JP5173558B2 - Manufacturing method of MIG welded joint of steel and aluminum - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a steel material and an MIG aluminum material (Metal Inert Gas) welding fittings production how, in particular, the material is superposed plate portions of different steel and an aluminum material, MIG welding the overlapping portion It is related to the technology.

  In recent years, from the viewpoint of protecting the global environment and saving energy, there has been a demand for suppression of generation of harmful gases and carbon dioxide emitted from automobiles, improvement of fuel consumption, and the like. And in order to meet such a demand, since the weight reduction of an automobile is the most effective, in the body member and various parts, the conversion of the material from a steel material to an aluminum material is actively studied. However, it is difficult in terms of cost to make all the materials of the body members and various parts constituting the automobile into an aluminum material. For this reason, when using an aluminum material, the dissimilar metal between steel and aluminum is used. This so-called hybrid joining is inevitable, and this dissimilar metal joining is an important issue. In addition, the joining of such steel materials and aluminum materials is strongly demanded not only in the field of transport aircraft represented by automobiles as described above, but also in various fields such as home appliances, structures such as building materials, There, there is a demand for strong bonding.

  For this reason, in the joining of steel and aluminum, mechanical joining such as caulking, rivet joining, and bolt joining has been studied in order to ensure sufficient joining strength. Even if it exists, some problems are inherent in the workability | operativity of joining, the reliability of a junction part, joining cost, etc. more or less.

In addition, in melt welding methods such as arc welding, which are conventionally used for joining metal materials, a dramatic improvement in productivity can be expected. When welding materials, the heat input during welding becomes too high, and molten aluminum and steel react metallurgically, and brittle and hard intermetallic compounds (Fe ₂ Al ₅ , FeAl _3, etc.) ) Is formed thick, and cracks are easily formed therefrom, and there is a problem that a joint strength at a practical level cannot be obtained.

  By the way, Patent Documents 1 to 7 propose various methods for welding dissimilar metals such as a steel material and an aluminum material by a MIG welding method which is a kind of arc welding. However, in Patent Document 1, since a steel material and an aluminum material are directly welded by a MIG brazing method using a copper alloy or Ni alloy wire, the welding cost is increased and sufficient welding is performed. It was difficult to say that the strength was obtained, and there was room for improvement. In Patent Document 2, a flux-cored wire in which a flux containing at least cesium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, potassium fluoride, and aluminum oxide as a component is coated with an aluminum material is used as a filler material. Although the formation of the intermetallic compound layer is suppressed, the flux remains as a slag in the welded portion and remains on the surface. For this reason, it is necessary to remove the slag covering the surface, resulting in poor productivity. At the same time, the problem of high product costs is inherent.

  In Patent Documents 3 to 7, a solid wire made of an aluminum alloy is employed as a welding wire, not a brazing material or a flux-cored wire. However, in these documents, the relationship between the thickness of the aluminum material and the thickness of the steel material is not examined at all, and the steel material and the aluminum material having the same thickness are welded or a steel material thicker than the aluminum material is used. Are welded. For this reason, even if the heat input is controlled to be low, the rigidity of both materials is greatly different, and the rigidity of the aluminum material is smaller than that of the steel material. There was a possibility that stress due to thermal strain concentrated and local deformation occurred in the weld.

  Further, in Patent Documents 3 to 7, surface-treated steel materials subjected to zinc or zinc alloy plating, aluminum or aluminum alloy plating are used as steel materials, and steel materials not subjected to such surface treatment are used. The method of welding with an aluminum material by the MIG welding method is not clarified at all. For this reason, a joining method capable of ensuring a sufficient joint strength by providing a healthy joint between an aluminum material and a steel material regardless of the presence or absence of a surface treatment layer (metal coating layer) on the surface of the steel material has been strongly desired. It is.

  Under such circumstances, the present inventors superimpose the aluminum material and the steel material vertically so that the aluminum material faces upward, and when MIG welding the end surface portion of the aluminum material, the material and thickness of the aluminum material Special welding conditions that set the steel material thickness, welding wire material, diameter, welding wire centerline placement position, number of droplets per pulse, pulse frequency, etc. within a specified range By adopting, it becomes possible to control the heat input at the time of welding moderately low, thereby forming a sound joint (welded part) regardless of the presence or absence of the surface treatment layer on the steel surface The patent application was filed first (Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-47766 and Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-47767). Thus, the inventors changed the arrangement of the aluminum material and the steel material so that the steel material faces up and the end surface portion of the steel material not subjected to surface treatment (metal coating treatment) such as plating is applied first. When MIG welding was carried out under the same conditions as in the above application, it was found that a continuous bead straddling the steel material and the aluminum material could not be provided in the welded portion, and joining itself could be impossible. . Specifically, a bead cannot be formed without interruption at the end surface portion of the steel material, the bead is cut off in the middle and becomes discontinuous, and the edge portion (upper side corner portion) of the steel material is exposed or welded. It has been found that the droplets of the wire are repelled at the end face of the steel material, and a bead may not be formed on the steel material.

JP2003-2111270A JP 2003-33865 A JP 2004-223548 A JP 2006-88174 A JP 2006-116599 A JP 2006-224145 A JP 2006-224147 A

  Here, the present invention has been made in the background of such circumstances, and the problem to be solved is to superimpose a steel material and an aluminum material on top and bottom so that the steel material is on top. In the method of manufacturing a lap fillet joint of steel material and aluminum material by performing MIG welding on the end surface part of the steel, a bead straddling the steel material and the aluminum material is applied to the welded portion regardless of the presence or absence of surface treatment of the steel material end surface. An object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a steel and aluminum MIG welded joint that can be continuously formed along the end face of the steel material, and to provide a MIG welded joint formed with such a continuous bead. It is to provide.

  And, as a result of repeated diligent studies for solving such problems, the present inventors, as in the previous application in which MIG welding was performed on the end surface portion of the aluminum material with the aluminum material facing up, While controlling the heat input to be moderately low, a relational expression configured by combining the radius of the welding wire, the distance from the base point of the welding wire, the thickness of the steel material, and the welding speed is within a predetermined range. With this setting, a bead straddling the steel material and the aluminum material can be continuously formed along the end surface of the steel material in the welded portion regardless of whether or not the surface treatment of the steel material end surface is performed. As a result, the MIG welded joint of steel material and aluminum material manufactured in this way has been found to have a small penetration depth of the steel material, and the present invention has been completed.

That is, the present invention provides (i) a steel material and an aluminum material, which are superposed one above the other so that the steel material is on top, and an MIG welding operation is performed on the end surface portion of the steel material, whereby the steel material and the aluminum material. (Ii) As the steel material, the thickness: t is 0.50 to 2.0 mm, and 0.6 to 0.8 times the thickness of the aluminum material. And (iii) a welding wire made of a 4000 series or 5000 series aluminum alloy having a radius r of 0.4 to 0.8 mm, and (iv) the center line of the welding wire. However, the upper surface side corner of the end face of the steel material is defined as a base point: 0, and is positioned within a distance of 4r on the side opposite to the overlapping portion of the steel material and the aluminum material in the horizontal direction from the base point: 0. , In a state where the welding wire is arranged, (v) the welding wire is relatively moved along the end surface of the steel material so that A represented by the following formula (I) is 4.0 to 6.0. (Vi) DC welding pulse current with one pulse per droplet transfer and a pulse frequency of 0.5 to 5 times per 1 mm welding length is applied to the welding wire. A steel material and aluminum characterized in that the MIG welding operation is performed such that a short circuit to the molten pool is performed at a rate of 0.1 to 4 times per 1 mm of welding length while flowing so as to be always formed. The manufacturing method of the MIG welded joint of the material is the gist thereof.
A = L / r + (t / α) × V (I)
[In the formula, L is the base point: distance from 0 to the center line of the welding wire (mm), r is the radius (mm) of the welding wire, t is the thickness (mm) of the steel material, and α is the coefficient (= 21 mm · cm / Min), and V is the welding speed (cm / min). ]

  In addition, according to one of the preferable aspects of the manufacturing method of the MIG welded joint of the steel material and the aluminum material according to the present invention, as the steel material, mild steel, carbon steel, high-tensile steel, and stainless steel not subjected to surface treatment are used. Is used.

  Moreover, according to one of the other preferable aspects in the manufacturing method of the MIG welded joint of the steel material and aluminum material according to this invention, as said steel material, hot dip galvanized steel, alloyed hot dip galvanized steel, aluminum alloy plated steel, and Any of electrogalvanized steel is used.

  Furthermore, according to one of the desirable aspects in the manufacturing method of the MIG welded joint of the steel material and aluminum material according to this invention, the aluminum material whose tensile strength in the O material is 90 MPa or more is used.

  In addition, according to one of the other desirable aspects in the manufacturing method of the MIG welded joint of the steel material and the aluminum material according to the present invention, among the aluminum alloy materials of 5000 series, 6000 series, and 7000 series as the aluminum material. Either is used.

  Furthermore, according to one of the other preferable aspects in the manufacturing method of the MIG welded joint of the steel material and aluminum material according to this invention, the said steel material and the said aluminum material are (a) Thickness of the said steel material: t is 1 mm or less. In the case of (3), with an overlap allowance of 3 mm or more, (b) when the thickness of the steel material: t exceeds 1 mm, the overlap is made with an overlap allowance of 3 t or more.

  In the present invention, the steel material and the aluminum material are overlapped, and the steel material obtained by performing MIG welding on the end surface portion of the steel material using a welding wire made of a 4000 series or 5000 series aluminum alloy, An aluminum material MIG welded joint, wherein the thickness of the steel material: t is 0.50 to 2.0 mm, and is 0.6 to 0.8 times the thickness of the aluminum material. In the welded portion, a bead straddling the steel material and the aluminum material is continuously formed, and the penetration depth of the steel material is 5% or less of the thickness of the steel material. The gist is also a steel and aluminum MIG welded joint.

  Thus, in the manufacturing method of the MIG welded joint of the steel material and the aluminum material according to the present invention, while controlling the heat input to be appropriately low, further, the radius of the welding wire, the distance from the base point of the welding wire, Since the MIG welding is performed so that the relational expression configured by combining the steel thickness and welding speed is within a predetermined range, the effect of each condition is combined, and the surface treatment of the steel material end face Regardless of whether or not there is a bead, a bead straddling the steel and aluminum material can be continuously formed along the end surface of the steel material at the welded part of the steel and aluminum material, and the penetration into the steel material is also effective It is designed to be suppressed. That is, according to the method of the present invention, it is possible to advantageously manufacture a MIG welded joint in which the soundness of the joint portion is effectively enhanced.

  Moreover, in the steel material and aluminum material MIG welded joint according to the present invention, a steel material having a specific thickness: t is used, and the penetration depth of the steel material is reduced. For this reason, deformation due to thermal strain is hardly induced in the welded portion, and the soundness of the welded portion can be advantageously increased.

  Hereinafter, in order to clarify the present invention more specifically, representative embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  First, FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 schematically show an example of a steel material and an aluminum material MIG welded joint according to the present invention in a perspective view and a longitudinal sectional view, respectively. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the MIG welded joint 10 includes a flat steel material 12 and a flat aluminum material 14 having different thicknesses, and the steel material 12 is positioned upward at each end portion. So that the end face 16 portion on the front end side of the steel material 12 is overlapped and welded by the MIG welding technique to form the welded portion 18 in a state where the steel material 12 is superposed vertically. It is made up and composed.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 1, here, the steel material 12 and the aluminum material 14 are welded over the entire length of the overlapping portion, whereby the welded portion 18 extends along the end surface 16 of the steel material 12. Thus, it is formed to extend continuously. In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, the welded portion 18 has a cross-sectional substantially triangular bead that joins two orthogonal surfaces, that is, the end surface 16 of the steel material 12 and the upper surface of the aluminum material 14. It is formed so as to straddle the material 14.

  And as for the material of the steel material 12 arrange | positioned upwards among the two to-be-welded materials (12, 14) piled up and down in that way, it does not restrict | limit in particular, In the target joint It can be appropriately selected according to required characteristics and the like, and examples thereof include mild steel, carbon steel, high-tensile steel, and stainless steel. In addition, on the upper and lower surfaces of such steel material, conventionally known zinc or zinc alloy, such as hot dip galvanizing (GI), alloyed hot dip galvanizing (GA), aluminum alloy plating, and electrogalvanizing, Surface treatment (metal coating treatment) with aluminum or an aluminum alloy may be performed. In addition, even if it is the steel material by which surface treatment was given to the upper and lower surfaces, the surface treatment layer (metal coating layer) is not normally provided in the end surface, but in the present invention, the surface treatment layer of the end surface is not provided. It can be used as it is, with or without it.

  On the other hand, the material of the aluminum material 14 disposed below is not particularly limited as long as it is aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and is appropriately selected according to the characteristics required for the intended joint. Preferably, the tensile strength in the case of an O material (an aluminum material having a classification symbol defined by JIS H 0001 that is O and which has become the softest state by annealing) is 90 MPa or more. Some are advantageously used. However, the quality of the aluminum material to be subjected to MIG welding is not limited to the O material, and materials having various qualities such as O, H, and T can be used. Here, the tensile strength refers to the strength measured in accordance with the “metal material tensile test method” defined in JIS Z 2241. When the tensile strength is less than 90 MPa, the welded portion 18 is used. Even if the weak intermetallic compound layer is not formed and the decrease in the strength of the welded portion 18 can be suppressed, the aluminum material 14 as the base material is likely to break. This is because even if an aluminum material (for example, H material) tempered to increase the strength is used, the heat affected zone in the vicinity of the welded portion by welding (the portion that is not melted but is affected by heat) However, this is because the strength is generally the same as that of the O material. Among such aluminum materials, in particular, JIS series alloy numbers are 5000 series (Al-Mg series), 6000 series (Al-Mg-Si series), and 7000 series (Al-Zn-Mg series). In addition to being suitable as a structural material for building materials such as automobile body panels and decorative panels, it has excellent strength and high melt weldability, so that it is even more suitable. Will be adopted.

  Further, the shapes of the steel material 12 and the aluminum material 14 are not limited to a flat plate shape, and any overlapping portion to be subjected to the MIG welding operation may be at least a flat plate shape. Any of various shapes manufactured by a known method such as forging will be employed. In general, a plate material or an extruded shape whose welded portion is a flat plate shape is advantageously used.

  In the present embodiment, the thickness t of the steel material 12 superimposed above the aluminum material 14 is set to a thickness in the range of 0.50 to 2.0 mm. This is because when the thickness t of the steel material 12 is less than 0.50 mm, the steel material 12 is easily melted, the amount of dissolution increases, and a brittle intermetallic compound layer is formed in the welded portion 18. In addition, when the thickness exceeds 2.0 mm, the steel material 12 is not easily heated, and the welding wire (melting material) droplets are placed on the steel material 12 having a low temperature. This is because 16 does not get wet and the droplets are struck in a ball shape.

  Moreover, in the present embodiment, the thickness t of the steel material 12 is 0.6 to 0.8 times the thickness u of the aluminum material 14, that is, 0.6 u to 0.8 u. In other words, the thickness u of the aluminum material 14 is larger than the thickness t of the steel material 12 and is 1.25 to about 1.67 times the thickness t of the steel material 12. As a result, the rigidity of the steel material 12 and the aluminum material 14 is moderately aligned, so that stress due to thermal strain is concentrated at the time of solidification shrinkage after welding, causing local deformation in the welded portion 18 and breaking. This can be advantageously prevented. That is, when the thickness t of the steel material 12 is out of the above range, stress concentrates on the material to be welded with lower rigidity, local deformation occurs, and the material to be welded with lower rigidity preferentially breaks. Will come to do. In addition, when using what surface treatment was given as steel materials, the thickness which added the thickness of the bare steel materials before surface treatment and the thickness of a surface treatment layer from a practical viewpoint is the steel materials 12 Thickness: t.

  Moreover, although the overlap margin W of the steel material 12 and the aluminum material 14 can be appropriately set according to the thickness of the steel member 12, if the overlap margin W is too small, the heat applied to the welded portion 18 is Since the heat is transmitted to the end face 22 of the aluminum material 14 and the heat does not escape and becomes reflected heat and is applied to the welded portion 18, the thickness of the steel material 12 is preferably 3 mm when t is 1 mm or less. In addition, when the thickness t of the steel material 12 exceeds 1 mm, it is desirable that the thickness of the steel material 12 is three times or more, that is, 3 t or more.

  Thus, as described above, the MIG welded joint 10 of the present embodiment has the end surface 16 portion of the steel material 12 in the MIG state in a state where the steel material 12 and the aluminum material 14 having different thicknesses are overlapped with each other. In this case, the bead of the welded portion 18 is 4000 series (Al-Si series) or 5000 series (Al--) without using brazing material or flux. It is formed by MIG welding using a welding wire (melting material) made of an Mg alloy. For this reason, the strength of the weld metal 24 is high, so that the steel material 12 and the aluminum material 14 can be firmly welded compared to the case of using a welding wire of another material, and the slag removal work and large scale are not required. No equipment is required, and the cost can be kept lower than when brazing, flux-cored wire, or the like is used.

  Further, in the MIG welded joint 10 of the present embodiment, the penetration of the steel material 12 can be advantageously prevented, and the penetration depth of the steel material 12 in the vicinity of the upper surface side corner portion 20 where the penetration depth becomes the largest: D (see FIG. 3) is suppressed to 5% or less of the thickness of the steel material 12: t. Further, a scale-like uneven pattern is regularly formed on the bead surface of the welded portion 18.

  Thus, in the MIG welded joint 10 of the present embodiment, since the penetration depth of the steel material 12 is kept low, the soundness of the welded portion 18 is effectively enhanced. Therefore, the MIG welded joint 10 according to the present embodiment is advantageously used for automobile body panels, joints for brackets, building materials such as decorative panels, and the like.

  By the way, as described above, the MIG welded joint 10 of the steel material 12 and the aluminum material 14 according to the present embodiment is manufactured, for example, according to the following manufacturing method.

  That is, in order to manufacture the MIG welded joint 10 of the present embodiment, first, as shown in FIG. 4, the flat steel material 12 and the flat aluminum material 14 having the thicknesses as described above, In the end portion, the steel material 12 is overlaid so as to be positioned above. Then, the steel material 12 and the aluminum material 14 and the aluminum material are appropriately used as necessary by an appropriate restraining jig (not shown) so that the superposed state is maintained and the steel material 12 and the aluminum material 14 do not move relative to each other. The material 14 is fixed. Then, under such a fixed state, the MIG welding operation is performed on the end surface 16 portion of the steel material 12 under the conditions as described later.

  Specifically, when performing this MIG welding operation, the welding wire 30 that is a consumable electrode is projected as a predetermined length from the tip opening 34 of the nozzle 32 as a welding machine in the same manner as in the prior art. A MIG welder is used. In such a MIG welding machine, the welding wire 30 can be moved independently in the axial direction with respect to the nozzle 32 by a wire supply device (not shown). Can be supplied to the welded portion 18 side (downward in FIG. 4). Further, in order to cut off the molten metal from the atmosphere, an inert gas 36 made of a mixed gas obtained by combining one or more inert gases such as argon gas, helium gas, neon gas and the like from the inside of the nozzle 32 during arc welding. (Indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 4) is sprayed on a portion to be welded. Further, the welding wire 30 is connected to a positive pole side of a welding power source device (not shown) through a contact tip 38 to be a positive pole (anode), while the materials to be welded (12, 14) are on a negative pole side. Connected to the negative electrode (cathode).

  Then, by operating a welding power source device (not shown) and applying a predetermined current and voltage between the welding wire 30 and the material to be welded (12, 14), the tip of the welding wire 30 and the object to be welded are applied. While generating an arc 40 (shown by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 4) between the welding materials (12, 14), as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a nozzle 32 is provided along the end surface 16 of the steel material 12. By relatively moving the (welding wire 30), the MIG welding of the steel material 12 and the aluminum material 14 is allowed to proceed.

  At this time, the arc 40 generated between the workpieces (12, 14) and the welding wire 30 warms the end surface portion of the steel material 12, and the welding wire 30 is melted, so that the droplets 42 of the welding wire 30 are formed. The steel material 12 and the aluminum material 14 are welded to each other by the molten aluminum (molten metal), and a bead made of the weld metal 24 is formed in the welded portion 18.

  In such a MIG welding operation, as described above, the welding wire 30 is made of 4000 series (Al-Si series) or 5000 series (Al-Mg series) in order to firmly weld the steel material 12 and the aluminum material 14 as described above. Solid wire formed using an aluminum alloy material. In the present embodiment, the radius r of the welding wire 30 is 0.4 to 0.8 mm. This is because when the radius r of the welding wire 30 is smaller than the above range, the current density is increased and the arc 40 is concentrated, so that the heat input is excessive at the concentrated portion of the arc 40 and the steel material deeply melts. When the embrittlement layer made of an intermetallic compound is formed thick, while its radius: r is larger than the above range, it is necessary to increase the heat input in order to melt the welding wire 30, thereby the welding wire 30. This is because the temperature of the droplet 42 itself increases, and a thickened embrittlement layer is formed in the welded portion 18.

  In such MIG welding operation, the torch aiming position, that is, the nozzle position is set too far away from the end face 16 of the steel material 12 in the horizontal direction (direction perpendicular to the welding direction, left-right direction in FIG. 4). As a result, a bead straddling the steel material 12 and the aluminum material 14 is not formed, and a sound weld 18 having a cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG. 2 cannot be formed. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the center line X of the welding wire 30 is such a base point in the horizontal direction with the upper surface side corner 20 on the end face 16 of the steel material 12 as the base point 0 as shown in FIG. : Welding wire so that it is always located within the distance of 4r from 0 to the overlapping portion side (in FIG. 4, the base point: to the left side of 0) opposite side (in FIG. 4, the base point: to the right side of 0) 30 (nozzle 32) is arranged. In other words, as shown in FIG. 4, the distance (L) from the base point: 0 (upper side corner 20) to the center line: X of the welding wire 30 is 0 to 4r (0 ≦ L ≦ 4r). Thus, the welding wire 30 is arranged. Here, the center line: X of the welding wire 30 means the center line of the welding wire at the portion protruding from the tip opening 34 of the nozzle 32.

  Note that when the center line X of such a welding wire 30 is arranged at a position on the overlapping portion side (left side in FIG. 4) from the base point, that is, when L becomes less than 0, the arc 40 becomes the steel material 12. On the other hand, when L exceeds 4, the arc 40 does not reach the steel material 12, and in any case, the sound welded portion 18 as described above cannot be formed.

The nozzle 32 (welding wire 30) is moved relatively in the welding direction (the direction perpendicular to the paper surface in FIG. 4) while maintaining the position where L becomes 0 to 4r, and MIG welding is performed. However, in this embodiment, the nozzle 32 (welding is performed so that A represented by the following formula (I) is 4.0 to 6.0 (4.0 ≦ A ≦ 6.0). The wire 30) is moved relatively along the end face 16 of the steel material 12.
A = L / r + (t / α) × V (I)

  In the above formula (I), L is the distance (mm) from the base point 0 to the center line X of the welding wire 30 as described above. More specifically, L is the distance from the base point: 0 to the intersection point: p between the center line: X of the welding wire 30 and the extended surface 13 ′ of the upper surface 13 of the steel material 12. Here, the base point: 0 Of the steel material 12 and the aluminum material 14 is negative (base point: left side of 0 in FIG. 4), while the opposite side of the overlap portion (base point: in FIG. 4). The right side of 0) is positive. Moreover, in the said Formula (I), r shows the radius (mm) of the welding wire 30, and it is set as 0.4 mm <= r <= 0.8mm as mentioned above. L / r, which is the first term of the above formula (I), indicates how far the center line X of the welding wire 30 is away from the end of the steel material 12 with respect to the radius of the welding wire 30: r. ing. In the present embodiment, as described above, since the welding wire 30 (nozzle 32) is arranged so that L satisfies 0 ≦ L ≦ 4r, L / r is in a range of 0 ≦ L / r ≦ 4. If the radius: r of the welding wire 30 is large, the upper limit of the distance: L can be increased. Conversely, if the radius: r of the welding wire 30 is small, the upper limit of the distance: L is decreased.

  Moreover, in the said Formula (I), t shows the thickness (mm) of steel materials, and is set as the range of 0.50 mm <= t <= 2.0mm as mentioned above. Α is a coefficient (mm · cm / min), and α = 21 mm · cm / min. V indicates the welding speed (cm / min), and is at least more than 0 (V> 0). The second term (t / α) × V in the above formula (I) is obtained by multiplying the thickness 12 of the steel material 12 by the welding speed V. Thus, the reason for multiplying the thickness t of the steel material 12 and the welding speed V is that the molten metal is accumulated in the stepped portion of the overlapped steel material 12 and the aluminum material 14, that is, the end surface 16 portion of the steel material 12. In order to form a sound weld 18, it is necessary to reduce the thickness t of the steel material 12 when the welding speed V is high, while it is necessary to increase the thickness t of the steel material 12 when the welding speed is low. This is because they are inversely related.

  The nozzle 32 (welding wire 30) is connected to the end surface of the steel material 12 so that A, which is the sum of the first term and the second term of the formula (I), satisfies 4.0 ≦ A ≦ 6.0. By performing the MIG welding by relatively moving along the end 16, a healthy weld 18 extending continuously along the end face 16 is formed. When A is less than 4.0, there is a possibility that a hole is formed in the base material due to excessive heat input, and when it exceeds 6.0, there is a possibility that a discontinuous bead is formed.

  In addition, in the MIG welding operation of the present embodiment, direct current welding in which one droplet is transferred with one pulse to the welding wire 30 and the pulse frequency is 0.5 to 5 times per 1 mm weld length. A pulse current (see FIG. 7) is passed. By flowing such a DC pulse current, a cleaning action (cleaning action) for removing the oxide film on the surface of the base material can be exhibited, weldability is improved, and heat input is controlled to be moderately low, The penetration of the steel material 12 can be advantageously prevented.

  The reason why the pulse current changed in a pulse shape is flowed is that the average welding current value becomes high and the heat input to the base metal becomes excessive in the case of direct current without a pulse, so that a low average welding current value is used. This is to allow regular droplet transfer to be performed stably, to control heat input at a moderately low level, and to prevent excessive heat from being applied to the material to be welded. In addition, the direct current pulse current is used instead of the alternating current pulse current because the welding wire 30 is always set to the positive electrode (anode), so that the cleaning action is always exerted on the material to be welded, This is because a clean metal surface (new surface) is formed, and the molten aluminum is effectively wetted and spread in the welded portion, so that a sound welded portion 18 can be formed. In the case of alternating current, the cleaning action is not exhibited at the timing when the welding wire 30 is switched from the positive electrode to the negative electrode, which may cause defects in the welded portion 18.

  Further, here, as described above, the DC welding pulse current is in a droplet transfer state in which one droplet 42 regularly disengages from the tip portion 31 of the welding wire 30 in one pulse, and the pulse frequency. Is adjusted so as to be 0.5 to 5 times per 1 mm of weld length, and by flowing such a DC pulse current, the above-mentioned cleaning action is effectively exhibited, and the wettability of the steel material 12 is improved. As a result, the molten metal of the welding wire 30 is not repelled at the end surface 16 portion of the steel material 12, and the end surface 16 of the steel material 12 can be wetted well. Moreover, heat input is controlled and the surface of the aluminum material 14 is appropriately melted, while the steel material 12 can be effectively prevented from being melted deeply.

  When one droplet does not form one droplet, specifically, when several droplets form one droplet, a continuous bead cannot be obtained and an incomplete portion is generated. In the case of several droplets, the pulse current density becomes high and the heat input becomes excessive, which leads to the formation of a thick fragile intermetallic compound layer and the disadvantage of increased sputtering.

  On the other hand, when the pulse frequency as described above is less than 0.5 times / mm, a continuous bead cannot be obtained and a sound welded portion 18 cannot be obtained as in the case of one droplet with a few pulses. In the case where the pulse frequency exceeds 5 times / mm, the heat input to the welded material is excessive, and a brittle intermetallic compound layer is formed thickly at the joining interface. However, it is easy to break or peel off at the welded portion 18. The pulse frequency (times / mm) is changed by changing the pulse frequency (times / s) according to the welding speed (mm / s), or vice versa. Therefore, it can be adjusted appropriately.

  In addition, in the MIG welding operation of the present embodiment, the direct current welding pulse current as described above is applied to the welded portion 18 where the molten pool 44 is positioned in front of the welding direction (directly below the arc 46 where the arc 40 is irradiated). As shown in FIG. 6, the welding wire 30 is projected and moved downward by a wire supply device (not shown) while flowing so as to be always formed. The tip 31 of the welding wire 30 is inserted and short-circuited at a rate of 0.1 to 4 times per mm, and then the tip 31 of the welding wire 30 is pulled up from the molten pool 44.

  In this way, by inserting the tip 31 of the welding wire 30 into the molten pool 44 and bringing it into contact with the molten pool 44, the transition from the droplet transition state to the short-circuit transition state is prevented, and overheating of the immediately lower portion 46 of the arc is prevented. It becomes possible to control practically. More specifically, when the welding wire 30 is in contact with the molten pool 44 (short-circuit transition state), the heat input by the arc disappears and the welding wire 30 is melted by the heat of the molten pool 44 (heat of the molten metal). As a result, the heat of the molten pool 44 is deprived, and the temperature of the portion directly below the arc 46 is lowered. Therefore, by short-circuiting at a predetermined frequency, overheating of the immediate lower portion of the arc 46 can be extremely effectively prevented. Thus, even if the molten pool 44 is formed, the penetration of the steel material 12 and the aluminum material 14 can be achieved. It is possible to advantageously prevent the omission of the omission. Accordingly, in the MIG welding operation of the present embodiment, the heat input to the welding material is combined with the control of heat input by the DC welding pulse current as described above and the prevention of overheating of the immediately below arc 46 due to a short circuit. Can be controlled more practically and easily than the conventional method.

  In addition, when the molten pool 44 is not formed in the arc immediately lower part 46, the front-end | tip part 31 of the welding wire 30 cannot be melt | dissolved at the time of a short circuit, but a continuous bead cannot be formed, and there exists a possibility that the incomplete part by melting insufficient may be caused. There is. In addition, when the short-circuit frequency is less than 0.1 times per 1 mm of the weld length, the effect due to the short-circuit cannot be sufficiently obtained, and conversely, when the short-circuit frequency exceeds 4 times / mm, melting occurs. The temperature of the metal becomes too low and the welding wire 30 does not melt.

  By the way, when adopting the DC pulse current or short circuit as described above, the pulse shape (waveform), peak current value, base current value, short circuit time, and the like depend on the welding voltage value to be applied, the type, diameter, etc. of the welding wire 30. Accordingly, for example, FIG. 7 shows an example of a current waveform along with a corresponding voltage waveform arranged in the vertical direction. Then, for example, by performing MIG welding at a welding speed: V of 60 cm / min (= 10 mm / sec) while flowing such a DC pulse current, one droplet moves by one pulse 1 Pulse 1 droplet transfer can be advantageously realized. In the current waveform shown in FIG. 7, since there are 16 peaks per second, at this welding speed: 60 cm / min, the pulse frequency is 1.6 times per 1 mm weld length. ing. Further, in the voltage waveform, a portion projecting downward is formed due to a decrease in potential difference between the welding wire 30 and the material to be welded when the welding wire 30 is short-circuited to the molten pool 44. Since there are nine such downward protrusions per second, at the welding speed of 60 cm / min, the short-circuit frequency is 0.9 times per 1 mm of welding length. In FIG. 7, two direct current pulses are applied to transfer the droplets one by one onto the material to be welded, and then the temperature of the molten pool 44 is lowered by performing one short-circuit operation. Further, the operation of applying a DC pulse twice and short-circuiting once is repeated.

  Thus, as described above, the steel material 12 and the aluminum material 14 having a predetermined thickness are superposed, and the welding wire 30 made of a 4000 series or 5000 series aluminum alloy is placed at a predetermined position, and the above formula (I) is satisfied. The welding wire 30 is moved relatively along the end surface 16 of the steel material 12 so that A shown in FIG. A direct current welding pulse current of 0.5 to 5 times per 1 mm was made to flow in such a way that the molten pool 44 was always formed in the welded portion (directly below the arc 46) in the front of the welding direction. The steel material 12 and the aluminum material 14 are arc-welded by short-circuiting the molten pool 44 so that the short-circuit frequency is 0.1 to 4 times per 1 mm of welding length and performing the MIG welding operation. , It is integrated, so that the MIG welded joint 10 of interest is produced. And in the MIG welded joint 10 obtained in this way, as described above, the heat input during welding is controlled practically and easily, so that the steel material 12 can penetrate and the aluminum material 14 falls off. While being able to be suppressed advantageously, the molten metal accumulates as beads on the end surface 16 portion of the steel material 12 regardless of whether or not the surface treatment of the steel material end surface 16 is performed, and the bead straddling the steel material 12 and the aluminum material 14 It is formed continuously along the end face 16. Further, by performing the MIG welding operation so as to satisfy the above-described conditions, the penetration depth D in the vicinity of the upper surface side corner portion 20 where the penetration depth of the steel material 12 becomes the largest is D (see FIG. 3). The thickness of the steel material 12 is 5% or less of t, and it is prevented that the intermetallic compound layer is formed thick at the interface, and the welded portion 18 is less likely to be deformed due to thermal strain. Yes.

  Therefore, when the MIG welding operation is performed under the above-described conditions to manufacture the MIG welded joint between the steel material 12 and the aluminum material 14, discontinuous beads are not formed or the beads are not formed on the steel material end face 16. This is advantageously prevented, and a MIG welded joint with improved soundness as compared with the prior art can be advantageously manufactured.

  The exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the embodiments are merely examples, and the present invention is limited in any way by specific descriptions according to such embodiments. It should be understood that it is not interpreted.

  For example, in the above embodiment, as the steel material 12, the upper surface side corner portion 20 and the lower surface side corner portion 26 are at right angles (90 °), but as shown in FIG. Of course, it is also possible to manufacture a MIG welded joint by using a groove whose end is subjected to groove processing so that the upper surface side corner portion 20 'has an obtuse angle and the lower surface side corner portion 26' has an acute angle. In addition, regarding the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 to be described later, in order to facilitate understanding, the same parts as those in the embodiment shown in FIGS. The code | symbol was attached | subjected.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, the nozzle 32 (welding wire 30) is arrange | positioned so that the centerline: X of the welding wire 30 may become parallel with respect to the end surface 16 of the steel material 12, as evident also from FIG. However, as shown in FIG. 9, the MIG welding operation can be performed by tilting the nozzle 32 (welding wire 30) with respect to the end surface 16 of the steel material 12. Also in this case, as described above, the distance from the base point 0 (upper surface side corner portion 20) to the intersection point p of the center line X of the welding wire 30 and the extended surface 13 'of the upper surface 13 of the steel material 12 ( The nozzle 32 (welding wire 30) is arranged so that L) satisfies 0 ≦ L ≦ 4r.

  In addition, in FIG. 5, the nozzle 32 (welding wire 30) is formed by a perpendicular line Y extending in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal direction (vertical direction in FIG. 5) and a center line X of the welding wire 30. The state where the angle θ is inclined so that the size of the angle θ is in the range of 5 ° or less and MIG welding is performed is shown, but the nozzle 32 (welding wire 30) with respect to the traveling direction is shown. The inclination angle can be appropriately set as in the conventional MIG welding.

  In the above example, the short-circuiting operation is performed by changing the amount of protrusion of the welding wire 30 from the tip opening 34 of the nozzle 32 by a wire supply device (not shown). It is not limited at all. For example, the tip 31 of the welding wire 30 is brought into contact with the molten pool 44 by moving the nozzle 32 itself in the vertical direction or changing the welding material in the vertical direction without changing the protruding amount of the welding wire 30. Of course, it is possible to cause a short circuit, and a short circuit can be performed by a known method.

  In addition, although not enumerated one by one, the present invention is carried out in a mode to which various changes, modifications, improvements, etc. are added based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art. It goes without saying that any one of them falls within the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

  Some examples of the present invention will be shown below to clarify the present invention more specifically. However, the present invention is not limited by the description of such examples. Needless to say.

<Example 1>
First, as shown in Table 1 below, a mild steel plate having a thickness (t): 0.59 mm was prepared as a steel material (12). On the other hand, as an aluminum material (Al material), a 5000 series aluminum plate material (5083) having a tensile strength in the O material of 90 MPa or more and a thickness (u): 0.79 mm was prepared. And these steel materials (12) and the aluminum material (14) were overlap | superposed and fixed so that the overlap allowance (W) might be 3 mm or more.

  Next, a precision control type MIG welding machine equipped with a welding wire (30) made of a 4000 series aluminum alloy (4043) having a radius (r): 0.4 mm is used as the MIG welding machine, and the welding wire (30) is + After connecting to the welding power source device so that the electrode and the workpiece are negative, an arc is generated between the electrode and the workpiece, and the nozzle (32) of the MIG welding machine is welded at a welding speed of 143 cm / min ( MIG welding was carried out by making the relative movement along the end surface (16) portion of the steel material (12) at ≈24 mm / s), and the MIG welded joint according to Example 1 was manufactured.

  At this time, as shown in Table 1 below, the number of droplets per pulse is 1, the number of pulses per 1 mm of welding length (pulse frequency) is 0.7 times, and the molten pool is directly below the arc (46). While direct current welding pulse current is passed so that (44) is always formed, the amount of protrusion of the welding wire is changed, and the tip of the welding wire (30) (at a rate of 0.5 times per 1 mm of welding length) 31) was brought into contact with the molten pool (44) and short-circuited. Further, the center line (X) of the welding wire is located at a distance of 2.4 mm from the upper surface side corner (20) of the steel material (12) to the opposite side of the overlapping portion, that is, L = 0 mm. The nozzle (32) was arranged so that the nozzle position was maintained, and the nozzle (32) was relatively moved along the end surface (16) portion of the steel material (12) while maintaining the nozzle position.

  Thereafter, using the MIG welded joint according to Example 1 obtained, the depth of penetration at the upper surface side corner (20) of the steel material (12) was measured, and the joining state was evaluated, and the obtained state was obtained. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[Measurement of penetration depth]
The penetration depth was measured using a metal microscope (EPIPHOT300 manufactured by Nikon Corporation). Specifically, the obtained MIG welded joint was cut at three locations in the welding direction at intervals of 10 mm, and these three cut surfaces were observed with a metal microscope, and in the vicinity of the upper surface side corner (20) of the steel material (12). The penetration depth: D (see FIG. 3) of the deepest penetration portion from the upper surface (13) of the steel material (12) was measured, and the average value was obtained. Moreover, the penetration rate of steel materials was calculated | required using the following arithmetic expression.
Steel penetration rate (%) = [steel penetration depth (mm) / steel thickness (mm)] x 100

[Evaluation of bonding state]
Moreover, the evaluation of the bonding state was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria.
○: The welded portion (18) is continuously formed with a bead straddling the steel material (12) and the aluminum material (14) ×: Other than the above, the welded portion (18) has a discontinuous bead, Or what is not formed so that a bead may straddle steel materials (12) and aluminum materials (14).

<Examples 2-73, Comparative Examples 1-93>
Similar to Example 1, plate materials shown in Tables 1 to 6 below were prepared as the steel material (12) and the Al material (14). In addition, the tensile strength of each Al material in the O material was 90 MPa or more. And, when the thickness (t) of the steel material (12) is 1 mm or less, the overlap allowance (W) of 3 mm or more, and when the thickness (t) of the steel material (12) exceeds 1 mm, Overlap was fixed so that the overlap allowance (W) was 3t or more.

  Next, using a MIG welding machine equipped with a welding wire (30) made of an aluminum alloy having the radius (r) and the material shown in Tables 1 to 6 below, the welding wire (30) side becomes a positive pole. An electric current and a voltage are applied, an arc is generated between the material to be welded, and the nozzle (32) of the MIG welding machine is moved to the end face (12) of the steel material (12) at the welding speed shown in Tables 1 to 6 below. 16) MIG welding was performed by relatively moving along the part, and MIG welded joints according to Examples 2 to 73 and Comparative Examples 1 to 93 were obtained. In this MIG welding operation, the distance (L) of the center line (X) of the welding wire (30), the welding speed (V), the number of droplets per pulse, the pulse frequency, and the short-circuit frequency are as follows. The conditions shown in Tables 1 to 6 were adopted.

  And using the obtained MIG welded joint, while measuring the above-mentioned penetration depth, the joining state was evaluated, and the obtained results are shown in Tables 1 to 6 below.

  As is clear from the results of Tables 1 to 3, in the MIG welded joints according to Examples 1 to 73, the penetration depth of the steel material is 5% or less of the thickness of the steel material, The evaluation result of the part is ○, and it can be seen that the steel material and the aluminum material are well welded regardless of the presence or absence of a surface treatment layer (metal coating layer) such as plating on the steel material end face.

  On the other hand, as is clear from the results of Tables 3 to 6, in the MIG welded joints according to Comparative Examples 1 to 93, the evaluation results of the joints are all x.

In addition, “A” was plotted against “(t / α) × V” for Examples 1 to 73 and a comparative example satisfying the following conditions (1) to (7). The obtained graph is shown in FIG. Here, assuming that “A” is y and “(t / α) × V” is x, the following formula (I) is y = x + L / r, the slope is 1, and the intercept is L / r. It becomes a straight line. Further, L / r is in the range of 0 ≦ L / r ≦ 4 as described above. Furthermore, A represented by the following formula (I) is in a range of 4.0 ≦ A ≦ 6.0. Therefore, the range surrounded by the four lines a to d shown in FIG. 10 satisfies the condition defined by the present invention.
A = L / r + (t / α) × V (I)

Condition (1) 0.50 mm ≦ t ≦ 2.0 mm
(2) 0.6 ≦ t / u ≦ 0.8
(3) 0.4 mm ≦ r ≦ 0.8 mm
(4) V> 0 cm / min (5) Number of droplets per pulse: 1
(6) Pulse frequency: 0.5-5 times / mm
(7) Short-circuit frequency: 0.1 to 4 times / mm

  As is clear from the graph of FIG. 10, each of the examples indicated by ◯ is within a range surrounded by four lines a to d (the hatched range in FIG. 10), while indicated by ●. It can be seen that the comparative example exists outside the range. Therefore, even if the above conditions (1) to (6) are satisfied, L / r is not in the range of 0 to 4 and A represented by the above formula (I) is 4.0 to 6.0. It turns out that the thing which is not in a range cannot obtain a sound welded part.

It is an isometric view explanatory drawing which shows an example of the MIG welded joint of steel materials and aluminum materials according to this invention. It is II-II sectional explanatory drawing in FIG. FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged explanatory view of FIG. 2. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is longitudinal cross-sectional explanatory drawing which shows one process of manufacturing the MIG welded joint of steel materials and aluminum materials according to this invention method, Comprising: Steel materials and aluminum materials which are to be welded are mutually piled up so that steel materials may become upper, The state which has arrange | positioned the nozzle of MIG welding machine is shown. It is a partial cross section explanatory view showing one process which manufactures a MIG welding joint of steel materials and aluminum materials according to the method of the present invention, and shows the state where a droplet moves from a welding wire. It is a partial cross section explanatory view which shows one process of manufacturing a MIG welded joint of steel materials and aluminum materials according to the method of the present invention, and shows a short circuit state. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the waveform of DC welding pulse current and voltage employ | adopted in the MIG welding method according to this invention, Comprising: While showing the waveform of DC pulse current upwards, the waveform of the voltage corresponding to this welding current is shown. Shown side by side. It is longitudinal cross-sectional explanatory drawing which shows the process of manufacturing the MIG welded joint of steel materials and aluminum materials according to this invention method, Comprising: As the steel materials which should be welded, what performed the groove process on the end surface is employ | adopted. It is longitudinal cross-sectional explanatory drawing which shows the process of manufacturing the MIG welded joint of steel materials and aluminum materials according to this invention method, Comprising: The state arrange | positioned in the state which inclined the nozzle of the MIG welding machine with respect to the end surface of steel materials is shown. . In an Example, it is the graph which plotted "A" with respect to "(t / (alpha)) * V" which is the 2nd term of the said Formula (I).

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 MIG welded joint 12 Steel material 14 Aluminum material 16 End surface of steel material 18 Welded part 20,20 'Upper surface side corner 22 End surface of aluminum material 24 Weld metal 26, 26' Lower surface side corner 30 Welding wire 31 Tip part 32 Nozzle 34 Tip Opening 36 Inert gas 38 Contact tip 40 Arc 42 Droplet 44 Weld pool 46 Directly under the arc X, X ': Center line of welding wire Y: Perpendicular

Claims (6)

A method of manufacturing MIG welded joints of steel and aluminum by superimposing steel and aluminum on top and bottom so that the steel is on top, and performing MIG welding operation on the end surface portion of the steel. There,
As the steel material, a thickness: t is 0.50 to 2.0 mm, and 0.6 to 0.8 times the thickness of the aluminum material,
As the welding wire, a wire made of a 4000 series or 5000 series aluminum alloy having a radius: r of 0.4 to 0.8 mm is used.
The center line of the welding wire has a distance of 4r on the side opposite to the overlapping portion of the steel material and the aluminum material in the horizontal direction from the base point: 0, with the upper surface side corner portion on the end face of the steel material as the base point: 0. In a state where the welding wire is arranged so as to be located in
The welding wire is moved relatively along the end surface of the steel material so that A represented by the following formula (I) is 4.0 to 6.0, and
With respect to the welding wire, a welding pulse current of 1 pulse per droplet and a pulse frequency of 0.5 to 5 times per 1 mm of welding length is applied so that a molten pool is always formed in the weld. while flow, to take the molten pool, the welding wire, so as to be found allowed shorted at a rate of 0.1 to 4 times per a welding length 1 mm, by performing a MIG welding operation, the weld, the A bead straddling the steel material and the aluminum material is formed continuously along the end surface of the steel material, and the penetration depth of the steel material is 5% or less of the thickness of the steel material. A method for manufacturing a MIG welded joint of steel and aluminum.
A = L / r + (t / α) × V (I)
[In the formula, L is the base point: distance from 0 to the center line of the welding wire (mm), r is the radius (mm) of the welding wire, t is the thickness (mm) of the steel material, and α is the coefficient (= 21 mm · cm / Min), and V is the welding speed (cm / min). ]   The steel material according to claim 1, wherein the steel material is any one of mild steel, carbon steel, high-tensile steel, and stainless steel that has not been surface-treated. Production method.   The steel material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the steel material is any one of hot-dip galvanized steel, alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel, aluminum alloy-plated steel, and electrogalvanized steel. Manufacturing method of MIG welded joint of aluminum material.   The method for manufacturing a MIG welded joint between a steel material and an aluminum material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the aluminum material has a tensile strength in the O material of 90 MPa or more. .   5. The steel material and the aluminum material according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum material is any one of 5000 series, 6000 series, and 7000 series aluminum alloy materials. Manufacturing method of MIG welded joint.   When the steel material and the aluminum material are (a) when the thickness of the steel material: t is 1 mm or less, with an overlap margin of 3 mm or more, (b) when the thickness of the steel material: t exceeds 1 mm The method for producing a MIG welded joint of steel material and aluminum material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the material is superposed with an overlap allowance of 3t or more.

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