JP5177065B2 - Steel pipe pile and its construction method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention, like foundation of port structures or bridges basic building, relates steel pipe piles and construction method used Te civil engineering and construction fields smell.

Conventionally, it is a friction pile that expects the frictional force of the outer peripheral surface of the pile, and as a means to increase the peripheral frictional force of the pile, the outer peripheral surface of the pile tip is a tapered outer peripheral surface, or the outer peripheral surface of the entire pile length is It is known to have a tapered outer peripheral surface (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
It is also known that tapered piles having a tapered outer peripheral surface are driven into a lattice shape and the ground surface layer portion is compacted to prevent liquefaction (see, for example, Patent Document 3).
It is also known to allow a tapered pile to penetrate into the ground in order to remove the negative circumferential frictional force (see, for example, Patent Document 4).

  In addition, a closed-end pile in which a conical cone is provided at the tip of the pile to close the tip and a tapered outer peripheral surface is also known (see, for example, Patent Document 5).

  The conventional tapered pile is aimed at obtaining a high frictional force on the circumferential surface of the pile, and is a technique aimed at obtaining a pile tip supporting force and reducing a tip clogging which becomes a resistance during pile construction. Absent.

  In addition, in order to embed cast-in-place reinforced concrete piles and prefabricated concrete piles, it is also known to use a casing having a tapered outer peripheral surface and a tapered inner peripheral surface on the tip side (see, for example, Patent Documents 6 and 7). .

  The conventional casing having a tapered outer peripheral surface and a tapered inner peripheral surface is intended to increase pile peripheral friction force to increase pile vertical load supporting force and reduce excavation residual soil. It is not intended to reduce the resistance at the time of pile construction, but is not intended to reduce the resistance at the time of pile construction.

By the way, the steel pipe pile includes a closed-end pile whose tip is closed and an open-end pile whose tip is open, and the present invention belongs to an open-end pile whose tip is open.
In addition, the steel pile piles are not driven into the support layer, but the frictional pile that mainly exerts the peripheral friction force and expects the support force, and the support pile is driven into the support layer at the tip of the pile. There is a support pile that expects a support force, and the present invention belongs to a support pile that expects a support force by driving a steel pipe pile into a support layer to exert a support force at the tip of the pile.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-3465 JP 2007-327280 A JP 2008-190116 A JP-A-57-81526 JP-A-8-284160 JP 2008-2977752 A JP 2005-248439 A

When a pile is penetrated into the ground by rotary press-fitting, the resistance of the closed soil in the pipe increases as the depth of penetration increases, so a high indentation force and rotational force are required. Here, the pushing force refers to the force applied to push the pile down in the penetration direction. Moreover, rotational force refers to the force applied in order to turn a pile.
A reaction force is required to secure the pushing force for rotary press-fitting of the pile. To ensure the reaction force, install a counterweight or provide an anchor etc. on the rotary press-fitting machine. However, these transportation costs, work costs, material costs, etc. are required, and the construction cost of piles will increase. Moreover, if the reaction force increases, the rotary press-fitting construction machine will also increase in capacity and size, which will further increase the pile construction cost.
Furthermore, in order to acquire the propulsive force of the pile, when attaching a jig such as a spiral wing or blade for propulsion to the pile, in addition to processing costs and mounting costs and material costs, in construction of soft ground, Conversely, the construction speed is limited by the spacing between the spiral blades or blades, leading to a reduction in construction speed.
In addition, there is a method of securely closing the tip of the pre-built pile after the pre-made pile penetrates the support layer, in order to obtain higher support force, but for that purpose, after completely removing the soil at the tip of the pile, It was necessary to cast concrete or to inject cement milk into the pile tip to create a solidified part.

In addition, in an open-ended pile with a bit that has a tip open and a drilling bit provided at the tip of the pile, soil flows into and accumulates in the pipe with the amount of penetration during rotary press-fitting, and the pile tip This increases the degree of blockage and causes resistance during press-fitting piles. The blockage of the tip of the pile is caused by friction between the material (soil) constituting the ground such as sand, clay, and stone that has flowed into the pipe and the inner peripheral surface of the inside of the pile.
In particular, a problem that occurs during pile rotary press-in construction is the pushing force that pushes the pile in the direction of penetration into the ground, and this is the reaction force that is usually applied to piles and construction machinery during pile rotary press-in construction. Since it is obtained by its own weight, in order to increase the reaction force, many weights are required, which is uneconomical. The force in the rotation direction can be obtained by applying the reaction force to another heavy machine with a rod-shaped jig or the like for obtaining the reaction force.
Therefore, when constructing piles by rotary press-fitting, if the pushing force for pushing the piles into the underground penetration direction can be reduced, the construction cost per pile can be reduced, and many This is important for dramatically reducing the total construction cost of piles that are press-fitted into the panel.
An object of this invention is to provide the steel pipe pile and its construction method which eliminated the said subject advantageously.

Steel pipe pile of the first invention, the tip is a hollow steel pipe that has opened, the distal end portion of the steel pipe pile, tapered outer circumferential surface outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface toward the tip is gradually reduced in diameter, respectively And a taper-shaped inner peripheral surface and a ratio (D2 / D1) of the outer diameter (D2) of the tip of the tapered portion and the pile outer diameter (D1) of the steady portion where the outer diameter of the steel pipe pile is constant. When the diameter ratio is 0.9, the ratio (H1 / D1) of the length (H1) and (D1) of the tapered portion in the pile longitudinal direction is 0.3 to 5.5, and the steel pipe pile It is characterized by having a drill bit at the tip of the.
The steel pipe pile of the second invention is the steel pipe pile of the first invention. The excavation bit at the tip of the steel pipe pile is separated from the center in the radial direction of the steel pipe pile from the outer peripheral surface of the steady portion where the outer diameter of the steel pipe pile is constant. It is arranged at a position.
The steel pipe pile of the third invention is characterized in that, in the steel pipe pile of the first invention or the second invention, a pointed portion sharpened toward the excavation direction is provided at the tip of the steel pipe pile.
Construction method for steel pipe pile of the fourth invention, characterized by press-fitting the several Re one of the steel pipe pile in the first to third aspects of the invention, the ground by rotating the press-fitting method for imparting a rotational force and pushing force to the steel pipe pile And
Construction method for steel pipe pile of the fifth invention, in the construction method of the steel pipe pile of the fourth aspect of the present invention, what Re one of the steel pipe pile in the first to third aspects of the invention, the rotating pressed into the ground comprising a rigid foundation Features.
The construction method of the steel pipe pile of the sixth invention is the construction method of the steel pipe pile of the fourth invention or the fifth invention, in the middle of construction, while rotating the steel pipe pile in the ground or without adding rotation, or those It is characterized by lowering the height of the soil in the steel pipe pile by moving up and down while combining.

According to 1st invention, it is a hollow steel pipe pile which the front-end | tip opened, Comprising: The taper-shaped outer peripheral surface and taper to which the outer peripheral surface and an internal peripheral surface are gradually diameter-reduced toward the front-end | tip part at the front-end | tip part of the said steel pipe pile, respectively. Reduction ratio, which is the ratio (D2 / D1) of the outer diameter (D2) of the tip of the tapered portion and the outer diameter (D1) of the steady portion where the outer diameter of the steel pipe pile is constant. Is 0.9, and the ratio (H1 / D1) of the length (H1) and (D1) in the pile longitudinal direction of the tapered portion is 0.3 to 5.5. Compared to straight steel pipe piles, it is possible to improve the workability by reducing the resistance due to friction on the inner peripheral surface of the pile, and in the support layer, it can exhibit a high bearing capacity with a small penetration amount An effect is obtained. Moreover, since the excavation bit is provided at the tip of the steel pipe pile, the tapered portion can reduce resistance due to friction on the inner peripheral surface of the pile, thereby improving workability. Since the projected area of the bottom surface of the pile increases and resists the ground, a high supporting force can be easily obtained. In addition, deep support layers with high confining pressure on the ground and hard rock formations can bear high compressive loads in the area of the projected area of the bottom surface of the taper-shaped part, so they exhibit higher bearing capacity than ordinary straight open-ended piles. be able to. Normally, in order to close the pile tip with a driven pile or the like, it is necessary to penetrate the pile into the support layer more than a certain amount, but in the steel pipe pile with a tapered portion at the tip of the present invention, even if the penetration amount is small, the bearing capacity Can be obtained, and the construction time can be shortened.
According to the second invention, in the steel pipe pile of the first invention, the excavation bit at the tip of the steel pipe pile is located away from the center in the radial direction of the steel pipe pile from the outer peripheral surface of the steady portion where the outer diameter of the steel pipe pile is constant. Because it is arranged, compared to straight steel pipe piles, the planar outer diameter of the rotary press-fit steel pipe piles can be reduced, the amount of excavation is reduced and the workability is improved as the outer diameter of the excavation becomes smaller The effect that can be obtained.
According to the 3rd invention, in the steel pipe pile of the 1st invention or the 2nd invention, since the sharp part sharpened toward the excavation direction was provided in the steel pipe pile tip, it is possible to construct efficiently while excavating the tip ground. The effect which can be set as the possible steel pipe pile is acquired.
According to the fourth invention, the steel pipe piles of the first to third inventions are press-fitted into the ground by a rotary press-fitting method that applies rotational force and indentation force to the steel pipe pile, so that the tip part has a tapered part and an excavation bit. Steel pipe piles can be used to reduce the construction cost, and even when the amount of penetration into the support layer is small compared to straight piles, foundation piles with high bearing capacity are easy to construct and low The effect that it can construct at cost is acquired.
According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, what Re one of the steel pipe pile in the first to third aspects of the invention, since the rotating pressed into the ground comprising a rigid foundation, even ground, including a hard ground, be applied by a low-cost In addition, when penetrating into the support layer of hard ground, it is possible to construct foundation piles with high support force even if the amount of penetration into the support layer is small compared to straight piles. Is obtained.
According to the sixth invention, in the steel pipe pile construction method of the fourth or fifth invention, the height of the soil in the steel pipe pile is lowered by moving the steel pipe pile up and down in the ground during the construction. The effect that it can construct efficiently, reducing the pipe inner peripheral surface friction is acquired.

The steel pipe pile with a front-end | tip taper-shaped part of 1st Embodiment of this invention is shown, Comprising: (a) is a front view, (b) is a longitudinal front view, (c) is aa sectional drawing, (d ) Is a bb arrow view of (b). The steel pipe pile with a front-end | tip taper-shaped part of 2nd Embodiment of this invention is shown, Comprising: (a) is a front view, (b) is a longitudinal front view, (c) is cc cross section of (b). FIG. 4D is a sectional view taken along line dd in FIG. It is a front view which shows the state which is carrying out the rotation press-fitting of the steel pipe pile with a front-end | tip taper-shaped part of this invention to the ground with the rotation press-fitting construction machine. It is explanatory drawing which shows the flow of the soil in the case of carrying out rotation press-fitting to the ground using the steel pipe pile with a front-end | tip taper-shaped part of this invention. It is a vertical front view which shows the state which rotationally press-fitted the steel pipe pile with a front-end | tip taper-shaped part of this invention to a support layer. It is a longitudinal front view which shows the relationship between the press-fit depth at the time of press-fitting the steel pipe pile with a front-end | tip taper-shaped part of this invention to a support layer, the height of pipe | tube soil, and the dimension of a front-end | tip taper part vicinity. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the pushing force per block | closed cross-sectional area of a pile, and the ratio of the penetration amount with respect to a pile diameter about the steel pipe pile with a front-end | tip taper-shaped part of this invention, and the straight pile as a comparative example. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the ratio of the tip settlement amount with respect to a pile diameter, and the tip load degree of a pile about the steel pipe pile with a front-end | tip taper-shaped part of this invention, and the straight pile as a comparative example. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the ratio of the length of a taper-shaped part with respect to an outer diameter of a pile, the required indentation force ratio which is a ratio of the necessary indentation force of a steel pipe pile with a tip taper-shaped part, and the indentation force of a straight pile. . It is a graph which shows the relationship between the diameter reduction rate (D2 / D1) of a taper-shaped part, and a required pushing force ratio. It shows resistance of a pile tip part, and (a) is a longitudinal front view showing a case of a straight pile of a comparative example, (b) is a longitudinal front view showing a case of a steel pipe pile with a tip tapered part of the present invention. FIG. The steel pipe pile with a front-end | tip taper-shaped part of 3rd Embodiment of this invention is shown, Comprising: (a) is a front view, (b) is a longitudinal front view, (c) is ee cross section of (b). (D) is a ff arrow line view of (b). The steel pipe pile as a comparative example is shown, Comprising: (a) is a front view, (b) is a longitudinal front view, (c) is gg sectional drawing of (b).

    Next, the present invention will be described in detail based on the illustrated embodiment.

  1 (a) to 1 (d) show a steel pipe pile 1 with a tapered end portion according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

  A steel pipe pile 1 with a tapered end portion according to the present invention is a steel pipe pile that has been opened by a rotary press-fitting method, and has a tapered portion 4 at its distal end. A tapered outer peripheral surface 2 and a tapered inner peripheral surface 3 are provided on the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface of the tapered portion 4, respectively, which are gradually reduced in diameter in the pile longitudinal direction toward the tip. In addition, a plurality of excavation bits 6 are provided at the tip of the tapered portion 4 at equal angular intervals in the circumferential direction. When a plurality of even-numbered excavation bits 6 are provided, they are arranged symmetrically, and when a plurality of odd-numbered excavation bits 6 are provided, they are provided at equiangular intervals. The excavation bit 6 is fixed to the tip of the steel pipe pile via a holder part as appropriate.

  As described above, when the excavation bit 6 is provided at the tip of the steel pipe pile 1 with a tapered portion at the tip, even if the ground is hard, in the rotary press-in construction method, the rotary press-fitting machine 7 as shown in FIG. While excavating the tip ground using a pile construction machine equipped with a leader for driving, the steel pipe pile 1 with the tip tapered portion is ground, particularly, as shown in FIG. 5, a support layer 8 made of hard ground. It can be penetrated while drilling.

  In the illustrated form, a drill bit 6 is provided at the tip of the tapered portion 4, and the drill bit 6 at the tip of the steel pipe pile is formed from the outer peripheral surface 9 of the steady part where the outer diameter of the steel pipe pile 1 is constant. Since it is arranged at a position away from the center in the radial direction, compared to the case where the excavation bit 6 is provided at the tip of the straight steel pipe pile 10 as shown in FIG. The diameter dimension can be made small and compact, and when a plurality of steel pipe piles are loaded in multiple stages and transported by truck, the excavation bit 6 does not interfere with the adjacent steel pipe piles, so there is no need to interpose a spacer or the like. The excavation bit 6 can be loaded in a stable state as compared with the case where the excavation bit 6 is provided at the tip of the straight steel pipe pile 10 as shown in FIG. By pile radius direction It is possible to eliminate the risk of disturbing the outer ground larger.

  In the present invention, the hard ground means a rock, and the rock is divided into a soft rock base (compressive strength to less than 25 MPa) and a hard rock base (compressive strength: 25 MPa or more). The steel pipe pile 1 with a tapered portion can be applied to any rock mass.

  As the cross-sectional form of the tapered outer peripheral surface 2 and the tapered inner peripheral surface 3 in the pile longitudinal direction, the outer side and the inner side may be linear as shown in the figure as a cross-sectional form on one side in the pile longitudinal direction. Although not shown, a curved shape may be used. As the cross-sectional form of the taper outer peripheral surface 2 and the taper inner peripheral surface 3 in the pile longitudinal direction, the pile central axis may be convex outwardly in the radial direction from the top of the pile central axis (concave inward in the radial direction). It may be convex inward in the radial direction from above (concave toward the outer side in the radial direction).

As described above, by providing the tapered portion 4 whose diameter is reduced at the tip of the pile, as shown by the arrow in FIG. 4, the soil actively flows to the outside of the pile and flows into the pipe. It becomes possible to reduce soil, and by reducing the opening area of the tip of the pile, it becomes possible to reduce the soil flowing into the pipe, thereby suppressing the occurrence of blockage of the pile tip by the soil in the pipe, Friction between the pipe soil and pile inner peripheral surface is reduced, and the pile pushing force can be reduced.

  By providing the tapered portion 4 at the tip of the pile, the resistance of the soil acting on the tapered outer peripheral surface 3 is increased, but the increase in friction on the peripheral surface of the pile is suppressed by adopting a method of rotational press-fitting. It also takes advantage of what is possible.

  The reduction ratio, which is the ratio of the outer diameter D2 at the tip of the tapered portion 4 and the pile outer diameter D1 of the steady portion where the outer diameter of the steel pipe pile is constant, is small, and the pile length direction (axial direction) of the tapered portion 4 is small. If the ratio (H1 / D1) between the length H1 and the pile outer diameter D1 of the stationary part having a constant outer diameter becomes too small [in other words, if the taper angle θ (°) of the tapered portion 4 becomes too large. In the embodiment, since the resistance due to the surface pressure acting on the tapered portion 4 is increased during the rotary press-fitting construction and there is a risk of causing a construction failure, in the embodiment, it is preferable to limit these ratios within a predetermined range. This makes it possible to achieve a good rotational press fit workability. In the present invention, the length H1 of the tapered portion 4 in the pile longitudinal direction (same as the pile axis direction), the outer diameter D2 of the tip of the tapered portion 4 and the outer portion of the steady portion having a constant outer diameter. There is a relationship of tan θ = (D1−D2) / 2H1 between the diameter D1 and the taper angle θ. Further, at the time of construction, the tapered portion 4 has a movement in which the rotation direction and the vertical penetration direction are combined with the ground, and also has a pile penetration direction and a taper angle θ. The effect of simultaneously exerting the compressive force and pushing the ground sideways is exhibited, the ground can be efficiently disturbed, and the resistance during construction of the tapered portion 4 is small.

Providing the tapered portion 4 increases the projected area of the bottom surface of the pile, so that when the taper portion 4 is penetrated, a certain support force can be obtained by the tapered portion 4. In order to secure a supporting force with an open-ended pile having an open end, a reliable supporting force can be exhibited even if the in-tube blockage is insufficient. Since a high compressive load can be borne at the portion of the bottom surface projected area of the tapered portion 4, a higher supporting force can be exhibited than when a normal straight open-ended pile is inserted by rotational press-fitting.
Furthermore, in hard ground with sufficient ground restraint pressure, the steel pipe pile 1 with a tapered tip will surely exhibit a high bearing capacity, and a straight steel pipe pile with the closed end will be inserted by rotary press-fitting. Higher support can be expected than if
When the steel pipe pile 1 with the tip tapered portion is rotationally press-fitted, the steel pipe pile 1 with the tip tapered portion is repeatedly moved up and down in the ground during the construction, Since the soil in the pipe falls below the pipe and the soil that has fallen down is pushed out of the pipe, the height of the soil in the pipe can be lowered, and the contact between the steel pipe pile inner peripheral surface 12 and the pipe inner soil 14 The construction load can be reduced by reducing the friction with the pipe inner soil 14 by reducing the surface.

In the present invention, the ratio (H1 / D1) between the length H1 of the tapered portion 4 in the pile longitudinal direction and the outer diameter D1 of the stationary part having a constant outer diameter is set to 0.3 to 5.5. That is, H1 / D1 is set to 0.3 to 5.5.
Further, the reduction ratio (D2 / D1), which is the ratio (D2 / D1) between the outer diameter D2 of the tip of the tapered portion and the pile outer diameter D1 of the steady portion where the outer diameter of the steel pipe pile is constant, is 0.60. The diameter is reduced to an outer diameter D2 in a range of ˜0.95.

The reason why H1 / D1 is set to 0.3 to 5.5 as described above and the reason why the outer diameter D2 of the tip of the tapered portion 4 of the steel pipe pile 1 with the tip tapered portion is set is shown in FIGS. Will be described with reference to FIG.
First, with reference to FIG. 9, when the diameter reduction ratio (D2 / D1) is set to 0.9, the length H1 of the tapered portion 4 in the pile longitudinal direction and the stationary part having a constant outer diameter are described. The relationship between the ratio (H1 / D1) of the pile outer diameter D1 and the required pushing force ratio (the ratio between the necessary pushing force of the steel pipe pile 1 with a tapered end portion and the necessary pushing force of the straight steel pipe pile 10) It is the graph investigated by experiment.
The specifications of the steel pipe pile 1 with a tapered portion at the end used in the experiment are that the outer diameter (D1) of the stationary portion is 100 mm, the thickness (t) of the steel pipe portion is 4.2 mm, and the tapered portion 4 The outer diameter (D2) of the tip is 90 mm. Further, the outer diameter (D1) of the straight steel pipe pile 10 having a constant outer diameter (D1) over the entire length and the wall thickness (t) of the steel pipe portion are the same as those of the steel pipe pile 1 with the tip tapered portion. .

From FIG. 9, when H1 / D1 is 0.3, the necessary pushing force ratio is 0.9, and when H1 / D1 is 0.4, the necessary pushing force ratio is 0.6. It can be seen that when H1 / D1 is 1.35, the required pushing force ratio is 0.6, and when H1 / D1 is 5.5, the necessary pushing force ratio is 0.90. From this, when the ratio (H1 / D1) between the length H1 of the tapered portion 4 in the pile longitudinal direction and the outer diameter D1 of the stationary portion having a constant outer diameter is 0.3 to 5.5, that is, When H1 / D1 is 0.3 to 5.5, the required pushing force ratio is 0.9 or less, and the steel pipe pile 1 with a tapered portion at the tip of the present invention is at least as compared with the straight steel pipe pile 10. It can be seen that the required pushing force can be reduced by 10%.
Moreover, when H1 / D1 is 0.40 to 1.35, the required pushing force ratio is 0.6 or less, and the steel pipe pile 1 with a tapered portion at the tip of the present invention is compared with the straight steel pipe pile 10. It can be seen that the required pushing force can be reduced by 40%.

  FIG. 10 shows a curve obtained by plotting experimental values. This figure shows the ratio between the outer diameter D2 of the steel pipe pile tip and the pile outer diameter D1 of the stationary part where the outer diameter of the steel pipe pile is constant. It is the graph which took a certain diameter reduction ratio (D2 / D1) on the horizontal axis, investigated the required indentation force ratio by experiment, and compared about the steel pipe pile 1 with a taper-shaped part of various diameter reduction ratios.

As shown in FIG. 10, when the diameter reduction ratio (D2 / D1) is 0.60, the necessary pushing force ratio is 0.9, and when the diameter reduction ratio (D2 / D1) is 0.75, the necessary pushing force is obtained. When the force ratio is 0.6 and the diameter reduction ratio (D2 / D1) is 0.92, the necessary pushing force ratio is 0.60, and when the diameter reduction ratio (D2 / D1) is 0.95, It can be seen that the necessary pushing force ratio is 0.90.
From these downwardly convex graphs shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, the necessary pushing force ratio is reduced to 0.90 or less when the diameter reduction ratio (D2 / D1) is in the range of 0.60 to 0.95. The indentation force can be reduced by at least 10%, and the required indentation force ratio is 0.60 or less when the diameter reduction ratio (D2 / D1) is in the range of 0.75 to 0.92. It can be seen that it can be reduced by 40%.
Accordingly, it is preferable that H1 / D1 is set to 0.3 to 5.5 and the diameter reduction ratio (D2 / D1) is set to 0.60 to 0.95, and more preferably, H1 / D1 is set to 0.3 to 5. And the diameter reduction ratio (D2 / D1) is preferably in the range of 0.75 to 0.92.

When the pushing force ratio is reduced to 0.9 or less, the counter weight (weight) can be greatly reduced. For example, the necessary pushing force 86 t (tons), the reaction force weight 66 t (tons), and the weight 20 t of the rotary press fitting machine. In the case of the rotary press-fitting construction equipment of (tons), if the required pushing force can be reduced by 10%, it can be reduced by 8.6 t (tons), and the counterweight can be reduced by 13%.
Further, as shown in FIG. 9, it can be seen that if H1 / D1 is 0.40 to 1.35, the necessary pushing force ratio can be reduced to 0.6 or less, and the counterweight can be further reduced. Thus, when the required pushing force ratio is set to 0.6 or less, it is particularly desirable because the rotary press-fitting machine can be rotary press-fitted with a small rotary press-fitting machine one step below.

A resistance reduction mechanism when the steel pipe pile 1 with a tapered portion at the tip of the present invention is rotationally press-fitted into the ground will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11.
In the straight steel pipe pile 10 in FIG. 11 (a) and the steel pipe pile 1 with the tip tapered in FIG. 11 (b), a and a ′ are resistances at the tip closing portion, b is resistance at the tip outer peripheral surface, and b ′ is When resistance due to the tapered portion and c and c ′ are resistance due to outer peripheral surface friction, τ is resistance due to the soil in the pipe.
In such a case, since a = τ in FIG. 11A, H1 / D1 is reduced (in other words, the taper angle (θ) of the tapered portion 4 is increased as shown in FIG. 11B). ), The resistance b ′ due to the tapered portion increases, and in FIG. 11B, when the diameter reduction ratio of the tapered portion 4 is increased, the resistance a ′ at the tip closing portion decreases. However, the resistance b ′ due to the tapered portion is increased, and in the diagram of FIG. 10, the horizontal portion (in the range of about 70% to 80% in terms of the diameter reduction ratio) is the effect of increase or decrease of these resistances. Therefore, the range is balanced.

FIG. 2 shows a steel pipe pile 1 with a tapered end portion according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
In this embodiment, H1 / D1 of the tapered portion 4 of the steel pipe pile 1 with a tapered portion at the tip is made larger (the taper angle (θ) is made smaller) than that in the above embodiment, and the other configuration is the first configuration. This is the same as the embodiment. Such a form may be used in the present invention. In addition, the same code | symbol was attached | subjected to the part similar to the said embodiment.

  When practicing the present invention, like the steel pipe pile 1 with the tapered end portion of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 12, the tip of the tapered portion is interposed between the excavation bits 6 shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 12, the tapered portion 5 may be provided with a sharp portion 5 sharpened in the excavation direction at the tip of the tapered portion. Or although illustration is abbreviate | omitted, you may make it provide the sharp part 5 sharpened toward the excavation direction which served as the excavation bit 6. FIG.

The sharp portion 5 sharpened in the excavation direction may be the sharp portion 5 sharpened in the excavation direction. In the case described above, a portion sharpened in the pile circumferential direction may be provided.
If the pointed portion 5 sharpened in the excavation direction is provided at the tip of the tapered portion as in these forms, even if the ground is hard, the excavation bit 6 and the pointed portion 5 or the tip of the steel pipe pile With the sharpened portion 5 also serving as the excavating bit 6, the steel pipe pile can be penetrated into the ground while destroying or excavating the tip portion ground at the time of pile driving construction.

When constructing the steel pipe pile 1 with the tip tapered portion of the present invention as described above, it may be press-fitted into the ground by a rotary press-fitting method that applies rotational force and pushing force to the steel pipe pile as in the past. When the rotary press-fitting construction machine 7 as shown in FIG. 3 grips the peripheral side surface of the steel pipe pile 1 with a tapered portion at the tip and performs rotary press-fitting construction, the conventional steel pipe pile 10, that is, the outer diameter D1 of the steel pipe pile and Compared with the case where a straight steel pipe pile 10 having the same wall thickness t is constructed, the steel pipe pile 1 with a tapered end portion according to the present invention has a penetration amount per pushing force shown in FIG. It turns out that it is excellent at the point of a load degree (kN / m < ² >).

To explain further, FIG. 7 shows the pushing force (kN) per closed cross-sectional area of the pile, which is the construction load at the time of construction using the pile with the outer diameter D2 at the tip of the pile diameter D1 and the tapered portion 4 as shown in FIG. / M ² ) −penetration amount / pile diameter (H2 / D1) relationship is shown, and compared with a straight steel pipe pile (indicated as a straight pile in FIG. 7), the steel pipe pile with a tapered end portion of the present invention 1 shows that the penetration amount is large. In addition, the code | symbol 14 is in-pipe soil and the code | symbol 15 is the ground.
Further, FIG. 8 shows a tip load degree (kN / m ² ) − when a static load is applied after rotating and press-fitting a steel pipe by three times the pile diameter D1 in hard ground. The relationship between tip sinking amount / pile diameter (D1) is shown, and the steel pipe pile 1 with the tip tapered portion of the present invention has a large tip load degree and a high supporting force as compared with a straight pile. I understand.

  When constructing the steel pipe pile 1 with the tip tapered portion of the present invention, the steel layer pile 1 may be penetrated to the support layer under the soft ground or may be rotationally pressed into the ground including the hard ground.

In addition, when constructing the steel pipe pile 1 with the tip tapered portion of the present invention, by moving the steel pipe pile 1 with the tip tapered portion up and down in the ground during the construction, the soil (in the pipe) If the height of the soil is lowered, the adhesion area between the pipe soil in the steel pipe pile and the inner peripheral surface 12 of the steel pipe pile is reduced, so that the resistance is reduced by that amount, reducing the burden on the construction machine, and efficiency. Can be constructed well.
In addition, as a means to move up and down the steel pipe pile 1 with the tip tapered portion, a hydraulic type or the like in the rotary press fitting machine 7 with the steel pipe pile 1 with the tip tapered portion held by the rotary press fitting machine 7 is used. When the telescopic jack 13 is expanded and contracted, the steel pipe pile 1 with the tip tapered portion can be easily moved up and down.

As a manufacturing method of the steel pipe main body part of the steel pipe pile 1 which has a taper-shaped part in the front-end | tip part of this invention, even if it manufactures the front-end | tip part of one steel pipe so that a taper-shaped part may be formed by cold bending forming. Alternatively, it may be manufactured so as to form a tapered portion by cold press molding, or a fan-shaped strip steel plate is processed into a cold bending taper shape and both side edges are joined by welding to A tapered short pipe with the same outer diameter as the steel pipe to which the diameter portion is to be connected is manufactured, and the upper end of the tapered short pipe is fixed to the tip of one steel pipe by welding to form a tapered portion. You may manufacture the steel pipe pile main body which has. Moreover, you may manufacture the steel pipe pile main body which has a taper-shaped part in a front-end | tip part by plastic-processing the front-end | tip part of one steel pipe. The steel pipe pile 1 with the tip tapered portion may be manufactured by fixing the holder having the excavation bit 6 to the tapered portion 4 of various forms.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Steel pipe pile with a tapered part 2 Tapered outer peripheral surface 3 Tapered inner peripheral surface 4 Tapered part 5 Pointed part 6 Drilling bit 7 Rotary press fitting machine 8 Support layer 9 Pile outer peripheral surface 10 with constant outer diameter D1 Steel pipe pile 11 sand (or soil)
12 Steel pipe pile inner peripheral surface 13 Telescopic jack 14 Pipe soil 15 Ground

Claims (6)

A hollow steel pipe pile with an open end,
At the distal end portion of the steel pipe pile, the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface gradually decrease in diameter toward the distal end, respectively, and have a tapered outer peripheral surface and a tapered inner peripheral surface.
When the diameter reduction ratio, which is the ratio (D2 / D1) between the outer diameter (D2) of the tip of the tapered portion and the pile outer diameter (D1) of the steady portion where the outer diameter of the steel pipe pile is constant, is 0.9 Then, the ratio (H1 / D1) of the length (H1) and (D1) in the pile longitudinal direction of the tapered portion is 0.3 to 5.5,
A steel pipe pile comprising a drill bit at the tip of the steel pipe pile.   The excavation bit at the tip of the steel pipe pile is arranged at a position away from the center in the radial direction of the steel pipe pile from the outer peripheral surface of the steady portion where the outer diameter of the steel pipe pile is constant. Steel pipe pile. The steel pipe pile according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein a pointed portion sharpened toward the excavation direction is provided at the tip of the steel pipe pile. A construction method for a steel pipe pile, wherein the steel pipe pile according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is press-fitted into the ground by a rotary press-fitting method for imparting rotational force and pushing force to the steel pipe pile. The steel pipe pile according to any one of claims 1 to 3 the construction method of the steel pipe pile according to claim 4, characterized in that the rotating press-fitted into the ground comprising a hard ground. During construction, the height of the soil in the steel pipe pile is lowered by rotating it up and down while rotating the steel pipe pile in the ground or without adding rotation or combining them. The construction method of the steel pipe pile of Claim 4 or 5 .

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