JP5177169B2 - Brick structure of coke oven furnace wall - Google Patents

Description

  In the furnace wall bricks of the carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber flue among the refractories constituting the coke oven, the present invention prevents thermal cracking and suppresses deformation to realize a long life of the furnace wall. , Relates to brickwork structure of carbonization chamber and flue furnace wall brick.

  First, an outline of a coke oven will be described with reference to FIG. In the figure, 1 is a carbonization chamber, 2 is a combustion chamber, 3 is a heat storage chamber, and 4 is a carbonization chamber wall made of silica brick. Several dozens of carbonization chambers 1 are installed in the furnace group direction 5. During operation, coal is charged into the carbonization chamber 1, air or gas heated from the heat storage chamber 3 is sent to the combustion chamber 2 and combusted there, and the high-temperature combustion chamber 2 passes through the carbonization chamber wall 4. Thus, the coal in the carbonizing chamber 1 is indirectly heated to dry-distill the coal.

  FIG. 2 shows a typical brick wall state of the furnace wall. 2 (a) and 2 (b) show plan views of the furnace wall bricks. In (a) and (b), the furnace wall bricks are alternately arranged in the furnace height direction 7 (even or odd stages). A front view is shown in FIG. 8 is a combustion chamber flue, and a plurality of them are arranged in the furnace length direction 6. Reference numeral 9 denotes a Royfer portion which is a partition wall between the carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber flue, and 12 denotes a binder portion which is a partition wall between the combustion chamber flues. The Royfer unit 9 is composed of a Royfer brick 11 (usually called a hammer brick due to its shape) having an intersection of a Royfer brick 10 between the carbonization chamber 1 and the combustion chamber flue 8 and a brick 13 of the binder 12. The intersecting portion is not necessarily a hammer shape as indicated by a circle 14 in FIG.

  FIG. 3 shows a detailed view of a general brick-laying structure constituting each stage. Reference numeral 10 denotes a leufer brick, 13 a binder brick, and 11 a leufer brick having a binder brick 13 and an intersection 15. The mating surface of the bricks and bricks is called a joint, and is usually composed of upper and lower joint joints 16 and vertical joints 17, and each joint has an uneven fitting part (a dowel part) 18 to increase the brick structure strength. At the same time, it works to improve the sealing performance. In addition, as shown in FIG. 2 (c), the furnace wall bricks are stacked vertically so that the vertical joints are alternately shifted in each step in order to avoid the vertical joints continuing in the furnace height direction 7. It is a general method to pile up continuously. A broken line in FIG. 2C indicates the position of the binder brick 13.

  Regarding the wall of the coke oven, the heat stress induced by uneven heating during construction and surface temperature difference during operation, etc., coal expansion pressure during coal dry distillation, side pressure during coke extrusion, etc. It must have sufficient strength and a sufficient margin for buckling. Further, the coke oven is dry distillation by indirect heating through a single wall, and the airtightness between adjacent combustion chamber flues as well as between the combustion chamber flues and the carbonization chambers is important. Therefore, the single brick constituting the coke oven wall is required to have a shape strong against these thermal deformations and external forces, and to obtain airtightness and good thermal conductivity by the combination of the bricks.

  Next, the cause of damage to the coke oven brick will be described below. Coke oven damage is divided into (1) longitudinal through cracks in the height direction of the Royfer section, (2) deformation of the furnace wall, (3) cracking / breaking of bricks, and (4) deterioration of brick material.

  First, (1) the longitudinal through crack in the direction of the height of the Royfer furnace will be described. FIG.4 (b) shows the example of the vertical penetration crack seen in a Royfer brick. Usually, as shown in (a), the Royfer bricks are formed by alternately stacking bricks 19 having joints and bricks 20 having no joints in the flue portion of the combustion chamber in the height direction. In this state, when the heat load due to the operation is repeated, the joints 21 of the bricks 19 having joints in the roy fur part are opened and adjacent to the upper and lower parts of the joint part by the following mechanism, as shown in (b). A crack 22 is generated in the brick 20, and finally cracks and joint openings are alternately generated in the height direction, resulting in a penetrating crack.

  FIG. 5 shows the mechanism of crack initiation. The solid line in the figure indicates the brick 19 with joints in the loyer part, and the broken line in the figure indicates the brick 20 without joints in the loyer part. In the state where there is no coal in the carbonization chamber, the entire brick becomes high temperature due to heat conduction from the high temperature gas in the combustion chamber, and the stress in the longitudinal direction is usually compressive stress 23, starting from the joint portion of the binder portion toward the carbonization chamber side. Attempts to cause the squeeze deformation 25. When coal is charged into the carbonization chamber in this state, the carbonization chamber surface causes a temperature drop of several hundred degrees Celsius or more. At this time, the stress state on the surface of the carbonization chamber becomes a tensile stress 24, and the brick at the joint has an opening around the joint and tries to cause deformation 26.

  However, there are no joints in the upper and lower bricks 20 of the brick 19 with joints, and the vicinity of the joints is affected by the joint opening and receives a large shearing force. FIG. 6 shows tensile stress distributions 28 and 30 and shear stress 29 generated in the upper and lower bricks. The brick surface is considerably rough when viewed microscopically, and there are fine irregularities that can become crack initiation points. Therefore, the joints in the vicinity of the bricks immediately above and below the joints receive a large shear stress in addition to the above-described tensile stress. It is uncertain where the crack will enter first in the vertical direction, but once it enters one place, the shear force is further increased and propagates to the next stage of the cracked brick. It becomes a crack penetrating in the height direction.

  It should be noted that the vicinity 27 of the Loyfer brick having an intersection with the binder brick usually has a plurality of joints, and the Loyfer bricks are deformed into pivots, and the joints tend to close. It has also been proven that crack propagation does not occur much.

Next, (2) furnace wall deformation will be described.
FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining furnace wall deformation. In the figure, 8 indicates each flue of the combustion chamber, and a plurality of gates are arranged in the furnace length direction 6. Reference numeral 9 denotes a Royfer brick, and 12 denotes a binder brick. The coke oven wall receives a large lateral pressure 32 due to coke extrusion (31 is the extrusion orientation), clogging, and coal expansion pressure during coal carbonization. As a result, the furnace wall undergoes an overhanging deformation such as 33. Since the carbonization chamber is on both sides of the combustion chamber flue, the deformation is alternately received in the direction 33 and 34 in the furnace stage direction 5. Although joints exist in bricks, they are usually constrained by dowels, so they retain the rigidity against side pressure.However, when the above vertical cracks occur, the rigidity decreases and the center of the coking chamber surface is depressed. Cause unnatural deformation. If the furnace wall is deformed when coke is extruded, the flow of coke near the wall is hindered, so the extrusion resistance increases, and in the worst case, clogging occurs. The clogging further promotes the deformation of the furnace, causing a vicious circle that increases the lateral pressure. When this frequency increases, the furnace cannot be used. Moreover, as carbon penetrates into joints and cracks and accumulates, the amount of residual deformation gradually increases, which also contributes to a vicious circle.

Next, (3) Brick cracks / holes will be described.
The brick is usually a rectangular parallelepiped, but when the deformation of the furnace wall increases, the brick corners come into contact with each other to cause a brick crack called a corner chip 35 as shown in FIG. When the corner chipping occurs, the rotation constraint of the brick accompanying the deformation is weakened. As a result, the rigidity of the furnace wall is lowered and the deformation is promoted. In addition, although clogging has a relatively large effect on the entire surface of the carbonization chamber, the load concentrates when there is local concentrated load, or when there is local brick damage such as longitudinal through cracks or dowel cracks. May lead to puncture.

  Next, (4) brick material deterioration and others will be described. Silica brick is usually used as the brick, but it deteriorates due to its use over time at high temperatures, and the original strength of the material decreases. In addition, since the surface is always subjected to friction by coal or coke or spalling due to repeated high to low temperatures at the time of coal charging, the surface properties gradually deteriorate. These cause the above-mentioned various damages such as crack initiation, resistance during extrusion, and acceleration of deformation, and contribute to a vicious circle.

  On the other hand, among the refractories that make up the coke oven, in the furnace wall bricks of the carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber flue, to prevent thermal cracking and to suppress deformation, to realize a longer life of the furnace wall There are the following technologies related to the brickwork structure of furnace wall bricks.

  Patent Document 1 (FIG. 17) attempts to increase the overall strength by dispersing the force applied to the furnace wall by arranging small bricks. However, joints are concentrated in the vicinity of the small brick and the rotation constraint of the brick is weak, so that if the Royfer brick is cracked for some reason, the overall rigidity is lowered.

  In both Patent Document 2 (FIG. 18) and Patent Document 3 (FIG. 19), the purpose is to reduce the wall thickness, but basically it is intended to increase the rigidity of the furnace wall. In these cases, joints are concentrated in the vicinity of the small brick and the rotational constraint of the brick is weak, so that if the Royfer brick is cracked for some reason, the overall rigidity is lowered.

  Patent document 4 (FIG. 20) is intended to prevent the brick from thermal cracking by the combined use of the deformation restraint of the brick in the longitudinal direction of the furnace of the carbonization chamber and the sliding surface. In this method, a sliding surface is set in the vertical stacking. However, depending on the condition of the brick surface, the sliding does not occur sufficiently, and as a result, there is a high possibility that the joint starts.

  Patent Document 5 (FIG. 21) attempts to increase the strength by making the carbonization chamber bricks into a polygonal shape, but due to the structural complexity, there is a problem in the joint portion with the binder bricks in particular, which is difficult to realize. I think that the.

  Patent Document 6 (FIG. 22) is basically intended to reduce the types of bricks, but also aims to increase the strength. However, the problem of cracking due to the structure having joints in the Royfer part. It is not a solution.

  Utility model document 1 (FIG. 23) defines the thickness of the Royfer brick wall, but there is a device for improving the strength at the joint position of the brick, and utility model document 2 (FIG. 24) Although it is in the form of a thin wall, it basically tries to increase the rigidity of the furnace wall. In any case, joints concentrate in the vicinity of the small brick, and the rotation constraint of the brick is weak, so that if the Royfer brick is cracked for some reason, the overall rigidity is lowered.

  In addition to the above, the brick structure presented in the SCOPE21 next-generation coke manufacturing technology development promoted as a national project by the Japan Iron and Steel Federation has a structural design that takes into account the prevention of thermal cracks. (FIG. 25) Although this method is a preferred direction for thermal cracking, the brick thickness of the royfer part is thin, and thus thermal deformation is large, which may cause problems in maintaining surface rigidity over a long period of time. There is material improvement as another method for realizing the long life, but it is omitted because it is different from the present invention. The patents and utility model documents cited above are shown below.

JP-A-52-22761 JP 54-157102 A JP 54-157103 A JP 58-222182 A JP-A-7-292366 JP-A-9-506909 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 52-115651 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-4050

In order to break the vicious circle described above and realize a long-life coke oven wall, the following may be performed.
(1) In order to avoid a thermal initial crack, a structure that does not set a joint that can be a starting point of the crack in the royfer portion is adopted.
(2) A structure that can maintain the rigidity of the furnace wall over a long period of time and a structure that does not generate a vicious cycle of increase in side pressure and deformation of the furnace wall.
(3) It is difficult to completely stop the occurrence of thermal cracks. Therefore, even if a crack occurs, the structure does not cause a decrease in rigidity.

  Accordingly, the present invention realizes a coke oven wall having a long life by satisfying the above conditions (1) to (3). In order to avoid thermal initial cracks, the joint that can be a starting point of cracks is reduced to Royfer. A structure that is not set in the part, maintains the rigidity of the furnace wall for a long time, does not generate a vicious cycle of increased side pressure and furnace wall deformation, and realizes a structure that does not cause a decrease in rigidity even if a thermal crack occurs. With the goal.

In the present invention, in the oven wall brickwork structure of the coke oven having a binder wall is a partition wall of the stretcher wall and the combustion chamber flues between a partition wall between the carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber, at both ends thereof and a part of the stretcher wall has a brick portion of binder wall are integrated, the integral brick is installed further in relation to the opposite side of the point symmetry to a portion facing the coking chamber, the bricks in Binder moiety the integrated Binder bricks that are connected to each other are arranged, and the integrated brick and the binder brick constitute a ring-like brick unit, and the brick unit is installed on each flue of the combustion chamber one by one. In addition, the Royfer brick has a joint that is a vertical joint surface only in an extension line of the binder brick.

  According to the present invention, since there is no joint in the royfer part that can be the starting point of thermal cracks, the occurrence of thermal cracks is suppressed, and the integration of the binder and royfer bricks significantly improves the furnace wall rigidity, and further thermal cracks are generated. Even if it does, the rigidity with respect to a side pressure can be maintained. As a result, for the coke oven wall, the pressure generated by thermal stress induced by uneven heating during construction and surface temperature difference during operation, coal expansion pressure during coal carbonization, side pressure during coke extrusion, etc. On the other hand, it has sufficient strength and a sufficient margin for buckling. In addition, the coke oven is dry distillation by indirect heating through a single wall, and the airtightness between adjacent combustion chamber flues as well as between the combustion chamber and the carbonization chamber is important. The single brick constituting the coke oven wall according to the present invention has a shape strong against these thermal deformations and external forces, and airtightness and good thermal conductivity can be obtained by the combination of the bricks.

It is a longitudinal section showing an outline of a general coke oven. It is a figure showing the condition of the brickwork of a general coke oven. It is a figure showing the condition of the brickwork of the carbonization chamber of a general coke oven. It is a figure showing a vertical penetration crack. It is a figure showing the mechanism of a vertical penetration crack generation. It is a stress figure explaining FIG. It is a figure showing a furnace wall deformation. It is a figure showing a brick corner chip. It is a figure showing this invention. It is a figure showing the case where brick height is changed by this invention. FIG. 10 is a stress distribution diagram illustrating FIG. 9. It is a figure showing another form of the present invention. It is a figure showing another form of the present invention. It is a figure showing another form of a prior art. It is a figure showing the mechanism of rigidity improvement of this invention. It is a figure which shows the Example of this invention. It is a figure explaining Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 52-22761 of patent document 1. FIG. It is a figure explaining Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 54-157102 of patent document 2. FIG. It is a figure explaining Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 54-157103 of patent document 3. FIG. It is a figure explaining Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 58-222182 of patent document 4. FIG. It is a figure explaining Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 7-292366 of patent document 5. FIG. It is a figure explaining Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 9-506909 of patent document 6. FIG. It is a figure explaining utility model publication 52-115651 gazette of utility model literature 1. FIG. It is a figure explaining utility model 6-4050 gazette of the utility model literature 2. FIG. It is a figure showing the furnace wall structure of SCOPE21.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of a brick building structure of a coke oven furnace wall to which the present invention is applied will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 9 shows the basic structure of bricks and brickwork according to the present invention.

  (A) is a plan view of even-numbered stages, (b) is a plan view of odd-numbered stages, and (c) is a front view as viewed from the coking chamber side. The even and odd stages may be interchanged. 8 indicates the combustion chamber flue, and 1 indicates the space of the carbonization chamber. As shown in (a), a brick 36 facing the carbonizing chamber 1 and sandwiching the combustion chamber flue 8 and having a binder portion 37 and 38 in the furnace length direction and a royfer portion 39 as an integral structure is considered. As a result, there is no hammer brick. It is assumed that the brick 40 is installed in a point-symmetrical relationship in the portion facing the opposite carbonization chamber. Brick portions 41 and 42 that connect the bricks 36 and 40 are disposed in the binder portion. Thereby, a ring-shaped brick unit is comprised by 4 bricks of the bricks 36,40,41,42. The brick units are installed one by one in one ful of the combustion chamber, and are connected by a cuboid leufer brick 43 between them.

  In general, since it is handled by humans at the time of building, it is required that the height direction is about 150 mm and the weight of the brick alone is about 15 kg at the maximum because of the limitation in brick manufacturing. The brick of this structure becomes heavier than the conventional one. In order to avoid this, the height can be reduced by about 2/3 of the conventional level. However, this does not apply when handling is performed using auxiliary heavy machinery. FIG. 10 shows an example in which the height of the brick is lowered.

  According to this structure, first, since there is no joint in the Royfer part, it is possible to avoid thermal cracks caused by the actual joint opening. In addition, since the binder part and the royfer part have an integrated structure, the rigidity is very high even with respect to a side pressure and a partial concentrated load. In addition, the ring-like brick unit composed of four bricks 36, 40, 41, and 42 in FIG. 9A is spatially staggered as shown in FIGS. 9C, 10 and 15C. Due to the arrangement (described later), the rigidity of the entire furnace wall is extremely high. As a result, it is possible to maintain a flat surface against the side pressure at the time of coke extrusion or clogging, and a structure in which a vicious circle of deformation and increase of the side pressure hardly occurs.

  FIG. 11 shows a stress state in the case where there is no joint in the loyer part according to the present invention. The stress state in the case where there is a joint in the Royfer portion is as shown in FIG. When there are joints in the royfer part, as shown in FIG. 6, a large tensile stress peak occurs in the upper and lower bricks in contact with the joint, and the shear force between the upper and lower bricks overlaps with the peak part of the tensile stress. Thus, the possibility of cracking is increased. On the other hand, when there is no joint, as shown in FIG. 11, the peak tensile stress seen in FIG. 6 does not stand, and the peak of the shear stress does not stand. Although the tensile stress is high over the entire length of the Royfer brick, the peak is low as compared to the case with joints.

  FIG. 12 shows a diagram of a reference embodiment of the structure according to the invention. (A) is a plan view of even stages, and (b) is a plan view of odd stages. The even and odd stages may be interchanged. 8 indicates the combustion chamber flue, and 1 indicates the space of the carbonization chamber. As shown in 44 of (a), a brick that faces the carbonization chamber 1 and has a binder portion 45 in the furnace length direction and a royfer portion 46 as an integral structure is considered. In this case, as a result, there is no hammer brick. The brick is also installed in a point-symmetrical relationship in the part facing the opposite carbonization chamber 1 (47). Bricks 48 and 49 in the form of connecting the bricks 46 and 47 are arranged in the binder portion. In the case of the structure shown in FIG. 12, all the royfer parts are constituted by bricks 44.

  FIG. 13 shows a diagram of a further reference embodiment of the structure according to the invention. (A) is a plan view of even stages, and (b) is a plan view of odd stages. The even and odd stages may be interchanged. 8 indicates the combustion chamber flue, and 1 indicates the space of the carbonization chamber. As shown in (a), consider a brick 50 that faces the carbonization chamber 1 and has a binder portion 51 and a royfer portion 52 in the furnace length direction as an integral structure. In this case, as a result, there is no hammer brick. The brick is also placed in a point-symmetric relationship on the opposite side facing the carbonization chamber 1 (53). Since there is no brick in the form of connecting the bricks 50 and 53 in the binder portion, the overall rigidity is further increased.

  In addition, according to the structure shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, first, since the Royfer portion does not have joints, it is possible to avoid thermal cracks caused by actual joint opening. In addition, since the binder part and the royfer part have an integrated structure, the rigidity is very high even with respect to a side pressure and a partial concentrated load. However, since the binder bricks on both sides of the combustion chamber flue as shown in FIG. 9 are not included, the rigidity decreases with respect to the side pressure and concentrated load. However, since all the brick walls of the carbonization chamber have the same structure, they have a relatively high strength. In addition, the weight of the brick alone is slightly reduced, and handling becomes easy.

  Further, FIG. 14 shows a diagram of a reference form of the prior art. (A) is a plan view of even stages, and (b) is a plan view of odd stages. The even and odd stages may be interchanged. 8 indicates the combustion chamber flue, and 1 indicates the space of the carbonization chamber. In this structure, a ring-shaped brick unit composed of four bricks 39, 40, 41, and 42 in FIG. 9A is integrated, and the Royfer parts 54 and 55 and the binder parts 56 and 57 are integrated into a single brick 58. Is. It is the maximum in strength. However, since the weight becomes so heavy that it cannot be handled by humans, it is necessary to carry out brickwork using special heavy equipment.

  In the structure according to the present invention, the structure shown in FIG. 9 is made up of bricks 39 and 40 in which a part of the Binder brick and the Loyfer brick are integrated, and the binder bricks 41 and 42 in the form of connecting the bricks 39 and 40. As shown in FIG. 15, a very strong ring-shaped brick structure 59 is formed, and the ring-shaped brick structure 59 is spatially arranged in a staggered manner together with the Royfer brick 43. The entire furnace wall has the effect of greatly increasing rigidity. This effect is also applicable to the structures of the other forms shown in FIGS. 12, 13, and 14. In particular, the structure integrated in the ring shape of FIG. 14 exhibits the maximum rigidity.

  The brick with the structure shown in FIG. 9 was used as an alternative to the broken brick when repairing a partially damaged coke oven. FIG. 16 shows the dimensions adopted. By adopting the brick of this structure, deformation of the repaired coke brick wall is suppressed, clogging does not occur, and there is no occurrence of thermal cracks penetrating in the height direction, and it has passed smoothly. We were able to extend the repair period.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Carbonization chamber 2 Combustion chamber 3 Heat storage chamber 4 Carbonization chamber wall 5 Furnace direction 6 Furnace length direction 7 Furnace height direction 8 Combustion chamber flue 9 Royfer part 10 Royfer brick 11 Crossing part of Royfer brick and Binder brick (hammer brick)
12 Binder part 13 Binder brick 14 Crossing part 15 between Royfer brick and Binder brick 15 Vertical joint part 16 between Royfer brick and Binder brick Vertical joint part 17 Vertical joint part 18 between Loyfer brick
19 Brick with joints in the Royfer part 20 Brick without joints in the Royfer part 21 Joint opening part 22 Crack part 23 Compressive stress 24 Tensile stress 25 Extrusion deformation to the carbonization chamber 26 Joint opening deformation 27 Loyfer brick joint behavior near the binder part 28 Furnace length stress of bricks without joints in the Royfer part 29 Shear stress between upper and lower bricks 30 Furnace length direction stress of bricks with joints in the Royfer part 31 Extrusion force and its direction 32 Side pressure 33 Overhang deformation 34 Overhang deformation in the direction of the furnace group (opposite to 33)
35 Brick part 37 Binder part 38 Binder part 39 Royfer part 40 Brick part 41 that faces the coking chamber on the opposite side 41 Brick part 36 Binder brick 42 for connecting 40 Binder brick 43 for connecting bricks 36 and 40 Royfer brick 44 installed between the bricks 36 and 36 Brick part 45 and a brick part 45 and a loyer part 46 Binder part 46 Royfer part 47 Brick 48 point-symmetric with brick 44 and facing opposite carbonization chamber 48 Binder brick 49 connecting bricks 44 and 47 Binder brick 50 connecting bricks 44 and 47 Binder unit 51 and Bricker unit 52 51 Binder part 52 Royfer part 53 Brick 5 which is point-symmetric with brick 50 and faces the opposite carbonization chamber 4 Royfer part 55 Royfer part 56 Binder part 57 Binder part 58 Brick 59 which integrates bricks 54, 55, 56, 57 59 Brick 39, 40 and ring structure which consists of binder brick 41, 42 which connects these

Claims (1)

In oven wall brickwork structure of the coke oven having a binder wall is a partition wall of the stretcher wall and the combustion chamber flues between a partition wall between the carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber,
It has a brick with a part of the Royfer part and a part of the binder part integrated at both ends,
The integrated brick is further installed in a point-symmetrical relationship on the part facing the opposite carbonization chamber,
Binder bricks form of connecting the bricks that said integrated is disposed in the Binder section,
A ring-shaped brick unit is constituted by the integrated brick and the binder brick,
The brick unit is installed one by one on one flue of the combustion chamber,
A brick structure of a coke oven furnace wall characterized by being connected by a cuboid royfer brick between them and having a joint that is a vertical joint surface only in the extension line of the binder brick.

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