JP5228177B2 - 高温超伝導体装置のための極低温冷却方法および装置 - Google Patents
高温超伝導体装置のための極低温冷却方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明のこれらおよびその他の特徴、側面、および利点は、以下の詳細な明細書が、図面中の同様の部分は同様の符号で示される添付の図面を参照して読まれるとよりよく理解されるだろう。
Claims (26)
- 寒剤を液体領域内に位置する液体状態および気体領域内に位置するガス状態で保存する寒剤格納容器を持つ極低温冷却システムのための極低温冷却方法、ここで、前記液体状態は冷却領域、および温度勾配層(TGL)を含み、該温度勾配層は、気体領域に隣接した境界領域を含み、ここで、該極低温冷却システムは少なくとも一つの超伝導体を持つ、であって、該方法は、
加圧された寒剤領域を、前記寒剤格納容器内に保持するステップ、
液体状態の寒剤の冷却領域の温度を、冷却手段を用いて、その沸騰温度またはそれ以下に維持するステップ、
前記温度勾配層(TGL)の最適な厚さを維持するステップ、ここで、停滞した液体寒剤の場合は、このようなTGLの最適な厚さは、式k×S×(ΔT)/Qで表わされ、ここで、“S”はTGLの表面面積であり、“ΔT”は前記TGL領域にわたる温度差であり、“k”はTGL中の寒剤の熱伝導率であり、“Q”はTGLと気体領域との間の境界面を通ってTGLへ入力される熱量であり、かつ、
前記TGLと液体寒剤の冷却領域との間の熱転送プレートを維持するステップ、ここで、このような熱転送プレートは、熱的に寒剤冷却手段に結合され、ここで、このような熱転送プレートの熱伝導特徴は、前記TGLへの熱量の入力が前記冷却領域、または結合された寒剤冷却手段に転送されることを可能とする、
よりなることを特徴とする方法。 - 前記寒剤の絶縁耐力を改善するために、前記寒剤の圧力を1絶対大気圧以上に維持するステップをさらに備える、請求項1に記載の極低温冷却方法。
- 前記TGL内の液体寒剤を加熱して沸騰させ、前記気体領域の圧力を増大するステップをさらに備える、請求項1に記載の極低温冷却方法。
- 気体の寒剤を放出して前記気体領域の圧力を下げるステップをさらに備える、請求項1に記載の極低温冷却方法。
- 前記寒剤格納容器は、前記外部容器と前記寒剤格納容器との間に真空を維持するのに適応する外部容器内に収納されている、請求項1に記載の極低温冷却方法。
- 前記寒剤格納容器は、外部容器と前記寒剤格納容器との間に第2の寒剤を維持するよう適合された前記外部容器内に収容されており、前記第2の寒剤は、前記寒剤格納容器内に収容された寒剤を冷却するものである、請求項1に記載の極低温冷却方法。
- 前記冷却手段は密閉サイクル冷凍冷却器である、請求項1に記載の極低温冷却方法。
- 前記密閉サイクル冷凍冷却器はGifford-McMahon冷凍機である、請求項7に記載の極低温冷却方法。
- 前記密閉サイクル冷凍冷却器はパルスチューブ冷凍機である、請求項7に記載の極低温冷却方法。
- 前記寒剤の圧力を維持して該寒剤の沸点を上昇させ、これにより前記寒剤が気泡を生成する温度を上昇させるステップをさらに備える、請求項1に記載の極低温冷却方法。
- 内部容器、少なくとも一つの高温超伝導体、及び外部容器をもち、前記内部容器は、加圧された寒剤を液体領域内の液体状態および気体領域内の気体状態に保持するよう前記外部容器内に収容されるよう適合される極低温冷却システムであって、ここで、前記液体領域は、寒剤の沸騰温度以下の温度を持つ冷却領域、および温度勾配層を含み、該温度勾配層は、前記気体領域に隣接する境界領域を含み、前記冷却システムは、以下のものよりなる:
前記気体領域での圧力を増大するために前記温度勾配層領域内の液体寒剤を、沸騰させる液体加熱手段;
前記気体領域での圧力を減らすためにガスを放出するガス放出手段;
前記冷却領域内の液体寒剤の一部を、その沸騰温度、およびそれ以下である冷却された温度範囲内に維持する極低温冷却手段;および、
前記温度勾配層(TGL)の最適厚さを維持するための温度勾配層手段、ここで、停滞した液体寒剤の場合のこのようなTGLの最適厚さは、式k×S×(ΔT)/Qで表わされ、ここで、“S”はTGLの表面面積であり、“ΔT”は前記TGL領域にわたる温度差であり、“k”はTGL中の寒剤の熱伝導率であり、“Q”はTGLと気体領域との間の境界面を通ってTGLに入力される熱量である;
前記TGLと液体寒剤の冷却領域との間の熱転送プレート、ここで、このような熱転送プレートは、寒剤冷却手段に熱的に結合されており、このような熱転送プレートの熱伝導特性は、前記TGLへの熱量の入力が前記冷却領域、または結合された寒剤冷却手段に転送されることを可能とする、
ことを特徴とする極低温冷却システム。 - 前記外部容器は、前記内部容器と前記外部容器との間の真空を維持するよう適合されている、請求項11に記載の極低温冷却システム。
- 前記寒剤収容容器は、外部容器と前記寒剤収容容器との間に第2の寒剤を維持するよう適合された前記外部容器内に収容されており、前記第2の寒剤は、前記寒剤収容容器内に収容された寒剤を冷却するものである、請求項11記載の極低温冷却システム。
- 前記冷却手段は密閉サイクル冷凍冷却器である、請求項11に記載の極低温冷却システム。
- 前記密閉サイクル冷凍冷却器は、Gifford-McMahon冷凍機およびパルスチューブ冷凍機を含むグループより選択される、請求項14に記載の極低温冷却システム。
- 前記熱転送プレートは、プレート、リング、或いは棒の形状のものであり、このような熱転送プレートは、前記TGL液体寒剤領域から冷却された液体領域および結合された寒剤冷却手段への熱の転送を有効とするための熱伝導性材料よりなる少なくとも1つの層よりなる、請求項11に記載の極低温冷却システム。
- 誘電体媒体をさらに備え、前記誘電体媒体は高温超伝導体を封入する、請求項11に記載の極低温冷却システム。
- 前記誘電体媒体は金網を含み、前記金網は5ミリ以下の開口を持って前記液体領域中の気泡の微粉化を促進する、請求項11に記載の極低温冷却システム。
- 内部容器、少なくとも一つの高温超伝導体、及び外部容器をもち、前記内部容器は、加圧された寒剤を液体領域内の液体状態および気体領域内の気体状態に保持するよう前記外部容器内に収容されるよう適合される極低温冷却システムであって、ここで、温度勾配層(TGL)は最適厚さに維持されており、ここで、このような停滞した液体寒剤の場合のこのようなTGLの最適厚さは、式k×S×(ΔT)/Qで表わされ、ここで、“S”はTGLの表面面積であり、“ΔT”は前記TGL領域にわたる温度差であり、“k”は前記TGL中の寒剤の熱伝導率であり、“Q”は前記TGLと前記気体領域との間の境界面を通って前記TGLに入力される熱量である、
ことを特徴とする極低温冷却システム。 - 熱を前記液体領域内に結合させるための、前記内部容器内に配置された熱転送プレートをさらに備える、請求項19に記載の極低温冷却システム。
- 前記液体寒剤の一部を、その沸点以下に維持する寒剤冷却手段をさらに備える、請求項19に記載の極低温冷却システム。
- 前記液体領域内で、前記内部容器の内部に配置されたガス蒸発ヒータをさらに備える、請求項19に記載の極低温冷却システム。
- さらに、前記超伝導体を収容する少なくとも1つの誘電体を備える、請求項19に記載の極低温冷却システム。
- 放射熱の前記内部容器への漏れを削減する、前記内部容器の外側表面を囲む多層熱絶縁体をさらに備える、請求項19に記載の極低温冷却システム。
- 前記熱転送プレートに結合されたバイメタルインターフェースをさらに備える、請求項19に記載の極低温冷却システム。
- 前記内部容器と前記加圧された寒剤との間に真空空間を備える、請求項19に記載の極低温冷却システム。
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US10/465,089 US6854276B1 (en) | 2003-06-19 | 2003-06-19 | Method and apparatus of cryogenic cooling for high temperature superconductor devices |
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JP5916517B2 (ja) * | 2012-05-29 | 2016-05-11 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | 冷却容器 |
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WO2016005882A1 (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2016-01-14 | Victoria Link Ltd | Method and apparatus for cryogenic cooling of hts devices immersed in liquid cryogen |
DE112015006577T5 (de) * | 2015-05-29 | 2018-03-15 | Koyo Thermo Systems Co., Ltd. | Behälterkühlvorrichtung |
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