JP5187686B2 - Compost with antibiotics and its production method - Google Patents

Description

  In the recent cultivation of agricultural products including fruits, various medicinal drugs have been developed and used as pesticides for the control of diseases and pests. Bacteria and small animals that play an important role in the cultivation of agricultural products, including animals that contain small insects, etc., play an important role in the cultivation of agricultural products. The tendency that the occurrence frequency of the phenomenon which can be perceived as attenuation of (geopower) and continuous cropping failure, etc. appeared.

  In addition, the most important of agricultural products, which are the production purpose of agricultural products, is the residual concentration, which is considered to have no effect on health even if you eat regularly, as a regulated value (ADI: acceptable daily intake) etc. Although it is said that safety has been ensured for some time, the evaluation is usually different because it cannot be confirmed by visual inspection, and both producers and consumers have a strong desire for chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

  In any case, the concentration is below the regulation value and even though it is extremely low, the suspicion that the pesticide remains can not be wiped out, so the pesticide including the environmental pollution of the surrounding area and the exposure of the worker to the pesticide when spraying the pesticide There is no reason to have nothing, and both consumers and producers are looking for safe and secure agricultural products that do not contain pesticides while being aware of the quality of crops caused by pests.

  The fertilizer used for agricultural production in Japan is not only edible but also edible parts of agricultural products, shrubs including bushes harvested for forest management, collected undergrowth and fallen leaves, and pruned waste branches. Composts made from wood, wilderness weeds, waterside aquatic plants, seaweeds, etc. have been used according to the seeds of fertilized crops based on experience and tradition.

  They are mainly fertilized by the excrement of cows (horses in some areas) that have been bred for towing agricultural implements and carts, laying straws (stepping rods) used for them, and new straws. Combining fully fertilized or unfinished cram fertilizer together with natural fermentation over a long period of time, compost was made and used as organic fertilizer.

  By the way, compost, which is an organic fertilizer, was made with the materials and methods shown in the general paragraph “0004, 0005”, but from the second half of the Showa 20th, the ingenuity by agricultural workers based on previous agricultural techniques. As a result of these efforts, remarkable progress and change have occurred, and there have been various demands of the times, so “fertilizer” is not only an emotional matter but also a sanitary viewpoint such as parasites, making chemical fertilizers easy and fast-acting. For some reason, the use of chemical fertilizers has been promoted positively and positively by the use of chemical fertilizers under the influence of cultivation, production and sales of "clean vegetables" for both producers and consumers. As a result, many types of inorganic (chemical) fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potash, etc. are developed and used in a form that suits the purpose. In various fields It raised the effect in its own way to have.

  In this way, the use of inorganic fertilizers has risen and drastically changed agriculture, but development research of agricultural chemicals has been carried out in time with the progress, and many types of agricultural chemicals with effects by purpose have been developed and rapidly spread. It was effective for pests that did not have any skill.

  However, it seems that insects, moths, mud traps, etc. familiar from Tabata disappeared and were not unexpected at all, but continuous use of chemical fertilizers caused a decline in geopower (productivity). It appears that excessive use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides was not unrelated to this.

  In addition to these reflections, in recent years there has been national encouragement and social demands related to environmental conservation and resource reuse, and in particular, garbage from food discharged in large cities. For example, huge amounts of manure such as cows, pigs and chickens in livestock production, wastes other than edible parts such as straw and root vegetables leaves in agriculture, processing residues in the fishery industry The production and use of organic fertilizers for thinned wood, natural fallen trees, shrubs and undergrowths including shrubs, etc., which are discarded due to forest management in forestry, has been studied as a national strategy.

  Against this background, it is related to organic fertilizer by compost to realize agricultural production with the motto of safe and secure production of agricultural products, but composting by conventional methods is sufficiently functional as organic fertilizer Even if it exists, the function related to pesticide-free is not specifically shown. Since it is at least unknown, there is an expectation for the cultivation of genetically engineered crops that it is possible to enhance disease resistance, but it is difficult to obtain public approval, so it is unknown whether it is possible At present, however, there is nothing but to expect to cultivate healthy crops that can withstand the harms of diseases such as pests and insects with organic fertilizers, but that is not easy.

  By the way, this patent is a demonstration experiment that in addition to the fertilizer effect, there is an antibiotic activity in a demonstration experiment using the compost collected from Shirakamiyama, isolated and cultured here and fermented by a group of bacteria called Shirakami bacteria. It has been found out that there are items that still need to be devised, such as ineffectiveness for insects including pests and the problem of resistant bacteria, but it is confirmed that there is no pathogenicity to humans Therefore, based on these results, we are trying to realize organic fertilizer-free agricultural cultivation with Shirakami fungus.

  In the process of fermentation of conventional compost, a variety of mainly aerobic bacteria appear, and the work is repeated in a timely manner, so that composting progresses with increased efficiency. Therefore, technological innovation is desired with heavy labor.

  Although it takes a long time to complete, the temperature of compost rises with time, and reaches about 70-80 ° C, showing the maximum temperature when about 60 to 70% of the time required for the completion of fermentation and the completion of fermentation. After that, the temperature drops over time, the compost is fully ripe, the temperature returns to about room temperature, and the fermentation is finished, and the composting is almost completed.

  Since the elapsed time of fermentation is influenced by the season (temperature) and compost materials, it seems that it was not determined by the technology and knowledge at the time, but as mentioned above, the temperature rises, so other than bacteria that can withstand that temperature It is killed due to high temperatures including pathogenic bacteria to crops or humans, and composting is promoted by the action of fungal groups with considerably fewer kinds compared to the beginning, and it is fully matured until secondary fermentation that does not harm crops occurs and used as compost It seems to have been.

  Speaking of organic fertilizer materials, as already mentioned, mainly raw garbage discharged from each household, primary industries such as agriculture, livestock, forestry and water, and processing from those products processing plants The source of these organic fertilizer materials, such as residues, is directly from the garbage and fisheries industry and the agricultural and livestock industry excluding the processing plant. Is included in the resource recycling concept, which is a national strategy.

  Manufacture of organic fertilizer as compost is not so difficult as it basically follows even if some traditional techniques are improved, but in general, compost has no disease resistance or antibacterial properties, but has antibiotics Such compost is strongly desired.

  By the way, the beginning of disease outbreak control and pest control was accidentally discovered in a vineyard in Bordeaux, France, in a mixed solution of copper sulfate and lime used for other purposes around the 16th century. There is a classic pesticide that has come to be used as a pesticide under the name of Bord-Liquid, taking the local name discovered in the beginning.

  After that, the effectiveness of a wide range of crops and diseases, long-lasting bactericidal activity, and the emergence of resistant bacteria, which are important elements as pesticides, are low and the cost is low. Although some improvements have been made based on these results, they are still used in Japan.

  In Japan, it was called “bug catching, insect feeding” and hit the bells and drums to make a loud sound and beat the torches (it can be guessed that there was an effect of burning and killing with light). There was a region where an event close to the superstition of chasing insects was carried out, and it was unknown from what time it was, but until the early Showa period, the whale fat was sprinkled on the paddy field and fell to the surface where the oil floated Pesticides that are covered with oil, pesticides that are effective for killing chrysanthemums, insecticides that are expected to benefit from nicotine sulfate from tobacco leaves, pesticides derived from natural products such as plants and their roots are used However, many seemed to surpass it in various ways with a response that seemed to have learned from experience.

  It seems that it was effective to call insecticide in the era when electricity can be drawn, and in paddy fields in the area near the power line, a kidnapping lamp was installed to collect pests, and a container with oil floating in the water was placed under the fence. It was a method of removing the harmful insects on the surface of the water by inviting them to the light reflected on the surface of the water. Although this kidnapping lamp was also kidnapped and exterminated by fire or torches in the days when there was no electricity, the crops near the kidnapping lights were bright at night, so the day length changed and the crops were physiologically affected. Therefore, it can be inferred that there was a negative aspect such as a decrease in production or quality of agricultural products, not only in a positive kidnapping and insecticidal effect but also in a partial range.

  In this way, pest control is considered to be close to superstition, and the method that is less effective for labor and expense is still used, but the damage of pests and pests is very serious. I would like to evaluate it as a footstep of the process that has been devised for its prevention and extermination as a problem.

Therefore, where employed in the both at the level of the genus that identification of the currently our species species composition of Shirakami bacteria used for compost fermentation in addition to the proved species has not been completed with the antibiotic ability "claim 1" As shown, they are composed of 8 genera and 12 species, of which Aspergillus terreus is a yeast.
These species have so-called antibiotics that kill other bacteria or suppress their growth, but what species or genus it is alone, whether it is the result of multiple species (genus) or a combination of other species, etc. We are studying the effectiveness, resistance bacteria, and environmental conservation.

By the way, as is generally said, it has not yet been confirmed whether it is a result of several inhibitions such as inhibition of cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis or nucleic acid synthesis, etc. On the other hand, the existence of resistance performance is easy to explain in the presence of a plurality of species or a plurality of genera rather than a single species (genus).
Accordingly I want claimed in stage that at this stage anti-performance noted a combined action the whole bacterial group Shirakami bacteria referred to herein as set forth in [claim 1] as to continue the quest.

We are searching, but the past patent documents have not been found within the scope of the investigation, but we still want to search until publication to ensure accuracy. Although there are many descriptions on compost, there was no description in the surveyed area that fermented bacteria with special performance were doubled and used actively in compost production.

  As mentioned above, the long-term continuous use of chemical fertilizers reduces field productivity and there is no concrete expression example that shows that conventional compost has empirical anti-performance. Of agricultural resources that are desired by consumers and encouraged by the country, and that are currently based on a calorie-based approach to improving the food self-sufficiency rate of 39%. Since it can be judged that there is no specific and stable function, both the production amount and the production amount are unstable, and in the worst case, cultivation with organic fertilizer-free pesticides may be difficult to spread only by cheering, and in the future, a small amount of agricultural chemical components However, it can be continued to be consumed with crops.

  In the current compost production technology, if the moisture content is less than 70%, it will not be fermented or it will take a long time to ferment. There is a need for a method that enables composting (fertilization) even for materials with a high moisture ratio, which is not easy and currently uses compost that has already been manufactured as an adjustment material and surpasses its inefficiency. It has been.

  In addition, compost materials have severe odors, if not all, and are often regarded as a cause of “water pollution” by causing them to flow into water areas even if they are not intentional due to the difficulty of handling and handling. Those solutions are required.

  In the present invention, the fungus group collected from nature and separated and cultured, and here the collected place is Shirakami Mountains, so the fungus group is called “Shirakami fungus”, but the compost fermented using the Shirakami fungus has sufficient fertilizer effect As a result of the demonstration experiment, it was found that antibiotics are present, but not all of the pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, there is a possibility that the conventional compost production technology described in paragraphs “0005 to 0006” can achieve. The fear of realizing low (or zero) pesticide-free cultivation can be denied, so that cultivation with organic fertilizer-free pesticide is possible.

  Except for some crops such as straw, livestock manure is not fermented unless it has a high water ratio and the addition of a water-adjusting material, just like household garbage. In some cases, the treatment is not in time, which seems to be one of the causes of water pollution and odor pollution. If the organic substance is present, this Tsubame god is fermented even when it is in liquid form, just like when brewing sake, and compost (fertilizer) materials with a high moisture ratio can be used without using moisture regulators. The process of deodorization has not yet reached the stage of showing it, but empirically, Shirakami fungus has a strong deodorizing action, so it is of value as odor pollution and compost as described in the paragraph “0027” above. It can be used for malodor treatment because it helps to eliminate spoilage odors of high protein such as seafood and indirectly water pollution.

The present invention including the above contents has the following effects.
Most of the sources of compost raw materials are direct waste from agricultural and forestry water, which is the primary industry, except for food waste from primary households and processing residues of primary products. However, these domestic farms are not only direct sources but also demand for compost. These are national strategies, and the recycling of resources that is going to be developed nationwide in response to this, but the main treatment method to date is landfill or incineration, and landfill is the generation of odors and pests in the first place. physically Moreover location rather than quality as landfill material already close to Man抔not most of candidate sites, incineration is forced to discharge of greenhouse gas CO _2. Therefore, composting organic matter such as raw garbage has a very effective effect in solving these problems.

  However, compost also has a surplus, because it is only used as a fertilizer, but the compost produced by fermentation of Shirakami fungus also has antibiotics, so the use of pesticides has decreased and demand for pesticide-free cultivation has increased. Has the effect of increasing.

With conventional compost, it is difficult to expect the functions of organic fertilizers and pesticides, especially those without pesticides. Even if they have accidental functions, they are extremely unstable and are actively used by using Shirakami fungus. Has a stable effect.
In this respect, since the present invention artificially adds Shirakami fungus to ferment, compost has antibiotic activity, and therefore has the effect of controlling the occurrence and spread of diseases derived from certain pathogenic bacteria. There is an effect that enables pesticide cultivation.

  In addition to compost, it can also be fermented in liquid form, and even in fermented water, the medicinal effect is recognized without change, so fermented water can be used as a dilute solution 30 to 100 times or more depending on the type and degree of disease. This can be expected to save labor in fertilization work that also serves as point disinfection, especially in laboratories such as greenhouses.

  Compared to compost, liquid fertilization does not change the fertilization effect, but has immediate effect, so a huge amount of livestock manure is produced as liquid fertilizer, even if some ingenuity is required for storage. Since transportation and fertilization work can save labor, a new method that can reduce costs and reduce the difficulty of transportation and fertilization work can be introduced with a liquid fertilizer. Labor saving can be expected for fertilization.

  The actual operation according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.

The Shirakami bacteria collected here in Mt. Shirakami is a group of bacteria consisting of the species (genus) indicated in [Claim 1]. Prepare to cover the density and capacity.

  On the other hand, compost material A is mechanically mixed with Shiragami fungus (2), which has been separately collected or separated into compost A-1 (1) and liquid fertilizer A-2 (2) and cultured to increase the density (3) (3) 'Shirashiragami is an aerobic bacterium, so composting is arbitrarily repeated for the compost (4); for liquid fertilizer, aeration with air, agitation with a stirrer or aeration and agitation at the same time Increase the reaction rate by aeration and agitation. ,

  In composting, as in the case of conventional compost production, the temperature of fermentation rises over time and reaches a maximum of 70 ° C to 80 ° C. After that, the temperature drops over time and returns to room temperature. The time until completion of (5) is completed can be shortened to at least about 2/3 as compared with the conventional method.

  On the other hand, liquid fertilizer (3) 'depends on the season, but steam rises from the liquid surface in the relatively cold season, so the heat generated from the fermentation is certain, but there is no heat storage as compost, but the fermentation progresses. Since the color and odor of the water surface and the appearance of bubbles floating on the water surface change, the degree of fermentation can be read, and when it is fully ripe, it can be judged by the amount and shape of the suspension (5).

  When the product is completed, compost is processed into dry pellets (6) according to demand, and the others are composted and packed in containers (bags) like dry pellets (7) before shipment (9) or storage (8).

  Part of the finished liquid fertilizer is shipped using a tank trolley etc. as a transport means (9), and the others are extracted from fermented water (6) and part of it is concentrated or raw (6) “20-200 liters Shipped in a plastic tank and shipped to remote areas (10), but for the neighborhood, unconcentrated (9) and shipped in a similar container, thus completing a series of operations.

  It is a flowchart regarding the manufacturing method of the compost fermented by Shirakami bacteria with antibiotics.

Claims (3)

Collected from Shirakami Mountains and cultured and separated
Shewanella putrefaciens
Enterobacter cloacae
Enterobacter sp. (Not Enterobacter cloacae)
Escherichia sp.
Comonas testosteroni
Bacillus cereus
Bacillus sphaericus
Bacillus sp. (Not Bacillus cereus, Bacillus sphaericus)
Aspergillus terreus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Klebsiella osaenae
Pseudomonas oryzibabitans
A fungus group for producing organic fertilizers. An organic fertilizer fermented and produced by the fungus group according to claim 1. The manufacturing method of the organic fertilizer which ferments with the microbe group of Claim 1.

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