JP5199898B2 - Surveying instrument - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a surveying instrument that can easily perform remote elevation measurement (REM) that measures the height of a building, electric wire, or the like where a target such as a prism cannot be installed.

  Conventional remote height measurement will be described with reference to FIG. 1 by taking, as an example, height measurement of an electric wire 12 using a total station (electronic rangefinder). In this case, first, the pole 13 to which the prism 16 is fixed is brought upright on the ground 18 directly below the measurement point 14 of the electric wire 12 and the total station 10 is installed and leveled at a position where the prism 16 can be collimated. Leveling means that the vertical axis of the surveying instrument is accurately vertical. Next, the operator measures the height h from the point 20 directly below the prism 16 (the lower end of the pole 13) to the prism 16, that is, the collimation height h, with a tape measure or the like, and inputs it to the total station 10.

Next, the total station 10 collimates the prism 16 and measures the oblique distance L to the prism 16 and the zenith angle Z ₁ (or altitude angle θ ₁ , θ ₁ = 90 ° −Z ₁ ) of the prism 16. Then, the total station 10 calculates the horizontal distance S to the prism 16 and the prism height h ₁ from the horizontal plane H including the mechanical point 10a of the total station 10 by a CPU (not shown) incorporated therein as follows.

S = L · cos θ ₁ = L · cos (90 ° −Z ₁ ) = L · sinZ ₁ (1)

h ₁ = L · sin θ ₁ = L · sin (90 ° −Z ₁ ) = L · cos Z ₁ (2)

Next, the measurement point 14 of the electric wire 12 is collimated by the total station 10 and the zenith angle Z ₂ (or altitude angle θ ₂ , θ ₂ = 90 ° −Z ₂ ) of the measurement point 14 of the electric wire 12 is measured. Then, the total station 10, according to the internal unillustrated CPU, and calculates a height _{h 2} from the horizontal plane H to the measuring point 14 by the following equation (3) including a mechanical point 10a of the total station 10.

h ₂ = S · tan θ ₂ = S · tan (90 ° −Z ₂ ) = S · cotZ ₂ = L · sinZ ₁ · cotZ ₂ = L · cosθ ₁ · tan θ ₂ (3)

  Then, the total station 10 calculates the height ht from the point 20 directly below the prism 16 to the measurement location 14 by the following equation (4), and displays this height ht (see Patent Document 1 below).

ht = h−h ₁ + h ₂ = h−L · cosZ ₁ + S · cotZ ₂ = h−L · sin θ ₁ + L · cos θ ₁ · tan θ ₂ (4)

Japan Surveying Instruments Manufacturers Association, latest surveying instrument manual, Sankaido, July 29, 2003, p. 133

  However, the method described in Patent Document 1 requires labor for measuring the collimation height h with a tape measure and inputting it to the surveying instrument, which is troublesome for the operator and reduces work efficiency. There was a problem.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a surveying instrument in which it is not necessary for an operator to measure the collimation height with a tape measure or the like and input it to the surveying instrument during remote measurement. To do.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the surveying instrument of the invention according to claim 1 includes a prism measuring means for measuring an oblique distance to a prism installed directly under a measurement location and a zenith angle or an altitude angle of the prism, and the prism. A measuring point measuring means for measuring the zenith angle or altitude angle of the measuring point, a measuring point measuring means for measuring the zenith angle or altitude angle of the measuring point, the oblique distance and the zenith angle or altitude angle of the prism And a height calculation means for calculating the height of the measurement point from the zenith angle or altitude angle directly below the prism and the zenith angle or altitude angle of the measurement point.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a surveying instrument comprising: a prism measuring means for measuring an oblique distance to a prism and a zenith angle or an altitude angle of the prism installed immediately below a measurement location; and a red and white of a pole to which the prism is fixed. Red and white boundary angle measuring means for measuring the zenith angle or altitude angle of the red and white boundary collimated by collimating the boundary, and a red and white boundary number input means for inputting the number of red and white boundaries below the collimated red and white boundary; Measuring point angle measuring means for measuring the zenith angle or altitude angle of the measurement point, the oblique distance to the prism and the zenith angle or altitude angle of the prism and the zenith angle or altitude angle of the collimated red and white boundary and the collimation And a height calculation means for calculating the height of the measurement point from the number of red and white boundaries below the red and white boundary and the zenith angle or altitude angle of the measurement point.

  According to the surveying instrument of the first aspect of the present invention, instead of the operator measuring the collimation height with a tape measure or the like and inputting it to the surveying instrument during remote surveying, the zenith angle or altitude angle directly below the prism Since it is only necessary to measure the distance, the work efficiency of telemetry can be greatly improved.

  According to the surveying instrument of the invention according to claim 2, instead of the operator measuring the collimation height with a tape measure or the like and inputting it to the surveying instrument at the time of remote surveying, an appropriate red and white boundary of the pole having the prism fixed thereto , Measure the zenith angle or altitude angle of the collimated red-and-white boundary, and enter the number of red-and-white boundaries below the collimated red-and-white boundary. Can be improved. Moreover, even if it is not possible to collimate the point directly below the prism due to an obstacle or the like, if an appropriate red-and-white boundary can be collimated, remote measurement is possible, so that work efficiency can be further improved.

It is a figure explaining the method of remotely measuring with the surveying instrument of the 1st Example of this invention, or the conventional surveying instrument. It is a flowchart explaining the procedure of the remote measurement performed with the surveying instrument of the said 1st Example. It is a figure explaining the method of remotely measuring with the surveying instrument of the 2nd Example of this invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing details of a portion below a collimated red and white boundary in the pole of FIG. 3. It is a flowchart explaining the procedure of the remote measurement performed with the surveying instrument of the said 2nd Example.

  Hereinafter, a first embodiment of a surveying instrument of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a method for remotely measuring the height with the surveying instrument of the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining the procedure of remote height measurement performed by the surveying instrument of the present embodiment.

The surveying instrument of this embodiment is a total station (hereinafter simply referred to as a surveying instrument) 10 having a built-in remote surveying program for performing remote surveying according to the procedure shown in FIG. In the remote height measurement by the surveying instrument 10, the height h ₂ from the horizontal plane H including the mechanical point 10 a of the surveying instrument 10 to the measurement location 14 is obtained and the point 20 directly below the prism 16 is measured by the surveying instrument 10. Collimate and obtain the height h ₃ from the point 20 directly below the prism 16 on the horizontal plane H including the mechanical point 10 a of the surveying instrument 10, and then determine the height ht from the point 20 directly below the prism 16 to the measurement location 14 ht = H ₂ + h ₃

  In the remote height measurement by the surveying instrument 10, the surveying instrument 10 is first placed at an appropriate position and leveled as before, and the position of the prism 16 is positioned in the conventional manner to directly below the measurement point 14. The prism 16 is installed on the side. In order to make the pole 13 equipped with the prism 16 vertical, a detachable circular bubble tube 15 is attached to the pole 13.

When the remote height measurement program is started, the process first proceeds to step S1, and an instruction is given to collimate the prism 16 on the display unit (not shown) of the surveying instrument 10. Therefore, when the worker collimates the prism 16 with the surveying instrument 10, the oblique distance L to the prism 16 and the zenith angle Z ₁ (or altitude angle θ ₁ ) of the prism 16 are measured. This step S1 corresponds to the prism measuring means of the invention according to claim 1.

Next, proceeding to step S2, the CPU (not shown) built in the surveying instrument ₁₀ calculates the horizontal distance S = L · cos θ ₁ = L · sinZ ₁ to the prism 16 by the equation (1) as in the prior art. .

Next, proceeding to step S3, an instruction is given to collimate the point 20 directly below the prism 16 on the display unit of the surveying instrument 10. Therefore, when the operator collimates the point 20 directly below the prism 16 with the surveying instrument 10, the zenith angle Z ₃ (or altitude angle θ ₃ ) of the point 20 directly below the prism 16 is measured. This step S3 corresponds to the directly below point angle measuring means of the invention according to claim 1.

Then calculated, the routine proceeds to step S4, CPU incorporated in the surveying instrument 10, the height _{h 3} from beneath the point 20 of the prism 16 of a horizontal plane H including machine point 10a of the surveying machine 10 by the following equation (5) To do.

h ₃ = −S · tan θ ₃ = −S · cot Z ₃ = −L · cos θ ₁ · tan θ ₃ = −L · sin Z ₁ · cot Z ₃ (5)

_Here, given the negative sign as _{h 3 = -S · tanθ 3 =} -S · cotZ 3 is a _{θ 3 <0, Z 3>} 90 °, and _{tanθ 3 = <0, cotZ 3} <0 Because it becomes.

Next, it progresses to step S5 and an instruction | indication comes out to collimate the measurement location 14 on the display part of the surveying instrument 10. FIG. Therefore, when an operator collimates the measurement location 14 with the surveying instrument 10, the zenith angle Z ₂ (or altitude angle θ ₂ ) of the measurement location 14 is measured. This step S5 corresponds to the measurement point angle measuring means of the invention according to claim 1. Calculated therefrom, the process proceeds to step S6, CPU incorporated in the surveying instrument 10, the height h ₂ from the horizontal plane H to the measurement point 14 that includes a mechanical point 10a of the surveying machine 10 as in the conventional through (3) To do.

  Next, proceeding to step S7, the height ht from the point 20 directly below the prism 16 to the measurement location 14 is calculated by the following equation (6), and the height ht is displayed on the display unit of the surveying instrument 10.

ht = h ₃ + h ₂ = −L · cos θ ₁ · tan θ ₃ + L · cos θ ₁ · tan θ ₂ = −L · sinZ ₁ · cotZ ₃ + L · sinZ ₁ · cotZ ₂ = L · cosθ ₁ (tanθ ₂ −tanθ ₃ ) = L · sinZ ₁ (cotZ ₂ -cotZ ₃ ) (6)

  This step S7 and the above-mentioned steps S2, S4 and S6 correspond to the height calculating means of the invention according to claim 1. Hereinafter, the height ht of the measurement point 14 is displayed on the display unit until another measurement is instructed.

By the way, in the present embodiment, steps S2, S4 and S6 are omitted in the flowchart shown in FIG. 2, and the oblique distance L and the zenith angles Z ₁ , Z ₃ and Z ₂ are omitted in steps S1, S3 and S5, respectively. It may be changed so that ht is calculated by using equation (6) in step S7. Note that the height of the surveying instrument 10 is not related to obtaining the height of the electric wire 12. Further, the height ht of the measurement point 14 can be obtained even if the installation point heights directly below the point 20 of the prism 16.

According to the present embodiment, at the time of remote measurement, instead of the operator measuring the collimation height h with a tape measure and inputting it to the surveying instrument 10, the zenith angle Z ₃ (or the point 20 below the prism 16) (or Since it is only necessary to measure the altitude angle θ ₃ ), the work efficiency of telemetry can be greatly improved.

  Next, a second embodiment of the surveying instrument of the present invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 3, the surveying instrument 10 has a height of the measurement point 14 such as the electric wire 12 even if the obstacle 22 cannot see the point 20 directly below the prism 16 (the lower end of the pole 13) from the surveying instrument 10. It is possible to measure the thickness.

As shown in FIG. 4, the poles 13 are colored red and white at intervals of 20 cm. Since lower stone height of thrust of the pole 13 is 7 cm, height _{a t} from beneath the point 20 to the red and white border 13c of the bottom of the prism 16 is stored 27cm, and the surveying machine 10. Therefore, if collimate the appropriate red and white border 13c from the surveying instrument 10, the height h ₄ to red and white border 17 that is collimated from beneath the point 20 of the prism 16, the lower red and white boundaries than red and white boundary 17 was collimated the number n of 13c (red and white boundary 17 was collimated is excluded.) and _when, and _{h 4 = a t + 20n (} cm). The h ₄ is also possible to workers seeking in mental arithmetic, to reduce as much as possible the burden on workers and to simply enter the number n of the lower red and white border 13c than red and white border 17 and collimated.

For remote height measurement, as shown in FIG. 3, the height h ₂ from the horizontal plane H including the machine point 10a of the surveying instrument 10 to the measurement point 14 is obtained as in the conventional case, and an appropriate collimation is possible. By collimating the red-and-white boundary 17 and obtaining the height h ₃ ′ from the collimated red-and-white boundary 17 to the horizontal plane H including the mechanical point 10 a of the surveying instrument 10, the measurement point 14 is measured from the point 20 directly below the prism 16. it can be calculated up to the height ht from _{ht = h 2 + h 3 '} + a t + 20n = h 2 + h 3' + 27 + 20n (cm).

  Based on FIG. 5, the procedure by the remote height measurement program built in the surveying instrument 10 is demonstrated. When the remote height measurement program is started, first, the process proceeds to step S10, and it is asked whether or not the point 20 directly below the prism 16 can be collimated on the display unit (not shown) of the surveying instrument 10. When collimation is possible, if the worker replies that collimation is possible from the keyboard (not shown) of the surveying instrument 10, the process proceeds to step S1. The subsequent steps are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  When the point 20 directly below the prism 16 cannot be collimated, if the worker replies that collimation is not possible, the process proceeds to step S11, and then proceeds to step S12. Steps S11 and S12 are the same as steps S1 and S2 of the first embodiment. This step S11 corresponds to the prism measuring means of the invention according to claim 2.

Next, in step S13, an instruction to collimate the red / white boundary 13c of the pole 13 is given on the display unit of the surveying instrument 10. Therefore, the worker collimates an appropriate red / white boundary 17 that can be collimated. Thus, the zenith angle Z ₃ ′ (or altitude angle θ ₃ ′) of the collimated red and white boundary 17 is measured. This step S13 corresponds to the red and white boundary angle measuring means of the invention according to claim 2.

Next, proceeding to step S14, the CPU built in the surveying instrument 10 sets the height h ₃ ′ from the collimated red and white boundary 17 of the horizontal plane H including the machine point 10a of the surveying instrument 10 to the following formula (7). Calculated by

h ₃ ′ = −S · tan θ ₃ ′ = −S · cot Z ₃ ′ = −L · cos θ ₁ · tan θ ₃ ′ = −L · sinZ ₁ · cotZ ₃ ′ (7)

  Next, the process proceeds to step S15, and an instruction is issued to input the number n of red and white boundaries 13c existing below the collimated red and white boundary 17 on the display unit of the surveying instrument 10. Therefore, the number n of red and white boundaries 13c existing below the red and white boundary 17 collimated by the worker is counted and input from the keyboard. This step S15 corresponds to the red / white boundary high input means of the invention according to claim 2.

Next, the process proceeds to step S <b> 16, and an instruction is given to collimate the measurement location 14 on the display unit of the surveying instrument 10. Therefore, when an operator collimates the measurement location 14 with the surveying instrument 10, the zenith angle Z ₂ (or altitude angle θ ₂ ) of the measurement location 14 is measured. This step S16 corresponds to the measurement point angle measuring means of the invention according to claim 2.

Then, the process proceeds to step S17, incorporated in the surveying instrument 10 a CPU, the height _{h 2} from the horizontal plane H to the measurement point 14 that includes a mechanical point 10a of the surveying machine 10 by conventional as well as (3) calculate. Then, the process proceeds to step S18, where the height ht from the point 20 directly below the prism 16 to the measurement location 14 is calculated by the following equation (8), and the height ht is displayed on the display unit of the surveying instrument 10.

_{ht = h 3 '+ h 2} + a t + h 4 = -L · cosθ 1 · tanθ 3' + L · cosθ 1 · tanθ 2 + a t + h 4 = -L · sinZ 1 · cotZ 3 '+ L · sinZ 1 · cotZ 2 + a _{t + h 4 = L · cosθ} 1 (tanθ 2 -tanθ 3 ') + a t + h 4 = L · sinZ 1 (cotZ 2 -cotZ 3') + a t + h 4 (8)

  Step S18 and steps S12 and S17 described above correspond to the height calculation means of the invention according to claim 2.

Also in this embodiment, instead of measuring the collimation height h with a tape measure and inputting it to the surveying instrument 10 at the time of remote measurement, an appropriate red and white boundary 17 of the pole 13 to which the prism 16 is fixed is used. , Measure the zenith angle Z ₃ ′ (or altitude angle θ ₃ ′) of the collimated red-and-white boundary 17, and input the number n of red-and-white boundaries 13 c below the collimated red-and-white boundary 17. Therefore, it is possible to greatly improve the work efficiency of telemetry. Moreover, even when the point 20 directly below the prism 16 is not visible from the surveying instrument 10 due to the obstacle 22 or the like, the height ht of the measurement location 14 can be measured, which is convenient.

10 Surveying instrument 13 Pole 13c, 17 Red / white boundary 14 Measurement location 16 Prism 20 Point directly below prism L Inclination distance θ ₁ , θ ₂ , θ ₃ , θ ₃ 'Altitude angle Z ₁ , Z ₂ , Z ₃ , Z ₃ ' Zenith Corner

Claims (2)

  Prism measuring means for measuring the oblique distance to the prism placed directly under the measurement location and the zenith angle or altitude angle of the prism; and the nadir point angle measuring means for measuring the zenith angle or altitude angle immediately below the prism; Measuring point measuring means for measuring the zenith angle or altitude angle of the measuring point, the oblique distance, the zenith angle or altitude angle of the prism, the zenith angle or altitude angle of the point directly below the prism, and the zenith angle of the measuring point or A surveying instrument provided with a height calculating means for calculating the height of a measurement location from an altitude angle.   Prism measuring means for measuring the oblique distance to the prism installed directly under the measurement location and the zenith angle or altitude angle of the prism, and the red and white boundary collimated by collimating the red and white boundary of the pole to which the prism is fixed A red / white boundary angle measuring means for measuring the zenith angle or altitude angle, a red / white boundary number input means for inputting the number of red / white boundaries below the collimated red / white boundary, and a zenith angle or altitude angle at the measurement location Measuring point angle measuring means, oblique distance to the prism, zenith angle or altitude angle of the prism, zenith angle or altitude angle of the collimated red-white boundary, and the number of red-white boundaries below the collimated red-white boundary A surveying instrument comprising: a height calculation means for calculating the height of the measurement location from the zenith angle or altitude angle of the measurement location.

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