JP5220842B2 - プラスマロゲン欠乏症が媒介する加齢に伴う疾患の診断及びリスク評価のための方法 - Google Patents
プラスマロゲン欠乏症が媒介する加齢に伴う疾患の診断及びリスク評価のための方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
a)1又は複数の代謝産物マーカーについての定量的データを得るために、前記患者からの試料を解析するステップと、
b)前記1又は複数の代謝産物マーカーについての定量的データを、1又は複数の基準試料から得た対応するデータと比較するステップとを含み、
前記比較を使用して、AO−PBD又はAO−PBDのリスクを診断することができる。
a)1又は複数の代謝産物マーカーについての定量的データを得るために、前記患者からの試料を解析するステップと、
b)内部対照の代謝産物に対する1又は複数の代謝産物マーカーそれぞれについての比を得るステップと、
c)内部対照の代謝産物に対する前記1又は複数の代謝産物マーカーそれぞれの比を、1又は複数の基準試料から得た対応するデータと比較するステップとを含み、
前記比較を使用して、AO−PBD又はAO−PBDのリスクを診断することができる。
[実施例]
AO−PBDが、本当に個別の疾患状況であるのか、それとも以前に特徴付けられたヒト疾患の単なる症状であるのかを決定するために、以下の実験を実行した。
RCDPの症状が、癌及び神経学的な疾患の両方に関係するとみなされていることから、肺癌、乳癌、大腸癌、前立腺癌、卵巣癌及び腎臓癌、3つの型の多発性硬化症(再発寛解型、二次性進行型及び一次性進行型)、可能性が高いアルツハイマー型の認知症、並びに病理学的に確認されたアルツハイマー病における種々のGPEのレベルを調査した。4つのジアシルGPE、8つのプラスマニルGPE及び8つのプラスメニルGPE、並びに遊離DHA及びアラカドン酸の血清レベルを、種々の年齢及び疾患の1369人の対象において解析した(表4及び5)。表6〜11は、研究した分子のそれぞれについての結果を示す。図2及び3は、2つの原型的なプラスメニルGPE(それぞれ16:0/18:2及び16:0/22:6)の平均及びSEMを示す。プラスメニル16:0/18:2は、sn−2において単純なジ不飽和脂肪酸を含有する原型的な白質のプラスマロゲン(リノール酸)であり、プラスメニル16:0/22:6は、sn−2においてポリ不飽和脂肪酸を含有する原型的な灰白質のプラスマロゲン(DHA)である。各分子を、ジアシルGPE16:0/18:0に対する比として表し、観察しやすいように、対照集団の比の平均に対してさらに正規化する。プラスメニル16:0/18:2及び16:0/22:6は、癌の群及び可能性が高いアルツハイマー群のすべてにおいて有意により低いが、多発性硬化症の群ではいずれもがそうではなかった。実際、プラスメニル16:0/22:6は、二次性進行型MS及び一次性進行型MSにおいては、実際に、統計学的に上昇している。これら2つのグラフからのその他の重要な観察は、50〜59歳の年齢群と比較すると、60〜69歳の年齢群では、プラスマロゲンが有意に減少することである。
図1及び22に示すように、
プラスマロゲン合成の最後の段階がERにおいて生じ、1−O−エーテルの1−O−ビニルエーテルへの脱飽和が関与する。この1−O−ビニルエーテルは、プラスマロゲンの特性の多く、特に、抗酸化能力にとって重大な意味をもつ。合成とは関係のない、酸化的ストレスの増加に至る状況はいずれも、プラスメニル種を優先的に消滅させるであろう。このことを調査するために、16:0/18:2及び16:0/22:6についてプラスマニル/プラスメニルの対を測定した(図4)。観察されたのは、血清プラスマロゲンレベルの低下を示した疾患においては、プラスマニル種及びプラスメニル種の両方が、共に低下することであった。このことから、癌及び認知症におけるプラスマロゲンのレベルの低下は、これらの疾患における酸化的ストレスの増加には起因しないことが示されている。
AO−PBDの罹患率を決定するために、最初に、すべての対象について、ジアシル16:0/18:0に対するプラスメニル16:0/18:2及びプラスメニル16:0/22:6の比を計算し、次いで、各対象を、正常集団の平均で割り、次いで、各値をlog2に変換して正規化した。次いで、各対象について、それら2つのlog2の値のうちの最も低いものを使用して、図5〜13に示す集団ヒストグラムを生み出した。−1のカットオフ値を使用したが、所望の感度及び特異性をもたらす任意のカット値を使用することができるであろう。log2の値が−1未満である対象は、集団の平均の50%未満の血清プラスマロゲンレベルを有する。このことを広い視野から眺めると、Perichonによって使用されたRDCP細胞系(Perichon R, Moser AB, Wallace WC, Cunningham SC, Roth GS, Moser HW. Peroxisomal disease cell lines with cellular plasmalogen deficiency have impaired muscarinic cholinergic signal transduction activity and amyloid precursor protein secretion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 248(1): 57-61)は、対照の約30%のプラスマロゲンレベルを有した。このカットオフを使用すると、癌の罹患率は、前立腺癌のちょうど50%未満から乳癌の100%までに及ぶことが観察された。(図14)。認知症の対象と認知が正常と確認された者との間の差はそれぞれ、39%と6%であった。
認知症の病因については、広範に研究がなされていることから、324人の対象(176人の女性、148人の男性)、56〜95歳を使用して、認知症の重症度の作用を決定した。対象には、68人の認知機能から確認された認知症でない対象(簡易知能評価スケール(MMSE,Mini Mental State Examination)(MMSE≧28))、及び認知症と現在診断されている256人の対象(アルツハイマー病評価スコア、認知機能サブセット(ADAS−cog,Alzheimer's Diseases Assessment Score, cognitive sub-set)6〜70、MMSE0〜26))が含まれた。対象を、MMSEスコア[≧28=認知機能上正常]、又はADAS−cogスコア[5〜19=低度の認知障害;20〜39=中等度;40〜70=重度]のいずれかに基づいて、4つの認知症重症度コホートのうちの1つにグループ化した。各グループについて、8つのPlsEtn及び遊離ドコサヘキサエン酸(DHA,docosahexaenoic acid、22:6)の血清レベルの平均を決定した(図15)。すべての認知症のサブグループにおいて、8つのPlsEtnのすべてが、認知機能の対照と比べ、有意に低下していることが観察された(24個の一対比較、t検定p値:2.6e−2〜2.0e−10、平均=3.9e−5)。遊離DHAは、中等度及び重度の認知症の対象においてのみ有意に減少していた(p<0.05)。
認知機能が正常で、癌を有しない複数の対象について、上記実施例1に記載したもの等の検証された解析方法を使用して、表5に列挙した全代謝産物のすべて又はサブセットについての血清レベルの平均±SEMを測定した。これは、男性と女性とを分離して又は組み合わせて実施することができる。こうして測定した各代謝産物の平均値が、正常基準値となる。
認知機能が正常で、癌を有しない複数の対象について、上記実施例1に記載したもの等の検証された解析方法を使用して、表5に列挙した全代謝産物のすべて又はサブセットについて、血清レベルの平均±SEMを決定した。これは、男性と女性とを分離して又は組み合わせて実施することができる。
患者間の変動を減少させるために、試験している変動要因の間では顕著に変化しない内因性代謝産物を使用することができる。例えば、M01はAO−PBDにおいては顕著に変化しないので、これを使用することができよう。上記に記載したもの等の検証された解析方法を使用して、表5に列挙した全代謝産物のすべて又はサブセットの比を計算した。また、複数の正常な対象について、これらの代謝産物のそれぞれについての血清の比のレベルの平均±SEMも計算した。これは、男性と女性とを分離して又は組み合わせて実施することができる。
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Claims (18)
- 対象における成人発症性プラスマロゲン生合成障害を判定する方法であって、
a)プラスマニルグリセリルホスホエタノールアミン及びプラスメニルグリセリルホスホエタノールアミンからなる群から選択される1又は複数の代謝産物マーカーについての定量的データを得るために、前記対象からの血液試料を解析するステップと、
b)前記血液試料中の前記1又は複数の代謝産物マーカーのレベルの減少を同定するために、前記1又は複数の代謝産物マーカーについての前記定量的データを、1又は複数の基準試料から得た対応するデータと比較するステップと、
c)前記対象における成人発症性プラスマロゲン生合成障害の存在を判定するために、前記血液試料中の前記1又は複数の代謝産物マーカーのレベルの前記減少を使用するステップと
を含む方法。 - 対象におけるプラスマロゲン欠乏症関連ヒト健康障害における変化又はそのリスクを判定するステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 1又は複数の内部対照の代謝産物についての定量的データを得るために、患者からの血液試料を解析するステップと、
前記1又は複数の内部対照の代謝産物について得たレベルに対する、前記1又は複数の代謝産物マーカーのレベルそれぞれについての比を得るステップと
をさらに含み、
前記比較するステップ(b)が、各比と、1又は複数の基準試料について得た1又は複数の対応する比とを比較することを含む、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。 - プラスマニルグリセリルホスホエタノールアミンが、プラスマニル16:0/18:1、プラスマニル16:0/18:2、プラスマニル16:0/20:4、プラスマニル16:0/22:4、プラスマニル16:0/22:6、プラスマニル18:0/18:1、プラスマニル18:0/18:2、プラスマニル18:0/20:4、プラスマニル18:0/22:4、プラスマニル18:0/22:6、及びそれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- プラスメニルグリセリルホスホエタノールアミンが、プラスメニル16:0/18:1、プラスメニル16:0/18:2、プラスメニル16:0/20:4、プラスメニル16:0/22:4、プラスメニル16:0/22:6、プラスメニル18:0/18:1、プラスメニル18:0/18:2、プラスメニル18:0/20:4、プラスメニル18:0/22:4、プラスメニル18:0/22:6、及びそれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 対象が20歳超である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 定量的データを、フーリエ変換イオンサイクロトロン共鳴質量分析計、飛行時間質量分析計、オルビトラップ質量分析計、四極子質量分析計、又は三連四重極質量分析計を使用して得られる、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 質量分析計がクロマトグラフシステムを備える、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 血液試料が血清試料である、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 血液試料に対して液体/液体抽出を実施し、それによって、非極性の代謝産物が有機溶媒中に溶解され、極性の代謝産物が水性溶媒中に溶解される、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 抽出した試料を、正若しくは負のエレクトロスプレーイオン化、又は正若しくは負の大気圧化学イオン化によって解析する、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 抽出した試料をMS/MS遷移によって解析する、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 抽出した試料を、抽出イオン電流(EIC)クロマトグラフィー及びMS/MS遷移によって解析する、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 請求項4に記載のプラスマニルグリセリルホスホエタノールアミンについてのMS/MS遷移が、それぞれ702.0/281.0、700.0/279.0、724.0/303.0、752.0/331.0、748.0/327.0、730.0/281.0、728.0/279.0、752.0/303.0、780.0/331.0及び776.0/327.0である、請求項12又は13に記載の方法。
- 請求項5に記載のプラスメニルグリセリルホスホエタノールアミンについてのMS/MS遷移が、それぞれ700.0/281.0、698.0/279.0、722.0/303.0、750.0/331.0、746.0/327.0、728.0/281.0、726.0/279.0、750.6/303.2、778.0/331.0及び774.0/327.0である、請求項12又は13に記載の方法。
- 1又は複数の内部対照の代謝産物が、ジアシルグリセリルホスホエタノールアミン(PtdEt)である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- ジアシルグリセリルホスホエタノールアミンが、PtdEt16:0/18:0である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 試料をMS/MS遷移によって解析し、PtdEt16:0/18:0についてのMS/MS遷移が、718.0/255.0である、請求項17に記載の方法。
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US20110275600A1 (en) * | 2009-01-02 | 2011-11-10 | Frederic Destaillats | Methods for increasing endogenous plasmalogen levels |
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