JP3095256B2 - Organic waste treatment, fermentation production and applications - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the treatment of organic wastes and fermented products produced from the wastes, and the fermented products are used as fertilizers, deodorants, detergents and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art At present, food waste generated in large quantities from food factories and hotels is discarded or incinerated at high cost.

Livestock manure is used as an organic fertilizer that can be easily obtained by farmers. However, not only bad smells affect the environment, but also coniferous sawdust that is generally used as a litter for livestock barn is used in manure. When mixed, the tar component and the resin component inhibit the growth of microorganisms, thereby hindering the progress of spoilage. It takes a long time to completely spoil the spoilage.

[0004] Further, a fertilizer consisting only of manure containing no sawdust and the like impairs crops due to an excessive amount of N, and also impedes the aggregation of the soil and inhibits the supply of oxygen to the soil.

[0005] A waste medium obtained by cultivating mushrooms in a medium containing grassy materials such as corn cob is mixed with manure of domestic animals, and the mixture is fermented to obtain a soil-modified fertilizer. (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.
270584). According to that embodiment, the mixture is
The product is turned over 2-3 times at intervals of 25 days, but the inventor's findings are that it is a brown or brownish fermented, fermented product that still has a pungent odor and is free from environmental problems. It is not easy to handle.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention seeks to overcome the disadvantages of the known art described above, in which ground or crushed corn cob is mixed with organic waste and the mixture is subjected to aerobic fermentation at elevated temperatures. A method of treating organic waste and a method of producing a fermented product, characterized in that the fermented product turns black and fermentation stops, and a mixture of crushed or crushed corn cob and organic waste A soil-improving fertilizer, a deodorant, and a detergent obtained by aerobically fermenting and blackening at elevated temperatures.

[0007] Organic wastes are plant and animal wastes generated in agricultural, livestock, food industry, hotels, restaurants, and the like, and include, for example, Japanese peach, Bakuhi, corn cob,
It includes bagasse, buckwheat, magella, rice bran, okara, fruit juice pomace, garbage from cooking, feces of cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens and other domestic animals.

[0008] Corn cob is mixed with organic waste as a comminuted or crushed product. A crushed product having a particle size of 6 to 60 mesh and a bulk specific gravity of 0.1 to 0.35 shows the most preferable fermentation state in the next fermentation step.

[0009] At present, corn cob is not compressed and is directly crushed and crushed by a hammer-shaped or claw-shaped member rotating at a high speed so as to strike the surface of the grass material. For example, when corn cob is crushed with a hammer crusher, the crushed material has a bulk specific gravity of 0.4 to 0.5, and the surface of the crushed material is hardened to deteriorate water absorption.

According to the study of the present inventor, corn cob is compressed in advance so as to have a specific gravity of about 0.4 to 0.8, and the compressed material is crushed by pressing it against, for example, a rotating roller having a large number of small blades. It was found that the crushed material obtained by this method had extremely good water absorption.

For example, half of water was put into each of two cups of the same capacity, and the above-mentioned crushed material and crushed material were placed on the water surface so as to have a thickness of 5 mm. All of the crushed material sank below the surface of the water so as to collapse within a few seconds, but the crushed material did not easily sink and it took more than 30 minutes to completely sink.

The crushed material expands when it comes into contact with water and tends to return to its original shape, and thus seems to absorb water instantaneously like a dropper.

The crushed or crushed material is mixed with organic waste,
If necessary, adjust the moisture content of the mixture to ferment.

When the organic waste is, for example, pomace of apple juice, okara, dung, etc., the water content is generally large, so that the water content may be adjusted by adding dried corn cob. Corncob is porous, breathable, water-absorbing, water-retaining, and promotes fermentation of the mixture.

If the amount of water contained in the mixture is too small, the fermentation does not proceed sufficiently. If the amount is too large, the product becomes sticky, making it difficult to handle or hindering the fermentation. The preferred moisture range depends on the operation of the fermentation, but is often about 55-6.
5%.

The fermentation of the mixture is carried out at elevated temperatures under aerobic conditions. The preferred fermentation temperature is about 55-70 ° C. Heating may be performed to increase the temperature of the mixture or to dry the mixture, but the heat generated by fermentation can be used, which is simpler.

For example, the mixture is piled up and cut back every three days to improve the contact with the air. When this is repeated, the mixture gradually rises in temperature due to the heat of fermentation, and eventually reaches the upper limit of 65 to 70 ° C.
After maintaining this temperature for several tens of days, the temperature gradually decreases and the fermentation ends.

If the air is supplied excessively, heat is taken away by the air and the fermentation is hindered. Therefore, it is preferable that the switching be performed at the time when the temperature rise due to the heat generation of the mixture starts to fall. The temperature gradually rises and gradually falls at the end of the day, and the fermentation stops.

Thus, it is possible to obtain a blackened fermented product having no odor or putrid odor.

Although the operation using the heat of fermentation has been described above, the fermentation can be promoted by externally heating and supplying more air, if desired. You can also care.

The fermented product thus obtained can be used as a fertilizer having a soil modifying action. For example, it can be applied to soil degraded by continuous use of chemical fertilizer to swell and soften the soil, and can be used for crops, horticultural plants, fruit trees, etc. to control pests and diseases, and increase crop yield. .

The fermented product has a strong deodorizing effect, and can be sprayed as a deodorant to remove bad odors in toilets and the like, and when sprayed on compost, etc., fermentation of compost can be promoted simultaneously with deodorization. it can.

It is considered that the fermented product has an action of decomposing fats and oils and the like. For example, the fermented product is put into a grease trap of a cooking place to decompose the oils and fats, and is washed. Alternatively, it can be used as a cleaning agent in sewers and septic tanks.

The bulk specific gravity in the present invention is measured by the following method.

The sample was completely dried in a dryer at 105 ° C.
Lightly fill a 00 cc mesh cylinder, perform up and down impact vibrations 100 times, and calculate based on the weight at this time.

Embodiment 1

[Table 1] * Crushed waste hoda wood used for shiitake mushroom cultivation. ** A polyethylene bottle with a capacity of 800 ml is filled with a mixture of 70 g of corn cob, 40 g of rice husk, 30 g of dried okara, and 50 g of rice bran (15% moisture) per bottle, and the water content is 65%.
The waste medium which was cultivated by conventional methods and used as a medium for oyster mushrooms and remained after harvesting the fruiting bodies. *** Crushed material with bulk specific gravity of 0.2

The materials shown in the above table were mixed with a mixer to obtain a water content of 60%.
% Of the mixture, which was stacked in a 2.5 m high cone on a well-ventilated concrete floor with a roof. Seven days later, the floor was reloaded onto another floor, at which point the temperature of the mixture (about 20 cm below the surface) had risen to 50 ° C. Thereafter, the mixture was cut back once every three days. The product temperature gradually rises, and 65 to 7 days after the start of stacking
The temperature reached 0 ° C., and the same temperature was maintained until about day 70. After that, the temperature gradually decreased to 40 ° C. or less in 80 to 90 days, and the fermentation was completed. After the temperature of the product began to decrease and became 60 ° C. or less, the product was turned over once every five days.

Thus, fermented products 7,3 having a water content of 35% or less
50 kg were obtained. The mixture had a strong smell of odor and putrid odor at first, but the odor disappeared after about 20 turns, and finally became an aged corroded earthy odor. The color was brown at first, but it turned brown as the fermentation progressed, and eventually turned black like charcoal.

Embodiment 2

[Table 2] * In a polyethylene bottle having a capacity of 800 ml, a mixture of 70 g of corn cob, 40 g of rice husk, 50 g of dedicated bran, 50 g of dehydrated okara (73% moisture), and 10 g of shell powder per bottle is made up of 64 moisture.
%, Filled, and used as a culture medium to grow beech mushrooms according to customary practices.

The procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that the above materials were used, to obtain 740 kg of a black fermented product having a water content of 34%.

Example 3 (Test for Disease and Insect Pest) The fermented product of the present invention was applied to turf to examine the effect on the disease and infestation for 3 years.

The lawn of 600 tsubo is 300 tsubo of A (experimental area),
B (control zone) is roughly divided into 300 tsubo, and each zone is further divided into sub-zones of 100 tsubo, and A-1, A-2, A-3,
B-1, B-2, and B-3.

The following materials were applied to the sections A and B, respectively.

Materials A (experimental plot) Product of Example 1 B (control plot) Fertilized chicken dung fertilizer (compost made from chicken dung and conifer sawdust) [Test period] May 1986 to Heisei 19 April (3 years) [Test method] In early May of the start of the test, each of the reference amounts of organocopper wettable powder as a disinfectant and diazinon granule as a pesticide were separately sprayed simultaneously in the A and B areas, and thereafter When abnormalities were observed in each section, they were sprayed each time. In each ward, the number of pesticide sprayings required throughout the year was compared.

The results are shown in the following table.

[Table 3]

As is clear from the above table, the resistance to pests and infestations increased in the experimental plot A to which the product of Example 1 was applied compared to the control plot B from the second year onward. Was less than half, and the cost of turf management was greatly reduced. In the experimental plot, dark green and thick turf grew.

Example 4 (Test for apple purple scab)

[Test site] An orchard in which an apple tree is expected to suffer from mottle disease and be annihilated in a few years. [Trees to be tested] Crested in 15 of 61 apples planted on 1,200 tsubo. Damage from the disease was seen.

The fifteen of these were six severe, seven moderate, and two mild.
In the book, this was classified as follows.

Severe, moderate, moderate, mild (yellow leaves) (yellow-green leaves) (green, some yellow-green leaves) Section A 230 B Section 22 1 C Section 22 1 [Material and amount of application] Section A ... Product of Example 2, 1,500 kg per unit area B zone: Benrate ^* , 4,500 l of a 1,000-fold solution per 10 ares sprayed in soil C zone: Waste medium for oyster mushroom cultivation ^** , 1 per 10 ares
500kg untreated area ... The number of damaged trees was small, and it was known that when not treated, the severely affected area would die or be close to it.

* Soil fungicide, an emergency measure against Zone B, which was recommended by a guidance organization such as agriculture, etc. ** Made mainly from sawdust and rice bran, which are widely used for mushroom cultivation Cultivated oyster mushrooms on the medium and harvested after the fruiting body [Target varieties] Tsugaru [Test method] From April to May, the waste medium ^* of 20kg in the damaged trees was used to grow the beech shimeji mushrooms into trees of about 20 years old. 3-5
Fertilized in bags. The amount of chemical fertilizer ^** was reduced by half, and 3 bags x 20 kg per 300 tsubo was introduced.

* Same as Bunashimeji waste medium in Example 2. ** BB Fruit Tree No. 2 (N: 14%, P: 6%, K: 8)
%, Manufactured by Nagano Keizairen) The results are shown in the following table.

[0043]

[Table 4]

As is clear from the above table, in the A section, the crested scab is suppressed and the tree vigor is recovering, while in the B section, there is little change, and the effect is particularly recognized for the moderate and severe cases. Did not. Further, in the C section, the waste medium containing sawdust showed a harmful effect, and the leaves of the moderately and mildly diseased trees turned yellow during the test period.

Example 5 (Test for fertilizing effect of tomato) [Test object] Tomato cultivated in the open field [Category] The cultivation area was 300 m ² and 100 m ² each of A,
It was roughly divided into three wards, B and C. [Application material and application amount] Section A: 300 kg of the product of Example 2, Section B: Minori compost (compost made from bark and cow dung, manufactured by Fujimi Industries) 300 kg Section C: 300 kg of minori compost and vegetable conversion (N : 9%,
(P: 12%, K: 55%, for BB-vegetables, manufactured by Nagano Prefectural Economic Union) [Test method] The above applied materials were put into the soil of each ward in April, and tomatoes were planted. Cultivated as usual. The results are as follows.

[0046]

[Table 5]

It is apparent from the above table that the fertilizer effect in the section A without using the chemical fertilizer was far superior to that in the section C using the chemical fertilizer.

Example 6 A household compost container (diameter 50c) provided on the outdoor ground
garbage generated at home at a height of 80 m) and Example 1
The fermented product obtained in was packed alternately as follows. The garbage was layered about 20 cm thick, and a handful of fermented products were evenly sprayed on the garbage. This was repeated to cover the top surface with the fermented material.

When left with the lid closed, the garbage was decomposed without generating any offensive odor, and a small amount of compost was obtained.

Example 7 The fermented product obtained in Example 1 was added to and mixed with 10% of the material used in Example 1, and the same operation as in Example 1 was carried out. The temperature of the mixture was 50 ° C on the second day and 6 on the third day due to the heat of fermentation.
The temperature rose to 0 ° C or higher, and reached 65 ° C or higher in one week. By turning the mixture once every three days, the temperature was maintained at 65 ° C. or higher for 68 days, and dropped to 40 ° C. on the 92nd day to complete the fermentation.

The same test as described above was conducted for Example 2, and similar results were obtained.

Example 8 A household toilet (200 kg) after 1 kg of the fermented product of Example 1 was collected.
1 volume). After 10 to 20 minutes, the odor disappeared.

Example 9 The fermented product of Example 2 was used with a grease trap being used in a restaurant kitchen where the oil began to float on the water surface in the trap one week after regular suction washing. It was sprayed on the water surface at a rate of 500 g per 1 m ² . After a few minutes, the bad smell disappeared and the decomposition of the fixed fats and oils started, and the same spraying was continued once or twice every month. After three months, the traps had no oil and fat accumulated therein and became beautiful.

[0054]

According to the present invention, fermentation of organic waste provides a fermented product useful as a soil modifying fertilizer, a deodorant, and a cleaning agent, and the cost and pollution associated with the disposal of organic waste. Problem can be avoided.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI B01D 53/81 C05F 7/00 301Z C05F 3/00 9/04 5/00 C11D 7/42 7/00 301 C02F 11/02 9 / 04 B01D 53/34 ZAB C11D 7/42 116B // C02F 11/02 (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B09B 3/00 A61L 9/01 B01D 53/34 B01D 53/38 B01D 53/81 C05F 3/00 C11D 7/42

Claims (11)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method wherein crushed or crushed corn cob is mixed with organic waste, the mixture is aerobically fermented at an elevated temperature, and the fermentation is continued until the fermented material turns black and fermentation stops. Organic waste treatment. 2. Specific gravity of compressed corn cob of 0.4 to 0.1.
8. A crushed product obtained by crushing the compressed product of No. 8 is used.
The processing method described. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the organic waste is agricultural, livestock or food industry waste. 4. A method wherein crushed or crushed corn cob is mixed with organic waste, the mixture is subjected to aerobic fermentation at an elevated temperature, and the fermentation is performed until the fermented material turns black and fermentation stops. Production method of fermented products. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the organic waste is agricultural, livestock or food industry waste. 6. The production method according to claim 4, wherein the temperature of the mixture is raised by fermentation heat. 7. The compressed corn cob has a specific gravity of 0.4 to 0.1.
8. A crushed product obtained by crushing the compressed product of No. 8 is used.
Production method as described. 8. The water content of the mixture is adjusted to 55 to 65% by using a crushed corn cob having a water content of 45% or less,
The method according to claim 4, wherein water is evaporated by fermentation heat to obtain a fermented product having a water content of 40% or less. 9. A soil improvement fertilizer obtained by aerobically fermenting a mixture of crushed or crushed corn cob and organic waste at an elevated temperature to blacken the mixture. 10. A deodorant obtained by aerobically fermenting a mixture of ground or crushed corn cob and organic waste at an elevated temperature to turn black. 11. A cleaning agent obtained by aerobically fermenting a mixture of ground or crushed corn cob and organic waste at an elevated temperature to turn black.