JP5207157B2 - High-precision anomaly detection method for folded paper - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for detecting an abnormality in the arrangement state of sheets that occurs when counting the number of folded sheets. Specifically, the present invention relates to the number of sheets of folded sheets of printed matter such as catalogs, pamphlets, and manuals. The present invention relates to a highly accurate abnormality detection method for the arrangement state of sheets generated during counting.

  A large number of printed materials of the same type, such as catalogs, pamphlets, and manuals, are folded by a folding machine in order to arrange them into a predetermined size, and in that state, arrange them into a predetermined number of sheets. Therefore, it is necessary to count. As a method of counting such folded paper, as described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, the back of the paper is captured with a color TV camera or a monochrome TV camera to obtain video information, or brightness. A method has been proposed in which luminance information is obtained using a meter or the like, and then the obtained video information and luminance information are binarized or binarized and counted.

  However, when the identity of a plurality of folded sheets is high, the color intensity and brightness tend to be almost the same for each sheet, so when binarizing or binarizing, The paper reference value can be set easily, but in reality there are often subtle changes in the shape of the back of the paper. In this case, subtle noise in the color intensity and brightness information can occur. Often occurs and miscounts occur. Such subtle fluctuations in the state of paper folding that occur inevitably may cause noise in the obtained video information and luminance information, resulting in erroneous counts, requiring accurate counting. The case has become a problem.

  In addition, when imaging multiple folded sheets, the light from the lighting device is not evenly irradiated due to the irradiation condition of the light and the distance from the light source, and the video information to be counted is not uniform. Nevertheless, since the reference value to be compared is a constant value, errors often occur. In particular, recently, it has become necessary to count a large number of sheets by increasing the distance from the light source. In this case, it is necessary to provide a sheet counting method with more accurate counting conditions. It has become.

However, as described in Patent Document 3 of the present inventor, when the identity of a plurality of folded sheets is high, the color strength and brightness tend to be almost the same for each sheet. In the case of binarization or ternarization, the standard value of each paper can be set easily, but in reality there are often cases where there is a subtle change in the shape of the back of the paper. In many cases, subtle noise is generated in the information of color intensity and brightness, resulting in erroneous counting.
Such subtle fluctuations in the state of paper folding that occur inevitably may cause noise in the obtained video information and luminance information, resulting in erroneous counts, requiring accurate counting. The case has become a problem. In addition, when imaging multiple folded sheets, the light from the lighting device is not evenly irradiated due to the irradiation condition of the light and the distance from the light source, and the video information to be counted is not uniform. Regardless, since the reference value to be compared is constant, errors often occur, and even Patent Document 3 is still insufficient.

  Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-272892   JP-A-3-238579   JP 2007-238324 A

  The present invention relates to a method for detecting an abnormal state of the number of sheets, which can detect an abnormal state of a plurality of sheets of the same type of folded paper with high accuracy in counting a plurality of sheets of the same type of folded paper. It is for the purpose of provision.

  The present invention achieves the above-described object, and aligns a plurality of folded sheets so that the back portion is aligned in the same plane, and presses the aligned plurality of sheets with a pressing plate from both sides, obliquely in front of the back portion. Irradiate light to create a shadow part in the recess between the back and a non-shadow part in the back part, and press the plate on both sides and the back part of the plurality of aligned sheets with an analog color TV camera from the front, The shadow portion of the concave portion is imaged so as to be perpendicular to the horizontal scanning line of the color image signal obtained from the analog color television camera, and the horizontal scanning line 1 of the back imaging portion of the obtained analog color image signal. Value obtained by multi-leveling the intensity of red, green, and blue colors of the analog signal for each minimum resolution unit of the analog color TV camera by a color analog-digital conversion circuit from one end to the other end Conversion to The intensity values of the converted red, green, and blue colors are sequentially assigned from one end to the other end corresponding to each constituent point of the digital signal that is composed of the number of resolutions of the analog color TV camera. The stored color intensity values are smoothed by moving average processing with the previous and subsequent values of 3 to 15, and the constituent points for one horizontal scanning line of three colors of red, green, and blue are uniform. Is divided into 8 to 20, and the value of the preset lower limit line is adopted as the lower limit value, and the average value of the color intensity of the constituent points of each divided range for each of red, green, and blue is obtained. Then, this is used as the value of the central point of the divided range, and the values of both ends are set as the lower limit values set in advance. Connect the values one after the other and connect to the other end to create a reference bend line, and each value on that line Is used as a reference value corresponding to each of the constituent points, and the measurement signal of the color intensity of the constituent point for one horizontal scanning line from one end to the other end is sequentially assigned to the corresponding reference value for each constituent point. In comparison, a component point having a color stronger than the reference value is determined, and the color strength of the determined component point is a value obtained by dividing the number of component points for one horizontal scanning line before and after by the scheduled count number. Compared to the number of component points with a value between 25% and 75%, if the color strength of the determined component points is all stronger than the color strength of the component points before and after the comparison, it is determined as a non-shadow part. The determined non-shadow part is the back part of the paper, and the number of constituent points between the constituent point determined to be the back part of the paper and the constituent point determined to be the back part of the paper is sequentially determined first. The number of component points between the determined component point and the component point finally determined for the paper back is divided by a value obtained by subtracting 1 from the estimated number of sheets. Then, an average value between average component points is obtained, and a value obtained by adding and subtracting a value of 25% to 50% of the divided value to a value obtained by dividing to eliminate the influence of individual differences in the width of the paper, A method for detecting abnormalities of folded paper, characterized in that an abnormality is detected when the value is smaller than the subtracted value or larger than the added value. Align the back of the paper so that the backs are aligned on the same plane, and press the aligned sheets from both sides with the holding plate, and irradiate light from diagonally forward of the back to create shadows in the back and non-shadows in the back. In addition, the pressing plates on both sides and the back of the plurality of aligned sheets are an analog monochrome TV camera from the front, and the shadow portion of the recess is a luminance signal obtained from the analog monochrome TV camera. Imaging so that it is perpendicular to the horizontal scanning line The intensity of the luminance of the analog signal for one horizontal scanning line of the back imaging unit of the obtained analog luminance signal is reduced from the one end to the other end by a monochrome analog-to-digital conversion circuit. Converted into a multi-valued value for each resolution unit, and converted luminance intensity values from one end to the other end of each digital signal composed of the number of resolutions of the analog monochrome TV camera. Sequentially stored in correspondence with the constituent points, smoothed by moving average processing of the stored luminance intensity values before and after 3 to 15 values, uniform constituent points for one horizontal scanning line of luminance Are divided into 8 to 20, and the value of the preset lower limit line is adopted as the lower limit value to obtain the average value of the intensity of the luminance of the constituent points of each divided range, and this is calculated as the center of the divided range. Of the component point of Adopt as one, create a reference bend line that connects the values of the constituent points at the center of the division range one after the other, and connects to the other end at the end, and each point on the obtained bend line Is used as a reference value corresponding to each component point, and the measurement signal of the intensity of the luminance of the component point for one horizontal scanning line from one end to the other end is sequentially assigned to the corresponding reference value for each component point. In comparison, a component point having a higher luminance than the reference value is determined, and the intensity of the determined component point is obtained by dividing the number of component points for one horizontal scanning line before and after by the scheduled count number. Compared with the number of component points with a value of 25% to 75%, if the intensity of the determined component point is all stronger than the intensity of the component points before and after the comparison, it is determined as a non-shadow part. The determined non-shadow part is the back part of the paper, the component point determined to be the back part of the paper, and then the paper The number of constituent points between the constituent points determined to be the back of the paper is sequentially counted, and the number of constituent points between the constituent points first determined for the back of the paper and the constituent points finally determined for the back of the paper is counted Divide by the value obtained by subtracting one more to obtain the average value between the average component points, and the value divided by 25% to 50% of the divided value to eliminate the influence of individual differences in paper width If the value is larger than the added value or smaller than the subtracted value, the paper is not aligned correctly, or the folding shape is abnormal, the paper thickness after folding This is a high-precision abnormality detection method for folded paper, characterized in that it is detected as an abnormality.

  According to the high accuracy abnormality detection method for folded paper of the present invention, abnormality detection can be performed as an abnormality in the alignment state of paper, an abnormality in the shape of folding, or an abnormality in the thickness of the paper after folding. Therefore, finally, it is possible to prevent erroneous counting and perform stable and highly accurate counting.

  It is a top view which shows an example of the folded paper.   It is explanatory drawing which shows the means to count the number of sheets of the several folded paper 1. FIG.   This is a graph showing horizontal scanning line composing points on the X-axis and signal strength on the Y-axis, showing a state in which noise before moving average is included.   This is a graph showing horizontal scanning line composing points on the X-axis and signal strength on the Y-axis, and shows a state in which noise after moving average is removed.   It is a schematic graph up to three sheets of paper, and shows a state in which noise before moving average is included.   It is a schematic graph up to three sheets of paper, and shows a state in which noise after moving average is removed.   (A) is a plan view showing an example of a plurality of folded sheets 1, and (B) is from the start end to the end of one horizontal scanning line obtained by imaging the sheet (A). It is the graph which displayed the strength of the signal so as to correspond to the position of (A).   It is a graph when the irradiation distance becomes long and the intensity of the signal decreases from the center toward both ends.   In FIG. 8, it is the graph which showed the average value of each part divided into 8 by (circle).   FIG. 10 is a graph showing a reference bending line, a width between sheets, and a preset lower limit value in FIG. 9.   It is a graph when a sheet in which the alignment state is disturbed is included, and shows a state where the graph has a change.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an example of a sheet folded into a desired size. 1 is a folded sheet, 2 is a back part of the folded sheet 1, and the back part 2 is semicircular as shown in the figure. become.

  FIG. 2 shows a means for counting the number of folded sheets 1. The folded sheets 1 are aligned so that the back portions 2 are aligned on the same plane, and the pressing plates 3 are arranged from both sides. Then, the illumination device 4 irradiates light from an oblique direction in front of the back part 2 to generate a non-shadow part (bright part) 5 on the convex part of the back part and a shadow part 6 in the concave part between the back parts. The illuminating device 4 may be arranged on either the right side or the left side, but if it is arranged in both the right and left diagonal directions and irradiated from both diagonal directions, uniform illumination is possible. is there. Horizontal scanning of the shadow portion 6 and the TV camera signal is performed so that all the shadow portions 6 are imaged by the television camera 7 in which the back portion 2 and the holding plates 3 on both sides of the aligned sheets 1 are fixedly arranged in front of the same. Take an image so that it is perpendicular to the line. The position of the television camera 7 is preferably at the center of the plurality of sheets 1 so that left and right can be imaged uniformly. The obtained image is checked on the image monitor 8 to obtain a good image.

  Next, when the TV camera 7 is an analog color TV camera, an analog color image signal obtained from the color TV camera is converted by the color analog-to-digital conversion circuit 9 to the intensity of red, green, and blue colors. Converted into a multi-valued digital signal, sent to the computer 10, and the intensity of each color of the multi-valued digitized signal is converted into a multi-valued color signal corresponding to each constituent point constituting the horizontal scanning line. Convert. All three colors of the obtained digital signal can be used for counting, or the optimum color signal that appears most strongly according to the color of the paper can be selected and used as a representative signal. In particular, when the paper color is amber / blue, only the blue signal appears clearly, and the intensity of the red / green color becomes unclear, so it is better not to use it for counting to prevent erroneous counting. Often good. In the case of dark blue / blue paper colors, it is difficult to count using a monochrome camera. Therefore, it is desirable to use a color television camera for counting papers of these colors.

  When the TV camera 7 is a monochrome TV camera, the obtained image signal is changed from the color analog-digital conversion circuit 9 to a monochrome analog-digital circuit and sent to the monochrome analog-digital circuit, and the analog luminance signal is multi-valued. 2 is sent to the computer 10 in FIG. 2, and the brightness of the image signal is converted into a multi-valued signal for each constituent point constituting the horizontal scanning line. In the following description, the luminance is treated in the same way as one color.

  The converted red, green, and blue color intensity values are sequentially stored from one end to the other end in correspondence with each constituent point of the digital signal that is composed of the number of resolutions of the analog color TV camera. In addition, when counting the plurality of aligned sheets 1, the signal strength of each constituent point constituting the horizontal scanning line from one pressing plate 3 to the other pressing plate 3 through the plurality of sheets 1 is determined. Is detected for one horizontal scanning line in a direction orthogonal to the shadow portion 6, and the computer monitor 11 takes the horizontal scanning line composing point on the X axis and the signal strength on the Y axis as shown in FIG. And a graph connecting the points indicating the signal strength for each of the horizontal scanning line constituent points with a straight line. In this graph, the bright part 5 and the shadow part 6 form peaks and valleys and appear to swing, and the bright part 5 and the shadow part 6 can be known as the difference in signal strength.

  Using the appearance of this signal, the color intensity of one horizontal scanning line is analyzed from one holding plate 3 through the plurality of sheets 1 to the other holding plate 3. However, as shown in FIG. 3, it can be seen that there is actually a subtle noise in the middle of the peaks and valleys, and that there is a problem in accurate counting and calculation.

  As shown in the graph of FIG. 3, when the signal includes noise depending on the shape of the back, the characteristics of the paper, and the printing state, a moving average is performed using the following formula in order to remove the noise, and the signal is shown in FIG. It is desirable to remove noise as in the graph. FIG. 3 shows the state of the graph before the actual moving average, and FIG. 4 shows that the number of sheets is 24, the number of horizontal scanning line constituting points is 640, the average number is 12, and the actual moving average after moving average is obtained. A graph is shown.

An example in which noise is removed using a moving average method using mathematical expressions will be described below.
FIG. 5 is a schematic graph in which the strength of the obtained signal is displayed from the start edge of the horizontal scanning line to three sheets of paper. The horizontal scanning line is shown on the X axis, the signal strength is shown on the Y axis, and the horizontal The signal strengths S0, S1, S2, S3,... S48, S49, S50, and S51 from the scanning line start end are plotted on a graph and connected between the points, and S6, S25, S30, and S45. It can be seen that noise is included. These points stand out from the average tendency before and after.

  Therefore, in order to remove these noises, the signal strength Sx of each point from the horizontal scanning line start end to the end end is averaged, and the signal strength of each point and a plurality of points around it are averaged. By correcting to the average value, the protrusion from the average tendency before and after is removed. Therefore, the average value of the arbitrary point Sx is a value obtained by averaging the signal strengths of the point Sx and a plurality of points around it. Here, assuming that the number before and after (average number) used for averaging is n before and after, the total number (average number) used for averaging is n + n + 1.

Therefore, to explain with an example where n = 3, the average value of the point S3 is
Average value of S3 = (S0 + S1 + S2 + S3 + S4 + S5 + S6) ÷ (3 + 3 + 1).
Therefore, the average value of an arbitrary point Sx when n = 3 is calculated as follows.
Average value of Sx = (S (x−3) + S (x−2) + S (x−1) + Sx + S (x + 1) + S (x + 2) + S (x + 3)) ÷ (3 + 3 + 1)
Therefore, in general, the average value of an arbitrary point Sx when n = n is calculated as follows.
Average value of Sx = (S (x−n) +... + S (x−1) +... Sx +... + S (x + 1) +... + S (x + n)) ÷ (n + n + 1)

However, as in the case of S0, when there is no data on the front side of the point, or when n = 5 and the required number of data does not exist on the front side, as in the case of S4, the horizontal scanning line ends similarly. If necessary data does not exist on the back side near the edge, averaging is performed only with the existing data.
That is, when n = 5 and S4, the calculation is performed according to the following formula.
Average value of S4 = (S0 + S1 + S2 + S3 + S4 + S5 + S6 + S7 + S8 + S9) ÷ (4 + 5 + 1)
It should be noted that an appropriate value of n is preferably selected depending on the state of the sheet to be counted, but is preferably about 40% to 60% of the value obtained by dividing the number of points constituting the horizontal scanning line by the scheduled number of sheets. In the present invention, 3-15.

  FIG. 6 is an ideal graph when the noise is removed by moving average using the above calculation formula. By removing the noise and sharpening the graph, the peak portion of the mountain described later can be easily identified. The number of constituent points between vertices can be calculated accurately.

  In FIG. 7B, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-238324, the horizontal axis is a horizontal scanning line composing point, and the vertical axis is a horizontal scanning line for one horizontal scanning line. The positions of the respective points from S0 to S119 indicate the signal strengths corresponding to the start end X0 to the end end X119 of the constituent points of the horizontal scanning line. . The condition for the arbitrary point Sn to be the peak of the mountain is higher than the reference line XY, and the point Sn is compared with each of the set number of comparison points before and after the point Sn. It is necessary to be high.

If the number of the comparison points (comparison number) is four before and after, the conditional expression for the point Sn to be the peak of the mountain is as follows.
Sn> Sn-1, Sn> Sn-2, Sn> Sn-3, Sn> Sn-4,
Sn ≧ S + 1, Sn ≧ Sn + 2, Sn ≧ Sn + 3, Sn ≧ Sn + 4
Strictly speaking, for the processing when there is the same value, the front part is calculated with an inequality sign, and the rear part is calculated with an inequality sign and an equal sign. If all of the above conditional expressions are satisfied, the point Sn is determined to be the peak of the mountain, and if not satisfied, it is not determined to be the peak of the mountain.

  Therefore, the values of all the constituent points from the start end to the end end of the horizontal scanning line are sequentially substituted into Sn, and it is determined by calculating whether the peak is a peak. Note that there may be a case where there is no component point to be compared at the end portion. In this case, it is excluded from the determination, and in this example, S5, S6,... Sequentially from S4 in FIG. Substitute up to S119 into Sn and compare to determine whether it is a peak of a mountain.

  For example, S1 to S15 are lower than the reference line and excluded, and in the case of S17 above the reference line, S17 and S16, S17 and S15, S17 and S14, S17 and S13, S17 and S18, S17 and S19, S17 And S20, and S17 and S21 are not higher than all the points S17 compares, S17 is not determined to be the peak of the mountain. On the other hand, in the case of S21 above the reference line, it is higher than all of S17, S18, S19, S20 and S22, S23, S24, and S25 to be compared, so S21 is the peak of the mountain. Determined.

  It is desirable to set the optimum number for determining the peak of the above-mentioned peak according to the paper quality, folding form, and printing state, but the ratio obtained by dividing the number of horizontal scanning lines by the scheduled number of sheets is The number is set within a setting range of 25% to 75%. In the example of FIG. 7B, since the number of constituent points of the horizontal scanning line is 200 and the planned number of counts is 12, the minimum comparison number within the setting range is 200 ÷ 12 × 25 (%) ÷. 100 is 4 pieces.

  The determination of the peak of the peak when the number of comparisons is four is as described above. Regardless of the reference line, when Sn is S0, or when Sn is S1 to S3, before the Sn Since there are no four comparison signals, in this case, the signal is not subject to determination. When the reference line is 0, the actual determination is from S4 to the 195th signal five times before the end of the horizontal scanning line.

Based on the above formula, the number of comparisons before and after is 4, and the signal strength of each component point in FIG. 7B is from S4 to the 195th point in the direction of the end edge (up to S119 in this example). If it determines, S21, S36, S50, S66, S87, and S104 will be determined as a peak of a mountain.
The determination method is expressed by an arithmetic expression as follows: Sn> Sn-1, Sn> Sn-2, Sn> Sn-3, Sn> Sn-4,
Sn ≧ S + 1, Sn ≧ Sn + 2, Sn ≧ Sn + 3, Sn ≧ Sn + 4,
Sn> reference line, that is, in this example, the number of sheets is accurately counted as 6.

However, by adopting 3 which is smaller than the minimum value of the setting range as the number of comparisons, based on the following calculation formula, the constituent point in FIG. 7B is determined from the start end of the horizontal scanning line (S3 in FIG. 7B). When calculation is performed in the end direction (up to S119 in FIG. 7B in this example), S21, S36, S50, S66, S71, S82, S87, S97, and S104 are determined as the peak of the mountain, and the peak of the mountain Nine, and an erroneous count of 9 occurs within the calculation range.
Sn> Sn-1, Sn> Sn-2, Sn> Sn-3,
Sn ≧ S + 1, Sn ≧ Sn + 2, Sn ≧ Sn + 3,
Sn> reference line

In the example of FIG. 7B, since the number of constituent points of the horizontal scanning line is 200 and the planned number of counts is 12, the maximum comparison number within the setting range is 200 ÷ 12 × 75 ÷ 100. There will be twelve. Therefore, assuming that the number of comparisons before and after is 12, the component point in FIG. 7B is moved from the start end of the horizontal scanning line (S12 in FIG. 7B) to the end end direction (in this example, based on the following calculation formula). When calculation is performed up to S119 in FIG. 7B, S21, S36, S50, S66, S87, and S104 are determined as the peaks, and the number of sheets is accurately counted as six within the calculation range.
Sn> Sn-1, Sn> Sn-2, Sn> Sn-3... Sn> Sn-12,
Sn ≧ S + 1, Sn ≧ Sn + 2, Sn ≧ Sn + 3... Sn ≧ Sn + 12,
Sn> reference line

However, assuming that the number of comparisons before and after is 13 which is larger than the maximum ratio, the component point in FIG. 7B is set to the start end of the horizontal scanning line (from S12 in FIG. 7B) based on the following calculation formula. When the calculation is performed (up to S119 in FIG. 7B in this example), S21, S36, S50, S66, and S87 of sheets A, B, C, D, and E are determined as the peaks, and sheet F is It is not determined as the peak of the mountain, but there are five, and an erroneous count of five occurs within the calculation range.
Sn> Sn-1, Sn> Sn-2, Sn> Sn-3... Sn> Sn-13,
Sn ≧ S + 1, Sn ≧ Sn + 2, Sn ≧ Sn + 3... Sn ≧ Sn + 13,
Sn> reference line

In the example of FIG. 7B, since the number of constituent points of the horizontal scanning line is 200 and the planned number of counts is 12, the number of comparisons using the average value in the set range (25 to 75%) is 200. ÷ 12 × 50 ÷ 100, which is 8 pieces. Based on the following calculation formula, the number of comparisons in the front and rear is 8, and the component point in FIG. 7B is set to the start end of the horizontal scanning line (from S8 in FIG. 7B) toward the end (in this example, FIG. 7). When calculation is performed in (B) (up to S119), S21, S36, S50, S66, S87, and S104 are detected as the peak of the mountain, and the number of sheets is accurately counted as six within the calculation range.
Sn> Sn-1, Sn> Sn-2, Sn> Sn-3... Sn> Sn-8,
Sn ≧ S + 1, Sn ≧ Sn + 2, Sn ≧ Sn + 3... Sn ≧ Sn + 8,
Sn> reference line In the case of this example, the number of comparisons can be properly determined in the range of 4 to 12, but the number of comparisons is desirably 8 for the most stable counting.

  When the number of constituent points of the horizontal scanning line is 200 and the planned number of counted sheets is 20, the optimal comparison number within the standard setting range is 200 ÷ 20 × 50 ÷ 100, which is five. In this case, the comparison number can be accurately counted in the range of 3 to 8.

  FIG. 8 is an ideal graph with no noise as shown in FIG. 5, but the color intensity is decreased from the central part toward both ends in the overall shape. This is a case where there is an influence such as distance, and in the case of this example, the present inventor's conventional method is a problem because the counting is performed with reference to the line segment CD in FIG.

  In the present invention, the horizontal scanning line is divided into any of 8 to 20, and the value of the preset lower limit line AB is adopted as the lower limit value, and in each divided range for each of red, green, and blue, The average value of the color strength of the constituent points within the range is obtained. Next, this is used as the value of the central component point of the divided range, and the values at both ends are adopted as the values of the preset lower limit line AB, and the values of the central constituent point positions of the divided range in turn from one end to the next. The reference bending line is formed by connecting to the other end, and the value on the line is adopted as the reference value corresponding to each constituent point. In other words, the lower limit line AB, in which the average value of the color intensity of the divided parts is set in advance, is used as the lower limit value and is calculated as the lower limit value, and a bent line connecting the centers of the divided parts is formed. The values on the bent line are adopted as reference values corresponding to the constituent points. Here, the bent line may be a line connected by a curve.

In the example of FIG. 9, there are 8 divisions, and the average value of the divided portions is shown at the center of each divided portion.
Assuming that the number of component points is 640, the number of component points per division is 80, and the average of the first component points is the lower limit value of the first component point that is lower than the lower limit line AB of S0 to S79. The total after the change is divided by 80. From the right in the figure, the average value from S80 to S159, the average value from S160 to S239, and so on are calculated, and the end portion is calculated in the same manner as the first portion. To do.

  The number of divisions is usually eight. However, if the paper to be counted is wide, such as 10 cm or more, the distance from the light source and the illumination irradiation will not be uniformly distributed over the entire area. When the number of divisions is 20 at maximum, an appropriate reference bending line can be created.

  FIG. 10 shows a bent line A-ab-c-d-e-f-g-B that employs lower limit values at both ends and connects the average values of the respective divided ranges. Yes.

  In the present invention, from one end to the other end, the color intensity measurement signal for one horizontal scanning line is sequentially compared for each constituent point with the reference value corresponding to the constituent point value. The composition point whose color is stronger than the reference value is determined, and the color strength of the determined composition point is calculated from 25% of the value obtained by dividing the number of composition points for one horizontal scanning line before and after by the scheduled number of sheets. Compared with the number of component points with a value of 75%, if the color strength of the determined component points is all stronger than the color strength of the component points before and after the comparison, it is determined as a non-shadow part and determined The non-shadow portion is set as the back portion of the sheet, and the number of sheets is counted by accumulating the number of the back portions. In the case of FIG. 10, since the sheet is normal, proper counting is possible.

  On the other hand, in FIG. 11, the alignment of the sheets to be counted is disordered, or there is a sheet that is not uniform, and this part is lower than the part de of the reference bending line in the S part. In this case, one sheet is not counted and one sheet is less than the normal value. In the case of this example, the sheet is counted even in a turbulent state, and in the case of simply performing the counting, the counting is performed in any case. However, when performing accurate counting with high accuracy, it is important to detect misaligned paper, non-uniform paper, etc., and this can only prevent erroneous counting. is there.

  In the conventional method of the present inventor, when the paper at the edge and the paper at the center are out of alignment, and there is a paper that is not uniform, the paper is detected because the edge is close to the reference line CD. Cheap. In the central portion, there is a defect that the sheet is detected because it is far from the reference line CD compared with the end portion. However, in the present invention, the number of constituent points between the sheets is determined by the average number of constituent points between the sheets. Compared to the number of points, it is possible to detect irregular paper alignment, non-uniform paper, etc., and the reference line used for counting is not a horizontal line but a bent line that matches the shape of the horizontal scanning line, Counting can be performed accurately regardless of the position of the sheet, and the number of constituent points between sheets can be easily compared.

  In the present invention, the number of constituent points between the constituent points determined to be the back portion of the paper and the constituent points determined to be the back portion of the paper are sequentially calculated, and the calculated number of constituent points between the respective constituent points is calculated. The average value between the average component points is divided by the value obtained by subtracting 1 from the number of component points between the component point first determined for the paper back and the component point finally determined for the paper back. And the value divided by 25% to 50% of the divided value is added to and subtracted to eliminate the influence of individual differences in the paper width. When the value is smaller than the subtracted value, an abnormality is detected as an abnormality in the alignment state of the sheets, an abnormality in the shape of the folding process, or an abnormality in the thickness of the sheet after the folding process. As will be described later, each back position specified on an ideal uniform sheet is compared with the position of each back of a plurality of sheets to be inspected sequentially, and 15% to 50% or more of the average number between constituent points. It is also possible to detect an abnormal state when the positions are different. It should be noted that an average calculated value for a plurality of sheets may be used as the average number of constituent points between sheets.

Details of comparison of the number of constituent points between sheets are shown below.
G is the number of constituent points between the constituent point first determined as one sheet and the constituent point determined last as one sheet, and is divided by a value obtained by subtracting 1 from the counted number. The average number of points of the component points is calculated, and this is set as H. When the number of sheets is 30, H is G ÷ 29, which means the interval width (number of components) per sheet. Next, since there is an individual difference in the sheet, in order to give an allowable value in consideration of this, a value obtained by multiplying the calculated average value H by a value from 25% to 50% is set as I. An allowable width is an interval width of 0.25 to 0.5 per sheet. Here, the allowable width may be thicker or thinner, so in the case of thicker, I is added to H to become J, to be a thicker allowable width, and in the case of thinner, I is set to H. Subtract K to obtain a thinner allowable width. Compare the actual measured point width x between each sheet with J and K, and if the actual score obtained is greater than J and less than K, the abnormal back spacing The abnormal state of the sheet width can be detected and displayed as the number of constituent points.

  When an abnormal composing point is detected, the back position specified by the ideal paper is set as L, the back of the plurality of papers examined next is set as M, and the difference between the positions of the L and M composing points is detected. Is defined as an interval width N, an allowable width of an interval width obtained by multiplying G by 15% to 50% is O, and when N is large when N is compared with O, an abnormal component point position can be obtained. is there. The above N can be inspected and calculated for each position.

  During both of the above inspections, if the number of component points between the sheets is abnormal or the position of the component points is abnormal, abnormal sheet alignment, mixed forms of paper, and folding process It is possible to detect a mixture of sheets with sheets sandwiched between them, and a mixture of sheets with two sheets folded at the same time, and display them on the screen of a computer or the like to clearly indicate the occurrence and position of the abnormality to the scanning staff. .

  As described above, it is possible to count under the same conditions regardless of the position of the paper by setting the reference used for counting to a bent line that matches the shape of the scanning line. Thus, it is possible to detect a misalignment of paper sheets, a non-uniform paper sheet, and the like, and finally enable stable and accurate counting.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Folded paper 2 Back part 3 Holding plate 4 Illumination device 5 Bright part 6 Shadow part 7 Television camera 8 Image monitor 9 Analog-digital conversion circuit 10 Computer 11 Computer monitor

Claims (2)

  Arrange the folded sheets so that the back is aligned on the same plane, press the aligned sheets from both sides with pressing plates, and irradiate light from the front of the back diagonally to the recess between the back and shadow. A non-shadow portion is formed in the analog color TV camera from the front with the holding plates on both sides and the backs of the aligned plural sheets, and the shadow portion of the recess is the analog color television. The color image signal obtained from the camera is imaged so as to be perpendicular to the horizontal scanning line of the color image signal, and the analog signal of the horizontal scanning line of the back imaging unit of the obtained analog color image signal of the red, green, and blue colors of the analog signal The intensity is converted into a multivalued value for each minimum resolution unit of the analog color TV camera from one end to the other end by a color analog-digital conversion circuit, and the converted red, green, and blue colors The strength value of From one end to the other end, the digital color signal is composed of the number of resolutions of the analog color TV camera, and the stored color intensity values are sequentially stored in correspondence with the respective constituent points of the digital signal. The moving average is smoothed with the value of, and the constituent points of one horizontal scanning line of red, green, and blue are uniformly divided into 8 to 20, and the preset lower limit value is set to the lower limit. Adopted as the value, the average value of the color strength of the component points of each divided range for each of red, green, and blue is obtained, and this is used as the value of the central component point of the divided range, and at both ends. Adopting the value of the lower limit line set in advance as the lower limit value, connecting the values of the constituent point positions in the center of the divided range in order from one end, and connecting to the other end to create a reference bending line, The value on the line is adopted as the reference value corresponding to each component point. From the end to the other end, the measurement signal of the color intensity of the constituent point for one horizontal scanning line is sequentially compared with the corresponding reference value for each constituent point, and the constituent point whose color is stronger than the reference value is determined. Determine the color strength of the determined component points, and the number of component points between 25% and 75% of the value obtained by dividing the number of component points for one horizontal scanning line before and after by the number of scheduled counts; In comparison, if the color strength of the determined component points is all stronger than the color strength of the component points before and after the comparison, it is determined as a non-shadow portion, and the determined non-shadow portion is set as the back portion of the paper. The number of constituent points between the constituent point determined to be the back of the paper and the constituent point determined to be the back of the paper is sequentially determined, the constituent point determined first of the paper and the back of the paper finally determined The number of component points between component points is divided by the value obtained by subtracting 1 from the number of sheets to be counted to obtain an average value between the average component points. Compared with the value obtained by adding and subtracting 25% to 50% of the divided value to the value divided to eliminate the influence due to individual differences in width, the value obtained by subtracting or adding the value A method for detecting an abnormality of a folded sheet with high accuracy, wherein an abnormality is detected when the size is larger.   Arrange the folded sheets so that the back is aligned on the same plane, press the aligned sheets from both sides with pressing plates, and irradiate light from the front of the back diagonally to the recess between the back and shadow. A non-shadow portion is generated in the analog monochromatic television camera from the front with the holding plates on both sides and the backs of the aligned plural sheets, and the shadow portion of the concave portion is the analog monochromatic television. The luminance signal obtained from the camera is imaged so as to be perpendicular to the horizontal scanning line of the luminance signal, and the luminance intensity of the analog signal for one horizontal scanning line of the back imaging unit of the obtained analog luminance signal is determined from one end to the other. By the monochrome analog-digital conversion circuit to the end, it is converted into a multivalued value for each minimum resolution unit of the analog monochrome TV camera, and the converted luminance intensity value is converted from one end to the other end, Previous Are sequentially stored in correspondence with the constituent points of the digital signal composed of the number of resolutions of the analog monochrome television camera, and the stored intensity values are subjected to moving average processing with the previous and subsequent values of 3 to 15 The constituent points of one horizontal scanning line for smoothing are uniformly divided into 8 to 20, and the preset lower limit line value is adopted as the lower limit value, and the constituent points of each divided range The average value of the intensity of the luminance is obtained and adopted as the value of the central point position of the divided range, and the values of the central point positions of the divided range are sequentially connected from one end to the other end. A reference bend line constructed by connecting to the end is created, and the obtained point on the bend line is adopted as a reference value corresponding to each constituent point, and the configuration for one horizontal scanning line from one end to the other end The measurement signal of the intensity of point brightness For each constituent point, a constituent point having a higher luminance than the reference value is determined by comparison with the corresponding reference value, and the luminance intensity of the determined constituent point is determined for the constituent points of one horizontal scanning line before and after. The luminance intensity of the determined component point is greater than the luminance intensity of the component points before and after the comparison, compared to the component point having a value of 25% to 75% of the value obtained by dividing the number by the planned counting number. When all are strong, it is determined as a non-shadow portion, the determined non-shadow portion is set as the back portion of the paper, and the component point between the component point determined as the paper back portion and the component point determined as the paper back portion is next. An average configuration is obtained by sequentially dividing the number by dividing the number of constituent points between the constituent point determined first by the paper back and the constituent point finally determined by the paper back by a value obtained by subtracting 1 from the scheduled counting number. The average value between the points is obtained, and the value divided by 25 to 50% of the divided value is divided to eliminate the influence of individual differences in the paper width. Compared with the value obtained by adding and subtracting the value of%, if the value is larger than the added value or smaller than the subtracted value, the paper is not aligned correctly, or the folding shape is abnormal, or the paper after folding A method for detecting a high-precision abnormality in folded paper, wherein the abnormality is detected as an abnormality in the thickness of the paper.

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