JP5224814B2 - 細胞内ターゲティングエレメントを含んでなるナノ粒子、その調製および使用 - Google Patents
細胞内ターゲティングエレメントを含んでなるナノ粒子、その調製および使用 Download PDFInfo
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Description
・励起によって活性化可能な少なくとも1つの無機または有機化合物を含んでなる核、
・場合により、生体適合性コーティング、および
・細胞内分子または構造に対する親和性を提示する、好ましくは粒子表面に露出された少なくとも1つのターゲティング分子(targeting molecule)。
・上記において規定されるような1つもしくはそれ以上の化合物を含んでなる格の形成、
・核の任意のコーティング、
・場合により、コーティングされたそのようにして形成される前記粒子の表面において細胞内分子または構造に対する親和性を提示する少なくとも1つのターゲティング分子のグラフト化および、場合により、
・生体細胞または組織を特異的に標的化することを可能にする少なくとも1つの表面ターゲティングエレメント(targeting element)のグラフト化(grafting)。
先に示したように、本粒子は、特定の特性を有し、場合により、コーティングで覆われた少なくとも1つのタイプの無機または有機化合物を含有する核を含んでなる。
本粒子の核の組成に加入することができる磁場に感受性な化合物は、典型的に、無機化合物である。そのような化合物は、磁場の影響下で粒子の物理的回転を可能にする、例えば、非酸化金属、金属酸化物または混合型金属酸化物化合物である。それは、例えば、酸化鉄(II)もしくは酸化鉄(III)、酸化コバルトまたは混合型鉄/酸化コバルトであり得る。
本粒子の核の組成に加入することができるX線に感受性の化合物は、有利には、無機化合物である。前記化合物は、好ましくは、希土類元素よりなる群において選択されるドーピング剤で有利にドープ処理された、酸化物、水酸化物、スルホキシドまたは塩の形態である(FR第0405036号明細書に記載のとおり)。例えば、それらは、Y2O3、(Y,Gd)2O3、CaWO4、GdO2S、LaOBr、YTaO3、BaFCl、Gd2O2S、Gd3Ga5O12、Rb3Lu(PO4)2およびCs3Lu(PO4)2よりなる群において選択され得る。使用されるドーピング剤は、有利には、例えば、Gd、Eu、Tb、Er、Nb、PrおよびCeの中から選択される希土類元素である。
本粒子の核の組成に加入することができるUV〜可視光に感受性な化合物は、有利には、本質的に無機であり、特に、TiO2、ZnOおよび(これは制限的ではない)CdS、CdSe、CdTe、MnTeならびに混合溶液(例えば、CdZnSe、CdMnSeなど)のような半導体化合物よりなる群において選択され、場合により、希土類元素でドープ処理され得る(FR第0405036号明細書において記載のとおり)。使用するUV〜可視光に感受性な化合物はまた、UV光の影響下で熱またはフリーラジカルを生成し得る有機化合物/分子であり得る。
本ナノ粒子の核の組成に加入することができるレーザー光に感受性な化合物は、好ましくは、化合物または光感受性化合物/有機もしくは無機性質の分子の混合物である。そのような化合物は、例えば、生物学的、化学的分子またはそれらの混合物であり得る。化合物は、場合により、希土類元素でドープ処理された半導体化合物または混合溶液であり得る。活性化された分子(レーザー光の影響下)は、周囲の酸素もしくは他の分子をフリーラジカルに変換するか、または熱を生成する。
本ナノ粒子の核の組成に加入することができる他のタイプの放射線に感受性な化合物は、好ましくは、高周波、超音波、ラジオ波などのタイプの放射線の吸収またはそれらとの相互作用を可能にする有機もしくは無機性質の化合物あるいは化合物の混合物の中から選択される。
先に示したように、本発明に従うナノ粒子は、コーティングをさらに含んでなることができる。有利なことに、そのようなコーティングは、インビボで粒子の完全性を保ち、その生体適合性を確実にするかまたは改善し、その官能基化(例えば、スペーサー分子、生体適合性ポリマー、ターゲット剤、タンパク質など)を容易にする。
・生体組織または細胞に対する特異的標的化を可能にする表面ターゲット剤、
・生体適合性を確実もしくは改善する分子、または
・粒子が免疫系を免れる(および特に、マクロファージおよびSREとの相互作用を回避する)ことを可能にする分子。
先に示したように、本出願は、細胞内構造もしくは分子を特異的に認識するヒトあるいは動物の治療および/または診断において使用することができる新規の化合物を提供する。本ナノ粒子の認識特異性は、低濃度であっても、特に、インビボで、それらが、細胞、組織または器官を標識、改変、または破壊することを可能にする。従って、本発明に従う生成物は、先行技術の生成物よりも低い潜在的危険性の毒性を有する。
本発明に従うナノ粒子は、細胞内構造または分子に親和性を提示するターゲティング分子に加えて、生体組織または細胞を特異的に標的化するために表面エレメントを含んでなることができる。前記表面エレメントは、任意の手段、好ましくは、共有結合によって、場合により、スペーサーセグメントによって、粒子に結合され得る。それは、核、例えば、無機化合物、または以下に記載のように、任意のコーティングと会合し得る。
本発明に従うナノ粒子は、当該分野において任意の既知の方法によって製造することができる。
・上記において規定されるような1つもしくはそれ以上の化合物を含んでなる格の形成、
・核の任意のコーティング、
・場合により、コーティングされたそのようにして形成される前記粒子の表面において細胞内分子または構造に対する親和性を提示する少なくとも1つのターゲティング分子のグラフト化、および場合により、
・生体細胞または組織を特異的に標的化することを可能にする少なくとも1つの表面ターゲティングエレメントのグラフト化。
本発明のもう1つの目的は、上記において規定されるようなおよび/または上記の方法によって得ることができるナノ粒子を含んでなる任意の組成物に基づく。必ずしも必須ではないが、本組成物の粒子は、有利には、完全に均質なサイズおよび形状を有する。一般的に、組成物は、100mlあたり0.3〜3000mgの粒子を含んでなる。組成物は、固体、液体(懸濁液中の粒子)、ゲル、ペーストなどの形態であり得る。
本発明の組成物、粒子および集合体は、多くの分野、特にヒトまたは獣医学において使用することができる。
・表在X線(20〜50keV):表面付近のナノ粒子を活性化するため(数ミリメートルの貫通)。
・診断用X線(50〜150keV)。
・6cmの組織厚を貫通することができる200〜500keVのX線(常用電圧)
・1000keV〜25,000keVのX線(高電圧)。例えば、前立腺癌の処置のためのナノ粒子の励起は、15,000keVのエネルギーを伴う5つのフォーカスX線を介して行うことができる。
以下のプロトコルに従って、プロトポルフィリンIXでドープ処理され(doped)、標的化された光感受性ナノ粒子を合成した。
a)0.5gのブタノールと混合した0.5gのAOTを、20mlの蒸留水に溶解した。
b)30マイクロリットルのDMFおよび15nMプロトポルフィリンIXを、工程a)で得られた上記の溶液に添加し、混合した。
c)トリエトキシビニルシラン(200マイクロリットル)および3−アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン(10マイクロリットル)を、b)において得られた混合物に添加し、数時間撹拌した。
d)c)において得られた溶液を透析し、ろ過した。
e)3−(トリエトキシシラニルウプロピルカルバモイル)−酪酸分子を溶液d)のナノ粒子に添加し、DMFに分散させ、次いで、混合物を24時間、撹拌した。
f)L.レビ(L.Levy)ら、「Nanochemistry:Synthesis and Characterization of Multifunctional NanoBiodrugs for Biological Applications.」(Chem.Mater.2002年、14(9),3715−3721)に記載の方法を使用して、細胞内分子または構造に対する親和性を提示するターゲティングエレメント(ローダミン)および表面ターゲティングエレメント(LHRH)をe)において得られた混合物に添加した。次いで、
g)ナノ粒子を回収し、それらの完全性を確認した。
サンプルa)は、遊離のローダミンおよび遊離のLHRHの存在下で配置されたナノ粒子からなり、ナノ粒子、ローダミンおよびLHRHは等張液に分散された。
以下のプロトコルに従って、磁性ナノ粒子を合成した。
a)32gのFe(NO3)3および8gのFe(Cl)2を、水酸化ナトリウム(13g)により、70℃の温度で撹拌しながら共沈殿させた(1リットル反応器)。
b)a)で得られたナノ粒子を水(pH8)で濯ぎ、エタノール/水混合物(4:1)に分散させた。TEOSを、ある割合(質量TEOS=1.2質量粒子)で添加し、混合物を数時間、撹拌した。
c)3−(トリエトキシルシラニルプロピルカルバモイル)−酪酸分子を、DMF中に分散させたナノ粒子に添加し、24時間、撹拌した。
d)L.レビ(L.Levy)ら、「Nanochemistry:Synthesis and Characterization of Multifunctional NanoBiodrugs for Biological Applications.」(Chem.Mater.2002年、14(9),3715−3721)に記載の方法を使用して、細胞内分子または構造に対する親和性を提示するターゲティングエレメント(ローダミン)および表面ターゲティングエレメント(LHRH)を添加した。
サンプルa)は、遊離のローダミンおよび遊離のLHRHの存在下で配置されたナノ粒子から構成され、ナノ粒子、ローダミンおよびLHRHは等張液に分散された。
Claims (19)
- 生体適合性複合ナノ粒子であって、
・励起された場合に、機能的改変、標的細胞の溶解または破壊を誘導する少なくとも1つの無機または有機化合物を含んでなる核、
・あらゆる表面または細胞外分子よりも細胞内分子または構造に対して高い親和性を提示する、該粒子表面に露出された少なくとも1つの細胞内ターゲティング分子としてのローダミン、および
・生体組織または細胞に対して該ナノ粒子を標的化する少なくとも1つの表面ターゲティングエレメントとしてのLHRH分子
を含んでなる、生体適合性複合ナノ粒子。 - 核が、磁場の影響下で粒子の物理的回転を可能にする金属酸化物または非酸化金属を含んでなることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のナノ粒子。
- 核が、レーザー光の影響下で熱またはフリーラジカルの生成を可能にする光感受性分子を含んでなることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のナノ粒子。
- 核が、UVまたはレーザー光の影響下で熱またはフリーラジカルの生成を可能にする、半導体化合物、混合溶液または有機分子を含んでなることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のナノ粒子。
- 核が、希土類元素でドープ処理された混合溶液を含んでなることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載のナノ粒子。
- 核が、X線の影響下で熱またはフリーラジカルの生成を可能にする、酸化物、水酸化物、スルホキシド、それらの塩あるいは混合物の形態の無機化合物、または非酸化金属を含んでなることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のナノ粒子。
- 混合物が、希土類元素でドープ処理されていることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載のナノ粒子。
- さらに、無機もしくは有機の構造、非結晶または結晶から構成されるコーティングを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載のナノ粒子。
- 細胞内ターゲティング分子が、コーティングまたは前記粒子の核にグラフト化されることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載のナノ粒子。
- 生体細胞または組織を特異的に標的化することを可能にする表面エレメントが、コーティングまたは前記粒子の核にグラフト化されることを特徴とする、請求項8または9に記載のナノ粒子。
- ターゲティング分子および/または表面エレメントが、(CH2)nCOOH官能基(式中、nは1〜10の整数である)を介してコーティングにグラフト化されることを特徴とする、請求項8〜10のいずれか1項に記載のナノ粒子。
- 該ナノ粒子が、4〜1000nmの間に含まれるサイズを有することを特徴とする、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載のナノ粒子。
- 該ナノ粒子が、球体の形状であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載のナノ粒子。
- ・請求項1〜6のいずれか1項において規定される少なくとも1つの無機または有機化合物を含んでなる核の形成、および
・そのようにして形成される前記粒子の表面において、あらゆる表面または細胞外分子よりも細胞内分子または構造に対して高い親和性を提示する少なくとも1つの細胞内ターゲティング分子としてのローダミンをグラフト化すること、および
・生体細胞または組織に対する細胞外特異的な標的化を可能にする少なくとも1つの表面ターゲティングエレメントとしてのLHRH分子のグラフト化、
を含んでなる請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載のナノ粒子を製造するための方法。 - 請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載のナノ粒子を含んでなる医薬組成物または診断用組成物。
- 標的細胞を破壊することを目的とする医薬品を調製するための、ナノ粒子核に適応される励起源と組み合わされた請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載のナノ粒子、または請求項15に記載の組成物の使用。
- 細胞、組織または器官を検出もしくは可視化することを目的とする組成物を調製するための、ナノ粒子核に適応される励起源と組み合わされた請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載のナノ粒子、または請求項15に記載の組成物の使用。
- 標的細胞が癌細胞であることを特徴とする、請求項16または17に記載の使用。
- 励起源が光、放射線または外部場であることを特徴とする、請求項16または17に記載の使用。
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