the same or different, linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or phenyl group, preferably 80% of R, more preferably all of R are methyl groups. Each R ′ is the same or different, hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a vinyl group, and a hydroxy group;
X is an alkyl group having 16 to 50 carbon atoms or a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms,
m is 0 or an integer of 1 to 50, preferably 0 to 15, particularly preferably 0 to 10;
n is an integer of 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 5, particularly preferably 1 to 3.
本発明によれば、Xは、好ましくは直鎖のハロゲン化アルキル基で、特に３，３，３ト According to the invention, X is preferably a linear halogenated alkyl group, in particular 3, 3, 3
リフルオプロピル基である。It is a rifluorpropyl group.
本発明によれば、大気温度下で液状である変性シリコーンポリマーが特に好ましい。特に好ましい変性シリコーンポリマーは、摂氏25度（華氏77度）下において10,000〜30,000 cst の範囲の粘度を有する。そのような変性シリコーンポリマーは、滑走性の特に顕著な向上をもたらす。これらのポリマーはさらなる利点として、各スポーツ用品の表面に、加熱を必要とせずに特に容易に塗付することができる。潤滑剤は、たとえば布あるいはスポンジで容易に塗り付けること、またはエアロゾルとしてたとえばエアロゾル容器もしくはポンプ容器等を用いて塗付すること等もできる。 According to the invention, modified silicone polymers that are liquid at ambient temperature are particularly preferred. Particularly preferred modified silicone polymers have viscosities in the range of 10,000 to 30,000 cst at 25 degrees Celsius (77 degrees Fahrenheit). Such modified silicone polymers provide a particularly significant improvement in gliding properties. As a further advantage, these polymers can be applied particularly easily to the surface of each sports equipment without the need for heating. The lubricant can be easily applied with, for example, a cloth or a sponge, or can be applied as an aerosol using, for example, an aerosol container or a pump container.
本発明によるこれらの潤滑剤は、純粋な形で塗付することもできるが、添加剤を含むこともでき、またはさらなる他の潤滑剤または溶剤と混合して用いることもできる。ウィンタースポーツ用品の場合は、従来用いられてきた潤滑剤たとえばパラフィンワックスやフッ素ワックス等に混合して使用することもでき、また、たとえばボートの場合等は、コーティングに用いる塗装層に導入することもできる。 These lubricants according to the invention can be applied in pure form, but can also contain additives or can be used in admixture with further other lubricants or solvents. In the case of winter sports equipment, it can be used by mixing with a conventionally used lubricant such as paraffin wax or fluorine wax, and in the case of a boat, for example, it can be introduced into a paint layer used for coating. it can.
たとえば、本発明による変性シリコーンポリマーと組み合わせて、重量の0.1〜98％を占める通常のパラフィンワックスおよび／またはフッ素ワックスを含む組成を用いることができる。本発明による変性シリコーンポリマーは、好ましくは潤滑剤の総重量の2〜30％、より好ましくは5〜20％を占める。すなわち、驚くべきことに、本発明による変性シリコーンポリマーを混合物に含む通常のパラフィンワックスおよび／またはフッ素ワックスは、公知のパラフィンワックスおよび／またはフッ素ワックス単体よりも著しく良好な雪上での滑走性をもたらすことがわかったのである。 For example, in combination with the modified silicone polymer according to the present invention, a composition comprising ordinary paraffin wax and / or fluorine wax accounting for 0.1 to 98% of the weight can be used. The modified silicone polymer according to the invention preferably comprises 2-30%, more preferably 5-20% of the total weight of the lubricant. That is, surprisingly, the normal paraffin wax and / or fluorine wax containing the modified silicone polymer according to the present invention in the mixture provides significantly better sliding performance on snow than the known paraffin wax and / or fluorine wax alone. I understood that.
本発明による変性シリコーンポリマーは、特にシリコーンポリマーが粘性を有する場合、またはワックス様で比較的高い分子量を有する場合は、溶媒と共に用いることもできる。 The modified silicone polymers according to the invention can also be used with solvents, especially if the silicone polymer is viscous or if it is wax-like and has a relatively high molecular weight.
適した溶媒は、シリコーンオイルたとえばシクロペンタシロキサンまたはシクロメチコン等、炭化水素系溶媒たとえばイソパラフィン（ISOPAR）類等、またアルコールたとえばイソプロパノールやエタノール等である。好ましくはシリコーンオイルが用いられる。 Suitable solvents are silicone oils such as cyclopentasiloxane or cyclomethicone, hydrocarbon solvents such as isoparaffins (ISOPARs), and alcohols such as isopropanol and ethanol. Preferably, silicone oil is used.
本発明によれば、変性シリコーンポリマーを従来のスキー板用ワックスフィルムに適用し、すなわち潤滑剤の層をベースワックスとすることもできる。しかしながら本発明による変性シリコーンポリマーは、あらかじめベースワックスを塗付することなしに直接滑走面に塗付することもできる。 According to the present invention, the modified silicone polymer can be applied to a conventional ski wax film, that is, the lubricant layer can be a base wax. However, the modified silicone polymer according to the invention can also be applied directly to the running surface without prior application of a base wax.
特に好ましくは、まず本発明による変性シリコーンポリマーをソール部に直接塗付し、次に追加の従来の潤滑剤たとえばフッ素ワックスまたはパラフィンワックス等を塗付する。この方法により滑走性が向上し得るのみならず、耐磨耗性も向上され得、接着力が強化されるため、潤滑剤は時々塗付し直すだけでよくなる。 Particularly preferably, first the modified silicone polymer according to the invention is applied directly to the sole part and then an additional conventional lubricant, such as a fluorine wax or paraffin wax, is applied. By this method, not only the sliding property can be improved, but also the abrasion resistance can be improved and the adhesive force is strengthened, so that the lubricant only needs to be reapplied from time to time.
さらにいえば、本発明により変性されたシリコーンポリマーは、化学的に無害かつ健康面でも問題がなく、それゆえこの潤滑剤を塗付するに際してどんな特別な安全策もとる必要がない。 Furthermore, the silicone polymers modified according to the invention are chemically harmless and have no health problems, and therefore no special safety measures need to be taken when applying this lubricant.
本発明による特に好ましいアルキル変性シリコーンは、炭素数16〜18の１つまたは複数のアルキル鎖、あるいはそれらの鎖の混合物を含むアルキル変性ポリジメチルシロキサンである。 Particularly preferred alkyl-modified silicones according to the present invention are alkyl-modified polydimethylsiloxanes containing one or more alkyl chains of 16 to 18 carbon atoms or mixtures of these chains.
特に好ましい有機官能化シリコーンポリマーは、末端ビニル基またはヒドロキシ基を有する、トリフルオロプロピルメチル／ジメチルシロキサンのコポリマーである。 Particularly preferred organofunctionalized silicone polymers are trifluoropropylmethyl / dimethylsiloxane copolymers having terminal vinyl groups or hydroxy groups.
本発明による変性シリコーンポリマーは、様々なスポーツ用品の大部分の滑走性を向上させることができる。例として、具体的にはスキー板、クロスカントリースキー、スノーボード、橇、ボート、サーフボード、水上スキー、グライダー、パラグライダー、超軽量飛行機が挙げられる。 The modified silicone polymer according to the present invention can improve the sliding properties of most of various sports equipment. Specific examples include skis, cross-country skis, snowboards, kites, boats, surfboards, water skis, gliders, paragliders, and ultralight aircraft.
以下、本発明をより詳細に説明するための実施例を記載する。 Examples for explaining the present invention in more detail are described below.
下記の実験によってクロスカントリースキーの滑走性を確認した。このテストでは、一方の対のスキー板には本発明による潤滑剤を施し、他方の対には従来技術の潤滑剤を施した。 The following experiment confirmed the sliding performance of cross-country skiing. In this test, one pair of skis was given the lubricant according to the invention and the other was given a prior art lubricant.
二対のスケート用スキー板は、まずホルメンコール社のベータミックス・ワールドカップREDを用いたベース作りをした。ワックスはワックス・アイロンによってスキー板上に溶融し、プラスチックの刃で余分なワックスを削り落とし、ブラッシングをした。ベータミックス・ワールドカップREDは、フッ素成分のないパラフィンワックスである。 The pair of skis for skating was first made using the Holmenkoru Betamix World Cup RED. The wax was melted onto the ski with a wax iron, and the excess wax was scraped off with a plastic blade and brushed. Betamix World Cup RED is a paraffin wax with no fluorine component.
この滑走面に、テストされる各々のワックス混合物を塗付した。一方のスキー板の対は、ホルメンコール社のベータミックス・ワールドカップREDでさらにコートした（比較例）。他方のスキー板の対は、長鎖アルキル（炭素数16〜18）を有する本発明によるアルキル変性シリコーンポリマーでワックスがけした。どちらの場合においても、ワックスはワックス・アイロンを用いてスキー板上に塗布し、余分なワックスはプラスチックの刃で削り落とし、次にスキー板のソール部をホルメンコール社のスチール・マイクロ・フィニッシュ・ブラシでブラッシングした。 This sliding surface was coated with each wax mixture to be tested. One pair of skis was further coated with Holmenkoru Betamix World Cup RED (comparative example). The other pair of skis was waxed with an alkyl-modified silicone polymer according to the present invention having long chain alkyls (16-18 carbon atoms). In either case, the wax is applied onto the ski using a wax iron, the excess wax is scraped off with a plastic blade, and then the sole of the ski is finished with a Holmencor steel micro finish brush. Brushed with.
このテストは、整地済みの傾斜したクロスカントリースキー用トレイルコースで行った。所定距離に要する時間はライトバリアにより検出された。一対のスキー板ごとにそれぞれ3回のテスト走行を行い、すべての走行は同一のスキーヤーが行った。
テスト時の条件
天候：曇り、雨
気温：摂氏6.2度（華氏43.16度）
雪温度：摂氏−0.7度（華氏30.74度）
大気の湿度：72.5％
雪のタイプ：旧雪、ザラメ雪（結晶粒サイズ1.5mm）
トレイルコース：湿っている 柔らかい
テスト結果は以下の表に要約され、検出された所要時間から平均値を各々算出した。
This test was conducted on a sloped cross-country ski trail course that had been leveled. The time required for the predetermined distance was detected by the light barrier. Each pair of skis had three test runs, all run by the same skier.
Test conditions Weather: Cloudy, Rain temperature: 6.2 degrees Celsius (43.16 degrees Fahrenheit)
Snow temperature: -0.7 degrees Celsius (30.74 degrees Fahrenheit)
Atmospheric humidity: 72.5%
Snow type: old snow, rough snow (grain size 1.5mm)
Trail course: moist and soft The test results are summarized in the table below, and the average value was calculated from the time required.
この結果から、本発明によるアルキル変性シリコーンポリマーを用いると、所要時間を0.46％短縮可能であると判明した。 From this result, it was found that the required time can be reduced by 0.46% when the alkyl-modified silicone polymer according to the present invention is used.
この実施例は、本発明による潤滑剤の組成によって得られる、従来技術の潤滑剤と比較したときの滑走性の向上を示す。 This example shows the improvement in sliding performance as compared to prior art lubricants obtained with the composition of the lubricant according to the invention.
各々のスケート用スキー板は、まずホルメンコール社のベータミックス・ワールドカップREDを用いたベース作りをした。ワックスはワックス・アイロンによりスキー板上に溶融し、プラスチックの刃で余分のワックスを削り落とし、ブラッシングをした。 Each skate ski was first made with a Holmenkoll Betamix World Cup RED. The wax was melted onto the ski with a wax iron, and the excess wax was scraped off with a plastic blade and brushed.
このベース・コートの上に、テストされる各々のワックス混合物を塗付した。一方の対にはブリコ社のH7 Yellow（比較例）を、他方の対には総重量の80％がホルメンコール社のノルディックグライダーSF0/2で20％が長鎖アルキル（炭素数16〜18）を有するアルキル変性シリコーンポリマーである混合物とを塗付した。以下では、この混合物を“テスト混合物A”とする。 On top of this base coat, each wax mixture to be tested was applied. One pair is Brico's H7 Yellow (comparative example), the other is 80% of the total weight of Hormencol's Nordic glider SF0 / 2 and 20% is long chain alkyl (16-18 carbon atoms). And a mixture which is an alkyl-modified silicone polymer. In the following, this mixture is referred to as “test mixture A”.
どちらの場合においても、ワックスはワックス・アイロンにより塗付し、余分なワックスはプラスチックの刃で削り落とし、それからスキー板のソール部をスチールマイクロ・フィニッシュ・ブラシでブラッシングした。H7 YellowもノルディックグライダーSF 0/2と同様に、ペルフルオロアルカンを含み、スキー競技の実戦で用いられている。 In either case, the wax was applied with a wax iron, excess wax was scraped off with a plastic blade, and then the sole of the ski was brushed with a steel micro-finish brush. H7 Yellow, like Nordic Glider SF 0/2, contains a perfluoroalkane and is used in ski competitions.
テストは、整地済みの傾斜したトレイルコースにおいて行われた。所定距離に要する時間は、ライトバリアによって検出された。一対のスキー板につき、交互に３回のテスト走行を行い、すべての走行は同一のスキーヤーが行った。
テスト時の条件
天候：晴れ
気温：摂氏−1.0度（華氏30.2度）
雪温度：摂氏−4.9度（華氏23.18度）
大気湿度：43.6％
雪のタイプ：旧雪、粉雪（結晶粒サイズ1mm）
トレイルコース：乾燥している 固い
結果は、下の表に要約する。それぞれ、検出された所要時間から平均値を算出した。
The test was conducted on a pre-graded slope trail course. The time required for the predetermined distance was detected by the light barrier. For each pair of skis, three test runs were performed alternately, and all runs were performed by the same skier.
Conditions during testing Weather: Sunny Temperature: -1.0 degrees Celsius (30.2 degrees Fahrenheit)
Snow temperature: -4.9 degrees Celsius (23.18 degrees Fahrenheit)
Atmospheric humidity: 43.6%
Snow type: Old snow, powder snow (grain size 1mm)
Trail course: dry and hard The results are summarized in the table below. In each case, an average value was calculated from the detected required time.
テスト混合物Aによりワックスがけされたスキー板は、約0.30％速かった。 Skis waxed with test mixture A were about 0.30% faster.
Claims (9)
前記変性シリコーンポリマーが、炭素数16〜18の、飽和もしくは不飽和、直鎖状もしくは分岐状の炭化水素を少なくとも1つ含む少なくとも1つのアルキル変性シリコーンポリマーであり、かつ／または、
炭素数1〜10の、直鎖状または分岐状、飽和または不飽和の官能化炭化水素を少なくとも1つ含む有機官能化シリコーンポリマーであって、
前記官能化炭化水素は、ハロゲン化されたものであることを特徴とする、スポーツ用品の潤滑剤。 A sports equipment lubricant comprising at least one modified silicone polymer,
The modified silicone polymer is at least one alkyl-modified silicone polymer comprising at least one saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon having 16 to 18 carbon atoms, and / or
An organofunctionalized silicone polymer comprising at least one linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated functionalized hydrocarbon having 1 to 10 carbon atoms,
The sports equipment lubricant according to claim 1, wherein the functionalized hydrocarbon is halogenated.
ことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の潤滑剤。 The lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that the weight of the modified silicone polymer occupies 0.1 to 100% with respect to the total weight of the lubricant.
Rは、同一または別異の、炭素数1〜10の直鎖状または分岐状のアルキル基またはフェニル基で、Rの少なくとも80％がメチル基で、
R’は、同一または別異の、水素、または炭素数1〜10のアルキル基、フェニル基、ビニル基、またはヒドロキシ基で、
Xは、炭素数16〜18のアルキル基、または炭素数1〜10のハロゲン化アルキル基で、
mは0または1〜50の整数、
nは整数1〜20、であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2のうちいずれかに記載の潤滑剤。 The modified silicone polymer has the following chemical formula (I):
R is the same or different linear or branched alkyl group or phenyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least 80% of R is a methyl group,
R ′ is the same or different, hydrogen, or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a vinyl group, or a hydroxy group,
X is A alkyl group having 16 to 18 carbon atoms or a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms,
m is 0 or an integer from 1 to 50,
3. The lubricant according to claim 1, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 20.
サンのコポリマーであることを特徴とする、請求項1から3のうちいずれかに記載の潤滑剤。 Lubricant according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the organofunctionalized silicone polymer is a trifluoropropylmethyl / dimethylsiloxane copolymer.
シリコーンオイル、シクロペンタシロキサンまたはシクロメチコンを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1から4のうちいずれかに記載の潤滑剤。 The lubricant according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising conventional paraffin wax and / or fluorine wax and / or silicone oil, cyclopentasiloxane or cyclomethicone.
2〜30質量％の1つまたは複数の、請求項1から4に記載の変性シリコーンポリマーと、
必要ならば、1つまたはそれ以上の粘度調整剤である溶剤とを含むことを特徴とする、スポーツ用品の滑走性を高める組成。 70 to 98% by weight of one or more paraffin waxes and / or fluorine waxes;
2 to 30% by weight of one or more modified silicone polymers according to claims 1 to 4;
A composition for enhancing the slipperiness of sports equipment, comprising, if necessary, a solvent which is one or more viscosity modifiers.
Use of the modified silicone polymer or composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8 for improving the underwater sliding performance of a sporting equipment such as a boat, a surfboard, a water ski and a swimsuit.
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| DE102004039409.1 | 2004-08-13 | ||
| DE102004039409A DE102004039409A1 (en) | 2004-08-13 | 2004-08-13 | Lubricant for sports equipment |
| PCT/EP2005/008698 WO2006018210A1 (en) | 2004-08-13 | 2005-08-10 | Lubricant for sports equipment |
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| JP2008509265A5 JP2008509265A5 (en) | 2012-08-30 |
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| EP (1) | EP1778810B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP5228487B2 (en) |
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| CN105176393A (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2015-12-23 | 中山科邦化工材料技术有限公司 | Environment-friendly surface protection film aerosol composition |
| US10493244B2 (en) | 2015-10-28 | 2019-12-03 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Extension tubing strain relief |
| FI127921B (en) * | 2016-02-18 | 2019-05-15 | Vauhti Speed Oy | Composition for cleaning skin strips of skin skis |
| FI128011B (en) * | 2016-02-18 | 2019-07-31 | Vauhti Speed Oy | Composition for improving performance of waxless skis |
| WO2019040370A1 (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2019-02-28 | Drake Powderworks, Llc. | Lubricious coatings for skis and snowboards and related methods of use |
| CN107653040B (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2020-07-10 | 上海永玺环境科技有限公司 | Lubricant for sports track on land ice and application thereof, and sports track on land ice |
| CN107653041B (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2020-07-10 | 上海永玺环境科技有限公司 | Sports track lubricant on land ice and application thereof |
| DE202018102849U1 (en) | 2018-05-22 | 2018-05-30 | Zipps Skiwachse Gmbh | Lubricant for use on sliding surfaces of winter sports equipment |
| US20220135841A1 (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2022-05-05 | Drake Powderworks, Llc | Lubricious coatings for skis and snowboards and related systems and methods of use |
| CN112029419A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2020-12-04 | 河北体育学院 | Universal ski-aid wax |
| CN113372729A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-09-10 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | Drag reduction wax, preparation method thereof and application thereof in ski drag reduction |
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| GB755794A (en) * | 1953-08-06 | 1956-08-29 | Rhone Poulenc Sa | Improvements in or relating to waxy coating compositions |
| AT300993B (en) * | 1968-12-23 | 1972-08-10 | Reflex Moebelpflegemittel | Process for improving the sliding properties of the running surface of skis |
| DE2618815A1 (en) * | 1975-05-05 | 1976-11-18 | Gen Electric | PROCESS FOR POLYMERIZING CYCLIC DIORGANOPOLYSILOXANES |
| US3997496A (en) * | 1975-05-12 | 1976-12-14 | General Electric Company | Process for the preparation of fluorosilicone polymers and copolymers |
| US4729794A (en) * | 1985-06-06 | 1988-03-08 | Edge Line Products, Inc. | Ski wax composition and process of application |
| US4828885A (en) * | 1985-06-06 | 1989-05-09 | Edge Line Products, Inc. | Ski wax composition and process of application |
| AT389316B (en) | 1988-05-03 | 1989-11-27 | Watschinger Gerhard Dr | LUBRICANTS, ESPECIALLY SKI WAX |
| JPH03193072A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1991-08-22 | Nippon Mining Co Ltd | Ski board |
| IT1241402B (en) | 1990-03-02 | 1994-01-14 | Enichem Sintesi | SLIDING AGENTS |
| EP0527286A1 (en) * | 1991-08-13 | 1993-02-17 | Goyo Paper Working Co. Ltd. | Lubricant |
| JPH05156277A (en) * | 1991-11-29 | 1993-06-22 | Goyo Paper Working Co Ltd | Solid lubricant |
| US5445751A (en) * | 1993-03-03 | 1995-08-29 | Dow Corning Toray Silicon Co., Ltd. | Fluorosilicone lubricant compositions |
| AU3002195A (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 1996-01-25 | DeVille Group, Inc., The | Fluoropolymer compositions and preparation and uses thereof |
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| WO1998003574A1 (en) * | 1996-07-18 | 1998-01-29 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Fluorinated organosilicon compounds and process for the preparation thereof |
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| JP3982012B2 (en) * | 1997-01-30 | 2007-09-26 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Novel compositions and treatment agents |
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| JP2004224987A (en) * | 2003-01-27 | 2004-08-12 | Mitsushi Endo | Wax |
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2004
- 2004-08-13 DE DE102004039409A patent/DE102004039409A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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2005
- 2005-08-10 EP EP05787614A patent/EP1778810B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-08-10 US US11/573,674 patent/US7745560B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-08-10 DE DE502005004419T patent/DE502005004419D1/en active Active
- 2005-08-10 JP JP2007525254A patent/JP5228487B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-08-10 WO PCT/EP2005/008698 patent/WO2006018210A1/en active IP Right Grant
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2007
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| US7745560B2 (en) | 2010-06-29 |
| EP1778810A1 (en) | 2007-05-02 |
| US20070225179A1 (en) | 2007-09-27 |
| WO2006018210A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
| DE502005004419D1 (en) | 2008-07-24 |
| EP1778810B1 (en) | 2008-06-11 |
| NO20070492L (en) | 2007-04-19 |
| JP2008509265A (en) | 2008-03-27 |
| DE102004039409A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
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