JP5175185B2 - 予防殺菌性インプラント - Google Patents
予防殺菌性インプラント Download PDFInfo
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- JP5175185B2 JP5175185B2 JP2008519693A JP2008519693A JP5175185B2 JP 5175185 B2 JP5175185 B2 JP 5175185B2 JP 2008519693 A JP2008519693 A JP 2008519693A JP 2008519693 A JP2008519693 A JP 2008519693A JP 5175185 B2 JP5175185 B2 JP 5175185B2
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- metal component
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- implant system
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Landscapes
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- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
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- Public Health (AREA)
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- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
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Description
内部キャビティは、例えばヒンジによってインプラント本体に取り付けることができ又は完全に取り外し可能なキャップを用いて閉鎖できる開口部を有する。
長さ約10ミリメートル、幅約5ミリメートルの内部キャビティ及び本明細書において説明したようにこの内部キャビティの開口部を閉鎖するキャップを有するよう設計されたデピュイ・エーエムエル・ヒップ・システム(DePuy AML Hip System)に類似した股関節置換人工器官を得ることによりインプラント本体の一実施形態を製造する。インプラント本体の関節面をマスクで覆い、残りの外面を厚さ約1ミクロンの銀金属でコーティングする。電池、抵抗器及びスイッチを内部キャビティ内に嵌まるよう選択する。インプラント本体の外面に隣接した内部キャビティ壁の一部分も又、電池の+端子に隣接した深さまで銀金属でコーティングする。絶縁体を、短絡が回避されるように位置決めする。
抗菌性金属組成を突き止める手順は、ありふれたグラム陽性菌、グラム陰性菌、真菌種又は他の微生物のパネルを用いて各金属の潜在的抗菌性の試験、即ち、カーバイ・バウアー(Kirby Bauer)寒天ゲル拡散法を基にして改造した方法を含み、8種類の金属、即ち、銀、銅、チタン、金、カドミウム、ニッケル、亜鉛及びステンレス鋼AISI316L及びこれらの電気的に生じたイオン形態を、一般に骨髄炎と関連した5種類の細菌種及び1種類の真菌について試験する。
〔有効抗菌性金属の特性決定〕
抗菌性効果を達成するパラメータの特性を把握するために「殺菌曲線分析」を実施するのが良い。発育(増殖)培地で確立された所定数のコロニー形成ユニット/ml(CFU/ml)を生理食塩水に移送し、次に抗菌性金属又は金属形態に暴露させる。所定の時間間隔を置いて、アリコートを取り出し、希釈し(必要ならば)、血液寒天平板上に接種し、37℃で一晩かけて培養する。その結果得られた成長をCFU/mlとして定量化した。X軸に時間、Y軸にCFU/mlを取ったグラフ図は、抗菌性効果と微生物の個体数増加が交差する点を示している。抗菌性効果に必要な金属の密度は、微生物の個体数が減少し始める時点を吟味することによって決定できる。
〔抗菌性金属の重要な動作パラメータの最適化〕
特定の金属又は金属形態の抗菌性は、実験パラメータに改変が行われると、互いに異なる。「殺菌曲線分析」からのデータを用いると、重要なパラメータは、最適な抗菌性効果を生じさせるよう定められ、次に、金属が組み込まれる用途の特性に対してバランスさせるのが良い。
〔生体内評価〕
本発明の器具インプラントと関連した骨髄炎の効果の評価についてラットモデルをこの実施例で説明する。このモデルは、ルッケ等(Lucke et al.)2003(この文献を参照されたい)に記載されているように感染を促進するよう細菌接種物を用いている。慢性骨髄炎の患者から単離され、ラットに骨感染を引き起こすことが示された(ソルバーグ(Solberg)1999)黄色ブドウ球菌の亜種であるブドウ球菌ローゼンバッハ(Rosenbach)(ATCC#49230)をこの操作でモデルグラム陽性有機体として利用した。先に試験した臨床的大腸菌単離物は、モデルグラム陰性有機体として役立つ。
本発明に従って外面に銀が施された股関節インプラントを導通状態にして銀イオンを発生させる。導通状態のインプラントをグラム陰性菌、大腸菌を培養した寒天中に植え込む。この標本を37℃に置き、接種後、種々の時点で観察する。インプラント周りの「殺菌ゾーン」を観察する。グラム陽性菌及び真菌に関する同様な実験を行い、その結果についても、殺菌ゾーンを観察する。
本発明に従って外面に銅が施された股関節インプラントを導通状態にして銅イオンを発生させる。導通状態のインプラントをグラム陽性菌、MRSAを培養した寒天中に植え込む。この標本を37℃に置き、接種後種々の時点で観察する。インプラントの周りの「殺菌ゾーン」を観察する。
本発明に従って外面に銅及び銀が施された股関節インプラントを導通状態にして銅イオン及び銀イオンを発生させる。導通状態のインプラントをグラム陰性菌、グラム陽性菌、大腸菌及びMRSAを培養した寒天中に植え込む。この標本を37℃に置き、接種後種々の時点で観察する。インプラントの周りのグラム陰性菌とグラム陽性菌の両方に関する「殺菌ゾーン」を観察する。同様な実験において、真菌、カンジダアルビカンを用いて媒質を接種し、これ又、導通状態のインプラントにより抑制する。
本発明に従って外面にカドミウム、銅及び銀が施された股関節インプラントを導通状態にして銅イオン及び銀イオンを発生させる。導通状態のインプラントをグラム陰性菌、グラム陽性菌、大腸菌及びMRSA並びにカンジダアルビカンを含む多種類の微生物有機体を培養した寒天中に植え込む。この標本を37℃に置き、接種後種々の時点で観察する。インプラントの周りの全ての微生物有機体に関する「殺菌ゾーン」を観察する。
Claims (28)
- 医用インプラントシステムであって、
生体適合性材料で作られ、外面を有するインプラント本体と、
前記インプラント本体の外面上に設けられた抗菌性金属を含む金属コンポーネントと、
第1の端子及び第2の端子を備えた電源と、を有し、前記端子のうち一方は、前記金属コンポーネントと電気的連絡状態にあり、
更に、前記電源の第1の端子と前記電源の第2の端子との間の電流路中に配置された絶縁体を有し、前記絶縁体は、植え込み時、前記インプラントシステムの外面に隣接して位置する導電性体組織又は体液を含む回路を構成することなしに前記第1の端子から流れる電流が前記第2の端子に到達するのを阻止する、医用インプラントシステム。 - 医用インプラントシステムであって、
生体適合性材料で作られたインプラント本体を有し、前記インプラント本体は、第1の外面を備えた第1の要素及び第2の外面を備えた第2の要素を有し、
更に、前記インプラント本体の第1の外面上に配置された抗菌性金属を含む第1の金属コンポーネントと、
第1の端子及び第2の端子を備えた電源と、を有し、前記第1の端子は、前記第1の金属コンポーネントと電気的連絡状態にあり、
更に、前記電源の第1の端子と前記電源の第2の端子との間の電流路中に配置された絶縁体を有し、前記絶縁体は、植え込み時、前記インプラントシステムの外面に隣接して位置する導電性体組織又は体液を含む回路を構成することなしに前記第1の端子から流れる電流が前記第2の端子に到達するのを阻止する、医用インプラントシステム。 - 医用インプラントシステムであって、
生体適合性材料で作られたインプラント本体を有し、前記インプラント本体は、第1の外面と、内部キャビティを備えた主要本体部分とを有し、前記内部キャビティは、壁及び開口部を備え、前記インプラント本体は、前記内部キャビティの開口部内に取り外し可能に配置されたキャップ部分を有し、前記キャップ部分は、第2の外面を有し、
更に、前記主要本体部分の第1の外面の上に配置された抗菌性金属含有コーティングと、
内部キャビティ内に設けられた電源と、を有し、前記電源は、第1の端子及び第2の端子を有し、前記第1の端子は、前記抗菌性金属含有コーティングと電気的連絡状態にあり、
更に、前記電源の前記第1の端子と前記電源の前記第2の端子との間の電流路中に配置された絶縁体を有し、前記絶縁体は、植え込み時、前記インプラントシステムの外面に隣接して位置する導電性体組織又は体液を含む回路を構成することなしに前記第1の端子から流れる電流が前記第2の端子に到達するのを阻止する、医用インプラントシステム。 - 医用インプラントシステムであって、
少なくとも2つの整形外科固定具を支持する支持構造体を有し、前記支持構造体は、前記少なくとも2つの整形外科固定具を支持体に固着させ、
更に、前記支持構造体によって支持され且つ第1の外面を有する第1の整形外科固定具と、
前記支持構造体によって支持され且つ第2の外面を有する第2の整形外科固定具と、
前記第1の固定具の第1の外面上に配置された抗菌性金属を含む第1の金属コンポーネントと、
第1の端子及び第2の端子を備えた電源と、を有し、前記第1の端子は、前記第1の金属コンポーネントと電気的連絡状態にあり、
更に、前記電源の前記第1の端子と前記電源の前記第2の端子との間の電流路中に配置された絶縁体と、を有し、前記絶縁体は、植え込み時、前記インプラントシステムの外面に隣接して位置する導電性体組織又は体液を含む回路を構成することなしに前記第1の端子から流れる電流が前記第2の端子に到達するのを阻止する、医用インプラントシステム。 - 前記インプラント本体は、壁及び開口部を備えた内部キャビティと、前記内部キャビティの開口部内に取り外し可能に配置されたキャップと、を有し、
前記電源は、前記内部キャビティ内に収納される、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の医用インプラントシステム。 - 使用中、全体が人体内に配置される、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の医用インプラントシステム。
- 更に、前記内部キャビティの壁の一部分の上に配置された金属コンポーネントを有する、請求項5に記載の医用インプラントシステム。
- 前記金属コンポーネントは、銀、銅、銀と銅の両方、銀とカドミウムの両方、銅とカドミウムの両方、銀、銅及びカドミウムの組合せから成る群から選択された金属を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の医用インプラントシステム。
- 前記金属コンポーネントは、金、亜鉛、コバルト、ニッケル、白金、パラジウム、マンガン、クロム及びこれらの組合せから成る群から選択された金属から成る、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の医用インプラントシステム。
- 前記金属コンポーネントは、前記インプラント本体の外面に配置されたコーティングである、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の医用インプラントシステム。
- 前記金属コーティングの厚さは、1×10-9〜5×10-3メートルである、請求項10に記載の医用インプラントシステム。
- 前記金属コーティングは、前記絶縁体によって占められる前記インプラント本体の外面の部分を除き、前記インプラント本体の外面の1%〜100%にわたって前記インプラント本体の外面の一部分の上に配置される、請求項10に記載の医用インプラントシステム。
- 前記金属コーティングは、前記インプラント本体の外面の50%〜99%にわたって前記インプラント本体の外面の一部分の上に配置される、請求項10に記載の医用インプラントシステム。
- 前記金属コーティングは、前記インプラント本体の外面上のコーティングの2つ又は3つ以上の領域として配置され、前記コーティングの少なくとも1つの領域は、前記第1の端子と電気的連絡状態にあり、前記コーティングの少なくとも1つの領域は、前記第2の端子と電気的連絡状態にあり、
前記絶縁体は、前記電源の第1の端子と前記電源の第2の端子との間の前記電流路中に配置され、前記コーティングの2つ又は3つ以上の領域を電気的に互いに絶縁する、請求項10に記載の医用インプラントシステム。 - 前記インプラント本体は、コーティングがない関節面を有する、請求項10に記載の医用インプラントシステム。
- 前記金属コンポーネントは、前記外面上に設けられたワイヤの形態をなす、請求項10に記載の医用インプラントシステム。
- 前記金属コンポーネントは、前記生体適合性材料よりも導電率が高い、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の医用インプラントシステム。
- 更に、前記電源と電気的連絡状態にある抵抗器を有する、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の医用インプラントシステム。
- 更に、前記電源と電気的連絡状態にあるスイッチを有する、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の医用インプラントシステム。
- 更に、前記スイッチと信号を介して連絡状態にある制御装置を有する、請求項19に記載の医用インプラントシステム。
- 前記内部キャビティの壁と接触状態にある前記キャップの少なくとも一部分は、前記絶縁体の少なくとも一部分を形成する、請求項5に記載の医用インプラントシステム。
- 前記制御装置は、前記インプラント本体が植え込まれた個人の体の外部に位置する、請求項20に記載の医用インプラントシステム。
- 前記インプラント本体は、関節置換用インプラント本体、固定器具、スペーサ及びこれらの組合せから成る群から選択される、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の医用インプラントシステム。
- 更に、前記第2の外面上に設けられた抗菌性金属を含む第2の金属コンポーネントを有し、前記第2の端子は、前記第2の金属コンポーネントと電気的連絡状態にあり、
前記絶縁体は、前記第1の金属コンポーネントを前記第2の金属コンポーネントから絶縁する、請求項2〜4のいずれか1項に記載の医用インプラントシステム。 - 前記第1の金属コンポーネント、前記第2の金属コンポーネント、又は前記第1の金属コンポーネントと前記第2の金属コンポーネントの両方は、金属含有コーティングである、請求項2〜4及び24のいずれか1項に記載の医用インプラントシステム。
- 更に、前記内部キャビティの壁の一部分上に配置された電気導体を有する、請求項5に記載の医用インプラントシステム。
- 前記内部キャビティの壁と接触状態にある前記キャップの一部分は、電気的絶縁材料で作られ、前記電気的絶縁材料は、植え込み時、前記インプラントシステムの外面に隣接して位置する導電性体組織又は体液を含む回路を構成することなしに前記第1の端子から流れる電流が前記第2の端子に到達するのを阻止する、請求項5に記載の医用インプラントシステム。
- 前記キャップは、突出部分を有し、
前記内部キャビティは、ねじ山付き表面を有し、
前記絶縁体は、ねじ山インサートを有し、
前記キャップの前記突出部分は、前記ねじ山インサートと相互作用して雄型コネクタを形成し、前記内部キャビティの前記ねじ山付き表面と前記雄型コネクタの往復動相互作用を可能にする、請求項3に記載の医用インプラントシステム。
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WO2017150542A1 (ja) | 2016-02-29 | 2017-09-08 | メドトロニックソファモアダネック株式会社 | 抗菌性生体内埋込用器具 |
WO2017150535A1 (ja) * | 2016-02-29 | 2017-09-08 | メドトロニックソファモアダネック株式会社 | 抗菌性生体内埋込用器具用セットスクリュー |
WO2017150532A1 (ja) * | 2016-02-29 | 2017-09-08 | メドトロニックソファモアダネック株式会社 | 抗菌性生体内埋込用器具 |
JPWO2017150535A1 (ja) * | 2016-02-29 | 2019-01-24 | メドトロニックソファモアダネック株式会社 | 抗菌性生体内埋込用器具用セットスクリュー |
JPWO2017150532A1 (ja) * | 2016-02-29 | 2019-02-14 | メドトロニックソファモアダネック株式会社 | 抗菌性生体内埋込用器具 |
JPWO2017150542A1 (ja) * | 2016-02-29 | 2019-02-14 | メドトロニックソファモアダネック株式会社 | 抗菌性生体内埋込用器具 |
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US20150182645A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
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US9008770B2 (en) | 2015-04-14 |
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US20120316655A1 (en) | 2012-12-13 |
CA2613121C (en) | 2014-01-28 |
WO2007005842A2 (en) | 2007-01-11 |
US8135466B2 (en) | 2012-03-13 |
US20100100188A1 (en) | 2010-04-22 |
MX2007016598A (es) | 2008-03-07 |
US8620431B2 (en) | 2013-12-31 |
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