JP5190545B1 - Vertical axis wind power generator - Google Patents

Abstract

【Task】
In a vertical axis wind power generator, a vertical axis wind power generator capable of increasing power generation while maintaining or improving start-up performance is provided.
[Solution]
A vertical axis wind turbine having a wind turbine and a power generation unit, and having a rotating shaft extending in the vertical direction, at least one arm extending from the rotating shaft in the outer peripheral direction, and at least one blade fixed to the arm. In the power generation apparatus, the vertical axis wind power generation apparatus 1 includes at least the first windmill 10 and the second windmill 20, and the first windmill 10 and the second windmill 20 have different turning radii and independently. Rotate.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a vertical axis wind power generator using a windmill having a vertical rotating shaft.

  Conventionally, as a wind power generation device, a wind power generation device in which a vertical axis type wind turbine or a horizontal axis type wind turbine and a power generation unit are combined is used (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2). FIG. 9 shows an example of a vertical axis wind power generator. The vertical axis wind power generator 1X includes a power generator 2X and a windmill 10X. The windmill 10X includes a rotating shaft 3X connected to the power generation unit 2X, an arm 4X extending in the horizontal direction from the rotating shaft 3X, and a blade 5X fixed to the arm 4X. A typical vertical axis wind power generator has a blade length h of 3.0 m, a width d of 0.3 m, and a horizontal length r of the arm 4X of about 1.5 m.

  Next, the operation of the vertical axis wind power generator 1X will be described. The windmill 10X receives wind from the blades 5X and starts rotating as indicated by the arrows in FIG. The windmill 10X starts to rotate with a wind having a wind speed of about 1.0 m / s (referred to as startup). When the wind speed becomes 2.0 m / s or higher, power generation by the power generation unit 2X is started (referred to as cut-in). This vertical axis wind power generator 1X can generate about 3 kw at a wind speed of 12 m / s.

  This vertical axis type wind turbine 10X has the following characteristics. The wind speed required for startup is lower than that of a horizontal axis type wind turbine (high startup performance). Therefore, even if it is a breeze, a windmill can rotate and electric power generation can be started. Further, since the rotational speed of the rotary shaft 3X is smaller than that of the horizontal axis type windmill, noise can be prevented. The ideal theoretical value of the rotational speed of the rotary shaft 3X is about 1.7 times the wind speed for the vertical axis type windmill and about 7.0 times the wind speed for the horizontal axis type windmill.

  The vertical axis wind power generator 1X has a problem that it is difficult to increase the amount of power generation while maintaining the start-up performance that is the merit of the vertical axis wind turbine. Here, in order to increase the amount of power generation, it is desirable to design the number of blades and the rotation radius of the windmill so as to increase the rotational speed of the rotary shaft 3X or increase the rotational torque.

  In order to increase the rotational speed of the windmill 10X, there is a method of designing so that the radius of rotation of the windmill 10X (the length of the arm 4X) is shortened. However, when the turning radius of the windmill 10X is shortened, there arises a problem that the start-up performance is remarkably lowered and the rotational torque is also lowered.

  Further, there is a method of designing to increase the number of blades 5X of the windmill 10X in order to increase the rotational torque of the windmill 10X. By increasing the number of blades 5X, the start-up performance is also improved. However, when the number of blades 5X of the windmill 10X is increased, there is a problem that the rotational speed is remarkably reduced.

  In other words, it was difficult to simultaneously maintain startup performance and increase power generation.

  For example, when comparing a small windmill with a small turning radius and a large windmill with a large turning radius, the large windmill has a higher start-up performance and a larger rotational torque, but the rotational speed is reduced. This makes it difficult to increase the amount of power generation. Further, for example, when comparing a 4-blade wind turbine and a 2-blade wind turbine, the 4-blade wind turbine has a higher start-up performance and a larger rotational torque, but the rotational speed is reduced. This makes it difficult to increase the amount of power generation.

JP 2008-261288 A JP 2005-2848 A

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to achieve vertical axis wind power that can increase the amount of power generation while maintaining or improving start-up performance in a vertical axis wind power generator. It is to provide a power generation device.

  In order to achieve the above object, a vertical axis wind power generator according to the present invention has a wind turbine and a power generation unit, and the wind turbine extends in the vertical direction, and extends from the rotation shaft in the outer circumferential direction. In the vertical axis wind power generator having at least one arm and at least one blade fixed to the arm, the vertical axis wind power generator has at least a first windmill and a second windmill, The first windmill and the second windmill have different radii of rotation and rotate independently. With this configuration, the amount of power generation can be increased while maintaining or improving the startup performance.

  In the vertical axis wind power generator described above, the first windmill has a first rotating shaft and first blades installed on the first rotating shaft via a first arm, and the second windmill is And a second rotating shaft and a second blade installed on the second rotating shaft via a second arm, wherein the first arm and the second arm have different lengths. With this configuration, the same effects as described above can be obtained.

  The vertical axis wind power generator described above is characterized in that the power generation unit combines the rotational forces of the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft that rotate independently of each other to generate power. . With this configuration, the same effects as described above can be obtained.

  In the vertical axis type wind turbine generator described above, among the first wind turbine and the second wind turbine, the wind turbine having the larger rotation radius has a larger number of blades than the wind turbine having the smaller rotation radius. It is structured. With this configuration, a windmill having a large turning radius and a large number of blades can have high start-up performance.

  In the vertical axis type wind turbine generator described above, of the first wind turbine and the second wind turbine, the wind turbine having the larger rotation radius is at least one of the mass or area of the blades as compared with the wind turbine having the smaller rotation radius. It is characterized in that it is configured to be large. With this configuration, a windmill having a large turning radius and at least one of the mass and area of the blades can have high start-up performance.

  In the vertical axis wind power generator described above, the power generation unit includes a generator including a rotor and a stator, and one of the rotor and the stator is fixed to the first rotation shaft and the other is fixed. Is fixed to the second rotating shaft, and the first wind turbine and the second wind turbine rotate in opposite directions. With this configuration, since the speed at which the generator rotates can be approximately double that of the conventional one, the amount of power generation can be increased.

  The vertical axis wind power generator according to the present invention can provide a vertical axis wind power generator capable of increasing the amount of power generation while maintaining or improving the start-up performance.

1 is a perspective view showing a vertical axis wind power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a plan view showing a vertical axis wind power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is the fragmentary sectional view which showed the electric power generation part of the vertical axis type wind power generator of embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the fragmentary sectional view which showed the electric power generation part of the vertical axis type wind power generator of different embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the figure which showed the vertical axis type wind power generator of different embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the fragmentary sectional view which showed the electric power generation part of the vertical axis type wind power generator of different embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the front view which showed the vertical axis type wind power generator of different embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the front view which showed the vertical axis type wind power generator of different embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the perspective view which showed the conventional vertical axis type wind power generator.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a vertical axis wind power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a vertical axis wind power generator 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The vertical axis wind power generator 1 includes a first windmill 10, a second windmill 20, and a power generation unit 2. The first windmill 10 has a first rotating shaft 13 and a first blade 15 installed on the first rotating shaft 13 via a first arm 14. Similarly, the 2nd windmill 20 has the 2nd blade | wing 25 installed in the 2nd rotating shaft 23 via the 2nd arm 24 with the 2nd rotating shaft 23. As shown in FIG. The first windmill 10 and the second windmill 20 have different radii of rotation and are configured to rotate independently of each other. That is, for example, the second arm 24 is formed longer than the first arm 14. Therefore, the first blade 15 and the second blade 25 do not interfere with each other and can rotate independently. In FIG. 1, the blades 15 and 25 of the first windmill 10 and the second windmill 20 are illustrated one by one, but may be one by one, and preferably three to six are installed. Further, it is desirable that the blade length h is about 0.6 to 1.5 m and the width d is about 0.15 to 0.50 m.

  Next, the operation of the vertical axis wind power generator 1 will be described. When the first windmill 10 and the second windmill 20 are stopped, when receiving a breeze, the second windmill 20 first starts rotating (startup). This is because the second arm 24 of the second windmill 20 is long (the radius of rotation is large) and is easy to rotate by receiving wind (high start-up performance). Thereafter, the first windmill 10 starts to rotate. The first wind turbine 10 and the second wind turbine 20 rotate independently of each other, and power generation is started when a predetermined rotation speed is reached (cut-in). At this time, the power generation unit 2 is configured to rotate by the resultant force of the first windmill 10 and the second windmill 20 to generate power.

  With the above configuration, the following operational effects can be obtained. First, it is possible to increase the amount of power generation while maintaining the start-up performance that is the merit of the vertical axis type windmill. In other words, if the number of blades 15 and 25 of the first windmill 10 and the second windmill 20 is, for example, 6 each, the start-up performance is high, so that rotation can be started even with a light wind of 1.0 m / s or less. .

Second, the amount of power generation can be increased without degrading the startup performance. This is because the power generation unit 2 receives the resultant force of the rotational forces of the first windmill 10 and the second windmill 20 as energy. Here, this energy is nearly twice that of the conventional energy.

  Note that at least two windmills (the first windmill and the second windmill) may be configured to have the same number of blades. Moreover, you may comprise so that a windmill (for example, 2nd windmill) with a larger rotation radius may have many blade | wings compared with the other windmill (for example, 1st windmill). With this configuration, a windmill having a large turning radius and a large number of blades (for example, the second windmill) can have high startup performance. Therefore, it can rotate spontaneously even in a light wind environment. A windmill with a small turning radius and a small number of blades (for example, the first windmill) has a low start-up performance but a large amount of power generation. Therefore, for example, when a part of the rotational force of the second windmill is transmitted to the first windmill to assist the startup of the first windmill, a vertical axis wind power generator having high startup performance and a large amount of power generation is provided. can do.

  Furthermore, you may comprise so that it may have a blade | wing with a mass or an area large compared with the windmill (for example, 2nd windmill) with a larger rotation radius, and the other windmill (for example, 1st windmill). With this configuration, the same effects as described above can be obtained.

  FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the vertical axis wind power generator 1. In the vertical axis wind power generator 1, the second arm 24 is formed longer than the first arm 14. And the 1st rotating shaft 13 and the 2nd rotating shaft 23 rotate independently. Therefore, the first blade 15 and the second blade 25 do not interfere with each other and rotate independently. F1 indicates a first region through which the first blade passes, and F2 indicates a second region through which the second blade passes.

  In FIG. 2, the number of blades 15 and 25 of the first wind turbine 10 and the second wind turbine 20 is two, but it can be three or more. This can be appropriately designed in consideration of the average wind speed at the place where the vertical axis wind power generator 1 is installed.

  FIG. 3 shows an example of a partial cross-sectional view of the power generation unit 2. The power generation unit 2 includes a generator 6 that rotatably supports the first power generation shaft 17 and the second power generation shaft 27. The power generation unit 2 is configured such that the rotational force of the first rotation shaft 13 is transmitted to the first power generation shaft 17 via the first belt 16. Similarly, the power generation unit 2 is configured such that the rotational force of the second rotation shaft 23 is transmitted to the second power generation shaft 27 via the second belt 26.

  Next, the operation of the power generation unit 2 will be described. First, the 2nd rotating shaft 23 rotates with the force of a wind. This rotational force is transmitted to the generator 6 through the second belt 26 and the second power generation shaft 27 and converted into electricity. Similarly, when the first rotating shaft 13 is rotated by wind force, the rotating force is transmitted to the generator 6 via the first belt 16 and the first power generating shaft 17 and converted into electricity. Here, the 1st rotating shaft 13 and the 2nd rotating shaft 23 are comprised so that it may rotate in the same direction. Further, the rotational force transmitted to the first power generation shaft 17 and the second power generation shaft 27 is synthesized through, for example, a one-way clutch or the like.

  A configuration in which the first power generation shaft 17 and the second power generation shaft 27 are connected via a one-way clutch to synthesize rotational force will be described. At the start of the vertical axis wind power generator 1, the second power generation shaft 27 starts rotating as the second wind turbine 20 starts rotating. At this time, the one-way clutch is configured to be idle. That is, the first power generation shaft 17 is stopped. When the wind speed rises and the first power generation shaft 17 exceeds the rotation speed of the second power generation shaft 27 as the first windmill 10 rotates, the one-way clutch is configured to be in an engaged state. That is, the rotational forces of the first power generation shaft 17 and the second power generation shaft 27 are combined via the one-way clutch and transmitted to the generator 6. At this time, since the first windmill 10 and the second windmill 20 apparently rotate as an integrated windmill, the generator 6 can obtain a high torque.

  In addition, a control mechanism such as a torque limiter may be added to the one-way clutch so as to arbitrarily control the idling state and the meshing state. Further, the rotational speed and rotational torque of the first power generation shaft 17 and the second power generation shaft 27 may be set using gears or the like. With this configuration, for example, even when the rotational speed of the first windmill 10 is smaller than the rotational speed of the second windmill 20, the rotational force is synthesized by the first power generation shaft 17 and the second power generation shaft 27, and the generator 6 can be transmitted. Further, even when the first power generation shaft 17 is in a stopped state, a part of the rotational force of the second power generation shaft 27 can be transmitted so that the first windmill 10 starts to rotate.

  As described above, the rotational force of the first windmill 10 and the second windmill 20 can be synthesized using a known mechanism. In addition, a planetary gear can be used. For example, the first rotating shaft 27 can be connected to the planetary gear, the second rotating shaft 23 can be connected to the sun gear, and the ring gear can be fixed to the generator 6. At this time, it is desirable that the first power generation shaft 17 or the second power generation shaft 27 has a configuration in which the connection with the planetary gear can be released by a clutch or the like.

  In addition, although the structure which synthesize | combines rotational force, such as a one-way clutch, was demonstrated about the structure installed in the 1st and 2nd electric power generation shafts 17 and 27, the structure which installs this mechanism in the 1st and 2nd rotating shafts 13 and 23 It is good. Moreover, the 1st belt 16 and the 2nd belt 26 should just be the structures which can transmit the rotational force of the rotating shafts 13 and 23 to the electric power generation shafts 17 and 27. FIG. For example, a gear or the like can be used.

  With the above configuration, the following operational effects can be obtained. 1stly, the start-up performance of the windmills 10 and 20 can be maintained or improved by the structure which the 1st windmill 10 and the 2nd windmill 20 rotate independently.

  Second, the amount of power generation can be increased by combining the rotational forces of the first wind turbine 10 and the second wind turbine 20 that rotate independently and transmitting them to the generator 6.

  FIG. 4 shows a partial cross-sectional view of a power generation unit 2A of a vertical axis wind power generator according to another embodiment of the present invention. The power generation unit 2A includes a generator 6A including a stator 18A and a rotor 28A that are configured by coils, magnets, or the like. The stator 18A is fixed to the first rotating shaft 13A, and the rotor 28A is fixed to the second rotating shaft 23A. Here, the first rotating shaft 13A and the second rotating shaft 23A are arranged so as to have a multi-tube structure having a common center axis and the other rotating shaft arranged in one rotating shaft. Further, the first windmill 10 and the second windmill 20 are configured to rotate in opposite directions. One of the generators 6A is called a stator 18A for convenience, but the stator 18A can rotate relative to the rotor 28A to generate power.

  Next, the operation of the power generation unit 2A will be described. The first windmill 10 and the second windmill 20 receive wind and start rotating in opposite directions. The first rotating shaft 13A rotates the stator 18A (the generator 6A itself) in one direction, and the second rotating shaft 23A rotates the rotor 28A in the reverse direction. Here, the relative rotational speed of the stator 18A and the rotor 28A is a composite value of the rotational speeds of the first and second windmills 10 and 20.

  With the above configuration, the following operational effects can be obtained. First, since the speed at which the generator 6A rotates can be made about twice that of the prior art, the amount of power generation can be increased. Secondly, since the power generation unit 2A can be installed on the central axis of the rotating shaft (13A, 23A) of the windmill, the vertical axis wind power generator can be designed in a compact manner. Third, even when the wind speed is low and only the first windmill or the second windmill rotates, power generation can be performed.

  FIG. 5 shows a vertical axis wind power generator 1B according to another embodiment of the present invention. The vertical axis wind power generator 1B includes a support shaft 40B, a first windmill 10B that is rotatably installed with respect to the support shaft 40B, a second windmill 20B that is rotatably installed with respect to the first windmill 10B, It has the power generation part 2B installed between the 1st windmill 10B and the 2nd windmill 20B. Here, the 1st windmill 10B and the 2nd windmill 20B are comprised so that a rotation direction may become a reverse direction. Further, the length of the first arm 14B is configured to be longer than the length of the second arm 24B.

  In FIG. 6, the fragmentary sectional view of the electric power generation part 2B of the vertical axis type wind power generator 1B is shown. The power generation unit 2B includes a generator 6B including a stator 18B and a rotor 28B, one of which is configured with a coil and the other is configured with a magnet. The stator 18B is fixed to the first rotating shaft 13B, and the rotor 28B is fixed to the second rotating shaft 23B. In addition, the power generation unit 2B includes a contact (for example, a slip carbon brush) 41B connected to the generator 6B and a contact ring (for example, a slip ring) 42B fixed to the support shaft 40B. Furthermore, the power generation unit 2B has a bearing (eg, a ball bearing) 43 that rotatably supports the first rotating shaft 13B with respect to the support shaft 40B, and a second rotating shaft 23B that can rotate with respect to the first rotating shaft 13B. The bearings 43 are supported respectively.

  Next, the operation of the power generation unit 2B will be described. First, the first rotating shaft 13B of the first windmill that has received the wind and the second rotating shaft 23B of the second windmill start to rotate in directions opposite to each other. In FIG. 6, the rotation direction of the first rotation shaft 13B is indicated by R1, and the rotation direction of the second rotation shaft 23B is indicated by R2. By this rotation, electricity is generated by the relative rotation of the stator 18B and the rotor 28B constituting the generator 6B. This electricity is sent to the power cable (not shown) via the contact 41B and the contact ring 42B from the coil-forming side (for example, the stator 18B).

  Here, the contact 41B that rotates together with the first rotating shaft 13B is configured to maintain contact on the outer periphery of the contact ring 42B. Further, the support shaft 40B and the contact ring 42B do not rotate. Further, for example, a power cable arranged inside the support shaft 40B is preferably a three-pole cable. In addition, it is desirable that the first rotation shaft 13B and the second rotation shaft 23B have a common center axis.

  With the above configuration, it is possible to obtain the same operational effects as the embodiment shown in FIG. First, since the speed at which the generator 6B rotates can be about twice that of the prior art, the amount of power generation can be increased. Second, since the power generation unit 2B can be installed on the rotation shafts of the first wind turbine 10B and the second wind turbine 20B, the vertical axis wind power generator can be configured compactly. Third, even when the wind speed is low and only the first windmill or the second windmill rotates, power generation can be performed. Fourth, the contact 41B made of a slip carbon brush or the like and the contact ring 42B made of a slip ring or the like are installed, so that even if the stator 18B side (the generator 6B itself) rotates, Electricity can be sent to the outside without being twisted.

  The stator 18B may be a generator such as a permanent magnet, and the rotor 28B may be a coil. Moreover, it is good also as a structure which installs a rotor in the 1st windmill 10B side, and fixes a stator to the 2nd windmill 20B side. Further, similarly to the example of FIG. 2, the length of the first arm 14B may be configured to be shorter than the length of the second arm 24B. In addition, the power generation unit 2B may have a contact ring such as a slip ring connected to the generator 6B and a contact such as a slip carbon brush installed on the support shaft 40B.

FIG. 7 shows a vertical axis wind power generator 1C according to another embodiment of the present invention. The vertical axis wind power generator 1C includes a third wind turbine 30C having a different radius of rotation in addition to the first wind turbine 10C and the second wind turbine 20C. In the vertical axis wind power generator 1C, the first to third wind turbines 10C, 20C, and 30C rotate independently of each other, so that the power generation amount can be increased while maintaining or improving the start-up performance.

  Here, the blades 15C, 25C, and 35C of the wind turbines 10C, 20C, and 30C are configured so that a part thereof becomes a shadow of each other. Due to this overlap, energy can be efficiently extracted from the passing wind. Even if the blades 15C, 25C, and 35C do not overlap, the effects of the present invention can be sufficiently obtained. In addition, any of the power generation units described above can be adopted as the power generation unit.

  FIG. 8 shows a vertical axis wind power generator 1D according to another embodiment of the present invention. In addition to the first wind turbine 10D and the second wind turbine 20D, the vertical axis wind power generator 1D includes a third wind turbine 30D having a smaller radius of rotation than the second wind turbine 20D.

  7 and 8 show an embodiment having the first to third wind turbines, but the present invention is not limited to this, and is configured to rotate four or more wind turbines independently. However, the same effect can be obtained. Moreover, you may comprise so that some of several windmills may rotate in response. In addition, in order to realize further improvement in start-up performance, the generator 6 may be used as a motor so that the wind turbine is initially moved.

1, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D Vertical axis wind power generator 2, 2A, 2B Power generation unit 3 Rotating shaft 4 Arm 5 Blade 10 First windmill 13 First rotating shaft 14 First arm 15 First blade 18, 18A, 18B Stator 20 Second windmill 23 Second rotating shaft 24 Second arm 25 Second blades 28, 28A, 28B Rotor

Claims (6)

A vertical axis having a windmill and a power generation unit, the rotation axis extending in the vertical direction of the windmill, at least one arm extending in the outer circumferential direction from the rotation axis, and at least one blade fixed to the arm Shaft type wind power generator ,
The vertical axis wind power generator has at least a first windmill and a second windmill having a larger radius of rotation than the first windmill ,
In the vertical axis wind power generator in which the first windmill and the second windmill have different radii of rotation and rotate independently ,
A configuration in which the power generation unit generates power by the rotational force of only the second windmill;
The first windmill rotates in addition to the second windmill, and the power generation is performed by combining the rotational forces of the two windmills.
The vertical wind turbine generator according to claim 1, wherein the second wind turbine is configured to have a higher startup performance than the first wind turbine .   The vertical axis wind power generator includes the first wind turbine and the second wind turbine configured to rotate in the same direction, and a one-way clutch that combines rotational forces of the first wind turbine and the second wind turbine. And
  The one-way clutch has a control mechanism;
  2. The vertical axis wind power generator according to claim 1, wherein the control mechanism is configured to switch between an idle state and an engaged state of the one-way clutch.   The said control mechanism has a structure which transmits a part of rotational force of a said 2nd windmill to a said 1st windmill, and the said 1st windmill starts a rotation. Vertical axis wind power generator. The power generation unit has a generator including a rotor and a stator,
One of the rotor and the stator is fixed to the rotation shaft of the first windmill, the other is fixed to the rotation shaft of the second windmill , and the first windmill and the second windmill are in opposite directions. The vertical axis wind power generator according to claim 1 , wherein the vertical axis wind power generator is configured to rotate.   The power generation unit has a generator,
  5. The vertical axis wind power generator according to claim 1, wherein the generator has a configuration that applies an initial motion to at least the first wind turbine or the second wind turbine as a motor. 6.   The vertical axis wind power according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a part of the blades of the first wind turbine and the second wind turbine are configured to overlap each other in a vertical direction. Power generation device.

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